Article(id=1190369199458451615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1190365079976640655, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.07.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723392000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-12, revisedDate=1723737600000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761735733141, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1752940800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761735733141, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761735733141, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761735733141, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190365079976640655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2025', volume='58', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='150', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761734750980, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761735924323, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190370001430348320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1190365079976640655, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190370001430348321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1190365079976640655, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=129, endPage=135, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190369199844327586, articleId=1190369199458451615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Effect of silica/alumina filling on accelerated ageing of room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber coatings, columnId=1190369198472794288, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Insulation Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV-SiR) is an important polymer coating material for high voltage insulators. The ageing behavior of RTV-SiR under long-term exposure to environmental stimuli is an essential consideration for its field applications. In this study, composite coatings were prepared by incorporating nanometer-scale silicon dioxide (SiO2) and aluminum trihydrate (ATH) into RTV-SiR. Then the composite coating samples were conducted accelerated ageing for 9 000 h, and their micro-morphology, hydrophobicity class (HC), leakage current, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrical strength, and mechanical strength were tested to investigate the ageing characteristics of SiO2/ATH-filled RTV-SiR. The results show that the addition of SiO2 and ATH fillers to RTV-SiR enhances the anti-degradation capability and environmental stress resistance of the composite coatings during ageing, preserving the samples' hydrophobicity. After ageing, compared with RTV-SiR, the composite samples exhibit a relatively smaller increase in leakage current and maintain higher electrical strength. According to FTIR analysis, the loss rates of several important absorption peak intensities of RTV-SiR are higher during ageing, and almost none of them can be restored, whereas those of the samples filled with SiO2/ATH demonstrate a loss-recovery characteristics. Additionally, compared with RTV-SiR, the SiO2/ATH-filled samples exhibit significantly lower reductions in tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness after ageing treatment, indicating superior ageing resistance.

, articleAbstract=

Room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV-SiR) is an important polymer coating material for high voltage insulators. The ageing behavior of RTV-SiR under long-term exposure to environmental stimuli is an essential consideration for its field applications. In this study, composite coatings were prepared by incorporating nanometer-scale silicon dioxide (SiO2) and aluminum trihydrate (ATH) into RTV-SiR. Then the composite coating samples were conducted accelerated ageing for 9 000 h, and their micro-morphology, hydrophobicity class (HC), leakage current, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrical strength, and mechanical strength were tested to investigate the ageing characteristics of SiO2/ATH-filled RTV-SiR. The results show that the addition of SiO2 and ATH fillers to RTV-SiR enhances the anti-degradation capability and environmental stress resistance of the composite coatings during ageing, preserving the samples' hydrophobicity. After ageing, compared with RTV-SiR, the composite samples exhibit a relatively smaller increase in leakage current and maintain higher electrical strength. According to FTIR analysis, the loss rates of several important absorption peak intensities of RTV-SiR are higher during ageing, and almost none of them can be restored, whereas those of the samples filled with SiO2/ATH demonstrate a loss-recovery characteristics. Additionally, compared with RTV-SiR, the SiO2/ATH-filled samples exhibit significantly lower reductions in tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness after ageing treatment, indicating superior ageing resistance.

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室温硫化硅橡胶(RTV-SiR)是一种重要的高压绝缘子涂层材料,RTV-SiR长时间承受外界环境刺激下的老化行为是其现场应用中需要考虑的重要问题。本研究在RTV-SiR中加入纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)和三水合氧化铝(ATH)制备涂层复合材料,对复合涂层样品进行9 000 h长期加速老化,并对其微观形貌、疏水性等级(HC)、泄漏电流、傅里叶红外变换光谱(FTIR)、电气强度以及机械强度等进行测试,分析SiO2和ATH填料填充RTV-SiR后的老化特性。结果表明:在RTV-SiR中添加SiO2和ATH填料后,复合涂层的抗降解能力以及在老化过程中的耐环境应力能力增强,保持了良好的疏水性能;与RTV-SiR相比,添加SiO2和ATH填料的样品老化后的泄漏电流增长幅度相对较小,电气强度相对较高;FTIR分析表明,RTV-SiR一些重要吸收峰强度在老化过程中损失率更高,且几乎都无法恢复,而添加SiO2和ATH填料的样品吸收峰强度则表现出损失-恢复特性;添加SiO2和ATH填料的样品在老化处理后拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和硬度下降幅度相比纯RTV-SiR更低,说明其更耐老化。

, articleAbstract=

室温硫化硅橡胶(RTV-SiR)是一种重要的高压绝缘子涂层材料,RTV-SiR长时间承受外界环境刺激下的老化行为是其现场应用中需要考虑的重要问题。本研究在RTV-SiR中加入纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)和三水合氧化铝(ATH)制备涂层复合材料,对复合涂层样品进行9 000 h长期加速老化,并对其微观形貌、疏水性等级(HC)、泄漏电流、傅里叶红外变换光谱(FTIR)、电气强度以及机械强度等进行测试,分析SiO2和ATH填料填充RTV-SiR后的老化特性。结果表明:在RTV-SiR中添加SiO2和ATH填料后,复合涂层的抗降解能力以及在老化过程中的耐环境应力能力增强,保持了良好的疏水性能;与RTV-SiR相比,添加SiO2和ATH填料的样品老化后的泄漏电流增长幅度相对较小,电气强度相对较高;FTIR分析表明,RTV-SiR一些重要吸收峰强度在老化过程中损失率更高,且几乎都无法恢复,而添加SiO2和ATH填料的样品吸收峰强度则表现出损失-恢复特性;添加SiO2和ATH填料的样品在老化处理后拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和硬度下降幅度相比纯RTV-SiR更低,说明其更耐老化。

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董德阳(1986-),男(汉族),吉林长春人,高级工程师,主要从事输电检修作业管理、绝缘材料、运行管理的研究。

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董德阳(1986-),男(汉族),吉林长春人,高级工程师,主要从事输电检修作业管理、绝缘材料、运行管理的研究。

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董德阳(1986-),男(汉族),吉林长春人,高级工程师,主要从事输电检修作业管理、绝缘材料、运行管理的研究。

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波数及基团吸收峰强度
0 h936 h2 016 h2 952 h4 032 h4 968 h6 048 h6 984 h8 064 h9 000 h
3 700~3 200 cm-1(O-H)0.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02
2 963~2 850 cm-1(C-H)0.0950.080.0790.0750.0750.0740.0720.0770.0790.080
1 440~1 410 cm-1(Si-CH3中的CH3)0.0300.0300.0300.0300.0290.0280.0230.0240.0240.025
1 280~1 250 cm-1(Si-CH3)0.340.320.310.300.300.300.290.320.330.33
1 130~1 000 cm-1(Si-O-Si)1.041.000.990.980.980.990.981.051.091.12
870~850 cm-1(O-Si(CH3)3中的Si-O)0.220.200.190.180.170.170.170.180.180.19
840~780 cm-1(O-Si(CH3)2-O 中的Si-O)1.121.101.091.071.071.071.061.111.121.20
700~600 cm-1(Si-(CH3)3中的Si-)0.340.300.280.260.250.250.250.270.270.28
), ArticleFig(id=1190960658402390906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1190369199458451615, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

S2在整个老化期间一些重要的吸收峰强度随老化时间的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
波数及基团吸收峰强度
0 h936 h2 016 h2 952 h4 032 h4 968 h6 048 h6 984 h8 064 h9 000 h
3 700~3 200 cm-1(O-H)0.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02
2 963~2 850 cm-1(C-H)0.0950.080.0790.0750.0750.0740.0720.0770.0790.080
1 440~1 410 cm-1(Si-CH3中的CH3)0.0300.0300.0300.0300.0290.0280.0230.0240.0240.025
1 280~1 250 cm-1(Si-CH3)0.340.320.310.300.300.300.290.320.330.33
1 130~1 000 cm-1(Si-O-Si)1.041.000.990.980.980.990.981.051.091.12
870~850 cm-1(O-Si(CH3)3中的Si-O)0.220.200.190.180.170.170.170.180.180.19
840~780 cm-1(O-Si(CH3)2-O 中的Si-O)1.121.101.091.071.071.071.061.111.121.20
700~600 cm-1(Si-(CH3)3中的Si-)0.340.300.280.260.250.250.250.270.270.28
), ArticleFig(id=1190960658465305467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1190369199458451615, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Change of some important absorption peak intensity of S0 with ageing time during the whole ageing period, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
波数及基团吸收峰强度
0 h936 h2 016 h2 952 h4 032 h4 968 h6 048 h6 984 h8 064 h9 000 h
2 963~2 850 cm-1(C-H)0.0950.0920.0900.0870.0850.0800.0700.0730.0700.065
1 440~1 410 cm-1(Si-CH3中的CH3)0.0300.0270.0200.0170.0100.0100000
1 280~1 250 cm-1(Si–CH3)0.370.350.350.350.340.310.250.260.260.25
1 130~1 000 cm-1(Si-O-Si)1.281.271.101.101.071.050.990.980.970.96
870~850 cm-1(O-Si(CH3)3中的Si-O)0.200.200.200.200.200.190.140.160.150.15
840~780 cm-1(O-Si(CH3)2-O 中的Si-O)1.361.351.351.341.31.271.071.081.061.02
), ArticleFig(id=1190960658553385852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1190369199458451615, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

S0在整个老化期间一些重要的吸收峰强度随老化时间的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
波数及基团吸收峰强度
0 h936 h2 016 h2 952 h4 032 h4 968 h6 048 h6 984 h8 064 h9 000 h
2 963~2 850 cm-1(C-H)0.0950.0920.0900.0870.0850.0800.0700.0730.0700.065
1 440~1 410 cm-1(Si-CH3中的CH3)0.0300.0270.0200.0170.0100.0100000
1 280~1 250 cm-1(Si–CH3)0.370.350.350.350.340.310.250.260.260.25
1 130~1 000 cm-1(Si-O-Si)1.281.271.101.101.071.050.990.980.970.96
870~850 cm-1(O-Si(CH3)3中的Si-O)0.200.200.200.200.200.190.140.160.150.15
840~780 cm-1(O-Si(CH3)2-O 中的Si-O)1.361.351.351.341.31.271.071.081.061.02
), ArticleFig(id=1190960658616300413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1190369199458451615, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness of samples before and after ageing, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品老化前老化后
拉伸强度/kPa断裂伸长率/%邵氏A硬度拉伸强度/kPa断裂伸长率/%邵氏A硬度
S04 320380652 43024253
S24 420278723 75525965
S44 630329733 82828767
S64 840342753 98927668
), ArticleFig(id=1190960658700186494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1190369199458451615, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

样品老化前后的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和硬度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品老化前老化后
拉伸强度/kPa断裂伸长率/%邵氏A硬度拉伸强度/kPa断裂伸长率/%邵氏A硬度
S04 320380652 43024253
S24 420278723 75525965
S44 630329733 82828767
S64 840342753 98927668
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二氧化硅/氧化铝填充对室温硫化硅橡胶涂层的加速老化影响研究
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董德阳 , 陆杭 , 文博 , 韩瑞慧 , 许超 , 杨己正
绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2025,58(7): 129-135
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绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2025, 58(7): 129-135
二氧化硅/氧化铝填充对室温硫化硅橡胶涂层的加速老化影响研究
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董德阳, 陆杭, 文博, 韩瑞慧, 许超, 杨己正
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  • 国网黑龙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150000
  • 董德阳(1986-),男(汉族),吉林长春人,高级工程师,主要从事输电检修作业管理、绝缘材料、运行管理的研究。

Effect of silica/alumina filling on accelerated ageing of room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber coatings
Deyang DONG, Hang LU, Bo WEN, Ruihui HAN, Chao XU, Jizheng YANG
Affiliations
  • State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric power Research Institute, Harbin 150000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.07.015
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室温硫化硅橡胶(RTV-SiR)是一种重要的高压绝缘子涂层材料,RTV-SiR长时间承受外界环境刺激下的老化行为是其现场应用中需要考虑的重要问题。本研究在RTV-SiR中加入纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)和三水合氧化铝(ATH)制备涂层复合材料,对复合涂层样品进行9 000 h长期加速老化,并对其微观形貌、疏水性等级(HC)、泄漏电流、傅里叶红外变换光谱(FTIR)、电气强度以及机械强度等进行测试,分析SiO2和ATH填料填充RTV-SiR后的老化特性。结果表明:在RTV-SiR中添加SiO2和ATH填料后,复合涂层的抗降解能力以及在老化过程中的耐环境应力能力增强,保持了良好的疏水性能;与RTV-SiR相比,添加SiO2和ATH填料的样品老化后的泄漏电流增长幅度相对较小,电气强度相对较高;FTIR分析表明,RTV-SiR一些重要吸收峰强度在老化过程中损失率更高,且几乎都无法恢复,而添加SiO2和ATH填料的样品吸收峰强度则表现出损失-恢复特性;添加SiO2和ATH填料的样品在老化处理后拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和硬度下降幅度相比纯RTV-SiR更低,说明其更耐老化。

二氧化硅  /  氧化铝  /  室温硫化硅橡胶  /  涂层  /  加速老化

Room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV-SiR) is an important polymer coating material for high voltage insulators. The ageing behavior of RTV-SiR under long-term exposure to environmental stimuli is an essential consideration for its field applications. In this study, composite coatings were prepared by incorporating nanometer-scale silicon dioxide (SiO2) and aluminum trihydrate (ATH) into RTV-SiR. Then the composite coating samples were conducted accelerated ageing for 9 000 h, and their micro-morphology, hydrophobicity class (HC), leakage current, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrical strength, and mechanical strength were tested to investigate the ageing characteristics of SiO2/ATH-filled RTV-SiR. The results show that the addition of SiO2 and ATH fillers to RTV-SiR enhances the anti-degradation capability and environmental stress resistance of the composite coatings during ageing, preserving the samples' hydrophobicity. After ageing, compared with RTV-SiR, the composite samples exhibit a relatively smaller increase in leakage current and maintain higher electrical strength. According to FTIR analysis, the loss rates of several important absorption peak intensities of RTV-SiR are higher during ageing, and almost none of them can be restored, whereas those of the samples filled with SiO2/ATH demonstrate a loss-recovery characteristics. Additionally, compared with RTV-SiR, the SiO2/ATH-filled samples exhibit significantly lower reductions in tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness after ageing treatment, indicating superior ageing resistance.

silica  /  alumina  /  room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber  /  coating  /  accelerated ageing
董德阳, 陆杭, 文博, 韩瑞慧, 许超, 杨己正. 二氧化硅/氧化铝填充对室温硫化硅橡胶涂层的加速老化影响研究. 绝缘材料, 2025 , 58 (7) : 129 -135 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.07.015
Deyang DONG, Hang LU, Bo WEN, Ruihui HAN, Chao XU, Jizheng YANG. Effect of silica/alumina filling on accelerated ageing of room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber coatings[J]. Insulating Materials, 2025 , 58 (7) : 129 -135 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.07.015
在聚合物中,硅橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)、环氧树脂和热塑性弹性体是常用于制备复合绝缘子的基础材料[1-3]。与陶瓷绝缘子和玻璃绝缘子相比,复合绝缘子具有质量轻、疏水性好、易操作等优点[4-7]。虽然复合绝缘子具有优异的性能,但环境中存在的多重应力会使聚合物降解,可能导致复合绝缘子发生老化。与其他聚合物材料相比,室温硫化硅橡胶(RTV-SiR)由于具有优异的耐候性和耐热性,是户外高压绝缘子涂层的常用材料[8]。它是一种主要由硅与碳、氧、氢组成的弹性有机硅氧烷聚合物,烃基赋于其有机特性,而Si-O键赋予其无机特性[9]。由于这种杂化性质,RTV-SiR具有优异的绝缘性能和独特的疏水性。在许多领域都有不同的应用,例如生物医学工程、工业轧辊和高压绝缘子涂层等[10]。然而,RTV-SiR在多重环境应力作用下也会出现相同的降解现象,这些环境应力会导致RTV-SiR闪络电压降低、泄漏电流(LC)增加、电性能降低和疏水性丧失等问题[11-14]。因此,多重应力引起的劣化和长期耐久性能下降仍是一个值得关注的问题。
据报道,在基础聚合物中添加微纳米填料可以增强复合材料的热稳定性、阻燃性、超疏水性、电气性能等[15]。常用的填料有二氧化硅(SiO2)、碳酸钙、氢氧化铝和氧化铝等[16]。A KHATTAK[17]等制备了一种纳米SiO2填充硅橡胶的复合材料,并进行加速老化试验。结果表明,含5%纳米SiO2的硅橡胶纳米复合材料的使用寿命(29个实验年)比纯硅橡胶(19.8个实验年)更长。P MISHRA等[18]研制并测试了掺入不同含量三水合氧化铝(ATH)的硅橡胶纳米复合材料,发现纳米填料质量分数为7%的硅橡胶性能最佳。然而,这些研究大多只讨论了通过添加某单一填料来改善RTV-SiR性能,且没有考虑除紫外线以外的其他环境应力。研究证明,与单一填料相比,同时添加纳米和微米级填料可以提高聚合物的性能[19]。目前,关于在RTV-SiR基体中同时添加纳米SiO2和微米ATH,以此增强聚合物的长期加速老化性能的研究还未见报道。
因此,本文在RTV-SiR基体中加入纳米SiO2和ATH填料制备涂层复合材料,并对其微观形貌、疏水性等级、泄漏电流、傅里叶红外变换光谱、电气强度以及机械强度等进行测试,分析复合涂层经9 000 h长期加速老化后的老化特性。
二氧化硅,纳米级,深圳市纳米港有限公司;三水合氧化铝,粒径为5 µm,中国Huber工程材料公司;室温硫化硅橡胶(RTV-SiR),山东聚芳新材料股份有限公司。
TESCAN型场发射扫描电镜,北京亚科晨晖科技有限公司;UT-70B型精密微安表,深圳市善时仪器有限公司;GJW-50kV型介电强度测试仪,常州德杜精密仪器有限公司;FTIR-8500型傅里叶变换红外光谱分析仪,深圳市三莉科技有限公司;HVS-1000型硬度计、Instron 5567型拉伸试验机,北京冠测精电仪器设备有限公司。
将干燥后的ATH和SiO2填料加入100 mL乙醇中,机械搅拌20 min,然后超声处理30 min,使填料在混合物中悬浮均匀,在超声过程中将RTV-SiR加入上述混悬液。将混合物在100℃下加热1 h以去除乙醇,并在真空干燥器中放置10 min。接着将上述混合物置于混合器中,在温度为150℃、转速为150 r/min的条件下充分混合20 min,然后倒入预热的钢模具中,得到尺寸为80 mm×60 mm×3 mm的样品。最后将混合物在室温下固化24 h,得到涂层复合材料样品。固定ATH的质量分数为20%,SiO2的质量分数分别为2%、4%、6%,所制备的样品分别命名为S2、S4、S6,不添加填料的基材(RTV-SiR)作为对比研究,命名为S0。
为了模拟环境压力,将样品置于自制的老化室中,施加多重应力。为了保持室内的设计温度,使用3个功率为1 000 W的加热元件和温度传感器模拟温度应力。通过使用6支功率为20 W的荧光灯模拟阳光效果,每天照射10 h。为了保持65%的设计相对湿度,安装了自动加湿装置。在腔内放置喷嘴,形成酸雨(pH值为4.5的HCl溶液)和盐雾(浓度为5%的NaCl溶液)。在老化室中对样品进行多重应力的老化试验。
微观形貌观测:采用扫描电子显微镜对老化前后样品表面进行观测,电压为15 kV,放大倍数为3 000。观测前,在样品表面溅射一层厚度为2.5 nm的金涂层。
疏水性测量:每个样品用水龙头喷洒20 s后,用高分辨率相机在10 s内拍摄图像。然后将照片与HC1(最高)到HC7(最低)的疏水性等级进行比较,确定疏水性等级。
泄漏电流测量:直接用精密微安表测量泄漏电流,在9 000 h老化时间内共记录了28次泄漏电流数据。
电气强度测试:使用介电强度测试仪测试电气强度,击穿试验温度为25℃,湿度为45%~50%。所有样品测试5次,然后记录平均值。
傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析:采用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析仪进行测试,获得吸光度光谱,用于评估聚合物在整个老化时间内的降解情况。
力学性能测试:根据ASTM D2240,使用硬度计测量样品的硬度。在应变速率为0.005 s-1、单元载荷为30 kN的条件下,使用拉伸试验机测量样品的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度。
采用扫描电子显微镜测得老化前后样品的微观形貌如图1所示。从图1可以看出,S0在老化作用后表现出明显的破损和侵蚀现象,表面出现了孔隙以及不规则的凹痕,说明样品被严重降解,这种变化可归因于多重应力导致的化学键断裂和其他官能团的劣化。与S0相比,S2、S4和S6在老化后表现出较少的表面降解,说明SiO2和ATH填料的添加可增强RTV-SiR的抗降解能力,这可能是因为填料颗粒增强了样品对老化作用的屏蔽能力。
样品的疏水性等级随老化时间的变化如图2所示。从图2可以看出,在9 000 h的老化过程中,S0疏水性等级从HC3先上升到HC1,然后下降到HC5,疏水性丧失。然而,添加SiO2和ATH 的样品(S2、S4和S6)初始疏水性等级都为HC1,在老化约6 000 h时,所有样品的疏水性等级下降到HC2。这可能是由于添加SiO2和ATH填料,增强了硅醇基团和硅橡胶之间的相互作用,从而提高了样品的耐环境应力。6 000 h后,由于低质量分子向样品表面移动,观察到疏水性恢复到HC1水平。在8 000 h后,由于样品发生老化,疏水性又下降到HC2水平。结果表明,RTV-SiR样品经过老化处理后,其疏水性下降非常严重,而SiO2和ATH填料的添加增强了样品在老化过程中的耐环境应力能力,保持了样品的疏水性能。
样品泄漏电流随老化时间的变化如图3所示。从图3可以看出,随着老化的进行,S0的泄漏电流值逐渐增大,直到达到最大值13.5 μA,增长幅度达到221.4%。而添加SiO2和ATH填料后,S2、S4、S6的泄漏电流值从老化前的3.9、3.4、3.0 μA分别增长到老化9 000 h后的7.2、7.0、6.7 μA,增长幅度分别为84.6%、105.9%、123.3%。添加SiO2和ATH填料的样品泄漏电流增长幅度相对S0(221.4%)较小,这可能是因为纳米SiO2和ATH填料的添加增强了样品的电阻。而RTV-SiR在老化的作用下聚合物发生降解,从而导致泄漏电流值大幅度增加。
样品的电气强度随老化时间的变化如图4所示。从图4可以看出,老化前,S0电气强度为21.2 kV,添加SiO2和ATH填料后,S2、S4、S6的电气强度分别提升至24.6、24.8、25.1 kV。在9000 h的老化过程中,由于样品的老化,所有样品的电气强度都有所下降。与添加SiO2和ATH填料的样品相比,S0在老化9 000 h后的电气强度降至最低,为16.1 kV;而S4在老化9 000 h后的电气强度最高,S2次之。添加SiO2和ATH填料的样品电气强度相对较高可能是由于填料结构均匀,键能较高,表面能较低。此外,SiO2和ATH的加入增加了基体与填料之间的键合能和交联,从而提高了材料的电气强度[20]
图5是S2老化前后的红外光谱图,在整个老化过程中,由于不同的电应力、热应力和风化应力引起的老化,样品的吸收峰强度发生变化,如表1所示。从图5表1可以看出,对于CH3基团中C-H键(2 963~2 850 cm-1)的吸收峰,随着老化的进行,表现出吸收峰强度的损失-恢复特性,老化936、2 016、2 952、4 032、4 968、6 048、6 984、8 064、9 000 h后的损失率分别为15.8%、16.8%、21.0%、21.0%、24.2%、18.9%、16.8%、15.7%,吸收峰强度损失持续到老化6 048 h之后出现恢复现象。Si-CH3(1 440~1 400 cm-1)的吸收峰强度在老化2 952 h后出现损失,在老化6 048 h后出现恢复现象。840~780 cm-1和870~850 cm-1处的Si-O吸收峰在老化6 000 h前后出现相同的损失和恢复现象。Si-O-Si键(1 130~1 000 cm-1)的吸收峰强度也同样出现损失和恢复现象,最终恢复的吸收峰强度比老化前反而增加7.7%。
S0老化前后的红外光谱图如图6所示,吸收峰强度随老化时间的变化如表2所示。与S2相比,S0各吸收峰强度损失更为严重,且几乎都无法恢复。Si-CH3(1 440~1 400 cm-1)的吸收峰强度在老化6 048 h后完全损失且无法恢复。老化9 000 h后,Si-O-Si键(1 130~1 000 cm-1)、Si-(CH3)2键(840~790 cm-1)和O-Si(CH3)3中Si-O键(870~850 cm-1)的吸收峰强度损失率均为25%。总的来说,与S2相比,S0的吸收峰强度损失率更高,且几乎都无法恢复。这可能是由于纳米SiO2填料的添加补充了硅醇基团而使基材保持完整,从而增强了其老化过程中耐环境应力的能力。
样品老化前后的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和硬度如表3所示。从表3可以看出,老化前,S0的拉伸强度为4 320 kPa,添加SiO2和ATH填料后,S2、S4、S6的拉伸强度分别增加到4 420、4 630、4 840 kPa,说明SiO2和ATH填料的添加可以提高材料的拉伸强度。老化后,所有样品的拉伸强度都有不同程度的降低。S2、S4、S6的拉伸强度较老化前分别下降了15.0%、17.3%、17.6%,而S0的拉伸强度较老化前下降了43.8%。与S0相比,添加SiO2和ATH填料的试样拉伸强度下降幅度更低,说明其更耐老化,这可能是因为SiO2和ATH填料的适当分散、形成了强氢键以及ATH和SiO2填料与基体更好的相互作用。
聚合物断裂伸长率受多应力老化影响较大,而弹性也随之发生变化。断裂伸长率越高,表明样品的弹性越强。从表3可以看出,老化前,S0的断裂伸长率为380%,添加SiO2和ATH填料后,样品的断裂伸长率随之降低。而老化后,所有样品的断裂伸长率都有不同程度的降低。其中S2的断裂伸长率较老化前下降得最少,下降了6.8%,而S0的断裂伸长率较老化前下降得最多,下降了36.3%。S0的断裂伸长率大幅降低可能是因为老化而发生了更高程度的聚合物链断裂以及硅树脂骨架的迁移率降低。而添加SiO2和ATH填料后,基体与纳/微米填料的高交联限制了聚合物链的运动,从而维持了样品的断裂伸长率。
老化前,S0、S2、S4、S6的邵氏A硬度分别为65、72、73、75,表明添加SiO2和ATH填料可提高材料的硬度。老化后,S0的硬度出现了较大程度的降低,下降了18.5%,而S2、S4、S6的硬度分别只降低了9.7%、8.2%、9.3%。结果表明,添加SiO2和ATH的样品表现出更好的抗老化能力,反映出相对较高的对外加应力的稳定性。这可能是因为SiO2和ATH填料与基体的微/纳米相互作用和交联提供了抵抗聚合物链断裂、循环降解和化学分解的能力,从而受长期老化的影响较小[21]
(1)在RTV-SiR中添加SiO2和ATH填料后,复合涂层的抗降解能力以及在老化过程中的耐环境应力能力增强,保持了复合涂层的疏水性能。
(2)与RTV-SiR相比,添加SiO2和ATH填料的样品在老化处理后泄漏电流增长幅度相对较小,电气强度相对较高。
(3)FTIR分析表明,RTV-SiR一些重要的吸收峰强度在老化过程中损失率更高,且几乎都无法恢复,而添加SiO2(2%)和ATH填料的样品吸收峰强度则表现出损失-恢复特性。
(4)添加SiO2和ATH填料的样品在老化处理后拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和硬度下降幅度相比纯RTV-SiR更低,说明其更耐老化,在外加应力下表现出相对较高的稳定性。
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2025年第58卷第7期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.07.015
  • 接收时间:2024-08-12
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-12
  • 修回日期:2024-08-16
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国网黑龙江省电力有限公司科技项目(522437240016)
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    国网黑龙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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