Article(id=1304923143064281345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304923090710982825, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747152000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-14, revisedDate=1748966400000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047521605, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1776614400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047521605, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047521605, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047521605, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304923090710982825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776614400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047509124, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789118076681, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305219072573071941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304923090710982825, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305219072573071942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304923090710982825, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=123, endPage=130, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304923143244636418, articleId=1304923143064281345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Analysis on mixed use of stator bars with two types of anti-corona structure from different manufacturers for large hydro-generators, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the problem that the anti-corona structure of newly replaced stator bars is different from that of original factory stator bars when the stator bar is partially replaced in the stator winding accident handling for large hydro-generators, this paper employed the finite element simulation software to simulate and analyze the electric field distribution at the winding ends of the stator bars with two kinds of anti-corona structures under mixed use conditions, and calculate the distribution laws of potential and electric field intensity at the ends. A wingding model was constructed based on two kinds of stator bars, and the theoretical analysis results were verified by corona test. The results show that under the 1.1UN assessment voltage, the electric field intensity at the end of the stator winding with a mixed use of the bars with two kinds of anti-corona structures meets the requirements of relevant standards, and there is no abnormal corona risk. The test further confirms that the mixed use of the stator bars with two kinds of anti-corona structures can effectively avoid corona corrosion at the end. This study verifies the feasibility of the mixed use of newly developed anti-corona structure bars and original factory bars, providing reliable technical support for the partial replacement of stator windings in large hydro-generators.

, authors=Daijun LIU1, Chengwei HUANG2, 3, *, Siyuan PENG2, 3, Xiaoying DONG1, Yuguang MAN2, Yanbing JI1, Chunxiu HU2, 3, Run KUANG1, authorsList=Daijun LIU, Chengwei HUANG, Siyuan PENG, Xiaoying DONG, Yuguang MAN, Yanbing JI, Chunxiu HU, Run KUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chengwei HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304923146046431521, articleId=1304923143064281345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=大型水轮发电机不同制造厂的两种防晕结构线棒混用分析, columnId=1192878364483531003, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=测试与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对大型水轮发电机定子绕组事故处理中局部更换线棒时,新换定子线棒与原厂线棒防晕结构存在差异的问题,本文采用有限元仿真软件,模拟分析两种防晕结构定子线棒在混用工况下绕组端部的电场分布,计算端部电势及电场强度分布规律;基于两种线棒构建绕组模型,通过电晕试验验证理论分析结果。结果表明:在1.1UN考核电压下,两种防晕结构线棒混合使用的定子绕组端部电场强度符合相关标准要求,无异常电晕风险;试验进一步证实,两种防晕结构线棒混合使用可有效避免端部电晕腐蚀。本研究验证了新开发防晕结构线棒与原厂线棒混合使用的可行性,为大型水轮发电机定子绕组局部更换提供了可靠技术支撑。

, authors=刘代军1, 黄程伟2, 3, *, 彭斯远2, 3, 董晓英1, 满宇光2, 吉彦兵1, 胡春秀2, 3, 匡润1, authorsList=刘代军, 黄程伟, 彭斯远, 董晓英, 满宇光, 吉彦兵, 胡春秀, 匡润, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=黄程伟, authorNote=

刘代军(1972-),男(汉族),黑龙江木兰人,高级工程师,主要从事水电站电气技术的研究

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黄程伟(1983-),男(汉族),黑龙江哈尔滨人,高级工程师,主要从事大型发电机绝缘技术的研究。
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刘代军(1972-),男(汉族),黑龙江木兰人,高级工程师,主要从事水电站电气技术的研究

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刘代军(1972-),男(汉族),黑龙江木兰人,高级工程师,主要从事水电站电气技术的研究

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Beijing: Standard Press of China,2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923154288239019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923143064281345, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=41, authorNames=中国电力企业联合会标准化中心, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国电力企业联合会标准化中心.水轮发电机组安装技术规范:GB/T 8564—2023[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923154363736492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923143064281345, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=42, authorNames=Standardization Center on Electricity Council of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Standardization Center on Electricity Council of China. Technical specification for installation of hydro-generator sets: GB/T 8564—2023[S]. 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(a) 电势分布 (b) 电势曲线

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(a) 电势分布 (b) 电势曲线

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(a) 电势分布 (b) 线棒表面电势

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(a) 电场强度分布 (b) 沿面电场强度

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(a) 电势分布 (b) 线棒表面电势

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(a) 电场强度分布 (b) 沿面电场强度

, figureFileSmall=M5mpMz4U8De7Ox8GvUAnbA==, figureFileBig=glD6hun/0cwMyFH1SJgF5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150261707120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923143064281345, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Potential distribution of winding and surface potential curves of stator bar under 2.0UN+3.0 kV, figureFileSmall=id0/AouPiG9H4nvBOSTDkg==, figureFileBig=7IinI2cuLVD7BEBzKPBn/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150320427377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923143064281345, language=CN, label=图9, caption=2.0UN+3.0 kV下绕组电势分布及线棒表面电势曲线

(a) 绕组电势分布 (b) 线棒表面电势

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(a) 电场强度分布 (b) 沿面电场强度

, figureFileSmall=kkpJZa8G5fdkdwlYDOtJqA==, figureFileBig=WZ44rn1UbgyGajnme2TOJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150517559668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923143064281345, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Potential distribution of winding and surface potential curves of each bar when 1.1UN voltage is applied to type A stator bars, figureFileSmall=2ogT5A/lzocWHMaXv8aDPA==, figureFileBig=coyxHX0AH8Fl2t+VeG1dmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150601445749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923143064281345, language=CN, label=图11, caption=A种定子线棒施加1.1UN电压时绕组电势分布图及各线棒电势分布曲线

(a) 绕组电势分布 (b) 线棒表面电势

, figureFileSmall=2ogT5A/lzocWHMaXv8aDPA==, figureFileBig=coyxHX0AH8Fl2t+VeG1dmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150660166006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923143064281345, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Electric field intensity distribution of winding and surface electric field intensity curves of each bar when 1.1UN voltage is applied to type A stator bars, figureFileSmall=kx/uwVzEwEjafAlfBAIoQg==, figureFileBig=+8Hxrg97ZfiHC6vWCxdmvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150731469175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923143064281345, language=CN, label=图12, caption=A种定子线棒施加1.1UN电压时的绕组电场强度分布图及各线棒沿面电场强度分布曲线

(a) 电场强度分布 (b) 沿面电场强度

, figureFileSmall=kx/uwVzEwEjafAlfBAIoQg==, figureFileBig=+8Hxrg97ZfiHC6vWCxdmvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150790189432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923143064281345, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Potential distribution of the winding and surface potential curves of each bar when 1.5UN voltage is applied to type A stator bars, figureFileSmall=r3JpnleSQGsdS8oS5edwaQ==, figureFileBig=4RjG/NNIdETSjBxDRUtA1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150861492601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923143064281345, language=CN, label=图13, caption=A种定子线棒施加1.5UN电压时的绕组电势分布图及各线棒表面电势分布曲线

(a) 绕组电势分布 (b) 线棒表面电势

, figureFileSmall=r3JpnleSQGsdS8oS5edwaQ==, figureFileBig=4RjG/NNIdETSjBxDRUtA1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150932795770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923143064281345, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Electric field intensity distribution of winding and surface electric field intensity curves of each bar when 1.5UN voltage is applied to type A stator bars, figureFileSmall=3xyXjMrrFCV4tSQHR0anTw==, figureFileBig=nQ8i7DpX93lY19aCl+vE+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150999904635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923143064281345, language=CN, label=图14, caption=A种定子线棒施加1.5UN电压时的电场强度分布图及各线棒沿面电场强度分布曲线

(a) 绕组电场分布 (b) 沿面电场强度

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The main parameters of type A and B stator bar materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料电导率/(S/m)相对介电常数
空气1×10-151.0
铜导体5.998×1071.0
主绝缘1×10-154.0
A种中阻防晕材料1×10-75.0
A种中高阻防晕材料1×10-85.2
A种高阻防晕材料1×10-125.1
B种高阻防晕材料9.3×10-65.2
), ArticleFig(id=1304923151276728703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923143064281345, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

A种和B种定子线棒材料的主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料电导率/(S/m)相对介电常数
空气1×10-151.0
铜导体5.998×1071.0
主绝缘1×10-154.0
A种中阻防晕材料1×10-75.0
A种中高阻防晕材料1×10-85.2
A种高阻防晕材料1×10-125.1
B种高阻防晕材料9.3×10-65.2
), ArticleFig(id=1304923151343837568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923143064281345, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Wiring modes of conductors in the stator bars for AC electric field simulation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
仿真工况线棒编号仿真线棒接线方式
工频交流耐压状态TB1(A种定子线棒)接电压
TB2(B种定子线棒)接电压
TB3(B种定子线棒)接电压
BB1(B种定子线棒)接电压
BB2(B种定子线棒)接电压
BB3(A种定子线棒)接电压
模拟运行状态TB1(A种定子线棒)接电压
TB2(B种定子线棒)接地
TB3(B种定子线棒)接地
BB1(B种定子线棒)接地
BB2(B种定子线棒)接地
BB3(A种定子线棒)接电压
), ArticleFig(id=1304923151406752129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923143064281345, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

交流电场仿真线棒导线接线方式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
仿真工况线棒编号仿真线棒接线方式
工频交流耐压状态TB1(A种定子线棒)接电压
TB2(B种定子线棒)接电压
TB3(B种定子线棒)接电压
BB1(B种定子线棒)接电压
BB2(B种定子线棒)接电压
BB3(A种定子线棒)接电压
模拟运行状态TB1(A种定子线棒)接电压
TB2(B种定子线棒)接地
TB3(B种定子线棒)接地
BB1(B种定子线棒)接地
BB2(B种定子线棒)接地
BB3(A种定子线棒)接电压
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大型水轮发电机不同制造厂的两种防晕结构线棒混用分析
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刘代军 1 , 黄程伟 2, 3, * , 彭斯远 2, 3 , 董晓英 1 , 满宇光 2 , 吉彦兵 1 , 胡春秀 2, 3 , 匡润 1
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2026,59(4): 123-130
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绝缘材料 |测试与分析 2026 , 59 (4) : 123 -130
大型水轮发电机不同制造厂的两种防晕结构线棒混用分析
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刘代军1, 黄程伟2, 3, *, 彭斯远2, 3, 董晓英1, 满宇光2, 吉彦兵1, 胡春秀2, 3, 匡润1
作者信息
  • 1中国长江电力股份有限公司,湖北 宜昌 443000
  • 2哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040
  • 3哈尔滨大电机研究所有限责任公司,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040
通讯作者:
黄程伟(1983-),男(汉族),黑龙江哈尔滨人,高级工程师,主要从事大型发电机绝缘技术的研究。
作者简介:

刘代军(1972-),男(汉族),黑龙江木兰人,高级工程师,主要从事水电站电气技术的研究

Analysis on mixed use of stator bars with two types of anti-corona structure from different manufacturers for large hydro-generators
Daijun LIU1, Chengwei HUANG2, 3, *, Siyuan PENG2, 3, Xiaoying DONG1, Yuguang MAN2, Yanbing JI1, Chunxiu HU2, 3, Run KUANG1
Affiliations
  • 1China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd., Yichang 443000, China
  • 2Harbin Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., Harbin 150040, China
  • 3Harbin Research Institute of Large Electrical Machinery Co., Ltd., Harbin 150040, China
出版时间: 2026-04-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.015
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针对大型水轮发电机定子绕组事故处理中局部更换线棒时,新换定子线棒与原厂线棒防晕结构存在差异的问题,本文采用有限元仿真软件,模拟分析两种防晕结构定子线棒在混用工况下绕组端部的电场分布,计算端部电势及电场强度分布规律;基于两种线棒构建绕组模型,通过电晕试验验证理论分析结果。结果表明:在1.1UN考核电压下,两种防晕结构线棒混合使用的定子绕组端部电场强度符合相关标准要求,无异常电晕风险;试验进一步证实,两种防晕结构线棒混合使用可有效避免端部电晕腐蚀。本研究验证了新开发防晕结构线棒与原厂线棒混合使用的可行性,为大型水轮发电机定子绕组局部更换提供了可靠技术支撑。

定子线棒  /  端部防晕结构  /  大型水轮发电机  /  混合使用  /  电场仿真

Aiming at the problem that the anti-corona structure of newly replaced stator bars is different from that of original factory stator bars when the stator bar is partially replaced in the stator winding accident handling for large hydro-generators, this paper employed the finite element simulation software to simulate and analyze the electric field distribution at the winding ends of the stator bars with two kinds of anti-corona structures under mixed use conditions, and calculate the distribution laws of potential and electric field intensity at the ends. A wingding model was constructed based on two kinds of stator bars, and the theoretical analysis results were verified by corona test. The results show that under the 1.1UN assessment voltage, the electric field intensity at the end of the stator winding with a mixed use of the bars with two kinds of anti-corona structures meets the requirements of relevant standards, and there is no abnormal corona risk. The test further confirms that the mixed use of the stator bars with two kinds of anti-corona structures can effectively avoid corona corrosion at the end. This study verifies the feasibility of the mixed use of newly developed anti-corona structure bars and original factory bars, providing reliable technical support for the partial replacement of stator windings in large hydro-generators.

stator bars  /  end anti-corona structure  /  large hydro-generators  /  mixed use  /  electric field simulation
刘代军, 黄程伟, 彭斯远, 董晓英, 满宇光, 吉彦兵, 胡春秀, 匡润. 大型水轮发电机不同制造厂的两种防晕结构线棒混用分析. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (4) : 123 -130 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.015
Daijun LIU, Chengwei HUANG, Siyuan PENG, Xiaoying DONG, Yuguang MAN, Yanbing JI, Chunxiu HU, Run KUANG. Analysis on mixed use of stator bars with two types of anti-corona structure from different manufacturers for large hydro-generators[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (4) : 123 -130 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.015
大型水轮发电机定子绕组主要由定子线棒组成,当机组发生局部事故时,需更换部分定子线棒。因不同厂家定子线棒的材料与结构存在差异,无法直接互换。如果定子线棒防晕结构不匹配,可能在安装后耐压试验及机组运行期间产生电晕,进而腐蚀定子绕组导致绝缘失效[1-8]
目前,定子线棒端部防晕结构的设计已逐步采用有限元电场分析计算方法开展[9-20]。文献[10-14]介绍了有限元仿真方法在发电机定子线棒电场分布研究上的应用;文献[15]基于有限元仿真方法研究了绝缘参数对定子线棒端部电场和电位分布的影响;文献[16-17]运用有限元仿真方法研究定子绕组端部电场的问题;文献[18-20]采用有限元分析方法研究了高海拔下定子绕组端部的电场。以上的研究都是针对同一种定子线棒防晕结构,不涉及电厂事故处理采用两种定子线棒防晕结构的特别情况,以往电厂事故处理时仅能依赖原制造商,但部分厂家供货周期长,难以满足紧急抢修需求。为拓宽备品线棒供应渠道,需研究不同防晕结构定子线棒混装的可行性。
本文以两种不同端部防晕结构的定子线棒为研究对象,建立定子线棒及定子绕组三维仿真模型,分别计算不同接线方式和电压下的电场分布、端部表面电势和电场强度,分析混装异构防晕结构线棒在耐压试验和电晕考核试验等状态下的电场。然后搭建真机绕组模型,测试模型在标准固定电压下的防电晕性能,验证混装异构防晕结构定子线棒的防电晕性能。
采用有限元仿真分析和真机模型试验两种方式对不同防晕结构定子线棒混用的可行性进行分析验证。
本研究所述的两种防晕结构,一种是三段防晕结构,另一种为双层叠包结构。三段防晕结构主要分为三层:内层为中阻段、中高阻段、高阻段构成的三段结构,中间层为绝缘层,外层为高阻防晕层。双层叠包结构虽整体分为三层(内层、中间层、外层),但因包含两层高阻防晕层(内层和外层均为同一种高阻防晕层),故称为“双层叠包”,中间层为绝缘层。两种防晕结构的厚度不同,三段防晕结构的整体厚度较薄,主要通过防晕层阻值调节电场分布;双层叠包结构中的绝缘层厚度较厚,除采用防晕层调节电场分布外,中间绝缘层的厚度对电场分布也有一定的调节作用。此外,双层叠包结构总长较短,厚度较厚,适用于线棒端部直线段间距较大的位置,对线棒斜边间距影响小,且所需材料和结构相对简易;三段防晕结构的内层三段结构总长较长,所需材料种类较多,操作工艺相对繁杂。
建立两种不同端部防晕结构的定子线棒和定子绕组模型的三维仿真模型,模拟一根A种定子线棒替代B种定子线棒安装在原来由B种线棒组成的绕组上。计算定子绕组端部在工频交流电压下的稳态电场分布。搭建真机定子线棒绕组模型,对其防电晕性能进行测试。
所有仿真场域控制方程如式(1)所示[20]
-(σV+jωε0εrV)=0
式(1)中:V为电位;σ为材料的电导率;ω为角频率;ε0为真空介电常数;εr为材料的相对介电常数;为哈密顿算子。
主绝缘层和附加绝缘层的材料参数采用多胶云母绝缘参数,在其属性设置中添加物理场所需要的相对介电常数和电导率等。
定子线棒端部防晕材料采用低阻防晕材料、中阻防晕材料、中高阻防晕材料、高阻防晕材料。
A种定子线棒端部防晕结构为三段结构,B种定子线棒端部防晕结构为双层叠包结构。算例所采用的主要材料参数参考文献[9,11]和实测值,计算时采用的电导率和相对介电常数见表1
根据两种定子线棒结构建立三维模型,如图1所示。
建立定子绕组端部模型,由A种定子线棒及与其相邻的B种定子线棒组成,定子绕组模型上下层线棒数量各3支,绕组端部结构尺寸按照绕组实际尺寸。上层线棒编号分别为TB1、TB2、TB3,下层线棒编号分别为BB1、BB2和BB3。线棒TB1和BB3使用A种定子线棒;TB2、TB3、BB1和BB2线棒使用B种定子线棒,绕组端部模型如图2所示。
定子绕组中各线棒接线方式如表2所示。仿真工况分为两种,一种为线棒引线全部接交流电压,模拟线棒进行工频交流耐压时的状态;另一种为A种定子线棒引线接交流电压,B种定子线棒引线接地,模拟电机运行时线棒间存在电势差的状态。
模型边界条件中,铁心槽壁设为接地边界,模拟实际接地情况,定子线棒导线设为高电压端。
模拟绕组仿真时施加的交流电压分为两种情况:
(1)A种定子线棒和B种定子线棒均施加交流电压,分别为1.1UN、1.5UN、2.0UN+3.0 kV,UN为额定电压(23 kV)。
(2)A种定子线棒施加交流电压,分别为1.1UN和1.5UN,其余线棒导线接地。
线棒施加电压值主要考虑机组安装的交流耐压试验和电晕考核试验,因为混合使用机组定子线棒属于局部更换,所以交流耐压试验值按照1.5UN执行。作为对比也计算了机组安装完成时耐压试验下的电场,电压值选取为2.0UN+3.0 kV。相关国家标准[21-22]和技术合同对定子绕组起晕电压考核值一般规定为1.0UN~1.1UN,本文取较高值1.1UN进行计算。
线棒导线施加1.5UN电压时,A种定子线棒端部的电势分布云图和电势分布曲线见图3。由图3可知,线棒低阻防晕带处电势为0 kV,电势从线棒低阻防晕带向高阻防晕带逐渐升高,在中高阻区域,电势出现明显峰值,在高阻防晕带区域电势逐渐趋于平稳,高阻防晕带电势最终与外施的1.5UN电压相同。
线棒导线施加1.5UN电压时,B种定子线棒端部的电势分布云图和电势分布曲线见图4。从图4可以看出,线棒低阻防晕带处电势为0 kV,电势从线棒低阻防晕带向高阻防晕带逐渐升高,在中高阻区域出现最大电势,在高阻防晕带区域电势逐渐趋于平稳,高阻防晕带电势最终与外施的1.5UN电压相同。
由上述可知,两种线棒端部表面电势分布趋势相同,但因为防晕层结构不同,A种定子线棒表面电势变化梯度相较B种定子线棒更小,防晕效果更优。这是因为B种定子线棒采用的双层叠包防晕结构,防晕长度相对较短,导致在外层防晕端部电势变化较大。
当定子绕组中所有线棒导线施加1.1UN电压时,计算得到的电势分布图及线棒表面电势曲线如图5所示。从图5可以看出,定子线棒端部表面电势在引线端处于较高水平,整体沿槽部方向呈降低趋势,且在防晕区表现为先升高后降低的波动特征,最终在槽部区域降至零电位。此外,上下层线棒因直线长度不同,电势降为零的位置存在差异;两种防晕结构的线棒因结构差异,端部电场分布也有所区别。
当定子绕组中所有线棒导线施加电势为1.1UN时,计算得到的电场强度分布图及表面的电场强度分布曲线如图6所示。从图6可以看出,电场强度较大区域主要集中在定子线棒端部的绑扎结构处,这是由于绕组三维模型的绑扎结构存在尖角等不规则形状,导致局部电场强度计算值高于真实值,其中最高电场强度为2.09 kV/mm。机组实际安装时,可通过将尖角做圆角处理降低绑扎结构处的最大电场强度,从而避免电晕放电的发生。
绕组在1.5UN电压下的电势分布图及各线棒表面电势曲线如图7所示。从图7可以看出,定子线棒端部表面电势分布趋势与1.1UN下的计算结果一致,但电势数值略高。
绕组在1.5UN电压下的电场强度分布图及各线棒表面电场强度分布曲线如图8所示。从图8可以看出,电场强度较大区域主要在定子线棒端部绑扎结构处,最高电场强度为2.85 kV/mm。
绕组在2.0UN+3.0 kV电压下的电势分布及各线棒表面电势分布曲线如图9所示。从图9可以看出,定子线棒端部表面电势分布趋势与1.1UN下的计算结果一致,但电势数值更高。
绕组在2.0UN+3.0 kV电压下的电场强度分布图及各线棒表面的电场强度分布曲线如图10所示。从图10可以看出,电场强度较大区域主要在定子线棒绑扎结构处,最高电场强度为4.1 kV/mm。
由以上仿真结果可知,最大电场强度出现在线棒端部的绑扎结构处,电场强度大小与外施电压成正比。在相同外施电压下,B种定子线棒端部绑扎结构处电场强度高于A种定子线棒。
定子绕组在安装阶段需要进行考核试验:局部更换定子绕组的最后一级耐压试验电压为1.5UN;定子绕组安装完成后,根据国家标准[21-22]及技术合同,其起晕电压的考核值一般为1.0UN~1.1UN,本文选取1.1UN和1.5UN进行仿真分析。
图11为A种定子线棒施加1.1UN电压时绕组电势分布图和各线棒表面的电势分布曲线。从图11可以看出,对A种定子线棒施加1.1UN电压时,与其相邻的B种定子线棒呈现一定电势,而与A种定子线棒相间隔的定子线棒电势无明显变化。
图12为A种定子线棒施加1.1UN电压时的绕组电场强度分布图及各线棒表面电场强度分布曲线。从图12可以看出,A种定子绕组中最高电场强度为0.872 kV/mm,且场强较高的区域为绕组端部绑扎结构处。
图13为A种定子线棒施加1.5UN电压时的绕组电势分布图及各线棒表面电势分布曲线。从图13可以看出,施加1.5UN电压时的电势分布与施加1.1UN电压时趋势相同,数值略高。
图14为A种定子线棒施加1.5UN电压时的绕组电场强度分布图及各线棒表面电场强度分布曲线。从图14可以看出,绕组中的最高电场强度为1.21 kV/mm,且场强较高的区域集中在绕组端部绑扎结构处。
由上述仿真结果可见,A种定子线棒加压时,绕组中电场强度较高的区域为绕组端部绑扎结构处,且电场强度大小与外施电压成正比。
综上仿真结果可知,定子绕组端部的最高电场强度分布在端部绑扎结构处。对于A种定子线棒,当用其替代B种定子线棒应用于绕组时,最高电场强度不仅不分布在A种定子线棒处,且绕组中最高电场强度低于工程上常用的空气电气强度有效值2.12 kV/mm。这表明A种定子线棒可局部替代B种定子线棒用于绕组,且不会引发电晕放电。同时,需重点关注端部绑扎结构处的最高电场强度,必要时可通过优化该结构降低绕组的最大电场强度。
依照仿真模型搭建真机定子线棒绕组模型,该模型共包含6根定子线棒,其中A、B两种定子线棒的摆放方式与仿真模型保持一致;模型整体长度为5.0 m、宽度为1.6 m,其端部结构如图15所示。
定子绕组模型端部依据1.4节工况条件,分别进行了全部线棒和A种定子线棒单独加压试验。采用紫外成像仪从各角度对模型端部进行实时观测。
由A种和B种定子线棒组成的定子绕组模型,在两种接线方式下均满足1.1UN考核电压下不发生电晕放电的要求,并通过了1.5UN交流耐压试验,试验过程中没有发生电晕放电。表明采用A种定子线棒替代B种定子线棒时,绕组能够通过安装阶段的交流耐压试验及起晕电压试验,说明两种防晕结构的定子线棒可以混合使用。
本文针对两种防晕结构定子线棒的混合使用开展分析,通过建立两种定子线棒及绕组模型,采用有限元仿真方法计算A、B两种定子线棒及绕组的电势分布与电场强度,并搭建模型进行试验验证,得出如下结论:
(1)两种定子线棒的端部防晕结构存在差异,在施加相同的1.5UN交流电压时,其端部电势分布曲线略有不同,A种定子线棒的端部防晕性能略优于B种定子线棒。
(2)由两种定子线棒组成的绕组,在全部线棒同时加压及A种定子线棒单独加压两种情况下,绕组的最高电场强度均分布于绕组绑扎结构处。
(3)由两种定子线棒组成的真机绕组模型,在全部线棒施加1.5UN电压时未观测到电晕放电,在A种定子线棒施加1.1UN电压、其余线棒接地时,同样未观测到电晕放电。
综上,本文所述的两种防晕结构定子线棒可混合使用。

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2026年第59卷第4期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.015
  • 接收时间:2025-05-14
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-14
  • 修回日期:2025-06-04
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    1中国长江电力股份有限公司,湖北 宜昌 443000
    2哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040
    3哈尔滨大电机研究所有限责任公司,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040

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黄程伟(1983-),男(汉族),黑龙江哈尔滨人,高级工程师,主要从事大型发电机绝缘技术的研究。
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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