Article(id=1192878365066543436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1192878363166523716, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.01.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1702310400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-12, revisedDate=1717516800000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762333964840, onlineDateStr=2025-11-05, pubDate=1737302400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762333964840, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762333964840, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762333964840, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1192878363166523716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2025', volume='58', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762333964387, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762334342663, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1192879949821395698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1192878363166523716, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1192879949821395699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1192878363166523716, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=123, endPage=129, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1192878365314007374, articleId=1192878365066543436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Electric field distribution characteristics and discharge ablation mechanism of insulated conductors considering tree barrier types, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

After the occurrence of line tree barriers, it is difficult to successfully reclose the line, which can easily cause line shutdown. There are multiple major power outages caused by tree barriers both at home and abroad, but the electric field distribution characteristics and discharge mechanism of insulated conductors with different types of tree barrier are still unclear. Therefore, electrostatic field models of insulated conductors with different types of tree barrier were established on the basis of finite element theory in this paper, and the erosion mechanism of tree barrier discharge was revealed according to the obtained electric field distribution and gas-solid discharge theory. The results show that the tree barrier types of insulated conductor are mainly divided into four categories: single side wedge-shaped penetration defects, flat cut defects, double wedge-shaped penetration defects, and critical contact between wood throns and defects tree barrier-wire types. The electric field undergoes distortion at the defects of tree barrier, and the wedge-shaped penetration defects can cause gas breakdown and discharge at the site of tree branch-insulation wire, which poses the greatest damage to the surface of insulation wire and the erosion of tree branches. The field strength at the defect site is affected by the degree of defect and air gap, and the maximum electric field strength of the wood thorn penetrating into the insulation layer is 2.64 times higher than that of the wood thorn penetrating only into the shielding layer. The wind disturbance causes the critical contact between the wood thorn and defect to generate air gap, and its electric field is 2.54 times higher than that without air gap (5.65 kV/mm). The research results provide a theoretical basis for different types of tree barrier defense methods, avoiding the drawbacks of cutting tree indiscriminately.

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线路树障发生后线路重合闸难以成功,极容易造成线路停运,国内外已发生了多起因树障而导致的电网大停电事故,但不同树障类型的绝缘导线电场分布特性及放电机制尚不清晰。因此,本文基于有限元理论,建立不同树障类型的绝缘导线静电场模型,根据所得电场分布及气固放电理论揭示树障放电烧蚀机制。结果表明:绝缘导线树障类型主要分为4类,单侧楔形刺入缺陷、平切缺陷、双楔形刺入缺陷、木刺与缺陷临界接触的树障-导线类型;电场在树障缺陷处均发生了畸变,楔形刺入缺陷可导致树枝-绝缘导线处发生气体击穿放电,对绝缘导线表面及树枝的烧蚀危害最大。缺陷处场强受缺陷程度及气隙的影响,木刺深入绝缘层的最大电场强度比仅刺入屏蔽层的增加了2.64倍;风吹扰动导致木刺与缺陷临界接触产生气隙,其电场相比无气隙情况下的5.65 kV/mm增加了2.54倍。研究结果对不同类型树障防御方法提供理论依据,避免了无差别砍伐树木的弊端。

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刘刚(1988-),男(汉族),江苏泗阳人,高级工程师,主要从事智能配网运维检修技术的研究;

乔新涵(1992-),男(汉族),江苏徐州人,讲师,博士(后),主要从事电力设备故障诊断技术的研究。

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刘刚(1988-),男(汉族),江苏泗阳人,高级工程师,主要从事智能配网运维检修技术的研究;

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刘刚(1988-),男(汉族),江苏泗阳人,高级工程师,主要从事智能配网运维检修技术的研究;

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China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1193252870972736460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, authorId=1193252870855295945, language=CN, stringName=乔新涵, firstName=新涵, middleName=null, lastName=乔, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4.中国矿业大学,江苏 徐州 221116, bio={"content":"

乔新涵(1992-),男(汉族),江苏徐州人,讲师,博士(后),主要从事电力设备故障诊断技术的研究。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

乔新涵(1992-),男(汉族),江苏徐州人,讲师,博士(后),主要从事电力设备故障诊断技术的研究。

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Analysis of erosion causes of overhead insulated conductors in Fujian offshore distribution network[J]. Insulating Materials,2021,54(3):78-83., articleTitle=Analysis of erosion causes of overhead insulated conductors in Fujian offshore distribution network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252874567254041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=100, pageEnd=104, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=AGARWAL H K, MUKHERJEE K, BARNA P, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= AGARWAL H K, MUKHERJEE K, BARNA P. Partially and fully insulated conductor systems for low and medium voltage over head distribution lines[C]//2013 IEEE 1st International Conference on Condition Assessment Techniques in Electrical Systems.Kolkata, India: IEEE,2013:100-104., articleTitle=Partially and fully insulated conductor systems for low and medium voltage over head distribution lines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252874651140123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=196, pageEnd=197, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=蔡韧, journalName=通讯世界, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蔡韧.10 kV绝缘导线全面应用综合分析[J].通讯世界,2018(3): 196-197., articleTitle=10 kV绝缘导线全面应用综合分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252874709860381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=196, pageEnd=197, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=CAI Ren, journalName=Telecom World, refType=null, unstructuredReference= CAI Ren. Comprehensive analysis of comprehensive application of 10 kV insulated conductors[J]. Telecom World,2018(3):196-197., articleTitle=Comprehensive analysis of comprehensive application of 10 kV insulated conductors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252874781163551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=DONG M, SUN Z, WANG C, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= DONG M, SUN Z, WANG C. A Pattern recognition method for partial discharge detection on insulated overhead conductors[C]//2019 IEEE Canadian Conference of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Edmonton, Canada:IEEE,2019:1-4., articleTitle=A Pattern recognition method for partial discharge detection on insulated overhead conductors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252874860855329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=498, pageEnd=501, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=THOMAS A J, IYYAPPAN C, REDDY C C, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= THOMAS A J, IYYAPPAN C, REDDY C C. Surface voltage measurement of XLPE insulated covered overhead conductor[C]//2020 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials.Tokyo, Japan: IEEE,2020:498-501., articleTitle=Surface voltage measurement of XLPE insulated covered overhead conductor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252874932158499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=5, pageStart=106, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=方春华, 胡涛, 徐鑫, journalName=应用激光, refType=null, unstructuredReference=方春华,胡涛,徐鑫,等.激光清除树障温度和效率影响因素分析[J].应用激光,2024,44(5):106-114., articleTitle=激光清除树障温度和效率影响因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252875016044581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=5, pageStart=106, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=FANG Chunhua, HU Tao, XU Xin, journalName=Applied Laser, refType=null, unstructuredReference= FANG Chunhua, HU Tao, XU Xin, et al. Analysis of factors affecting temperature and efficiency of laser clearing tree obstacles[J]. Applied Laser,2024,44(5):106-114., articleTitle=Analysis of factors affecting temperature and efficiency of laser clearing tree obstacles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252875074764839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=14, pageStart=87, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=何卓阳, 马斯维, 靳函通, journalName=电工技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何卓阳,马斯维,靳函通.无人机倾斜摄影测220 kV输电线路树障的研究[J].电工技术,2021(14):87-88., articleTitle=无人机倾斜摄影测220 kV输电线路树障的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252875150262313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=14, pageStart=87, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=10, authorNames=HE Zhuoyang, MA Siwei, JIN Hantong, journalName=Electric Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference= HE Zhuoyang, MA Siwei, JIN Hantong. Research on tree obstacles in 220 kV transmission lines measured by UAV tilt photography[J]. Electric Engineering,2021(14):87-88., articleTitle=Research on tree obstacles in 220 kV transmission lines measured by UAV tilt photography, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252875225759787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=99, pageEnd=103, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=沈明松, 曾绍攀, 廖振陆, journalName=自动化技术与应用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=沈明松,曾绍攀,廖振陆.输电线路通道树障生长风险预判系统[J].自动化技术与应用,2022,41(4):99-103., articleTitle=输电线路通道树障生长风险预判系统, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252875305451565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=99, pageEnd=103, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=12, authorNames=SHEN Mingsong, ZENG Shaopan, LIAO Zhenlu, journalName=Techniques of Automation and Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference= SHEN Mingsong, ZENG Shaopan, LIAO Zhenlu. Risk prediction system for tree obstacle growth in transmission line channels[J]. Techniques of Automation and Applications,2022,41(4):99-103., articleTitle=Risk prediction system for tree obstacle growth in transmission line channels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252875376754735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=22, pageStart=55, pageEnd=58,63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=徐真, 者梅林, 孙斌, journalName=电子设计工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐真,者梅林,孙斌.基于三维成像激光雷达技术的输电线路树障预测模型[J].电子设计工程,2021,29(22):55-58,63., articleTitle=基于三维成像激光雷达技术的输电线路树障预测模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252875448057905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=22, pageStart=55, pageEnd=58,63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=14, authorNames=XU Zhen, Meilin ZHE, SUN Bin, journalName=Electronic Design Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference= XU Zhen, Meilin ZHE, SUN Bin. Tree obstacle prediction model for transmission lines based on 3D imaging LiDAR technology[J]. Electronic Design Engineering,2021,29(22):55-58,63., articleTitle=Tree obstacle prediction model for transmission lines based on 3D imaging LiDAR technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252875565498418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=白超, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=白超.韶关城区中压配电网故障率研究及其降低措施实践[D].广州:广东工业大学,2021., articleTitle=韶关城区中压配电网故障率研究及其降低措施实践, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252875624218676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=16, authorNames=BAI Chao, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= BAI Chao. Research on failure rate of medium voltage distribution network in Shaoguan City and its reduction measures[D]. Guangzhou: Guangdong University of Technology,2021., articleTitle=Research on failure rate of medium voltage distribution network in Shaoguan City and its reduction measures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252875699716150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=梁远朋, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁远朋.架空绑扎绝缘导线局部放电特性及缺陷检测研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2022., articleTitle=架空绑扎绝缘导线局部放电特性及缺陷检测研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252875775213623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=18, authorNames=LIANG Yuanpeng, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LIANG Yuanpeng. Study on the characteristics and defect detection of partial discharge of overhead insulated conductors[D]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology,2022., articleTitle=Study on the characteristics and defect detection of partial discharge of overhead insulated conductors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252875846516793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=56, issue=3, pageStart=107, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=19, authorNames=刘云鹏, 陈旭彬, 刘贺晨, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘云鹏,陈旭彬,刘贺晨,等.配网复合绝缘横担防雷试验研究及耐雷水平计算[J].绝缘材料,2023,56(3):107-114., articleTitle=配网复合绝缘横担防雷试验研究及耐雷水平计算, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252875930402875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=56, issue=3, pageStart=107, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=20, authorNames=LIU Yunpeng, CHEN Xubin, LIU Hechen, journalName=Insulating Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LIU Yunpeng, CHEN Xubin, LIU Hechen, et al. Research on lightning protection test and lightning resistance level calculation of composite insulation cross arm in distribution network[J]. Insulating Materials,2023,56(3):107-114., articleTitle=Research on lightning protection test and lightning resistance level calculation of composite insulation cross arm in distribution network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252875993317437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=48, issue=8, pageStart=2057, pageEnd=2063, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=21, authorNames=赵海龙, 黄松, journalName=计算机与数字工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵海龙,黄松.110 kV输电线路树木临近时电场变化规律与临界击穿距离研究[J].计算机与数字工程,2020,48(8):2057-2063., articleTitle=110 kV输电线路树木临近时电场变化规律与临界击穿距离研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252876060426303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=48, issue=8, pageStart=2057, pageEnd=2063, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=22, authorNames=ZHAO Hailong, HUANG Song, journalName=Computer & Digital Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference= ZHAO Hailong, HUANG Song. Research on the variation law of electric field and critical breakdown distance when trees approach 110 kV transmission lines[J]. Computer & Digital Engineering,2020,48(8):2057-2063., articleTitle=Research on the variation law of electric field and critical breakdown distance when trees approach 110 kV transmission lines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252876135923777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=23, authorNames=WU Y, YU B, HE T, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference= WU Y, YU B, HE T, et al. Breakdown in insulation layer of 10 kV overhead insulated conductor[C]//2023 IEEE 4th International Conference on Electrical Materials and Power Equipment. Shanghai, China: IEEE,2023:1-4., articleTitle=Breakdown in insulation layer of 10 kV overhead insulated conductor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252876215615555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=74, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=24, authorNames=侯永洪, journalName=电工技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=侯永洪.架空输电线路超高树木临近时电场分布特征研究[J]. 电工技术,2020(7):74-77., articleTitle=架空输电线路超高树木临近时电场分布特征研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252876278530117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=74, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=25, authorNames=HOU Yonghong, journalName=Electric Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference= HOU Yonghong. Research on the distribution characteristics of electric field near ultra-high trees in overhead transmission lines[J]. Electric Engineering,2020(7):74-77., articleTitle=Research on the distribution characteristics of electric field near ultra-high trees in overhead transmission lines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252876349833287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=11, pageStart=11, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=26, authorNames=金勋俊, 李端玲, journalName=林业机械与木工设备, refType=null, unstructuredReference=金勋俊,李端玲.输电线路树木修枝机械的研究现状与发展趋势[J].林业机械与木工设备,2022,50(11):11-17., articleTitle=输电线路树木修枝机械的研究现状与发展趋势, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252876416942153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=11, pageStart=11, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=27, authorNames=JIN Xunjun, LI Duanling, journalName=Forestry Machinery & Woodworking Equipment, refType=null, unstructuredReference= JIN Xunjun, LI Duanling. Research status and development trends of tree pruning machinery for transmission lines[J]. Forestry Machinery & Woodworking Equipment,2022,50(11):11-17., articleTitle=Research status and development trends of tree pruning machinery for transmission lines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252876496633931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=74, pageEnd=76, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=28, authorNames=李振华, 张波, 华献宏, journalName=电工电气, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李振华,张波,华献宏,等.10 kV架空绝缘导线和树木摩擦放电检测研究[J].电工电气,2020(6):74-76., articleTitle=10 kV架空绝缘导线和树木摩擦放电检测研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193252876580520013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878365066543436, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=74, pageEnd=76, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=29, authorNames=LI Zhenhua, ZHANG Bo, HUA Xianhong, journalName=Electrotechnics Electric, refType=null, unstructuredReference= LI Zhenhua, ZHANG Bo, HUA Xianhong, et al. Research on friction discharge detection of 10 kV overhead insulated conductors and trees[J]. 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材料 相对介电常数
树木 5
空气 1
导体(铝) 8 000
绝缘层(HDPE) 2.3
屏蔽层 30
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仿真模型各材料相对介电常数

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材料 相对介电常数
树木 5
空气 1
导体(铝) 8 000
绝缘层(HDPE) 2.3
屏蔽层 30
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计及树障类型的绝缘导线电场分布特性及放电烧蚀机制
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刘刚 1 , 陶玺元 2 , 李昊洋 3 , 张圆明 1 , 李瑞 1 , 乔新涵 4
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2025,58(1): 123-129
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绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2025, 58(1): 123-129
计及树障类型的绝缘导线电场分布特性及放电烧蚀机制
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刘刚1, 陶玺元2, 李昊洋3, 张圆明1, 李瑞1, 乔新涵4
作者信息
  • 1.国网宿迁供电公司,江苏 宿迁 223800
  • 2.三峡大学,湖北 宜昌 443002
  • 3.香港理工大学,香港 999072
  • 4.中国矿业大学,江苏 徐州 221116
  • 刘刚(1988-),男(汉族),江苏泗阳人,高级工程师,主要从事智能配网运维检修技术的研究;

    乔新涵(1992-),男(汉族),江苏徐州人,讲师,博士(后),主要从事电力设备故障诊断技术的研究。

Electric field distribution characteristics and discharge ablation mechanism of insulated conductors considering tree barrier types
Gang LIU1, Xiyuan TAO2, Haoyang LI3, Yuanming ZHANG1, Rui LI1, Xinhan QIAO4
Affiliations
  • 1. State Grid Suqian Power Supply Company, Suqian 223800, China
  • 2. China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
  • 3. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999072, China
  • 4. China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
出版时间: 2025-01-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.01.015
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线路树障发生后线路重合闸难以成功,极容易造成线路停运,国内外已发生了多起因树障而导致的电网大停电事故,但不同树障类型的绝缘导线电场分布特性及放电机制尚不清晰。因此,本文基于有限元理论,建立不同树障类型的绝缘导线静电场模型,根据所得电场分布及气固放电理论揭示树障放电烧蚀机制。结果表明:绝缘导线树障类型主要分为4类,单侧楔形刺入缺陷、平切缺陷、双楔形刺入缺陷、木刺与缺陷临界接触的树障-导线类型;电场在树障缺陷处均发生了畸变,楔形刺入缺陷可导致树枝-绝缘导线处发生气体击穿放电,对绝缘导线表面及树枝的烧蚀危害最大。缺陷处场强受缺陷程度及气隙的影响,木刺深入绝缘层的最大电场强度比仅刺入屏蔽层的增加了2.64倍;风吹扰动导致木刺与缺陷临界接触产生气隙,其电场相比无气隙情况下的5.65 kV/mm增加了2.54倍。研究结果对不同类型树障防御方法提供理论依据,避免了无差别砍伐树木的弊端。

树障类型  /  绝缘导线  /  电场分布  /  放电烧蚀

After the occurrence of line tree barriers, it is difficult to successfully reclose the line, which can easily cause line shutdown. There are multiple major power outages caused by tree barriers both at home and abroad, but the electric field distribution characteristics and discharge mechanism of insulated conductors with different types of tree barrier are still unclear. Therefore, electrostatic field models of insulated conductors with different types of tree barrier were established on the basis of finite element theory in this paper, and the erosion mechanism of tree barrier discharge was revealed according to the obtained electric field distribution and gas-solid discharge theory. The results show that the tree barrier types of insulated conductor are mainly divided into four categories: single side wedge-shaped penetration defects, flat cut defects, double wedge-shaped penetration defects, and critical contact between wood throns and defects tree barrier-wire types. The electric field undergoes distortion at the defects of tree barrier, and the wedge-shaped penetration defects can cause gas breakdown and discharge at the site of tree branch-insulation wire, which poses the greatest damage to the surface of insulation wire and the erosion of tree branches. The field strength at the defect site is affected by the degree of defect and air gap, and the maximum electric field strength of the wood thorn penetrating into the insulation layer is 2.64 times higher than that of the wood thorn penetrating only into the shielding layer. The wind disturbance causes the critical contact between the wood thorn and defect to generate air gap, and its electric field is 2.54 times higher than that without air gap (5.65 kV/mm). The research results provide a theoretical basis for different types of tree barrier defense methods, avoiding the drawbacks of cutting tree indiscriminately.

tree barrier type  /  insulated conductor  /  electric field distribution  /  discharge ablation
刘刚, 陶玺元, 李昊洋, 张圆明, 李瑞, 乔新涵. 计及树障类型的绝缘导线电场分布特性及放电烧蚀机制. 绝缘材料, 2025 , 58 (1) : 123 -129 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.01.015
Gang LIU, Xiyuan TAO, Haoyang LI, Yuanming ZHANG, Rui LI, Xinhan QIAO. Electric field distribution characteristics and discharge ablation mechanism of insulated conductors considering tree barrier types[J]. Insulating Materials, 2025 , 58 (1) : 123 -129 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.01.015
目前配电网中大量采用绝缘导线[1],主要目的是为了进一步加强绝缘,以减少线路附近树枝等引发的放电,进而导致线路跳闸等故障[2-5]。树障是指过于靠近导线、甚至楔入绝缘层等造成线路绝缘下降、易诱发放电的树枝。常见的树木高度与10 kV绝缘导线架空线路的高度相近、甚至超过线路高度,很容易成为树障[6-9]
尽管采用了绝缘导线,但是绝缘导线树障、放电等问题仍然没有杜绝[10-12];相反,出现了绝缘导线烧蚀的问题,例如宿迁本部10 kV付物125线多次在恶劣天气下发生跳闸、“电压不稳”等故障,但经检查没找到原因,之后在对该线路架空导线接续点修剪树木过程中,发现该线路上67~1#杆树干与绝缘导线接触处已有长度为10 cm左右的枝干烧焦。
因此,一些学者对输配电线缆树障和绝缘导线击穿特性进行了研究[13-17]。文献[13]建立了实际110 kV线路树木临近的三维仿真模型,以流注起始场强作为间隙临界击穿的判据,结果表明为避免树木发生闪络故障,树木与导线距离应大于0.42 m。文献[14]研究了10 kV架空绝缘导体的工频击穿特性,结果表明架空绝缘导体的结构对击穿特性的影响主要取决于绝缘层材料的绝缘性能;最后利用威布尔分布和肖特基热发射模型分析了架空绝缘导体的击穿特性,结果表明磁场和温度分布会影响阴极注入电流密度,进而影响击穿特性。文献[17]对10 kV架空绝缘导线和树木摩擦放电进行检测研究,结果表明部分绝缘导线长时间运行在树枝中间,导线外表面与树枝产生摩擦,造成绝缘导线绝缘层损伤,严重时绝缘导线会对树枝放电,危及架空绝缘导线线路的安全运行。
以上研究均取得了重要的成果,但现实中树障类型复杂,目前针对不同树障类型的绝缘导线电场分布特性及放电烧蚀机理的研究尚处于空白状态。因此,本文对计及树障类型的绝缘导线电场分布特性及放电烧蚀机制进行研究,研究结果可为树障的防护提供理论依据,显著提升配网树障灾害的防御能力,减少配网线路对树枝放电闪络事故的发生,从而保证电网安全可靠运行水平。
在宿迁电网辖区调研了典型10 kV绝缘导线树障类型,部分树障类型调研图片如图1所示。
根据调研结果,常见的树障类型主要分为以下4类:第1类情况如图1(a)所示,绝缘导线位于较为粗壮的树杈之间,树杈对导线的物理磨损在导线不同位置和角度都产生了影响并导致绝缘破损。第2类情况如图1(b)所示,树杈枝、单根树枝与绝缘导线刚好接触,相比于第1类情况,物理磨损导致的绝缘破损程度较轻,但是破损点较多。第3类情况如图1(c)所示,绝缘导线位于粗壮树枝单侧,树枝与导线因为风力、生长等因素,造成了相对严重的单侧物理磨损缺陷。以上3类情况的绝缘破损多为平切类型磨损缺陷,部分为刺入缺陷。第4类情况如图1(d)所示,植被密度大且生有棘刺,此类情况除了平切缺陷外,还将大幅增加树枝木刺深入导线绝缘层的概率。
依据上述分析,本文根据树枝空间几何形状建立不同的“绝缘导线+树枝”空间电场计算有限元模型,计算典型树枝形状下绝缘导线附近空间电场分布与畸变情况。
由于配电线路线缆尺寸与杆塔、树冠高度(约为8~10 m)差距过大,本文仅考虑枝干局部进行建模,且树枝等效为接地良导体。根据GB/T 14049—2008的要求,对于额定电压为10 kV的架空绝缘电缆,取绝缘层厚度为2.5 mm,绝缘屏蔽厚度为1 mm,相对介电常数为2.5~3.5,仿真中取值为2.3。活性树木材料的相对介电常数为2~10[13],本文取值为5。屏蔽层的相对介电常数取30[18],其余相对介电常数取值见表1
根据上述调研结果及分析,建立4大类树障模型,如图2所示,其中图2(a)表示单侧树枝木刺楔形刺入导线的模型;图2(b)表示单侧树枝磨损平切导线模型;图2(c)表示树杈双楔形木刺刺入导线模型;图2(d)表示树枝木刺与缺陷临界接触的模型。
对于树障条件下绝缘导线电场仿真有限元模型,施加电压激励为交流电压,交流电压产生的电场是时变的,为准静电场。准静电场计算可归为静电场计算问题,静电场中各点的电场强度等于该点电势梯度的负值,公式表达如式(1)所示。
E = - × φ
式(1)中: E为电场强度,单位为 V / m φ表示电势,单位为V。
根据麦克斯韦方程组微分形式及其辅助方程,可得式(2)
ε E = ρ
式(2)中: ε表示介质的相对介电常数; ρ为电荷体密度,单位为 C / m 3
联立式(1)式(2)得到泊松方程,如式(3)所示。
2 φ = - ρ ε
当电荷体密度 ρ为0时,可得到拉普拉斯方程,如式(4)所示。
2 φ = 0
在树障条件下,绝缘导线模型中的电荷体密度 ρ为0,因此本文中树障条件下绝缘导线电场的求解问题可以利用拉普拉斯方程(式(4))进行求解。
利用拉普拉斯方程和边界条件将树障条件下绝缘导线的二维电场的求解问题转化为以下的边值问题,如式(5)所示。
x φ x + y φ y = 0 ,   ( x , y ) Ω φ = U 0 x , y ,   ( x , y ) Γ 1 φ n = 0 ,   ( x , y ) Γ 2 ( ε 1 φ n ) - = ( ε 2 φ n ) + ,   ( x , y ) Γ 3
式(5)中: Ω为求解域; Γ 1为电位已知的边界线; Γ 2为电位的法向导数为零的边界线; Γ 3为不同介质的交界线;ε 1ε 2分别表示两种介质的介电常数;U 0(xy)表示电势分布函数;n表示法向方向。
求解可得计算域内电势和电场分布,以平切缺陷的树障-导线类型为例,计算得到电势分布如图3所示。
根据前文所述方法,计算得到单侧楔形刺入缺陷的树障-导线类型、平切缺陷的树障-导线类型、双楔形刺入缺陷的树障-导线类型的电场分布如图4所示。从图4可以看出,不论是哪种类型的缺陷,在缺陷处电场均发生了畸变。但仅从电场云图中无法看出内绝缘和外绝缘之间最大场强的具体数值。因此,本文提取缺陷处树枝与绝缘导线交界面的电场强度,得到图5所示的缺陷处电场分布曲线。
先从内绝缘部分进行分析,内绝缘即绝缘介质内部电场强度,即图中阴影部分。从图5可以看出,在楔形刺入缺陷的尖峰位置内绝缘电场强度最大,达到了9.08 kV/mm;平切缺陷的内绝缘电场强度峰值虽然最小,但是也达到了3.05 kV/mm。
再从外绝缘方面进行分析,外绝缘即导体或树枝与空气接触的部分。从图5可以看出,楔形刺入缺陷的外绝缘最大电场强度达到5.65 kV/mm,已经完全超过空气间隙的最大击穿场强,因此在这种情况下会发生放电。即使是电场最小的平切缺陷,外绝缘最大电场强度也达到了2.65 kV/mm,非常接近均匀电场下的空气击穿场强,而在这种电场畸变的情况下,实际上已经达到了放电的起始场强。
因此,从外绝缘角度分析,楔形刺入缺陷可导致树枝-绝缘导线处发生气体击穿放电,对绝缘导线表面及树枝的烧蚀危害最大。
根据前文所述方法,以单侧楔形刺入缺陷的树障-导线类型为例,计算得到不同缺陷程度下的电场分布如图6所示。从图6可以看出,楔形缺陷刺入深度大幅增加了缺陷处内绝缘电场峰值,楔形木刺深入绝缘层的最大电场强度由仅刺入屏蔽层的9.08 kV/mm增加到33.02 kV/mm,增加了2.64倍。而外绝缘的最大电场强度有所降低,降低为3.75 kV/mm,但也已经超过了空气间隙的最大击穿场强3.0 kV/mm。
根据前文所述方法,计算得到木刺与缺陷临界接触的树障-导线类型电场分布,如图7所示。
图7可以看出,由于风吹扰动导致的木刺与缺陷临界接触产生气隙,大幅增加了外绝缘的电场强度,树枝侧和绝缘层侧的最大场强分别增加到20.02 kV/mm和18.38 kV/mm,最大场强值相比无气隙情况下的5.65 kV/mm增加了2.54倍,此种情况亦会造成外绝缘放电。
根据前文电场特性分析结果以及电缆绝缘材料的实际击穿强度,得到图8所示的树障放电烧蚀机制分析图。从图8可以看出,应用线缆绝缘层的击穿场强要比本征击穿强度小很多,其原因主要在于厚度效应和杂质的混入等。线缆材料在交流情况下的绝缘击穿强度为70 kV/mm左右,只有其本征击穿强度的十分之一,而实际运行中的线缆绝缘层击穿强度更低,只有本征击穿强度的百分之一。
结合前文的绝缘电场计算结果分析可知,树障放电烧蚀主要由两方面引起:一是沿面气体放电产生的电弧引燃了树木或绝缘层;二是绝缘层本身的电击穿导致绝缘层烧蚀,使绝缘层自燃及引燃导线处树木。
以沿面气体放电引燃树木为例进行树障发展过程分析。图9(a)为树障-空气间隙放电初始发展过程。
后期调研发现,该树障与导线交界处的导线绝缘层多处破损,且放电发生于阴雨天。阴雨天树木本体与树枝受潮,大幅降低沿面电阻,且放电发生于空气中,属于沿面放电范畴,F A M RIZK[19]和L TANG等[20]试验结果表明电弧起始的电场强度在4.5~12 kV/cm范围内,而该工况下的外绝缘电场计算最大值为2.65 kV/mm,完全达到了沿面放电的起始场强。从图9(a)中可以看出,外绝缘放电是持续不断的过程,且放电程度逐渐严重,沿面放电电弧温度可达上千摄氏度,反复的放电足以烘干树枝并引燃,图9(b)为树障-放电引发的明火。
综上,沿面气体放电电弧引燃树木或绝缘层、绝缘层本身的电击穿导致的绝缘层烧蚀是树障绝缘导线放电烧蚀的两大原因,而阴雨天气和绝缘破损将增加树障放电概率。
本文对10 kV绝缘导线-树障类型进行了调研,进一步基于有限元理论对计及树障类型的绝缘导线电场分布特性及放电烧蚀机制进行了研究,得到以下结论:
(1)本文研究的4种树障类型在缺陷处的电场均发生了畸变,从外绝缘角度分析,单侧楔形刺入缺陷可导致树枝-绝缘导线处发生气体击穿放电,对绝缘导线表面及树枝的烧蚀危害最大。
(2)缺陷处场强受缺陷程度及气隙的影响,单侧楔形缺陷刺入深度大幅增加了缺陷处内绝缘电场峰值,楔形木刺深入绝缘层的最大电场强度由仅刺入屏蔽层的9.08 kV/mm增加到33.02 kV/mm,增加了2.64倍。由于风吹扰动导致的木刺与缺陷临界接触产生气隙,也大幅增加了外绝缘的电场强度,树枝侧和绝缘层侧的最大场强分别增加到20.02 kV/mm和18.38 kV/mm,最大值相比无气隙情况下的5.65 kV/mm增加了2.54倍。
(3)树障放电烧蚀主要由两方面引起:一是沿面气体放电产生的电弧引燃了树木或绝缘层;二是绝缘层本身的电击穿导致绝缘层烧蚀,使绝缘层自燃及引燃导线处树木。
  • 国网宿迁公司科技项目(苏电工(2023)93号)
  • 中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2023M732412)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023QN1006)
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2025年第58卷第1期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.01.015
  • 接收时间:2023-12-12
  • 首发时间:2025-11-05
  • 出版时间:2025-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-12
  • 修回日期:2024-06-05
基金
国网宿迁公司科技项目(苏电工(2023)93号)
中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2023M732412)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023QN1006)
作者信息
    1.国网宿迁供电公司,江苏 宿迁 223800
    2.三峡大学,湖北 宜昌 443002
    3.香港理工大学,香港 999072
    4.中国矿业大学,江苏 徐州 221116
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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