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Article(id=1190369200024686776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1190365079976640655, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.07.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1722700800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-04, revisedDate=1729612800000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761735733275, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1752940800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761735733275, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761735733275, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761735733275, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190365079976640655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2025', volume='58', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='150', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761734750980, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761735924323, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190370001430348320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1190365079976640655, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190370001430348321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1190365079976640655, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=121, endPage=128, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190369200267956409, articleId=1190369200024686776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Influence of thermal ageing on electric strength of epoxy/glass fiber composites, columnId=1190369198472794288, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Insulation Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=

To investigate the thermal ageing mechanism of dry air core reactor encapsulated insulating materials at the molecular level, this study conducted 336-hour accelerated thermal ageing tests on epoxy/glass fiber composites at 180℃. The evolutionary characteristics of functional groups, molecular chain segment motions, activation energies, and AC electric strength of the epoxy/glass fiber composites after ageing were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, and AC electric strength test. The effect of the decrease in activation energy caused by the changes in chemical structure and the evolution of molecular chain segment movement properties during ageing on the AC electric strength was investigated. The results show that a lot of carbonyl groups and small molecular chains dominated by ester and ketone groups generate during the ageing process. These small molecule chains and polar groups greatly increase the free volume and the number of free electrons inside the epoxy matrix, so that the chain segment movement is gradually enhanced and the activation energy is reduced, which ultimately leads to a significant reduction in insulation capacity.

, articleAbstract=

To investigate the thermal ageing mechanism of dry air core reactor encapsulated insulating materials at the molecular level, this study conducted 336-hour accelerated thermal ageing tests on epoxy/glass fiber composites at 180℃. The evolutionary characteristics of functional groups, molecular chain segment motions, activation energies, and AC electric strength of the epoxy/glass fiber composites after ageing were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, and AC electric strength test. The effect of the decrease in activation energy caused by the changes in chemical structure and the evolution of molecular chain segment movement properties during ageing on the AC electric strength was investigated. The results show that a lot of carbonyl groups and small molecular chains dominated by ester and ketone groups generate during the ageing process. These small molecule chains and polar groups greatly increase the free volume and the number of free electrons inside the epoxy matrix, so that the chain segment movement is gradually enhanced and the activation energy is reduced, which ultimately leads to a significant reduction in insulation capacity.

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为探明干式空心电抗器包封绝缘材料在分子层面的热老化机理，本研究在180℃下对环氧/玻璃纤维复合材料进行了336 h的加速热老化试验，并采用红外光谱、介电谱及交流电气强度测试表征老化后环氧/玻璃纤维复合材料的官能团、分子链段运动、活化能及交流电气强度演变特性。模拟计算并探讨了老化过程中化学结构变化及分子链段运动特性演变导致的活化能下降对交流电气强度的影响。结果表明：老化过程中会产生大量以酯基、酮基为主的羰基基团和小分子链。这些小分子链和极性基团会极大增加环氧基体内部自由体积和自由电子数量，使链段运动逐渐增强，活化能降低，最终导致绝缘性能大幅下降。

, articleAbstract=

为探明干式空心电抗器包封绝缘材料在分子层面的热老化机理，本研究在180℃下对环氧/玻璃纤维复合材料进行了336 h的加速热老化试验，并采用红外光谱、介电谱及交流电气强度测试表征老化后环氧/玻璃纤维复合材料的官能团、分子链段运动、活化能及交流电气强度演变特性。模拟计算并探讨了老化过程中化学结构变化及分子链段运动特性演变导致的活化能下降对交流电气强度的影响。结果表明：老化过程中会产生大量以酯基、酮基为主的羰基基团和小分子链。这些小分子链和极性基团会极大增加环氧基体内部自由体积和自由电子数量，使链段运动逐渐增强，活化能降低，最终导致绝缘性能大幅下降。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王鹏飞（1995-），男（汉族），河南焦作人，博士生，主要从事高压电力设备绝缘老化及诊断的研究。
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张健（1981-），男（汉族），黑龙江哈尔滨人，教授级高级工程师，主要从事高电压设备智能运维技术的研究；

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张健（1981-），男（汉族），黑龙江哈尔滨人，教授级高级工程师，主要从事高电压设备智能运维技术的研究；

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张健（1981-），男（汉族），黑龙江哈尔滨人，教授级高级工程师，主要从事高电压设备智能运维技术的研究；

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波数/(cm-1)特征分布
2 930亚甲基中C-H键的伸缩振动
1 737非共轭酯中C=O键的伸缩振动
1 240C-O-Ψ的不对称伸缩振动
1 045C-O-Ψ的对称伸缩振动
), ArticleFig(id=1190960762471465562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1190369200024686776, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

FITR光谱特征峰分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
波数/(cm-1)特征分布
2 930亚甲基中C-H键的伸缩振动
1 737非共轭酯中C=O键的伸缩振动
1 240C-O-Ψ的不对称伸缩振动
1 045C-O-Ψ的对称伸缩振动
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热老化对环氧/玻璃纤维复合材料电气强度的影响
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张健 1 , 王鹏飞 2 , 李中原 1 , 刘骥 2 , 刘贺千 1 , 杨洪达 1
绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2025,58(7): 121-128
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绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2025, 58(7): 121-128
热老化对环氧/玻璃纤维复合材料电气强度的影响
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张健1, 王鹏飞2, 李中原1, 刘骥2, 刘贺千1, 杨洪达1
作者信息
  • 1.国网黑龙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030
  • 2.哈尔滨理工大学 工程电介质及其应用教育部重点实验室，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080

    • 张健（1981-），男（汉族），黑龙江哈尔滨人，教授级高级工程师，主要从事高电压设备智能运维技术的研究；

通讯作者:

王鹏飞（1995-），男（汉族），河南焦作人，博士生，主要从事高压电力设备绝缘老化及诊断的研究。
Influence of thermal ageing on electric strength of epoxy/glass fiber composites
Jian ZHANG1, Pengfei WANG2, Zhongyuan LI1, Ji LIU2, Heqian LIU1, Hongda YANG1
Affiliations
  • 1. Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Company Limited, Harbin 150030, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
出版时间: 2025-07-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.07.014
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摘要
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为探明干式空心电抗器包封绝缘材料在分子层面的热老化机理，本研究在180℃下对环氧/玻璃纤维复合材料进行了336 h的加速热老化试验，并采用红外光谱、介电谱及交流电气强度测试表征老化后环氧/玻璃纤维复合材料的官能团、分子链段运动、活化能及交流电气强度演变特性。模拟计算并探讨了老化过程中化学结构变化及分子链段运动特性演变导致的活化能下降对交流电气强度的影响。结果表明：老化过程中会产生大量以酯基、酮基为主的羰基基团和小分子链。这些小分子链和极性基团会极大增加环氧基体内部自由体积和自由电子数量，使链段运动逐渐增强，活化能降低，最终导致绝缘性能大幅下降。

干式空心电抗器  /  环氧/玻璃纤维复合材料  /  热老化  /  活化能

To investigate the thermal ageing mechanism of dry air core reactor encapsulated insulating materials at the molecular level, this study conducted 336-hour accelerated thermal ageing tests on epoxy/glass fiber composites at 180℃. The evolutionary characteristics of functional groups, molecular chain segment motions, activation energies, and AC electric strength of the epoxy/glass fiber composites after ageing were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, and AC electric strength test. The effect of the decrease in activation energy caused by the changes in chemical structure and the evolution of molecular chain segment movement properties during ageing on the AC electric strength was investigated. The results show that a lot of carbonyl groups and small molecular chains dominated by ester and ketone groups generate during the ageing process. These small molecule chains and polar groups greatly increase the free volume and the number of free electrons inside the epoxy matrix, so that the chain segment movement is gradually enhanced and the activation energy is reduced, which ultimately leads to a significant reduction in insulation capacity.

dry air core reactor  /  epoxy/glass fiber composites  /  thermal ageing  /  activate energy
张健, 王鹏飞, 李中原, 刘骥, 刘贺千, 杨洪达. 热老化对环氧/玻璃纤维复合材料电气强度的影响. 绝缘材料, 2025 , 58 (7) : 121 -128 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.07.014
Jian ZHANG, Pengfei WANG, Zhongyuan LI, Ji LIU, Heqian LIU, Hongda YANG. Influence of thermal ageing on electric strength of epoxy/glass fiber composites[J]. Insulating Materials, 2025 , 58 (7) : 121 -128 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.07.014
正文
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0 引言
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“双碳”政策下，中国电力行业积极推动环境友好型电网建设，重点推广无油化技术，其中干式空心电抗器作为重要组成部分得到广泛应用。与此同时，由于服役过程中长期受到电、热、振动等多种应力影响，干式空心电抗器故障引发的电力事故大幅增加[1]。事故分析表明，干式空心电抗器故障主要由长期热老化导致的包封绝缘失效引起[2-4]。因此，作为干式空心电抗器的主要包封绝缘材料，环氧树脂/玻璃纤维（epoxy resin/glass fiber, EP/GF）复合材料的热老化行为备受关注。
当前已经有大量学者围绕EP/GF复合材料的热老化行为展开研究[5-7]，包括导热性能、力学性能、电学性能。寇长珍[8]利用不同纳米填料改性提升了EP/GF复合材料的导热性能。王贵山等[9]认为在制备EP/GF复合材料过程中很容易出现缺陷，热老化会使这些缺陷进一步发展，导致局部过热、局部放电、闪络甚至击穿等。王有元等[10]分析了老化过程中EP/GF复合材料内部发生的微观变化。然而，EP/GF复合材料老化过程中微观层面的长期热老化机理及其对绝缘强度的影响仍不明晰，无法指导建立微观变化与宏观性能间的联系。
为探明EP/GF复合材料微观层面的长期热老化机理及其对绝缘强度的影响，本文制备EP/GF复合材料试样并在180℃下对其进行0～336 h的加速热老化。采用红外光谱、介电谱及交流击穿测试表征不同老化程度EP/GF复合材料的官能团、分子链段运动、活化能及交流电气强度演变特性。探讨老化过程中，由于化学结构及链段运动特性演变导致的活化能下降对交流电气强度的影响。
1 实验
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1.1 主要原材料
双酚A环氧树脂，牌号为0164E51，南通星辰合成材料有限公司；玻璃纤维，泰山玻纤集团；甲基四氢苯酐（MTHPA），常州润祥材料有限公司；二甲氨基甲基苯酚（DMP-30），源邦化工材料有限公司。
1.2 试样制备
制备流程如图1所示，先将EP和MTHPA按100∶80的质量比依次倒入三口烧瓶中，置于80℃油浴锅真空搅拌40 min后，加入DMP-30继续真空搅拌10 min，然后浸渍玻璃纤维并置于模具中，缓慢加入配置好的环氧基体溶液。最后，将模具置于真空烘箱中进行12 h固化，前4 h温度为60℃，后8 h温度为120℃，固化完成后进行退火和脱模处理，制得EP/GF复合材料。
1.3 老化试验
以环氧树脂为主成分的材料热老化前期通常会有挥发固化过程，然而，本文主要关注其降解过程中交流电气强度的退化机理。因此，在加速老化试验前需对试样进行预处理。将制备的EP/GF复合材料试样在100℃的真空环境下干燥24 h，消除试样内部残留水分和内应力的同时减少挥发固化过程的影响。预处理完成后，挑选无明显差别的一批试样，将其分为5组（每组3个）放入180℃的空气环境中进行336 h的加速热老化，分别在第0、48、120、168、336 h时取出一组进行测试。
1.3 老化特性测试
1.3.1 傅里叶红外光谱（FITR）测试
FTIR测试是一种基于分子吸收或发射特定波长红外辐射的测试技术[11-12]，通过对不同波长处吸收峰进行分析，可以确定样品化学成分、结构特征以及样品物理状态。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪（Nicolet 67型，Thermo Fisher公司）对不同老化程度EP/GF复合材料进行测试，波数为500～4 000 cm-1，分辨率为4 cm-1，扫描次数为32次，测试前进行背景扫描和反射角度优化。
1.3.2 宽频介电谱（BDS）测试
BDS测试通过在宽泛频率范围内测量复合材料对电场的响应来反映其电学特性。采用阻抗分析仪（Concept 40型，德国Novocontrol公司）对不同老化程度EP/GF复合材料试样在20、60、80、100℃下的介电响应特性进行测量，频率为10-1～106 Hz。测试时将试样置于直径为30 mm的铜电极中间，升压速率为1 V/ms。
1.3.3 电气强度测试
交流电气强度是表征材料绝缘特性的重要指标之一。采用球-球电极在298 K硅油中测试老化前后EP/GF复合材料的交流电气强度。铜球电极直径为25 mm，样品厚度为1 mm。施加电压从0开始，以0.5 kV/s速率升高。每个试样测试10个击穿点，记录并计算电气强度，利用双参数威布尔分布对击穿结果进行分析，累计击穿概率（Pb）用式（1）表示[13]。
Pb(Eb, μ, η)=1-exp-(Ebμ)η
式（1）中：Eb为电气强度，kV/mm；μ为尺度参数，对应Pb=63.2%时的电气强度，可代表试样的交流电气强度，kV/mm；η为形状参数，表示电气强度的离散程度；Pb取值由式（2）决定。
Pb=i-0.44n+0.25
式（2）中：i为电气强度从低到高的次序；n为总测量次数。
结合式（1）和式（2）可以绘制不同老化程度EP/GF复合材料的电气强度分布特性。
2 实验结果
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2.1 热老化对EP/GF复合材料官能团的影响
不同老化阶段EP/GF复合材料的FITR测试结果如图2所示，每个试样均进行了3次测量以保证实验结果的可靠性。主要特征峰所表征的振动波数信息如表1所示。图3是特征峰演变时可能发生的化学反应，在老化过程中试样内部C-H键持续断裂减少，而C=O和-O-键逐渐增加[14]。
从图2可以看出，亚甲基中C-H键伸缩振动特征峰位于2 930 cm-1附近，随老化程度增加而不断降低。说明酯α位叔碳上氢的氧化与断链有关，此过程会产生各种羰基，尤其是酮基和酯基，如图3(a)所示。酯中C=O基团的伸缩振动特征峰在1 737 cm-1附近，随老化时间推移，峰位逐步向低波段移动且吸收峰强度也随之增强。这一现象是由于羟基在老化过程中发生氧化反应，生成了羰基，如图3(b)所示。
1 240 cm-1吸收峰对应C-O-Ψ（Ψ代表苯环）的不对称伸缩振动特征，它不断向较低波数移动，并随老化程度增加而变宽，这是由于形成了Ψ-O-Ψ，如图3(c)所示。与此同时，由于C-O-Ψ随老化程度增加发生更多破坏，其对称伸缩振动强度随着老化加深而逐渐减弱。
2.2 热老化对EP/GF复合材料介电性能的影响
介电响应谱可以分为3个物理过程，即直流电导、β弛豫、α弛豫[15]。图4展示了不同老化程度EP/GF复合材料试样在20～100℃的介电常数实部（ε′）和介电常数虚部（ε″）变化。从图4可以看出，在介电谱的低频段和高频段出现了两个弛豫过程，其中低频段（10-1～102 Hz）称为β弛豫，高频段（102～106 Hz）称为α弛豫，通过弛豫过程的演变可以探究试样的老化过程[16]。图4(a)和4(b)表明高温老化会导致ε′变大。
从图4(c)和(d)可以看出，β弛豫强度较弱且变化不明显，而α弛豫受温度和老化的影响十分显著。因此，本文主要围绕α弛豫过程展开讨论[17]。α弛豫峰在高温和老化时都明显向右移动，前者是由于高温给试样提供了更多内能，后者则是试样内部小分子数量增加使分子链运动所需能量下降引起的。值得一提的是，低频段（10-1～102 Hz），ε″随频率增加出现线性下降是受直流电导的影响[22]。
2.3 热老化对EP/GF复合材料电气强度的影响
以击穿概率为63.2%对应的电气强度作为EP/GF复合材料的交流电气强度，不同老化程度EP/GF复合材料的交流电气强度威布尔分布特性如图5所示。从图5可以看出，未老化试样的电气强度为35.1 kV/mm，随着老化程度加深，电气强度逐渐下降。当试样老化336 h时，电气强度下降至29.3 kV/mm，相较于未老化试样，下降约16.5%。
3 讨论与模拟计算分析
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3.1 热老化对链段运动特性的影响
为进一步研究EP/GF复合材料的劣化机理，分析其老化过程中的链段运动特征和活化能演变特性，采用H-N方程来描述试样的弛豫过程[18]。EP/GF复合材料的复介电常数ε*可表示为式（3）。
ε*=Δα[1+(iωτα)βα]γα+Δδ[1+(iωτδ)βδ]γδ+σdciε0ω+ε∞
式（3）中：ε∞为光频率范围内的介电常数；Δα和Δδ分别为α和δ弛豫的介电强度；ω为角频率，rad-1；τα和τδ为弛豫特征时间，s；βα、βδ、γα、γδ为H-N方程的形状参数；σdc为电导率，S/m；ε∞为真空介电常数，其值为8.854×10-12 F/m。H-N方程中，β和γ的取值范围为0～1。
通过寻优化算法不断迭代式（3）中的参数，直至其与EP/GF复合材料老化120 h后时80℃下介电响应谱模拟结果相符，可以模拟各作用过程的图像，如图6所示。ε′由光频介电常数、β弛豫和α弛豫组成，而ε″不仅取决于δ和α弛豫，受直流电导率的影响也十分显著[24]。图6(a)和(b)与实验结果非常吻合。α弛豫满足H-N方程，其中βα和γα的值分别为0.672和0.375；β弛豫满足Cole-Davison方程，其中βδ和γδ分别为0.24和1。对于所有EP/GF复合材料，α和β松弛分别遵循H-N方程和Cole-Davison方程，所有模拟结果的R2值在频率区都高于99.6%。
H-N方程中β和γ是无量纲参数，决定介电谱中弛豫过程的形状和特性。β主要影响介电响应的形状，表征介电响应的分布范围[19]。通常情况下，β值越大，介电材料的弛豫时间分布频率范围越广，弛豫过程对低频区域的影响越显著。γ决定介电响应的斜率和相位，γ增大会使介电响应在高频区域更加陡峭，从而产生更大的相位变化。与此同时，β与γ的乘积也对材料介电响应描述具有重要意义，被用来描述介电响应动态范围（即变化幅度）。β与γ的乘积越大，介电响应变化越剧烈，材料的频率依赖性越强。当f<<fmax（峰值频率）时，ε″的增加速率等于β，而当f>>fmax时，ε″的衰减速率等于β与γ的乘积。在60℃下，不同老化程度的EP/GF复合材料松弛形状参数如图7所示。
从图7可以看出，随老化程度加深，β增大，β·γ减小，α弛豫峰肩变宽，对低频区域的影响加剧。同时从侧面反映出热老化过程导致了环氧侧链断裂、重组的发生，生成大量短链和分子基团。
当弛豫过程遵循H-N方程时，弛豫时间常数τ可表示为式（4）。
g(τ)=1π(τ/τα)βγsin(γθ)[(τ/τα)2β+2(τ/τα)βcos(βπ)+1]
式（4）中：g(τ)为松弛时间分布；τ为特征松弛时间，s；θ为与形状参数和特征松弛时间相关的角度，可由式（5）计算。
θ=arctansin(γπ)(τ/τα)β+cos(βπ)
80℃下，不同老化程度EP/GF复合材料的弛豫时间分布如图8所示。从图8可以看出，β松弛时间分布函数随老化程度加深出现明显左移。336 h后，峰尖从4.36×10-7 s左移至4.28×10-8 s，β松弛时间大幅缩短，同时，弛豫时间分布曲线峰值由0.062上升至0.084。说明老化过程中极性基团和短链分子增加会导致试样链段运增强。
3.2 热老化对活化能的影响
由图4可见，α弛豫峰值频率（fmax）与测量温度（T）在很宽的范围内明显相关。聚合物复合材料的老化符合Arrhenius方程[20-21]，使用Arrhenius方程分析不同老化程度下温度相关的fmax，如式（6）所示，结果如图9所示。
fmax(T)=f∞×exp(-EAkBT)
式（6）中：f∞为温度无穷大时对应的松弛峰频率，Hz；EA代表活化能，J；kB为玻尔兹曼常数，其值为1.381×1023 J/K。
从图9可以看出，不同老化程度试样Arrhenius方程的最小R2为0.999 4，表明Arrhenius方程可以很好地描述不同老化程度EP/GF复合材料fmax与T之间的关系。
图10展示了不同老化程度EP/GF复合材料的活化能。从图10可以看出，活化能随老化程度加深而下降。老化336 h后，试样的活化能从未老化时的0.79 eV下降至0.67 eV。这是因为随着老化程度加深，EP/GF复合材料内部极性基团和小分子链数量上升，导致基体内部自由体积不断加大，链段运动增强，活化能随之下降。
3.3 热老化对绝缘性能的影响
EP/GF复合材料老化过程中，羟基和酯基α位叔碳上的氢容易被氧化形成各种羰基[22]。此外，持续的氧化、断链等反应破坏了原有长链结构，导致短链分子和小分子副产物产生。例如醛类、酮类和酸类小分子，这些小分子基团会嵌入树脂网络中，改变其微观结构[23]。随着短链和小分子基团增加，链段间相互作用持续减弱，结构稳定性降低，使得树脂内部链段运动加剧，活化能降低。老化336 h后，α弛豫峰从老化前的4.36×10-7 s左移至4.28×10-8 s，弛豫时间大幅缩短，活化能随之从老化前的0.79 eV下降至0.67 eV。
活化能描述了微观上激发聚合物分子链段大尺度协同运动所需的能量，活化能下降（即链段运动增强）代表电介质的介电响应能力上升，意味着相同电压下电子碰撞概率提高，导致击穿概率加大。将EP/GF复合材料活化能与交流击穿电压进行拟合，如图11所示。
从图11可以看出，活化能与交流击穿电压在一定范存内存在线性关系，拟合优度达到0.937，表明两者之间存在较强的关联，交流击穿电压随活化能降低而下降。这可能是由于活化能降低使EP/GF复合材料在同样的电压下更容易进入活跃状态，绝缘失效概率大幅增加。当活化能因老化而不断降低时，相关高压设备的绝缘性能会随之下降。
4 结论
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（1）EP/GF复合材料的热老化主要是由高温导致环氧基体的化学结构改变。在老化过程中，环氧主链不断氧化、断链，生成以酯基和酮基为主的各种羰基以及小分子链。
（2）热老化引起微观化学结构演变，导致材料链段之间作用力下降、极性基团增加，从而使介电响应能力上升，链段运动增强，活化能随之降低。
（3）EP/GF复合材料的活化能与绝缘性能之间存在强关联性。活化能的降低使EP/GF复合材料在同样的电压下更容易进入活跃状态，绝缘性能降低。
基金
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  • 国家电网公司总部科技项目(5108-202218280A-2-338)
文献
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.07.014
  • 接收时间：2024-08-04
  • 首发时间：2025-10-29
  • 出版时间：2025-07-20
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  • 收稿日期：2024-08-04
  • 修回日期：2024-10-23
基金
国家电网公司总部科技项目(5108-202218280A-2-338)
作者信息
    1.国网黑龙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030
    2.哈尔滨理工大学 工程电介质及其应用教育部重点实验室，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080

通讯作者:

王鹏飞（1995-），男（汉族），河南焦作人，博士生，主要从事高压电力设备绝缘老化及诊断的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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