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Article(id=1304923140765799412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304923090710982825, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747670400000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-20, revisedDate=1752508800000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047521058, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1776614400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047521058, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047521058, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047521058, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304923090710982825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776614400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047509124, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789118076681, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305219072573071941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304923090710982825, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305219072573071942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304923090710982825, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=131, endPage=137, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304923141151675381, articleId=1304923140765799412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Analysis of key production issues in high thermal conductive insulating polyimide films, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

On the basis of the film-making data of the 300 mm wide polyimide casting test line and the 1 200 mm wide polyimide biaxial stretching production line of Guilin Electrical Research Institute Co., Ltd., the effects of formulation, equipment, process, and other factors on the preparation of high thermal conductivity insulating polyimide films were investigated. The results show that compared with the biaxial stretching method, the casting method has advantages such as low trimming loss, simple equipment and process, excellent film-forming properties, lower cost, and good thermal conductivity of prepared films. In terms of improving the thermal conductivity of thermal conductive films, it is necessary to overcome the problems such as difficulty in peeling the casting film from steel belt, increased difficulty in filler dispersion, poor interfacial matching between filler and resin, and decreased film-forming continuity when boron nitride is highly filled.

, authors=Gengjie JIANG, Shuanggui QING, Yuxia SONG, Yaning JI, Xiaoqing TANG, Jixiang MA, Qinpeng PAN, authorsList=Gengjie JIANG, Shuanggui QING, Yuxia SONG, Yaning JI, Xiaoqing TANG, Jixiang MA, Qinpeng PAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304923142217028608, articleId=1304923140765799412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=高导热绝缘聚酰亚胺薄膜生产关键问题分析, columnId=1192878364483531003, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=测试与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于桂林电器科学研究院有限公司的300 mm宽幅聚酰亚胺流延试验线与1 200 mm宽幅聚酰亚胺双轴拉伸生产线制膜数据，研究配方、设备与工艺等因素对高导热绝缘聚酰亚胺薄膜制备的影响。结果表明：相较于双拉法，流延法具有低切边损耗、设备工艺简单、成膜性优良、成本较低以及所制备的薄膜导热性能好等优势；在提高导热薄膜导热系数方面，需攻克氮化硼高填充时出现的流延膜与钢带剥离困难、填料分散难度增大、填料及树脂间界面匹配性变差和成膜连续性下降等问题。

, authors=蒋耿杰, 青双桂, 宋玉侠, 姬亚宁, 唐小青, 马纪翔, 潘钦鹏, authorsList=蒋耿杰, 青双桂, 宋玉侠, 姬亚宁, 唐小青, 马纪翔, 潘钦鹏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

蒋耿杰（1985-），男（汉族），广西桂林人，高级工程师，主要从事导热和绝缘材料的开发工作。

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蒋耿杰（1985-），男（汉族），广西桂林人，高级工程师，主要从事导热和绝缘材料的开发工作。

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蒋耿杰（1985-），男（汉族），广西桂林人，高级工程师，主要从事导热和绝缘材料的开发工作。

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Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2005,88:2615-2618., articleTitle=Spherical aluminum nitride fillers for heat-conducting plastic packages, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1304923142418354176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304923142426742785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, companyId=1304923142418354176, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guilin Electric Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guilin 541004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304923142435131394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, companyId=1304923142418354176, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=桂林电器科学研究院有限公司，广西　桂林　541004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1304923144934936624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of the production for thermal conductive films by casting method, figureFileSmall=rfuHFQFDlR2EuXaDFALqcg==, figureFileBig=DqQW3J9vRl/fnhJHu6UbpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923145002045489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=CN, label=图1, caption=流延法生产导热膜示意图, figureFileSmall=rfuHFQFDlR2EuXaDFALqcg==, figureFileBig=DqQW3J9vRl/fnhJHu6UbpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923145207566386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic diagram of longitudinal drawing system in biaxial stretching method, figureFileSmall=yKp39gZCRH203+2aFnxm7Q==, figureFileBig=vFIjSoif86zlh1ojPmTd8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923145345978419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=CN, label=图2, caption=双拉法纵拉系统结构示意图, figureFileSmall=yKp39gZCRH203+2aFnxm7Q==, figureFileBig=vFIjSoif86zlh1ojPmTd8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923145488584756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Transverse stretching guide rail and chain clips in biaxial stretching method, figureFileSmall=WlY2i/SCwnsJzG3lXhRLGw==, figureFileBig=FynWjg4YbvhAw1D7fzs4uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923145564082229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=CN, label=图3, caption=双拉法横拉导轨及链铗, figureFileSmall=WlY2i/SCwnsJzG3lXhRLGw==, figureFileBig=FynWjg4YbvhAw1D7fzs4uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923145769603126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Production process flow chart of thermal conductive films, figureFileSmall=F6yny2kixpJWJjW8Pr9Z3g==, figureFileBig=D5P2lw2JifFSj5M9kTEaHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923145836711991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=CN, label=图4, caption=导热膜生产工艺流程图, figureFileSmall=F6yny2kixpJWJjW8Pr9Z3g==, figureFileBig=D5P2lw2JifFSj5M9kTEaHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923145899626552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=SEM images of different h-BN surfaces, figureFileSmall=TJZ7HzWYxbSN1///R/nvaQ==, figureFileBig=Jna/usEAZNsvycSEt9zXtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923145966735417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同h-BN表面扫描电镜图, figureFileSmall=TJZ7HzWYxbSN1///R/nvaQ==, figureFileBig=Jna/usEAZNsvycSEt9zXtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923146029649978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Film-forming performance and edge trimming loss of thermal conductive films with different contents of h-BN

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项目生产方法h-BN质量分数/%
2226293235
破边频率/(个/天)流延00127
双拉00101831
断膜频率/(次/天)流延00000
双拉00012
切边损耗/mm流延1010101024
双拉6060100120120
), ArticleFig(id=1304923146092564539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同h-BN用量下导热膜的成膜性和切边损耗

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目生产方法h-BN质量分数/%
2226293235
破边频率/(个/天)流延00127
双拉00101831
断膜频率/(次/天)流延00000
双拉00012
切边损耗/mm流延1010101024
双拉6060100120120
), ArticleFig(id=1304923146163867708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of different contents of release agents on the production of thermal film

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脱模剂亚磷酸三苯酯质量分数/‰脱模剂X质量分数/‰硅油
1351355
流延膜钢带剥离性极差极差差一般好好好
电气强度/(kV/mm)180140110260247220223
拉伸强度/MPa98877511511010290
断裂伸长率/%35322640352934
膜面外观影响无无无无无无有色差
), ArticleFig(id=1304923146239365181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同脱模剂对导热膜生产的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脱模剂亚磷酸三苯酯质量分数/‰脱模剂X质量分数/‰硅油
1351355
流延膜钢带剥离性极差极差差一般好好好
电气强度/(kV/mm)180140110260247220223
拉伸强度/MPa98877511511010290
断裂伸长率/%35322640352934
膜面外观影响无无无无无无有色差
), ArticleFig(id=1304923146319056958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different surface modifiers on thermal conductivity coefficient of thermal conductive films and peelability of casting film steel belt

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项目导热系数/(W/(m·K))流延膜钢带剥离性
未改性0.62易剥离
KH5500.64难剥离
KH5600.66难剥离
多巴胺0.66难剥离
NaOH0.64难剥离
), ArticleFig(id=1304923146381971519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同表面改性剂对导热膜导热系数和流延膜钢带剥离性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目导热系数/(W/(m·K))流延膜钢带剥离性
未改性0.62易剥离
KH5500.64难剥离
KH5600.66难剥离
多巴胺0.66难剥离
NaOH0.64难剥离
), ArticleFig(id=1304923146457468992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of different h-BN on performance of thermal conductive films

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h-BN型号导热系数/(W/(m·K))分散性电气强度/(kV/mm)成膜性钢带剥离性
a型0.986极差134差极差
b型0.854极差157差差
c型0.695差142一般较差
d型0.615好246好好
e型0.686一般237较好较好
f型0.754一般163差较好
), ArticleFig(id=1304923146541355073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同h-BN对导热膜性能的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
h-BN型号导热系数/(W/(m·K))分散性电气强度/(kV/mm)成膜性钢带剥离性
a型0.986极差134差极差
b型0.854极差157差差
c型0.695差142一般较差
d型0.615好246好好
e型0.686一般237较好较好
f型0.754一般163差较好
), ArticleFig(id=1304923146616852546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Thermal conductivity of thermal conductive films prepared by different formulation using casting method and biaxial stretching method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配方导热系数/(W/(m·K))
双拉法流延法流延法比双拉法提高幅度/%
A0.620.68210
B0.620.73819
C0.620.78727
), ArticleFig(id=1304923146679767107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同配方采用流延法和双拉法制备导热膜的导热系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配方导热系数/(W/(m·K))
双拉法流延法流延法比双拉法提高幅度/%
A0.620.68210
B0.620.73819
C0.620.78727
), ArticleFig(id=1304923146755264580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Applications comparative analysis of spherical alumina and flake h-BN

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指标氧化铝h-BN
分散性优一般
成膜性优一般
膜导热系数/(W/(m·K))0.520.75
流延膜钢带剥离性优极差
), ArticleFig(id=1304923146818179141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923140765799412, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

球形氧化铝与片状h-BN应用对比分析

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指标氧化铝h-BN
分散性优一般
成膜性优一般
膜导热系数/(W/(m·K))0.520.75
流延膜钢带剥离性优极差
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高导热绝缘聚酰亚胺薄膜生产关键问题分析
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蒋耿杰 , 青双桂 , 宋玉侠 , 姬亚宁 , 唐小青 , 马纪翔 , 潘钦鹏
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2026,59(4): 131-137
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绝缘材料 |测试与分析 2026 , 59 (4) : 131 -137
高导热绝缘聚酰亚胺薄膜生产关键问题分析
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蒋耿杰（1985-），男（汉族），广西桂林人，高级工程师，主要从事导热和绝缘材料的开发工作。

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蒋耿杰（1985-），男（汉族），广西桂林人，高级工程师，主要从事导热和绝缘材料的开发工作。

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蒋耿杰, 青双桂, 宋玉侠, 姬亚宁, 唐小青, 马纪翔, 潘钦鹏
作者信息
  • 桂林电器科学研究院有限公司，广西　桂林　541004
作者简介:

蒋耿杰（1985-），男（汉族），广西桂林人，高级工程师，主要从事导热和绝缘材料的开发工作。

Analysis of key production issues in high thermal conductive insulating polyimide films
Gengjie JIANG, Shuanggui QING, Yuxia SONG, Yaning JI, Xiaoqing TANG, Jixiang MA, Qinpeng PAN
Affiliations
  • Guilin Electric Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guilin 541004, China
出版时间: 2026-04-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.016
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摘要
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基于桂林电器科学研究院有限公司的300 mm宽幅聚酰亚胺流延试验线与1 200 mm宽幅聚酰亚胺双轴拉伸生产线制膜数据，研究配方、设备与工艺等因素对高导热绝缘聚酰亚胺薄膜制备的影响。结果表明：相较于双拉法，流延法具有低切边损耗、设备工艺简单、成膜性优良、成本较低以及所制备的薄膜导热性能好等优势；在提高导热薄膜导热系数方面，需攻克氮化硼高填充时出现的流延膜与钢带剥离困难、填料分散难度增大、填料及树脂间界面匹配性变差和成膜连续性下降等问题。

导热  /  绝缘  /  聚酰亚胺  /  薄膜  /  关键问题

On the basis of the film-making data of the 300 mm wide polyimide casting test line and the 1 200 mm wide polyimide biaxial stretching production line of Guilin Electrical Research Institute Co., Ltd., the effects of formulation, equipment, process, and other factors on the preparation of high thermal conductivity insulating polyimide films were investigated. The results show that compared with the biaxial stretching method, the casting method has advantages such as low trimming loss, simple equipment and process, excellent film-forming properties, lower cost, and good thermal conductivity of prepared films. In terms of improving the thermal conductivity of thermal conductive films, it is necessary to overcome the problems such as difficulty in peeling the casting film from steel belt, increased difficulty in filler dispersion, poor interfacial matching between filler and resin, and decreased film-forming continuity when boron nitride is highly filled.

thermal conductive  /  insulating  /  polyimide  /  films  /  key issues
蒋耿杰, 青双桂, 宋玉侠, 姬亚宁, 唐小青, 马纪翔, 潘钦鹏. 高导热绝缘聚酰亚胺薄膜生产关键问题分析. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (4) : 131 -137 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.016
Gengjie JIANG, Shuanggui QING, Yuxia SONG, Yaning JI, Xiaoqing TANG, Jixiang MA, Qinpeng PAN. Analysis of key production issues in high thermal conductive insulating polyimide films[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (4) : 131 -137 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.016
正文
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0　引言
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导热绝缘聚酰亚胺薄膜（以下简称导热膜）具有优良的导热、绝缘、耐高低温、耐化学腐蚀和阻燃等特性，因而被广泛应用于电子器件、新能源汽车和5G基站等领域。随着设备朝小型化、高功率、高频高速、薄型化、高度集成化方向发展，其运行过程中产生的热量大幅增加，现有商品化导热膜的散热能力已难以满足设备的散热需求[1-2]。研究表明，热积聚问题会引发温度升高，温度每上升2℃，电子器件的稳定性就会下降10%，且器件55%的故障是由温度超限导致的[3]。因此，如何在保持优异绝缘性能的前提下，提高导热膜的散热能力，成为当前面临的重要技术挑战[4]。
导热膜的传热方向分为面内与面外（厚度）方向，而“热点”的热量通过导热膜厚度方向快速传递至其垂直正对且紧邻的相邻区域时，速度最快[5]。因此常规所述的导热系数即为面外方向。
目前，国内可批量稳定供货的导热膜均为采用热亚胺化工艺生产，产品最高导热系数≥0.6 W/(m·K)。尽管部分企业能够制备面外导热系数≥0.8 W/(m·K)的导热膜样品，但相关产品仍未实现批量稳定生产与供应，而且全球领先的杜邦MT+型导热膜（采用化学亚胺化工艺生产，官方标称导热系数为0.85 W/(m·K)，按ASTM D5470标准实测≥1 W/(m·K)）在国内采购受限。因此，如何打破杜邦在高导热薄膜领域的垄断，已成为国内导热膜生产企业亟待解决的难题。为此，国内科研人员围绕提升导热膜导热系数已开展大量相关研究工作，其中通过聚酰胺酸树脂与氮化硼共混掺杂的方式制备导热膜是目前改善其导热性能最为有效的策略之一[6-10]。
本文采用六方氮化硼（h-BN）作为导热填料，基于桂林电器科学研究院有限公司（以下简称桂科院）的300 mm宽幅聚酰亚胺流延试验线（流延法）与1 200 mm宽幅聚酰亚胺双轴拉伸生产线（双拉法）的制膜数据，分别研究双拉法与流延法在配方、设备及工艺等方面对导热膜制备的影响。
1　流延法和双拉法设备及工艺
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1.1　生产设备
1.1.1　流延法
图1为流延法生产导热膜的示意图，生产设备主要由流延系统、亚胺化系统和收卷系统组成。流延系统中的钢带与亚胺化系统的牵引辊分别由独立电机控制调速。亚胺化系统依次分为溶剂挥发区、预亚胺化区、高温亚胺化区及冷却定型区4个区段，可实现溶剂脱除、初步环化、完全亚胺化与薄膜冷却定型。
生产时聚酰胺酸（PAA）树脂经流延系统模头挤出至环形钢带表面，通过初烘脱除大部分溶剂形成具有一定强度的自支撑流延膜；薄膜经剥离辊从钢带剥离后，被引入多级温区亚胺化系统中完成热亚胺化反应。牵引辊与钢带间的速度差可对薄膜施加纵向拉伸应力，在玻璃化转变温度以上促使分子链与填充的h-BN颗粒沿薄膜面内方向发生择优取向排列；随后在保持张力状态下进行热定型处理，使取向结构得以固定；最后薄膜经冷却定型区消除内应力、稳定尺寸，完成最终成型，并由收卷系统收卷为连续卷材。
1.1.2　双拉法
双拉法通过二次热定型技术，使高分子材料的分子链实现取向排列，包含纵向拉伸（纵拉系统）和横向拉伸（亚胺化系统）两个核心阶段。该工艺与传统流延法设备的主要区别在于：在流延系统与亚胺化系统之间增设了纵拉系统（如图2所示）。该系统主要由预热辊、退火辊和冷却辊构成，通过慢速辊与快速辊之间的速度差（速比控制）实现纵向拉伸；亚胺化系统内不设置牵引辊，而是采用可对薄膜进行横向拉伸且可梯度调节宽幅的导轨结构，导轨配置链铗对薄膜的边缘进行夹持（如图3所示）。当自支撑凝胶膜被链铗夹持固定进入亚胺化系统后，会依次经历预热、亚胺化反应、分子链定型及冷却固化等工序，最终形成成品薄膜。
1.2　生产工艺
1.2.1　工艺流程
导热膜生产工艺流程如图4所示，主要包括分散液制备、PAA树脂合成、PAA树脂消泡、流延成膜、亚胺化成膜（流延法和双拉法）、收卷、切边和热处理等过程。其中最关键的步骤包括分散液的制备、PAA树脂合成、流延成膜以及亚胺化成膜。
1.2.2　工艺调控参数
生产导热膜采用的流延法与双拉法工艺，在流延成膜、收卷、分切和热处理等环节基本一致，其主要差异体现在拉伸和亚胺化阶段。流延法的工艺调试过程相对简单，而双拉法则需对多个维度的工艺参数进行综合调控，双拉法相对流延法增加了导轨宽度梯度分布、亚胺炉横向温度分布、横拉入铗温度和亚胺炉内外气压分布和导热膜开铗控制等工艺控制。
2　导热膜生产关键技术
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生产高导热薄膜的技术方向颇多，如提高h-BN填充量、改善h-BN与树脂基体界面的相容性、优选h-BN复配体系以及增强h-BN在薄膜中的取向性等。另外，还有研究人员采用球磨、超声、化学剥离等方法对h-BN进行剥离，结果表明相同填料含量下，相比于未剥离的h-BN，剥离后的h-BN制备的导热膜导热系数明显提高[19-21]。
2.1　提高h-BN填充量
在相同工艺条件下，虽然h-BN填充量越多，导热膜的导热系数越高，但是提高h-BN填充量也会导致一系列负面效果，如降低成膜性和增加流延膜从钢带剥离的难度等。
2.1.1　成膜性
成膜性是决定导热膜产品生产良率的关键因素。当导热膜破边频率较高时，分切过程中须沿破损边缘进行纵向裁切，导致切边损耗较大；若出现膜断裂，则必须停机并重新启动生产。
h-BN填充量对导热膜成膜性的影响研究结果见表1。从表1可看出，当h-BN质量分数≤26%时，采用双拉法与流延法均可实现连续稳定的成膜过程，未观察到破边和断膜现象；当h-BN质量分数升至29%时，两种方法制备的薄膜均开始出现破边现象。其中流延法的破边频率为1个/天，而双拉法则高达10个/天。随着h-BN填充量的进一步增加，两种方法的破边频率均呈现上升趋势，但流延法的破边频率增长幅度显著低于双拉法。
上述现象的发生可能归因于双拉法制膜过程中，导热膜边缘需通过链铗固定进入亚胺炉，导热膜中高黏性的h-BN易与链铗表面发生分子吸附作用，当导热膜受到链铗夹持压力时，薄膜与夹持部位的粘附力增强，导致导热膜在开夹时易出现局部形变、拉痕或撕裂等缺陷。若撕裂范围进一步扩大，甚至可能引发断膜现象。而采用流延法制备的薄膜在亚胺炉内贴附于牵引辊表面，通过热收缩机制实现自适应调整，有效避免了粘辊现象导致的缺陷，并显著降低了边缘裂纹引发的断膜风险。
切边损耗与膜破边现象紧密相关。在执行分切作业过程中，若破边数量较少，则可将破边位置进行切断处理，形成接头，从而实现较低的损耗。然而，当破边数量较多时，必须沿着带有缺陷的薄膜表面边缘进行纵向切割，这将导致较大的边缘剪切损耗。从表1还可看出，采用流延法制膜时，当h-BN质量分数≤32%时，仅有10 mm的低切边损耗，当h-BN质量分数提升至35%时，破边频率升高至7个/天，此时必须沿着破损边缘进行纵向裁切，以满足客户对单幅膜长度的要求，切边损耗增加至24 mm。对于双拉法，当h-BN质量分数≤26%时，切边损耗主要来源于链铗夹持部分，这部分损耗约为60 mm。随着h-BN填充量增加至29%，破边频率升高至10个/天，切边损耗达到100 mm。随着h-BN用量的进一步增加，边缘破损的宽度略有增加，导致切边损耗达到120 mm。
2.1.2　流延膜钢带剥离性
由于h-BN晶体具有沿着晶面优先生长的特性，商业化的h-BN产品形貌主要为片状[11]。由于片状h-BN黏性大，导致流延膜难从钢带表面剥离，且剥离难度随着h-BN添加量的增加而增大。为提高流延膜钢带剥离性，常规方法是在PAA树脂中混入内脱模剂。
本文固定h-BN质量分数为30%，研究亚磷酸三苯酯、脱模剂X（自配）和二甲基硅油分别加入PAA树脂对钢带剥离效果和膜性能的影响，结果如表2所示。从表2可以看出，亚磷酸三苯酯质量分数为1‰～5‰，对流延膜的钢带剥离性提高效果不明显，且其加入会明显降低导热膜的电气强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率，但并不影响膜面外观；采用自配的脱模剂X能有效提高流延膜的钢带剥离性，当添加质量分数为1‰时仍存在局部难剥离问题，当质量分数增至3‰后即可解决流延膜钢带剥离问题，实现导热膜的连续化生产，然而其引入同样会导致导热膜的电气强度、拉伸强度以及断裂伸长率出现一定程度的下降，随着质量分数从1‰增至5‰，导热膜的电气强度从260 kV/mm降至220 kV/mm，拉伸强度从115 MPa降至102 MPa，断裂伸长率从40%降至29%；引入硅油能解决流延膜钢带剥离问题，但由于硅油与PAA树脂体系的相容性较差，制备的导热膜外观存在明显色差，且其引入也会一定程度降低导热膜的电气性能和力学性能。
综上所述，目前使用的自制脱模剂X已能有效解决h-BN质量分数为30%的流延膜钢带剥离问题，且其电气强度达到了247 kV/mm，可满足客户的使用需求。然而，当h-BN的质量分数提升至34%时，必须使用质量分数为5‰的自制脱模剂X才能解决流延膜钢带的剥离问题，此时制备的导热膜电气强度下降至210 kV/mm，已无法满足部分客户的需求。
2.2　h-BN/树脂界面匹配性
h-BN的引入会在导热膜中形成许多接触界面[12]，h-BN的高表面能和强聚集倾向导致h-BN与树脂基体的界面匹配性问题已成为制约导热膜性能提升的核心瓶颈[13]。首先，界面空隙的存在会导致声子传输路径受阻，进而导致导热膜的导热系数降低；其次，界面缺陷易引发应力集中效应，降低导热膜的拉伸强度，影响成膜连续性[4]；最后，由于界面匹配性不佳形成的h-BN大聚集体会增加树脂堵塞滤网的可能性，导致需频繁的停机更换滤网和重启生产线，损耗巨大。因此，如何提高h-BN与树脂的界面匹配性至关重要。
研究表明，在导热填料表面引入极性基团如-NH2、-OH以及含孤对电子的原子，可有效提高 h-BN与聚酰亚胺分子链间的相互作用[14-15]。分别采用质量分数为1%的KH550、KH560、多巴胺及NaOH对h-BN进行表面改性，将h-BN粉体分散于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺（DMAC）溶剂中，经高速研磨 3 h后干燥，制得改性h-BN粉末。以改性h-BN为导热填料，采用流延法制备导热膜，相关测试结果如表3所示。从表3可以看出，不同表面改性剂处理h-BN后对导热膜的导热系数提高不明显，同时改性剂的加入会增加流延膜的钢带剥离难度，这可能是由于h-BN的化学性质极为稳定，表面自由能低，且表面羟基数量极少，仅边缘存在少量可改性位点，表面改性困难，另外改性剂的引入增加了h-BN的粘接力，导致流延膜的钢带剥离难度增加。因此，在对h-BN进行表面改性时，如何降低其对流延膜钢带剥离性的影响极为关键。
2.3　h-BN筛选与组合
对国内外60多种h-BN样品进行扫描电镜分析并对其分散液的分散性进行测试，然后对制备的导热膜进行导热系数、电气强度、成膜性以及流延膜钢带剥离性的综合评估。结果表明，不同企业的 h-BN在粒径、粒径分布、径厚比、导电性及形貌等存在差异，采用单一h-BN制备的分散液分散性和导热膜性能各有优劣，目前，很难找到一种能同时满足优良分散性、高导热系数、高电气强度、良好成膜性和流延膜钢带易剥离性的h-BN，需通过多组分h-BN的协同配组，达成导热网络构建与界面优化之间的平衡，才能实现导热膜连续化生产工艺与综合性能的平衡。
图5为6种（分别命名为a型、b型、c型、d型、e型、f型）经典的h-BN表面形貌，放大倍率均为40 000倍；表4为不同h-BN种类对导热膜制备过程和导热膜成品性能的影响数据，其中导热系数指的是面外方向。
由图5和表4可见，a型与b型h-BN具有最大的粒径，其制备的导热膜导热系数亦为最高，分别达到了0.986 W/(m·K)和0.854 W/(m·K)。从宏观规律上分析，h-BN粒径与复合膜导热系数整体呈正相关关系[16]。然而，进一步对比发现，b型h-BN粒径虽大于a型，但采用其制备的导热膜导热系数反而更低。这一现象可从两方面进行解释：首先，本研究测得的导热系数为面外方向，而h-BN导热系数具有显著的各向异性，其面内导热系数远高于厚度方向。因此，h-BN颗粒在导热膜中沿垂直方向的取向度越高，越有利于提升面外导热性能。其中a型 h-BN颗粒存在大量卷曲结构，更易实现垂直取向，从而强化垂直方向导热通路。其次，b型h-BN的片层厚度显著大于a型，在相同添加量下，a型h-BN的颗粒数量更多，可构建更为密集且连续的导热网络，进而提高复合膜的导热系数。尽管a型与b型h-BN所制备的导热膜具备较高的导热系数，但二者在分散性、电气强度、成膜性及钢带剥离性等关键加工与性能指标上均表现不佳，难以满足实际生产和客户要求，因此不适宜作为工业化制备导热膜的优选填料。d型h-BN虽然导热系数最低，但其具备最优的分散性和电气强度，同时拥有良好的成膜性和流延膜钢带剥离性，可与其他导热系数高的h-BN进行复配使用。e型h-BN的分散性和导热系数表现一般，但其电气强度、成膜性和钢带剥离性较好，也可与其他具有优良导热性和分散性的 h-BN复配。而f型h-BN由于成膜性和电气强度较差，无法用于导热膜生产。此外，从图5还能发现，e型和f型h-BN的形貌相似，但二者制备的导热膜在导热系数、电气强度和成膜性方面存在显著差异。
2.4　流延法与双拉法对导热膜导热系数的影响
由于h-BN具有明显的导热系数方向特性，面内导热系数最高可达400 W/(m·K)，而面外方向的导热系数仅约为2 W/(m·K)，基于此特性，h-BN在膜内的垂直取向度越大，导热膜的导热系数就越大。鉴于h-BN的这一特性，近年来研究人员提出了多种策略以实现h-BN在膜中沿厚度方向有序排布，例如，将h-BN片层包覆在球形Al2O3表面[17]、利用磁场驱动[18]等。
鉴于流延法和双拉法的主要区别在于对氮化硼和分子链的取向方式不一致，本文对比了相同配方采用双拉法和流延法制备的导热膜导热系数区别，不同配方（A、B、C）的主要区别在于选用的 h-BN种类与组合不一致，研究结果如表5所示。从表5可以看出，在相同配方条件下，通过流延法制备的导热膜导热系数大于双拉法制备的导热膜，不同配方制备的导热膜导热系数分别实现了10%、19%、27%的显著提升。这一现象可能归因于流延法的单向拉伸作用，使得分子链与h-BN在纵向高度上实现了高度取向，并且具有更高的堆积密度，而双拉法的横向拉伸作用会破坏原有的取向结构，导致热传导路径紊乱。此外，采用流延法生产导热膜时，导热膜在牵引辊运行过程中可能会承受与辊面切线垂直的外力，从而提高h-BN在膜内的垂直取向度。
2.5　球形与片状导热填料使用对比分析
球形h-BN具有片状h-BN本征物性[9]的同时，还具有宏观等效导热系数可近似各向同性的特点，同时其低黏特性[22-23]还可能解决流延膜与钢带的剥离难题，具备多重优势。因此，采用球形h-BN替代片状h-BN理论上可有效提高导热膜的导热系数和改善钢带剥离难题。
咨询了十余家h-BN生产商，均未找到适合导热膜生产的球形h-BN粒径，为验证球形h-BN与片状h-BN制备导热膜应用区别，本文采用球形氧化铝替代球形h-BN进行研究，表6为在流延法生产线上采用球形α-氧化铝和片状h-BN制备的导热膜相关数据，其中氧化铝导热系数为30 W/(m·K)，h-BN的a轴和c轴方向导热系数分别为2 W/(m·K)和300 W/(m·K)，均未添加脱模剂，质量分数为30%，制备的导热膜厚度为50 μm。
从表6可以看出，虽然h-BN的c轴方向导热系数为氧化铝的10倍，但其制备的薄膜导热系数仅为氧化铝制备薄膜的1.4倍；球形氧化铝制备的分散液分散性和成膜性均优于片状h-BN；采用球形氧化铝制备导热膜，即使不添加脱模剂也能正常剥离。
3　结论
收起
（1）双拉法在生产设备、工艺流程及工艺调节参数方面较流延法更为复杂。当h-BN质量分数≤26%时，两种生产方法的成膜性均良好；当质量分数升至29%时，薄膜出现破边现象；此后随着h-BN质量分数的进一步提高，破边数量逐渐增加，且双拉法的破边问题加剧更为迅速。
（2）亚磷酸三苯酯对流延膜的钢带剥离性改善效果不明显，且其加入会显著降低导热膜的电气性能和拉伸性能；硅油的添加会影响膜面外观；自制脱模剂X可有效解决钢带剥离难题，但当h-BN量分数≥34%时，导热膜的电气强度会明显下降。采用KH550、KH560、多巴胺、NaOH等对h-BN表面改性会增加流延膜钢带剥离难度。
（3）不同h-BN在分散性、导热系数、电气强度、成膜性及流延膜钢带剥离性等方面各具优势，通过合理的h-BN协同配组，可实现导热膜连续化生产工艺与综合性能的平衡。采用相同配方时，通过流延法制备的导热膜导热系数明显优于双拉法制备的导热膜。球形氧化铝相较于片状h-BN，具有更优异的钢带剥离性与分散性。

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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.016
  • 接收时间：2025-05-20
  • 首发时间：2026-09-10
  • 出版时间：2026-04-20
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  • 收稿日期：2025-05-20
  • 修回日期：2025-07-15
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    桂林电器科学研究院有限公司，广西　桂林　541004
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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