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Article(id=1192878364173152503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1192878363166523716, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.01.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1709136000000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-29, revisedDate=1713888000000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762333964627, onlineDateStr=2025-11-05, pubDate=1737302400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762333964627, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762333964627, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762333964627, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1192878363166523716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2025', volume='58', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762333964387, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762334342663, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1192879949821395698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1192878363166523716, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1192879949821395699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1192878363166523716, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=137, endPage=144, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1192878364408033530, articleId=1192878364173152503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=A method for reducing partial discharge of GIS basin-type insulator and its application, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To reduce the partial discharge (PD) of the basin-type insulator in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), reduce the occurrence of insulation faults, and improve the safety and stability of GIS operation, we took the 252 kV basin-type insulator as the simulation analysis object. The basin-type insulators with and without grounding shield ring were conducted simulation calculation by Comsol software, and basin-type insulators with different sizes of grounding shield ring were conducted simulation comparison analysis. The insulating and mechanical properties of the basin-type insulator were further verified through experiments. The results show that adding a ground shield ring in the basin-type insulator can effectively improve the electric field in the wedge air gap region and significantly reduce the partial discharge value of the basin-type insulator.

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为降低气体绝缘全封闭组合电器（GIS）中的盆式绝缘子的局部放电，减少绝缘故障的产生，提高GIS运行的安全稳定性，本文以252 kV盆式绝缘子作为仿真分析对象，采用Comsol软件对含接地屏蔽环（简称“地屏环”）和不含地屏环的盆式绝缘子进行仿真计算，并对不同尺寸的地屏环进行仿真对比分析，通过试验进一步验证盆式绝缘子的绝缘性能及力学性能。结果表明：盆式绝缘子增加地屏环可有效改善楔形气隙区域电场并显著降低盆式绝缘子的局部放电值。

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佟维妍（1981-），女（满族），辽宁葫芦岛人，副教授，研究方向为绝缘研究及智能控制。
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刘东阳（1990-），男（汉族），辽宁沈阳人，工程师，研究方向为高压开关设备的研发及仿真。

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刘东阳（1990-），男（汉族），辽宁沈阳人，工程师，研究方向为高压开关设备的研发及仿真。

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刘东阳（1990-），男（汉族），辽宁沈阳人，工程师，研究方向为高压开关设备的研发及仿真。

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SF6 high-voltage electrical appliance design[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press,2003., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1193253192696820082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878364173152503, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193253192705208691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878364173152503, companyId=1193253192696820082, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. New Northeast Electric Group High Voltage Switchgear Equipment Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193253192713597300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878364173152503, companyId=1193253192696820082, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新东北电气集团高压开关有限公司沈阳电力科技开发分公司，辽宁 沈阳 110025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1193253192776511861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878364173152503, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193253192784900470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878364173152503, companyId=1193253192776511861, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 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label=Fig.5, caption=Cloud diagram of potential equivalent distribution of basin-type insulator with grounding shield ring, figureFileSmall=UpExLhe8AOKO3bMMdOW0DQ==, figureFileBig=si9yesFgzZqv0kDJzD/t9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193253196249395620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878364173152503, language=CN, label=图5, caption=含有地屏环的盆式绝缘子电位等值分布云图, figureFileSmall=UpExLhe8AOKO3bMMdOW0DQ==, figureFileBig=si9yesFgzZqv0kDJzD/t9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193253196312310181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878364173152503, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Tangential electric field comparison diagram on the convex side of basin-type insulator, figureFileSmall=3AY0XDelHwqzmcZ3u9U1ow==, figureFileBig=GNyJ5UJO+mRePPkn4TSQtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193253196375224742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878364173152503, language=CN, 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参数 数值
额定电压/kV 252
额定电流/A 4 000
额定工频短时耐受电压/kV 460
额定雷电冲击耐受电压/kV 1 050
闭锁压力/额定压力/MPa 0.4/0.5
设计压力/MPa 0.7
局部放电/pC ≤3
), ArticleFig(id=1193253199562895816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878364173152503, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

252 kV盆式绝缘子主要参数

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参数 数值
额定电压/kV 252
额定电流/A 4 000
额定工频短时耐受电压/kV 460
额定雷电冲击耐受电压/kV 1 050
闭锁压力/额定压力/MPa 0.4/0.5
设计压力/MPa 0.7
局部放电/pC ≤3
), ArticleFig(id=1193253199630004681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878364173152503, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Relative dielectric constant of 252 kV basin-type insulator components, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部件名称 相对介电常数
导体、地屏、壳体等金属件 1×1011
盆式绝缘子 6
SF6气体 1.000 5
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252 kV盆式绝缘子各部件相对介电常数

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部件名称 相对介电常数
导体、地屏、壳体等金属件 1×1011
盆式绝缘子 6
SF6气体 1.000 5
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部件名称 材料 弹性模量/Pa 泊松比 密度/(kg/m3)
盆式绝缘子 环氧树脂 1.1×1010 0.30 1 960
金属件 铝 7.1×1010 0.33 2 770
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252 kV盆式绝缘子材料属性

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部件名称 材料 弹性模量/Pa 泊松比 密度/(kg/m3)
盆式绝缘子 环氧树脂 1.1×1010 0.30 1 960
金属件 铝 7.1×1010 0.33 2 770
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项 目 电场强度最大值 0.4 MPa SF6气体绝缘下电场强度许用值[20]
无地屏环的盆式绝缘子 含地屏环的盆式绝缘子
凸侧沿面切向 8.6 8.8 12.2
凹侧沿面切向 11 11.3 12.2
凸侧矢量合成 11.7 10 —
凹侧矢量合成 10.4 7.1 —
壳体 21 11 16
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盆式绝缘子电场强度对比

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项 目 电场强度最大值 0.4 MPa SF6气体绝缘下电场强度许用值[20]
无地屏环的盆式绝缘子 含地屏环的盆式绝缘子
凸侧沿面切向 8.6 8.8 12.2
凹侧沿面切向 11 11.3 12.2
凸侧矢量合成 11.7 10 —
凹侧矢量合成 10.4 7.1 —
壳体 21 11 16
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φ/mm 12 14 16 18 20
凸侧沿面切向 8.75 8.77 8.79 8.81 8.83
凹侧沿面切向 11.28 11.31 11.33 11.37 11.40
凸侧矢量合成 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06
凹侧矢量合成 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6
壳体 10.8 10.2 9.6 9.1 8.5
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盆式绝缘子电场强度对比

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φ/mm 12 14 16 18 20
凸侧沿面切向 8.75 8.77 8.79 8.81 8.83
凹侧沿面切向 11.28 11.31 11.33 11.37 11.40
凸侧矢量合成 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06
凹侧矢量合成 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6
壳体 10.8 10.2 9.6 9.1 8.5
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D/mm 290 295 300 305 310
凸侧沿面切向 8.85 8.82 8.79 8.76 8.73
凹侧沿面切向 11.42 11.38 11.33 11.29 11.25
凸侧矢量合成 10.08 10.06 10.04 10.02 10.00
凹侧矢量合成 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.0
壳体 8.4 9.0 9.6 10.4 11.1
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盆式绝缘子电场强度对比

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D/mm 290 295 300 305 310
凸侧沿面切向 8.85 8.82 8.79 8.76 8.73
凹侧沿面切向 11.42 11.38 11.33 11.29 11.25
凸侧矢量合成 10.08 10.06 10.04 10.02 10.00
凹侧矢量合成 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.0
壳体 8.4 9.0 9.6 10.4 11.1
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一种降低GIS盆式绝缘子局部放电的方法及应用
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刘东阳 1 , 王瑶 1 , 佟维妍 2 , 赵俊卿 3
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2025,58(1): 137-144
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绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2025, 58(1): 137-144
一种降低GIS盆式绝缘子局部放电的方法及应用
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刘东阳1, 王瑶1, 佟维妍2, 赵俊卿3
作者信息
  • 1.新东北电气集团高压开关有限公司沈阳电力科技开发分公司，辽宁 沈阳 110025
  • 2.沈阳工业大学，辽宁 辽阳 111003
  • 3.辽宁高压电器产品质量检测有限公司，辽宁 沈阳 110027

    • 刘东阳（1990-），男（汉族），辽宁沈阳人，工程师，研究方向为高压开关设备的研发及仿真。

通讯作者:

佟维妍（1981-），女（满族），辽宁葫芦岛人，副教授，研究方向为绝缘研究及智能控制。
A method for reducing partial discharge of GIS basin-type insulator and its application
Dongyang LIU1, Yao WANG1, Weiyan TONG2, Junqing ZHAO3
Affiliations
  • 1. New Northeast Electric Group High Voltage Switchgear Equipment Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110025, China
  • 2. Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China
  • 3. Liaoning HV Electrical Products Quality Testing Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110027, China
出版时间: 2025-01-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.01.017
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摘要
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为降低气体绝缘全封闭组合电器（GIS）中的盆式绝缘子的局部放电，减少绝缘故障的产生，提高GIS运行的安全稳定性，本文以252 kV盆式绝缘子作为仿真分析对象，采用Comsol软件对含接地屏蔽环（简称“地屏环”）和不含地屏环的盆式绝缘子进行仿真计算，并对不同尺寸的地屏环进行仿真对比分析，通过试验进一步验证盆式绝缘子的绝缘性能及力学性能。结果表明：盆式绝缘子增加地屏环可有效改善楔形气隙区域电场并显著降低盆式绝缘子的局部放电值。

盆式绝缘子  /  局部放电  /  接地屏蔽环  /  仿真计算  /  绝缘性能

To reduce the partial discharge (PD) of the basin-type insulator in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), reduce the occurrence of insulation faults, and improve the safety and stability of GIS operation, we took the 252 kV basin-type insulator as the simulation analysis object. The basin-type insulators with and without grounding shield ring were conducted simulation calculation by Comsol software, and basin-type insulators with different sizes of grounding shield ring were conducted simulation comparison analysis. The insulating and mechanical properties of the basin-type insulator were further verified through experiments. The results show that adding a ground shield ring in the basin-type insulator can effectively improve the electric field in the wedge air gap region and significantly reduce the partial discharge value of the basin-type insulator.

basin-type insulator  /  partial discharge  /  grounding shield ring  /  simulation calculation  /  insulating properties
刘东阳, 王瑶, 佟维妍, 赵俊卿. 一种降低GIS盆式绝缘子局部放电的方法及应用. 绝缘材料, 2025 , 58 (1) : 137 -144 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.01.017
Dongyang LIU, Yao WANG, Weiyan TONG, Junqing ZHAO. A method for reducing partial discharge of GIS basin-type insulator and its application[J]. Insulating Materials, 2025 , 58 (1) : 137 -144 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.01.017
正文
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0 引言
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近些年，电力系统发展日新月异，输变电设备不断推陈出新，气体绝缘全封闭组合器（gas insula-ted switchgear，GIS）因其占地面积小、维护成本低、运行稳定可靠等优势，正逐步替代敞开式开关设备，并在电力系统中得到了广泛的认可与应用。GIS是一种由断路器、隔离开关、接地开关、互感器、进出线终端等电气元件组合而成的成套开关设备和控制设备。盆式绝缘子是GIS中最重要的绝缘件之一，一方面它使通有高电压、大电流的金属导体与地电位壳体之间的电气性能绝缘隔离，另一方面它起到将上述电气元件气室内的绝缘气体相互隔离的作用。因此，盆式绝缘子的绝缘性能和力学性能将直接影响到GIS的安全可靠性，从而影响整个电力系统的稳定[1-4]。
在电力系统运行故障的统计中，故障类型占比最高的是设备绝缘故障，而局部放电（简称“局放”）又是导致GIS发生绝缘故障的主要原因，尤其是在盆式绝缘子楔形气隙区域的局放现象，是导致盆式绝缘子沿面闪络的主要原因之一[5-6]。GIS设备带电局放检测是电网运维日常巡检最为有效的方式之一，它可以有效评估和判断GIS内部绝缘缺陷，对及时发现设备内部绝缘缺陷、避免电力事故发生有着十分重要的意义[7-9]。此外，GB/T 11022—2020《高压开关设备和控制设备标准的共用技术要求》以及GB/T 7674—2020《额定电压72.5 kV以上气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备》中的型式试验章节，对开关设备的最大允许局放值有明确的要求，GIS的最大允许局放值不超过5 pC，对环氧树脂浇注的隔板和支持绝缘子及其他绝缘件的要求更为严苛，最大允许局放值不超过3 pC。由此可见电力行业对于GIS设备局放的重视程度，因此降低GIS及盆式绝缘子的局放值是非常有必要的。
盆式绝缘子的仿真计算通常考核其沿面切向电场强度，它直接影响沿面闪络的形成，同时作为盆式绝缘子电气性能设计的基准。然而，盆式绝缘子的沿面矢量合成电场强度却经常被忽略，但它会对绝缘气体中带电粒子的运动造成影响，也会间接影响盆式绝缘子的局放值，因此对盆式绝缘子矢量合成电场强度值的考核也是必不可少的[10-12]。
本文以某新研制的252 kV GIS盆式绝缘子作为研究对象，该盆式绝缘子虽然顺利通过了相关冲击及水压摸底试验，但却在局放试验中发现会有个别盆式绝缘子局放值超标的问题。为了研究并解决这种局放异常情况，本文通过增加地屏环及调整尺寸的方式对盆式绝缘子进行结构优化和仿真计算，并通过相关试验对样机进行进一步验证。
1 仿真模型
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1.1 盆式绝缘子结构
本文采用三维有限元分析软件Comsol对盆式绝缘子进行仿真计算，通过调整关键尺寸并进行计算及对比分析，优化出符合绝缘要求的盆式绝缘子模型。
本文仿真所采用的模型是252 kV GIS中单相母线结构，其中包含盆式绝缘子、导体屏蔽罩及壳体等，如图1所示。盆式绝缘子外环设置了金属法兰，用来限制和支撑环氧树脂，同时还可以承受螺栓紧固时产生的预紧力，提升绝缘子的绝缘性能及力学性能[13-14]。
由于盆式绝缘子模型是轴对称结构，采用轴坐标平面分析的方法，对其轴截面的一半进行分析研究。
1.2 盆式绝缘子关键尺寸
图2为增加了地屏环的盆式绝缘子结构，其中壳体内径为H，地屏环直径为D，线径为φ。
1.3 盆式绝缘子主要参数
252 kV GIS盆式绝缘子的主要参数如表1所示。
1.4 电场强度计算模型
高电位与地电位间的绝缘气体间隙以及盆式绝缘子与绝缘气体的接触面满足拉普拉斯方程，方程如式（1）所示。
∇ ε r ε 0 ∇ u = 0 u 1 = 1050 u 2 = 0 ε r ε 0 ∂ u ∂ n = 0
式（1）中：u为电势；u1为高电位；u2为地电位；ε0为真空介电常数；εr为仿真模型中各部件材料的相对介电常数，详见表2。
电场域中各区域的电场强度可由静电场基本方程得到，如式（2）所示。
E = - ∇ u
式（2）中，E为理论计算的电场强度[15-17]。
在电场强度仿真中，边界条件设定为绝缘考核最严苛的雷电冲击耐压工况，即将导体、屏蔽罩及盆式绝缘子嵌件等高电位部件的电压设置为1 050 kV，将母线外壳、盆式绝缘子外法兰及地屏环等接地部件的电压设置为0 kV。
1.5 机械强度计算模型
在机械强度计算中，盆式绝缘子材料属性如表3所示。
根据最新GB/T 7674—2020的要求，在GIS运行工况下，盆式绝缘子的承压裕度应不小于其设计压力的3倍[18]，即对盆式绝缘子进行应力仿真及试验时，应在考核更严苛的盆子凹侧施加2.1 MPa压力，且在外金属法兰处进行固定约束。对于盆式绝缘子的机械强度考核，环氧树脂等脆性材料采用第一强度理论，铝及铝合金等塑性材料适合采用第四强度理论[19]。
1.6 计算模型网格划分
为了计算结果更加精确，且尽量节省计算时间，在计算模型进行网格剖分时，进行了局部细剖处理，尤其是在盆式绝缘子凹凸侧沿面、导体屏蔽罩及楔形气隙等关键区域，需要更为细致的网格剖分处理，细化后的计算模型如图3所示。
1.7 结构优化方案
本文以工程用252 kV SF6绝缘GIS的盆式绝缘子结构为基础，先对优化后含地屏环结构的盆式绝缘子进行仿真计算与优化前的盆式绝缘子进行对比分析，再通过控制变量法，分别对地屏环线径φ及直径D进行多组数据的仿真计算对比，最终得出最优结构方案。
2 仿真结果与分析
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2.1 屏蔽环对盆式绝缘子电场的影响
当壳体内径H取300 mm，地屏环直径D取300 mm，地屏环线径φ取10 mm时，根据本文1.4中的边界条件分别对现有不含地屏环的盆式绝缘子和含地屏环的盆式绝缘子进行电场仿真对比，其电位等值分布云图分别如图4和图5所示，盆式绝缘子凸凹侧表面的沿面切向电场强度对比分别如图6和图7所示，盆式绝缘子凸凹侧表面的矢量合成电场强度对比分别如图8和图9所示，楔形气隙区域壳体电场强度对比如图10所示，盆式绝缘子的电场强度汇总见表4。
从图4～10和表4可以看出，含有地屏环的盆式绝缘子的电位等值线在地屏环处出现明显的弯折，说明地屏环起到了较好的屏蔽效果。增加地屏环后，盆式绝缘子凸凹侧沿面切向电场强度略微增加，但都在电场强度许用值范围内，场强增大约0.3 kV/mm。增加地屏环后，盆式绝缘子凸凹侧矢量合成电场强度大幅减小，尤其是在靠近壳体侧，场强减小约9 kV/mm。此外，对于含有地屏环的盆式绝缘子，其壳体处的电场强度也降低了1倍左右。
2.2 地屏环参数及尺寸选择
由2.1仿真结果可知，增加地屏环对于盆式绝缘子是必要的，但对于地屏环的规格尺寸也需要考虑，通过控制变量法，对地屏环线径φ和直径D分别取值为12、14、16、18、20 mm和290、295、300、305、310 mm，当壳体内径H取300 mm时，将上述数据组建模并进行仿真对比，以得出最优的地屏环尺寸参数。
2.2.1 地屏环线径φ对电场的影响
当盆式绝缘子的地屏环线径φ分别取12、14、16、18、20 mm，地屏环直径D与壳体内径H均为300 mm时，仿真结果对比如图11～15所示，其中图11、图12分别为盆式绝缘子凸凹侧沿面切向电场强度对比，图13、图14分别为盆式绝缘子凸凹侧矢量合成电场强度对比，图15为壳体电场强度对比，盆式绝缘子电场强度汇总见表5。
从图11～15和表5可以看出，当盆式绝缘子的地屏环线径φ增加时，盆式绝缘子凸凹侧沿面切向电场强度和凸凹侧矢量合成电场强度均略微增加，壳体电场强度降低。虽然增加地屏环线径φ对盆式绝缘子绝缘性能略有提升，但考虑到增加地屏环线径会使盆式绝缘子的力学性能降低，因此地屏环线径φ并不是越大越好。
2.2.2 地屏环直径D对电场的影响
当盆式绝缘子的地屏环直径D分别取290、295、300、305、310 mm，地屏环φ取16 mm，壳体内径H为300 mm时，仿真结果对比如图16～20所示，其中图16、图17分别为盆式绝缘子凸凹侧沿面切向电场强度对比，图18、图19分别为盆式绝缘子凸凹侧矢量合成电场强度对比，图20为壳体电场强度对比，盆式绝缘子电场强度汇总见表6。
从图16～20和表6可以看出，当盆式绝缘子的地屏环直径D增加时，盆式绝缘子凸凹侧沿面切向电场强度和凸凹侧矢量合成电场强度均略微减小，壳体电场强度升高。虽然减小地屏环直径D对盆式绝缘子的绝缘性能略有提升，但考虑到减小地屏环直径会使盆式绝缘子的力学性能降低，因此地屏环直径D并不是越小越好。
综上所述，盆式绝缘子的地屏环选取折中尺寸，即线径φ为16 mm、直径D为300 mm作为盆式绝缘子优化方案。
2.3 力学性能仿真
对优化后的盆式绝缘子进行机械强度仿真计算，向应力考核更严苛的凹面施加2.1 MPa压力，得到盆式绝缘子最大主应力值为30.114 MPa，远小于环氧树脂材料的抗拉强度值60～70 MPa，满足力学性能要求，盆式绝缘子应力分布云图如图21所示。
3 试验验证
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3.1 绝缘试验验证
根据上述盆式绝缘子增加地屏环对其电场影响的分析，对优化后的含地屏环结构的252 kV GIS盆式绝缘子样机进行了雷电冲击试验及局放试验，试验顺利通过。绝缘试验样机如图22所示，该盆式绝缘子在460 kV下的局放试验结果为0.72 pC，满足标准要求（不大于3 pC），相比原不含地屏环结构的局放试验结果（8.73 pC）明显降低，验证了本文对盆式绝缘子增加地屏环的理论分析，并进一步验证了其结构设计的合理性。
3.2 机械试验验证
为了验证对新研制的含地屏环盆式绝缘子的力学性能，对新研制的盆式绝缘子进行了水压破坏试验，水压从大气压力逐步升至3.2 MPa，盆式绝缘子被破坏，其破坏压力远大于盆式绝缘子的3倍设计压力（2.1 MPa），说明新研制的盆式绝缘子具有很大的安全裕度，证明了其力学性能的可靠性。
4 结论
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本文对含地屏环和不含地屏环结构的252 kV盆式绝缘子电场强度进行了仿真计算，并针对不同尺寸的地屏环进行了仿真对比，得出以下结论：
（1）在盆式绝缘子中增加地屏环对其电场的分布影响较为明显，其中楔形气隙区域地电位法兰及沿面矢量合成电场有明显下降趋势，而且使得盆式绝缘子沿面切向电场的分布更加均匀。
（2）当地屏环线径φ增加时，盆式绝缘子沿面切向电场以及矢量合成电场强度随之增加，楔形气隙处壳体电场强度随之降低；当屏蔽环直径D增加时，盆式绝缘子沿面切向电场以及矢量合成电场强度随之降低，楔形气隙处壳体电场强度随之增加。
（3）结合理论计算及试验验证，增加地屏环后，盆式绝缘子的局放由8.73 pC降低到0.72 pC，说明降低楔形气隙区域的壳体法兰场强及沿面矢量合成场强，可以有效抑降低局放值。
（4）新研制的盆式绝缘子通过了绝缘试验及机械试验，验证了其结构设计的合理性。
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2025年第58卷第1期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.01.017
  • 接收时间：2024-02-29
  • 首发时间：2025-11-05
  • 出版时间：2025-01-20
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  • 收稿日期：2024-02-29
  • 修回日期：2024-04-24
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    1.新东北电气集团高压开关有限公司沈阳电力科技开发分公司，辽宁 沈阳 110025
    2.沈阳工业大学，辽宁 辽阳 111003
    3.辽宁高压电器产品质量检测有限公司，辽宁 沈阳 110027

通讯作者:

佟维妍（1981-），女（满族），辽宁葫芦岛人，副教授，研究方向为绝缘研究及智能控制。
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