Article(id=1193543217355391257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1193543214067056904, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.03.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1716134400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-20, revisedDate=1720368000000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762492477978, onlineDateStr=2025-11-07, pubDate=1742400000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762492477978, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762492477978, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762492477978, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1193543214067056904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2025', volume='58', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='157', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762492477194, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762498203949, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1193567233872982429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1193543214067056904, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1193567233872982430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1193543214067056904, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=51, endPage=59, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1193543217569300762, articleId=1193543217355391257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Research on extrusion process technology of ethylene-butyl acrylate based semi-conductive shielding material for high-voltage cable, columnId=1193543215723806988, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Special Issue on Advanced Cable Insulation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The extrusion process technology of semi-conductive shielding material (SCSM) for high-voltage cables is crucial for the uniform dispersion and distribution of conductive carbon black (CB), as well as the interfacial interaction between CB and matrix resin. To investigate the influence of processing methods and parameters on the structure and properties of SCSM, this study employed twin-screw extrusion granulation and single-screw extrusion sheet processes. The influence of extrusion temperature, screw speed on the microstructure, electrical properties, mechanical properties, and surface smoothness of the SCSM were investigated. The results show that the optimal parameters for the twin-screw extrusion granulation process are 160℃ of extrusion temperature and 120 r/min of screw speed. Under these conditions, the volume resistivity of the shielding material at 23℃ and 90℃ is 9.6 Ω·cm and 265.0 Ω·cm, respectively. In the single-screw extrusion sheet process, when the extrusion temperature and screw speed are 105℃ and 50 r/min, respectively, the CB achieves sufficient shear force and dispersion time, effectively preventing pre-crosslinking of the SCSM. Consequently, there is no protrusions larger than 50 μm in diameter observed on the surface of the shielding material.

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高压电缆半导电屏蔽料的挤出工艺技术对导电炭黑均匀分散和分布、导电炭黑与基体树脂界面相互作用至关重要。为了探究屏蔽料生产过程中工艺方法和工艺参数对屏蔽料结构和性能的影响规律,本文通过双螺杆挤出造粒和单螺杆挤出片材工艺,研究挤出温度和螺杆转速对屏蔽料微观形貌、电学性能、力学性能和表面光洁度的影响。结果表明:双螺杆挤出造粒工艺中较优的工艺参数是挤出温度为160℃、螺杆转速为120 r/min。在该工艺条件下,屏蔽料在23℃和90℃下的体积电阻率分别为9.6 Ω·cm和265.0 Ω·cm。在单螺杆挤出片材工艺中,当挤出温度和螺杆转速分别为105℃和50 r/min时,导电炭黑获得了足够的剪切作用力和分散时间,并有效防止了屏蔽料的预交联现象,因此屏蔽料表面没有出现直径大于50 μm的凸起。

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何文(1975-),男(汉族),广东梅州人,高级工程师,主要从事输电电缆的研究。

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乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯基高压电缆半导电屏蔽料挤出工艺技术研究
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何文 1 , 侯帅 2 , 陈小琼 1 , 展云鹏 2 , 贾磊 2 , 黎灼佳 1 , 杨前程 2 , 傅明利 2
绝缘材料 | 先进电缆绝缘专题 2025,58(3): 51-59
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绝缘材料 | 先进电缆绝缘专题 2025, 58(3): 51-59
乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯基高压电缆半导电屏蔽料挤出工艺技术研究
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何文1, 侯帅2, 陈小琼1, 展云鹏2, 贾磊2, 黎灼佳1, 杨前程2, 傅明利2
作者信息
  • 1 广东电网有限责任公司东莞供电局,广东 东莞 523120
  • 2 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司,广东 广州 510663
Research on extrusion process technology of ethylene-butyl acrylate based semi-conductive shielding material for high-voltage cable
Wen HE1, Shuai HOU2, Xiaoqiong CHEN1, Yunpeng ZHAN2, Lei JIA2, Zhuojia LI1, Qiancheng YANG2, Mingli FU2
Affiliations
  • 1 Dongguan Power Supply Bureau, Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523120, China
  • 2 Electric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510663, China
出版时间: 2025-03-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.03.006
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高压电缆半导电屏蔽料的挤出工艺技术对导电炭黑均匀分散和分布、导电炭黑与基体树脂界面相互作用至关重要。为了探究屏蔽料生产过程中工艺方法和工艺参数对屏蔽料结构和性能的影响规律,本文通过双螺杆挤出造粒和单螺杆挤出片材工艺,研究挤出温度和螺杆转速对屏蔽料微观形貌、电学性能、力学性能和表面光洁度的影响。结果表明:双螺杆挤出造粒工艺中较优的工艺参数是挤出温度为160℃、螺杆转速为120 r/min。在该工艺条件下,屏蔽料在23℃和90℃下的体积电阻率分别为9.6 Ω·cm和265.0 Ω·cm。在单螺杆挤出片材工艺中,当挤出温度和螺杆转速分别为105℃和50 r/min时,导电炭黑获得了足够的剪切作用力和分散时间,并有效防止了屏蔽料的预交联现象,因此屏蔽料表面没有出现直径大于50 μm的凸起。

半导电屏蔽料  /  导电炭黑  /  工艺参数  /  体积电阻率  /  表面光洁度

The extrusion process technology of semi-conductive shielding material (SCSM) for high-voltage cables is crucial for the uniform dispersion and distribution of conductive carbon black (CB), as well as the interfacial interaction between CB and matrix resin. To investigate the influence of processing methods and parameters on the structure and properties of SCSM, this study employed twin-screw extrusion granulation and single-screw extrusion sheet processes. The influence of extrusion temperature, screw speed on the microstructure, electrical properties, mechanical properties, and surface smoothness of the SCSM were investigated. The results show that the optimal parameters for the twin-screw extrusion granulation process are 160℃ of extrusion temperature and 120 r/min of screw speed. Under these conditions, the volume resistivity of the shielding material at 23℃ and 90℃ is 9.6 Ω·cm and 265.0 Ω·cm, respectively. In the single-screw extrusion sheet process, when the extrusion temperature and screw speed are 105℃ and 50 r/min, respectively, the CB achieves sufficient shear force and dispersion time, effectively preventing pre-crosslinking of the SCSM. Consequently, there is no protrusions larger than 50 μm in diameter observed on the surface of the shielding material.

semi-conductive shielding material  /  conductive carbon black  /  processing parameters  /  volume resistivity  /  surface smoothness
何文, 侯帅, 陈小琼, 展云鹏, 贾磊, 黎灼佳, 杨前程, 傅明利. 乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯基高压电缆半导电屏蔽料挤出工艺技术研究. 绝缘材料, 2025 , 58 (3) : 51 -59 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.03.006
Wen HE, Shuai HOU, Xiaoqiong CHEN, Yunpeng ZHAN, Lei JIA, Zhuojia LI, Qiancheng YANG, Mingli FU. Research on extrusion process technology of ethylene-butyl acrylate based semi-conductive shielding material for high-voltage cable[J]. Insulating Materials, 2025 , 58 (3) : 51 -59 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.03.006
高压电缆在长距离输电、跨海和城市电网连接中发挥了重要作用[1-3]。半导电屏蔽层作为高压电缆的关键组成部分,主要起到连接导体与绝缘层,确保电场均匀分布的作用[4-6]。半导电屏蔽料(以下简称屏蔽料)是半导电屏蔽层的原材料,相比于中低压电缆,高压电缆对半导电屏蔽料的质量及可靠性要求更高[7-8]。受到国外技术封锁、原材料限制、工艺和加工设备管控等因素的影响,国产屏蔽料仅能满足国内中低压电缆的性能需求,110 kV以上的高压电缆屏蔽料国际市场已被北欧化工和陶氏化学等国际知名企业垄断[9-10]。因此,实现高压电缆屏蔽料的国产化对我国高压电缆发展和输电安全具有重要意义[11]
高压电缆屏蔽料是一种组成复杂的填充型复合材料,由基体树脂、导电炭黑(CB)、交联剂、抗氧剂和其他加工助剂组成[12]。其中导电炭黑的分散和分布状态是决定屏蔽料电学性能、力学性能和表面光洁度的关键因素[13-15]。CB往往以尺寸不均的附聚物形式存在,其在基体树脂中的分散和分布可分为如下过程:CB在熔融共混过程中受到剪切力作用被破坏为较小粒子,并同时被基体树脂所润湿,细化后的CB粒子在基体树脂中随机分布;已分散的CB粒子由于粒子间的吸引力而容易聚集,即发生再附聚过程[16]。CB的分散和分布状态调控大多通过配比设计、填料改性等方式实现,加工过程中的工艺选择和工艺参数的影响鲜有报道[17]。然而,合理的工艺方法和参数不仅影响CB在基体树脂中的分散和分布特性,而且能够调控CB的结构度以及填料与聚合物基体间的界面结合力[18-20]。熔融挤出造粒法因其可连续化生产、剪切分散效果好等优点成为高压电缆屏蔽料的首选成型方法[21]。成型过程中挤出温度、螺杆转速等因素会对屏蔽料中CB粒子的结构度与分散和分布状态有决定作用。然而,现有研究工作主要基于实验室用密炼机研究加料顺序、共混温度等加工工艺参数对屏蔽料性能的影响,关于挤出工艺参数对屏蔽料结构和性能的影响规律缺乏系统研究。
鉴于此,本文在前期获得屏蔽料最优配方的基础上,研究双螺杆挤出造粒工艺中挤出温度和螺杆转速对屏蔽料微观结构、电学性能、力学性能和流变性能的影响,并探究单螺杆挤出片材过程中挤出温度和螺杆转速对屏蔽料表面光洁度的影响规律,从而获得屏蔽料的优选生产工艺参数,为高压电缆屏蔽料的生产提供参考。
乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(EBA),雷普索尔公司;导电炭黑(CB),卡博特公司;硅烷偶联剂、分散剂、润滑剂、抗氧剂、交联剂,成都科龙化工试剂有限公司。
(1)以特定配比称取CB、分散剂和硅烷偶联剂后,首先通过机械搅拌混合均匀,随后加入特定含量的润滑剂和抗氧剂继续搅拌混合,最后加入EBA树脂并搅拌混合。
(2)将混合均匀后的原料在双螺杆挤出机中熔融共混,改变挤出温度(140~200℃)和螺杆转速(80~140 r/min)得到不同挤出物,挤出物通过造粒机切成颗粒状,烘干后制得颗粒物料。
(3)将交联剂在研钵中研磨均匀后与颗粒物料机械混合,然后放置于60℃烘箱中干燥处理8 h使颗粒物料表面充分吸附上交联剂,得到高压电缆屏蔽料。
(4)将屏蔽料置于平板硫化机中,在180℃、10 MPa的温度和压力下热压10 min,得到尺寸为10 cm×10 cm×0.1 cm的板材,用于断面形貌观察以及电学、力学和流变性能测试。
(5)采用单螺杆挤出机将吸附交联剂的颗粒物料在不同挤出温度(140~200℃)和螺杆转速(80~140 r/min)下挤出制备片材,用于评价表面光洁度。
采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(Nova Nano SEM450型,FEI公司)观察试样断面形貌。测试前将试样在液氮中浸渍30 min后快速脆断,采用真空磁控溅射仪在待观测表面均匀喷涂一层金,测试时加速电压为5 kV。
采用光学显微镜(GP-304K型,昆山高品精密仪器有限公司)对单螺杆挤出机流延的屏蔽料片材表面进行观察,评价试样的表面光洁度。
将热压成型的样品裁剪成尺寸为3 cm×0.5 cm×0.1 cm的条状试样,在试样两短边处涂覆导电银胶并接引铜丝,然后放入60℃烘箱中干燥12 h以固化导电银胶。利用电阻率测试仪(TH2684A型,常州同惠电子股份有限公司)测试试样在23℃和90℃下的体积电阻,按照式(1)计算试样的体积电阻率[22-23]
ρ = R · W D L
式(1)中:ρ为体积电阻率,Ω·cm;R为所测体积电阻,Ω;WDL分别为试样的宽度、厚度、长度,cm。
将热压成型的片材裁剪成标距为20 mm的哑铃型试样,采用电子万能拉伸试验机(Model 5576型,Instron公司)测试力学性能,拉伸速率为250 mm/min。
采用旋转流变仪(MCR302型,Anton Paar公司)测试试样的动态流变性能。将样品裁剪成直径为20 mm的圆片,设置测试温度为180℃,应变为1%,扫描的频率范围为0.03~100 Hz。
基体树脂的加工流变性能是影响屏蔽料挤出特性和表面光洁度的重要性能指标,测试结果如图1所示。
图1可以看出,EBA的储能模量和损耗模量均随着剪切频率的增大而显著增加。对于黏弹性材料而言,剪切频率增加使得分子链运动逐渐滞后于外力变化,导致聚合物表现出玻璃态的性质,摩擦损耗增大。但随着剪切频率进一步增加,分子链构象发生重排,取向作用导致黏度减小,摩擦损耗减小,因此损耗模量增加趋势相比于储能模量略为平缓。此外,复数黏度随剪切频率的变化则呈现典型的剪切变稀现象。
为了研究双螺杆挤出造粒工艺中挤出温度对CB分散与分布状态的影响,设置挤出温度分别为140、160、180、200℃。挤出温度对屏蔽料体积电阻率和力学性能的影响如图2所示。
图2(a)可以看出,挤出温度为140℃和160℃时,屏蔽料的体积电阻率明显低于温度为180℃和200℃时的数值。例如,挤出温度为160℃时,屏蔽料在23℃和90℃测试温度下的体积电阻率分别为19.1 Ω·cm和327.3 Ω·cm,而挤出温度为200℃时体积电阻率分别增加至26.2 Ω·cm和712.5 Ω·cm。出现上述现象的原因是较低的挤出温度使得基体树脂黏度较高,螺杆的剪切作用力增大,进而有利于CB粒子在聚合物基体中的均匀分散。
图2(b)(d)可以看出,屏蔽料在挤出温度为200℃时力学性能出现明显下降,相比于挤出温度为180℃的屏蔽料,其断裂伸长率由349.2%降低至240.3%,这主要归因于过高的挤出温度导致熔体黏度降低,削弱了螺杆的剪切作用力,不利于CB粒子的分散。此外,较高的挤出温度使得CB粒子之间布朗运动更加剧烈,容易出现团聚现象,导致团聚炭黑粒子成为应力集中位点,降低了屏蔽料的断裂伸长率[24]
熔体黏度是CB填充型复合材料加工成型过程中必须考量的重要参数[25]。熔体黏度过低时,螺杆剪切作用力弱,难以有效破坏CB聚集体之间的范德华力,导致分散性差;而熔体黏度过高则会劣化复合材料的加工性能。图3为不同挤出温度下屏蔽料的流变曲线。从图3可以看出,随着剪切频率增加,复合材料的储能模量、损耗模量逐渐增加,而复数黏度迅速下降,这是由高分子材料的黏弹特性所决定。随着剪切频率逐渐增加,分子链的运动显著滞后于外力的变化,材料刚性提升,复合体系的摩擦和碰撞损耗增大,因而储能模量和损耗模量增加。黏度随剪切频率增加而出现下降是聚合物特有的剪切变稀现象,即假塑性流体特性[26]。从数值上看,在相同剪切频率下,挤出温度为180℃时,屏蔽料的储能模量和损耗模量比另外3组挤出温度下的更高,这是由于180℃下CB团簇网络结构较为紧密,对聚合物分子链的滑移阻碍作用较大。此外,4组不同挤出温度下样品的复数黏度相当,表明CB粒子形成的缠结导电网络与聚合物基体的界面结合作用差别较小。
不同挤出温度屏蔽料的断面SEM图像如图4所示。从图4可以看出,屏蔽料中的CB粒子以团簇体形式存在,团簇体之间相互连通形成导电团簇网络结构。图4(a)中白色虚线框所示为导电网络的网口(不含CB的聚合物相),屏蔽料在挤出温度为140℃时导电网络网口尺寸较大,相邻CB团簇体距离较远,绝缘的基体树脂形成势垒不利于CB粒子通过隧道效应传输电子[27]。出现此现象的原因是挤出温度较低时,基体树脂分子链运动能力差,不利于CB粒子与基体树脂表面产生润湿作用。随着挤出温度升高,导电网络网口尺寸显著降低,CB团簇体之间能够形成更完善的导电通路[28]
为了研究双螺杆挤出造粒工艺中螺杆转速对CB分散与分布状态的影响,设置挤出机螺杆转速分别为80、100、120、140 r/min。螺杆转速对屏蔽料体积电阻率和力学性能的影响规律如图5所示。
图5(a)可以看出,随着螺杆转速从80 r/min提高至140 r/min,屏蔽料体积电阻率整体呈现先降低后升高的变化规律,在螺杆转速为120 r/min时达到最低值,23℃和90℃下的体积电阻率分别为9.6 Ω·cm和265.0 Ω·cm。出现这种变化的原因是螺杆转速过低时,螺杆剪切作用力较弱,CB粒子在聚合物基体中分散性较差,不利于CB粒子互相接触形成链状导电通道;而螺杆转速过高时,虽然螺杆剪切作用力增强,有利于CB粒子在聚合物基体中均匀分散,但同时也破坏了CB粒子本身的高结构性[29]。因此,合理的螺杆转速应该既能促进CB粒子在聚合物基体中均匀分散,同时也能维持CB粒子本身的高结构特性。从图5(b)(d)可以看到,螺杆转速不会显著影响屏蔽料的拉伸强度,但对断裂伸长率的作用较明显。在螺杆转速为120 r/min时断裂伸长率最高,这是因为该加工条件能兼顾CB的分散性和高结构性,并有效提升CB粒子与聚合物基体的界面结合力,该结果与体积电阻率的实验结果一致。
图6为不同螺杆转速制备的屏蔽料流变曲线。从图6可以看出,随着剪切频率增加,复合材料储能模量、损耗模量逐渐增加而复合黏度明显下降。从图6(a)(b)可以看出,在螺杆转速为120 r/min时屏蔽料具有最高的储能模量和损耗模量,这是因为在该工艺条件下,螺杆剪切作用较强,有利于CB粒子与聚合物基体表面润湿和分散在基体树脂中,从而增强了CB导电团簇网络结构与聚合物基体间的界面作用力。从图6(c)可以看出,复数黏度随螺杆转速的提高而逐渐增加,这是因为高螺杆转速条件下,虽然螺杆的强剪切作用会破坏CB的团簇体结构,但却有利于CB粒子在基体树脂中均匀分布与分数,增强CB粒子与基体树脂的界面结合力。
不同螺杆转速制备的屏蔽料断面SEM图像如图7所示。从图7可以看出,CB粒子在屏蔽料中大多呈团聚状态,如图7(a)白色虚线框所示,这是因为CB粒子原生粒径为纳米级,比表面积大,表面能高,易于团聚在一起形成稳定的附聚体状态[30]。在螺杆转速为80 r/min时,CB团簇体孤立地分布在聚合物基体中,彼此间距离较远,导电网络网口尺寸较大,不利于形成链状导电通路[31]。这是因为此时螺杆剪切力弱,CB粒子在聚合物基体表面润湿速度慢,难以在聚合物基体中实现均匀分散。从图7(d)可以看出,螺杆转速为140 r/min时,CB团簇体均匀分散在聚合物基体中,但CB粒子的原生结构部分被破坏,同样也不利于形成链状导电通路。因此,适中的螺杆转速不仅有利于构建完善的导电通路,而且不会破坏CB粒子的原生结构。
由上述分析可知,挤出温度和螺杆转速主要影响基体树脂与CB熔融共混过程中CB的分散状态。挤出温度和螺杆转速的选择需要考虑基体树脂的黏度以及螺杆对CB的剪切作用力,保证CB既能够与基体充分润湿,实现CB的均匀分散,又能够维持CB粒子本身的高结构特性。
表面光洁度是高压电缆屏蔽料核心性能指标之一,如果屏蔽料表面存在大尺寸(通常指直径>50 μm)的凸起,在进行三层共挤时,交界处的表面凸起将会嵌入绝缘层,造成绝缘层局部电场强度过高,引发绝缘层电树枝劣化问题[32]。因此保证屏蔽料超高表面光洁度对提高电缆的安全稳定运行尤其重要。
设置挤出机挤出温度分别为105、110、115、120℃,测试得到不同挤出温度制备的屏蔽料片材表面光洁度如图8所示。从图8可以看出,当挤出温度为105、110、115℃时,屏蔽料片材表面均无直径大于50 μm的表面凸起;当挤出温度为120℃时,片材表面光洁度明显变差,存在两个直径大于50 μm的表面凸起。
为了进一步探究不同挤出温度制备的屏蔽料片材表面光洁度存在差异的根本原因,首先要厘清表面凸起产生的原因。表面凸起,又称为“粒结”,其产生的原因包括以下几个方面:①CB粒子在挤出过程中形成了团聚颗粒或CB粒子中的固有杂质形成焦烧颗粒;②屏蔽料配方中存在耐高温添加剂,如抗氧剂168熔点高于180℃,在屏蔽料加工过程中未完全熔融,后续在交联过程中被屏蔽料基体中乙烯嵌段的无定型部分吸收,最终导致屏蔽料挤出表面存在微孔或凸起;③挤出过程中部分交联剂提前分解生成自由基,使基体树脂分子链形成预交联“粒结”。设定挤出温度为120℃时,由于剪切摩擦生热,实际挤出温度远高于120℃,交联剂与基体预交联现象严重,因此表面凸起增多。
设置挤出机挤出温度为105℃,螺杆转速分别为30、50、70、90 r/min,不同螺杆转速制备的屏蔽料片材表面光洁度如图9所示。从图9可以看出,当螺杆转速分别为30、70、90 r/min时,屏蔽料片材表面均有直径大于50 μm的表面凸起;当螺杆转速为50 r/min时,片材表面光洁度显著改善,没有出现直径大于50 μm的表面凸起。螺杆转速影响表面光洁度的原因为:①较低的螺杆转速下,螺杆剪切作用弱,CB粒子团聚现象加剧;②螺杆转速过快,一方面剪切摩擦生热增多,屏蔽料预交联现象严重,另一方面剪切作用时间变短,CB粒子不足以充分分散。
由上述分析可知,屏蔽料挤出片材制备工艺中挤出温度和螺杆转速是影响屏蔽料表面光洁度的关键参数,挤出温度和螺杆转速的选择需要考虑基体树脂会受到温度和剪切摩擦的影响进而导致预交联的行为,同时也要保证足够的螺杆剪切力和剪切作用时间,使CB粒子能够充分分散,减小表面凸起的数量和尺寸。
(1)在双螺杆挤出造粒工艺中,挤出温度和螺杆转速的选择直接决定屏蔽料的电学和力学性能,优选的工艺参数为160℃的挤出温度和120 r/min的螺杆转速,该工艺条件能够有效提供合适的螺杆剪切作用力,增强导电炭黑与基体树脂的界面结合力,同时保持导电炭黑的高结构性。在该工艺参数下,屏蔽料在23℃和90℃下的体积电阻率分别为9.6 Ω·cm和265.0 Ω·cm,力学性能也较好。
(2)在单螺杆挤出片材工艺中,采用挤出温度为105℃和螺杆转速为50 r/min的参数组合,成功避免了屏蔽料表面出现直径大于50 μm的表面凸起,并有效防止了预交联现象的发生。
  • 南方电网公司科技项目(031900KK52210018(GDKJXM20210085))
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2025年第58卷第3期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.03.006
  • 接收时间:2024-05-20
  • 首发时间:2025-11-07
  • 出版时间:2025-03-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-20
  • 修回日期:2024-07-08
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南方电网公司科技项目(031900KK52210018(GDKJXM20210085))
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    1 广东电网有限责任公司东莞供电局,广东 东莞 523120
    2 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司,广东 广州 510663
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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