Article(id=1304923144553263872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304923090710982825, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751990400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-09, revisedDate=1755705600000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047521961, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1776614400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047521961, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047521961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047521961, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304923090710982825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776614400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047509124, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789118076681, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305219072573071941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304923090710982825, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305219072573071942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304923090710982825, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=115, endPage=122, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304923144733618945, articleId=1304923144553263872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Research on partial discharge characteristics of metal dust in GIS based on photon counting and light intensity measurements, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Dust-like metal particles are commonly found inside the cavity of GIS that has been operated for many years. However, there is still no clear conclusion as to whether the metal dust will cause partial discharge (PD) and thereby pose a threat to the GIS insulation. In this study, five measurement techniques including photon counting, optical intensity, UHF, ultrasonic, and pulse current methods were employed to investigate the PD characteristics of metal dust with different particle sizes and unit area concentrations under AC voltage. The adaptability of different measurement methods to the measurement of local discharge signals induced by dust particles was clarified, and the mechanism of discharge voltage reduction for insulating gas caused by dust accumulation was preliminarily examined. The results show that compared to optical methods, UHF, ultrasonic, and pulse current methods show lower sensitivity to PD signals generated by metal dust. The number of photons generated by metal dustincreases with the increase of unit area concentration and electrical field strength, and the amplitude of PD optical intensity signals shows a positive correlation with the particle size of dust. Furthermore, the accumulation of metal dust will to some extent reduce the insulation performance of the gas gap in GIS.

, authors=Chuanjie LIN1, Yang WANG1, Shihong LU1, Ning CHEN1, Runhao ZHANG1, Tong WU1, Xianhao FAN2, Chuanyang LI2, authorsList=Chuanjie LIN, Yang WANG, Shihong LU, Ning CHEN, Runhao ZHANG, Tong WU, Xianhao FAN, Chuanyang LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304923146541363988, articleId=1304923144553263872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=基于光子和光强测量的GIS金属粉尘局部放电特征研究, columnId=1192878364483531003, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=测试与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

粉尘状金属微粒常见于运行多年的GIS腔体内部。然而,对于金属粉尘是否会引发局部放电进而对GIS绝缘造成危害等问题目前尚无定论。鉴于此,本文基于光学(光子计数及光强)、特高频、超声及脉冲电流法,研究交流电压下不同粒径和单位面积浓度的金属粉尘局部放电特征,明确不同测量方法对粉尘微粒诱发的局部放电信号测量的适应性,并对粉尘堆积引发绝缘气体放电电压降低的机制进行初步探索。结果表明:相比于光学法,UHF、超声与脉冲电流法对金属粉尘局部放电测量的灵敏度较低;金属粉尘产生的光子数量随单位面积浓度和电场强度增加而上升,且测得的局放光强信号幅值与粉尘粒径呈正相关。此外,金属粉尘堆积会在一定程度上降低GIS气体间隙的绝缘性能。

, authors=林川杰1, 王阳1, 卢诗鸿1, 陈宁1, 张润昊1, 吴桐1, 范贤浩2, 李传扬2, authorsList=林川杰, 王阳, 卢诗鸿, 陈宁, 张润昊, 吴桐, 范贤浩, 李传扬, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

林川杰(1993-),男(汉族),福建福州人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事变电设备运维检修相关技术的研究

王阳(1993-),男(汉族),福建福州人,工程师,博士,主要从事变电运维专业的工作

李传扬(1987-),男(汉族),副研究员,博士,主要从事直流GIL/GIL基础理论、关键技术及装备研发的研究。

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林川杰(1993-),男(汉族),福建福州人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事变电设备运维检修相关技术的研究

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林川杰(1993-),男(汉族),福建福州人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事变电设备运维检修相关技术的研究

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王阳(1993-),男(汉族),福建福州人,工程师,博士,主要从事变电运维专业的工作

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李传扬(1987-),男(汉族),副研究员,博士,主要从事直流GIL/GIL基础理论、关键技术及装备研发的研究。

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李传扬(1987-),男(汉族),副研究员,博士,主要从事直流GIL/GIL基础理论、关键技术及装备研发的研究。

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Status and prospect of ultrasonic detection for GIS/GIL insulators[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2023,49(9):3596-3606., articleTitle=Status and prospect of ultrasonic detection for GIS/GIL insulators, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923151717135209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=849, pageEnd=860, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=李庆民, 王健, 李伯涛, journalName=高电压技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李庆民,王健,李伯涛,.GIS/GIL中金属微粒污染问题研究进展[J].高电压技术,2016,42(3):849-860., articleTitle=GIS/GIL中金属微粒污染问题研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923151784244074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=849, pageEnd=860, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=3, authorNames=LI Qingmin, WANG Jian, LI Botao, journalName=High Voltage Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Qingmin, WANG Jian, LI Botao, et al. Review on metal particle contamination in GIS/GIL[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(3):849-860., articleTitle=Review on metal particle contamination in GIS/GIL, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923151855547243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=4, authorNames=马康, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马康.直流GIS/GIL中金属微粒粉尘动力学特性及治理方法的研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2023., articleTitle=直流GIS/GIL中金属微粒粉尘动力学特性及治理方法的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923151922656108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=5, authorNames=MA Kang, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA Kang. Study on the dynamic characteristics and suppressing methods of metal particle dust in DC GIS/SIL[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University,2023., articleTitle=Study on the dynamic characteristics and suppressing methods of metal particle dust in DC GIS/SIL, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923151993959277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=49, issue=9, pageStart=3607, pageEnd=3624, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=6, authorNames=李庆民, 魏来, 薛乃凡, journalName=高电压技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李庆民,魏来,薛乃凡,.交直流GIS/GIL微纳粉尘可视化探测技术研究进展[J].高电压技术,2023,49(9):3607-3624., articleTitle=交直流GIS/GIL微纳粉尘可视化探测技术研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923152069456750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=49, issue=9, pageStart=3607, pageEnd=3624, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=7, authorNames=LI Qingmin, WEI Lai, XUE Naifan, journalName=High Voltage Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Qingmin, WEI Lai, XUE Naifan, et al.Research advances in visualization detection technology of micron-nano dust in AC and DC GIS/GIL[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2023,49(9):3607-3624., articleTitle=Research advances in visualization detection technology of micron-nano dust in AC and DC GIS/GIL, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923152140759919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=37, issue=13, pageStart=3380, pageEnd=3392, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=8, authorNames=薛乃凡, 李庆民, 刘智鹏, journalName=电工技术学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=薛乃凡,李庆民,刘智鹏,.微纳粉尘运动行为与微弱放电探测技术研究进展[J].电工技术学报,2022,37(13):3380-3392., articleTitle=微纳粉尘运动行为与微弱放电探测技术研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923152207868784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=37, issue=13, pageStart=3380, pageEnd=3392, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XUE Naifan, LI Qingmin, LIU Zhipeng, et al, Research advances of the detection technology for kinetic behavior and weak discharge of the micro-nano dust[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2022,37(13):3380-3392., articleTitle=XUE Naifan, LI Qingmin, LIU Zhipeng, et al, Research advances of the detection technology for kinetic behavior and weak discharge of the micro-nano dust, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923152300143473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=55, issue=7, pageStart=104, pageEnd=111, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=10, authorNames=朱旭亮, 何金, 张黎明, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱旭亮,何金,张黎明,.绝缘子沿面局部放电的光电探测效率分析研究[J].绝缘材料,2022,55(7):104-111., articleTitle=绝缘子沿面局部放电的光电探测效率分析研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923152367252338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=55, issue=7, pageStart=104, pageEnd=111, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=11, authorNames=ZHU Xuliang, HE Jin, ZHANG Liming, journalName=Insulating Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Xuliang, HE Jin, ZHANG Liming, et al. Study on photoelectric detection efficiency of insulator creeping partial discharge[J]. Insulating Materials,2022,55(7):104-111., articleTitle=Study on photoelectric detection efficiency of insulator creeping partial discharge, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923152438555507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=55, issue=11, pageStart=109, pageEnd=117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=12, authorNames=耿伊雯, 芮逸凡, 范路, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=耿伊雯,芮逸凡,范路,.基于D-S证据多源信息融合与固态光电倍增-UHF联合检测的GIS局部放电模式识别[J].绝缘材料,2022,55(11):109-117., articleTitle=基于D-S证据多源信息融合与固态光电倍增-UHF联合检测的GIS局部放电模式识别, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923152505664372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=55, issue=11, pageStart=109, pageEnd=117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=13, authorNames=Yiwen GEN, RUI Yifan, FAN Lu, journalName=Insulating Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yiwen GEN, RUI Yifan, FAN Lu, et al. GIS Partial discharge pa ttern recognition based on D-S evidence multi-source information fusion and solid state photomultiplier-UHF combined detection[J]. Insulating Materials,2022,55(11):109-117., articleTitle=GIS Partial discharge pa ttern recognition based on D-S evidence multi-source information fusion and solid state photomultiplier-UHF combined detection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923152572773237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=22, pageStart=36979, pageEnd=36986, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=14, authorNames=FAN X H, LUO H H, LIANG F W, journalName=IEEE Sensors Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN X H, LUO H H, LIANG F W, et al. Feature fusion of pulse current, ultrahigh frequency, and photon count signal: a novel discharge pattern recognition method of metal particles in GIS/GIL[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal,2024,24(22):36979-36986., articleTitle=Feature fusion of pulse current, ultrahigh frequency, and photon count signal: a novel discharge pattern recognition method of metal particles in GIS/GIL, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923152618910582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=51, issue=3, pageStart=1010, pageEnd=1024, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=15, authorNames=卢武, 杨华, 张俊, journalName=高电压技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=卢武,杨华,张俊,.直流GIS/GIL中金属微粒诱发沿面闪络的机理研究与抑制策略综述[J].高电压技术,2025,51(3):1010-1024., articleTitle=直流GIS/GIL中金属微粒诱发沿面闪络的机理研究与抑制策略综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923152681825143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=51, issue=3, pageStart=1010, pageEnd=1024, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=16, authorNames=LU Wu, YANG Hua, ZHANG Jun, journalName=High Voltage Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU Wu, YANG Hua, ZHANG Jun, et al. Review on mechanism study and suppression strategy of metal particles induced surface flashover in DC GIS/GIL[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2025,51(3):1010-1024., articleTitle=Review on mechanism study and suppression strategy of metal particles induced surface flashover in DC GIS/GIL, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923152740545400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=723, pageEnd=731, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=17, authorNames=TIAN Z C, LI X L, SUN X B, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TIAN Z C, LI X L, SUN X B, et al. Movement and discharge characteristics of metal dust in GIS under AC voltage: focus on a special luminescence phenomenon[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2026,31(1):723-731., articleTitle=Movement and discharge characteristics of metal dust in GIS under AC voltage: focus on a special luminescence phenomenon, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923152807654265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=40, issue=22, pageStart=7153, pageEnd=7166, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=18, authorNames=梁瑞雪, 刘衡, 胡琦, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁瑞雪,刘衡,胡琦,. GIS/GIL内微米级金属粉尘动力学行为与诱发放电特性研究进展[J].中国电机工程学报,2020,40(22):7153-7166., articleTitle=GIS/GIL内微米级金属粉尘动力学行为与诱发放电特性研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923152878957434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=40, issue=22, pageStart=7153, pageEnd=7166, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=19, authorNames=LIANG Ruixue, LIU Heng, HU Qi, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG Ruixue, LIU Heng, HU Qi, et al. Research advances in the kinetic behavior and induced discharge characteristics of micron metal dust within GIS/GIL[J]. 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GIS内微纳粉尘沿绝缘子界面吸附的时空动力学特性与团聚爆炸现象[J].高电压技术,2025,51(4):2002-2012., articleTitle=GIS内微纳粉尘沿绝缘子界面吸附的时空动力学特性与团聚爆炸现象, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1304923153013175164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=51, issue=4, pageStart=2002, pageEnd=2012, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=21, authorNames=XUE Naifan, LI Qingmin, WANG Yuan, journalName=High Voltage Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XUE Naifan, LI Qingmin, WANG Yuan, et al. Spatial-temporal dynamic characteristics and agglomeration explosion phenomenon of micron-nano dust adsorption along the insulator interface in GIS[J]. 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High Voltage Engineering,2025,51(3):1038-1051., articleTitle=Motion characteristics, suppression and detection methods of metal particles in DC GIS/GIL, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1304923146772050709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304923146784633622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, companyId=1304923146772050709, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Fuzhou Power Supply Company, State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304923146793022231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, companyId=1304923146772050709, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1国网福建省电力有限公司福州供电公司,福建 福州 350009)]), AuthorCompany(id=1304923146893685528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304923146902074137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, companyId=1304923146893685528, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304923146906268442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, companyId=1304923146893685528, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2清华大学 电机工程与应用电子技术系,北京 100084)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1304923149649343309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of metal dust partial discharge characteristics measurement detection platform, figureFileSmall=15ZFL49dp1jjUcjTvz+wtg==, figureFileBig=WdZFBpMp7kdoVbD9yOWT7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923149703869262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=CN, label=图1, caption=金属粉尘局部放电特性测量试验平台示意图, figureFileSmall=15ZFL49dp1jjUcjTvz+wtg==, figureFileBig=WdZFBpMp7kdoVbD9yOWT7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923149863252815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Microscopic images of metal powder, figureFileSmall=n3yUCWfXZ1zZWBbZx3LdDw==, figureFileBig=SD6+djN+1fgXJXH0On4EWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923149930361680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=CN, label=图2, caption=金属粉尘显微图, figureFileSmall=n3yUCWfXZ1zZWBbZx3LdDw==, figureFileBig=SD6+djN+1fgXJXH0On4EWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923149993276241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Motion of 100 μm aluminum powder, figureFileSmall=7/2QjehSJlXYSbRg0N+EsQ==, figureFileBig=hwH9fP1tQDOAQlAZYcr46A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150056190802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=CN, label=图3, caption=100 μm铝粉运动图

(a) 0.45 kV/mm (b) 1.31 kV/mm (c) 1.66 kV/mm

, figureFileSmall=7/2QjehSJlXYSbRg0N+EsQ==, figureFileBig=hwH9fP1tQDOAQlAZYcr46A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150127493971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Measurement results of UHF sensor at aluminum powder concentration of 43.40 mg/cm2, figureFileSmall=6cTRNWwbfaLVkbobneXhqw==, figureFileBig=OQgZevZn2xkvAs7Tj0vmkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150198797140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=CN, label=图4, caption=UHF传感器在铝粉单位面积浓度为43.40 mg/cm2时的测量结果, figureFileSmall=6cTRNWwbfaLVkbobneXhqw==, figureFileBig=OQgZevZn2xkvAs7Tj0vmkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150278488917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Measurement results of photon numbers of aluminum powder with different particle sizes and unit area concentrations under different voltages, figureFileSmall=dJPOPKSwhgf3ClrMJhVJMw==, figureFileBig=UWkGHTIhAeh7hAjf7p6WAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150345597782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同粒径、单位面积浓度铝粉在不同电压下的光子数测量结果, figureFileSmall=dJPOPKSwhgf3ClrMJhVJMw==, figureFileBig=UWkGHTIhAeh7hAjf7p6WAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150412706647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Comparison of average photon numbers results of aluminum powder with the same concentration under different voltage and particle sizes, figureFileSmall=wXOhD17KRcRyAk+anefing==, figureFileBig=/EA0hwjeMxO6QVbKBL4jOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150484009816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=CN, label=图6, caption=相同单位面积浓度铝粉在不同电压和粒径下的平均光子数对比结果

(a) 单位面积浓度为0.217 mg/cm2 (b) 单位面积浓度为0.434 mg/cm2 (c) 单位面积浓度为0.868 mg/cm2

, figureFileSmall=wXOhD17KRcRyAk+anefing==, figureFileBig=/EA0hwjeMxO6QVbKBL4jOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150546924377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=PRPC and PRPD spectra of aluminum powder with different particle sizes under 10 kV voltage accumulated for 10 s, figureFileSmall=fZmnvuDACiKQWJjum4MJGQ==, figureFileBig=EshTnRZYZ1XonLfuSVAU1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150630810458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同粒径铝粉在10 kV电压下积累10 s测得的光子相位分布图谱与局部放电光强相位分布图谱, figureFileSmall=fZmnvuDACiKQWJjum4MJGQ==, figureFileBig=EshTnRZYZ1XonLfuSVAU1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150697919323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Photon number results of aluminum powder with a concentration of 43.40 mg/cm2, figureFileSmall=izqjX6X6rAgv+GRf3BHErw==, figureFileBig=a6EsrtKsaoyc3CjTeOWXDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150765028188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=CN, label=图8, caption=单位面积浓度为43.40 mg/cm2时铝粉的光子测量结果, figureFileSmall=izqjX6X6rAgv+GRf3BHErw==, figureFileBig=a6EsrtKsaoyc3CjTeOWXDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150832137053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Breakdown of aluminum powder observed at a concentration of 434.0 mg/cm2 under an electric field of 3.7 kV/mm, figureFileSmall=ydqhqNbXoPhUYVkQHoLH7A==, figureFileBig=DXaqhRj13Q6q7+MijNZ5aA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150903440222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=CN, label=图9, caption=铝粉在单位面积浓度为434.0 mg/cm2、电场为3.7 kV/mm条件下发生击穿, figureFileSmall=ydqhqNbXoPhUYVkQHoLH7A==, figureFileBig=DXaqhRj13Q6q7+MijNZ5aA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923150987326303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameters of sensors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
传感器类型型号光谱范围/nm测量频率
光传感光子计数探头H8259-01185~850
光电倍增管H10493-001300~650
声电传感UHF传感器Pd74i300~1 500  MHz
超声传感器Pd74i10~30  kHz
脉冲局放仪FLDJF-T10~1 000  kHz
), ArticleFig(id=1304923151083795296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

传感器参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
传感器类型型号光谱范围/nm测量频率
光传感光子计数探头H8259-01185~850
光电倍增管H10493-001300~650
声电传感UHF传感器Pd74i300~1 500  MHz
超声传感器Pd74i10~30  kHz
脉冲局放仪FLDJF-T10~1 000  kHz
), ArticleFig(id=1304923151155098465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Onset electric field strength of metal dust

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径/μm起跳场强/(kV/mm)
1000.38±0.01
750.39±0.01
500.38±0.01
250.42±0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1304923151226401634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

金属粉尘起跳场强

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径/μm起跳场强/(kV/mm)
1000.38±0.01
750.39±0.01
500.38±0.01
250.42±0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1304923151293510499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Photon counting results under initial and maximum field strength

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径/μm单位面积浓度/(mg/cm2)起始/最终电场/(kV/mm)起始/最终光子数
100

0.217

0.434

0.868

0.57/1.41

0.42 /1.41

0.42 /1.41

336/6 811

362/16 668

560/39 088

75

0.217

0.434

0.868

0.57/1.41

0.57/1.41

0.42/1.41

158/4 953

248/18 016

349/37 237

50

0.217

0.434

0.868

0.57/1.41

0.57/1.41

0.57/1.41

146/9 040

192/19 189

247/39 822

25

0.217

0.434

0.868

0.57/1.41

0.57/1.41

0.57/1.41

533/12 109

710/17 659

1 130/39 817

), ArticleFig(id=1304923151360619364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

起始和最高场强下的光子计数结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径/μm单位面积浓度/(mg/cm2)起始/最终电场/(kV/mm)起始/最终光子数
100

0.217

0.434

0.868

0.57/1.41

0.42 /1.41

0.42 /1.41

336/6 811

362/16 668

560/39 088

75

0.217

0.434

0.868

0.57/1.41

0.57/1.41

0.42/1.41

158/4 953

248/18 016

349/37 237

50

0.217

0.434

0.868

0.57/1.41

0.57/1.41

0.57/1.41

146/9 040

192/19 189

247/39 822

25

0.217

0.434

0.868

0.57/1.41

0.57/1.41

0.57/1.41

533/12 109

710/17 659

1 130/39 817

), ArticleFig(id=1304923151427728229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Gas gap breakdown test results of aluminum powder at different concentrations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单位面积浓度/(mg/cm2)最高场强/(kV/mm)试验结果
130.21.7未击穿
260.41.7
434.01.7
), ArticleFig(id=1304923151503225702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923144553263872, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同单位面积浓度铝粉条件下气体间隙击穿试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单位面积浓度/(mg/cm2)最高场强/(kV/mm)试验结果
130.21.7未击穿
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基于光子和光强测量的GIS金属粉尘局部放电特征研究
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林川杰 1 , 王阳 1 , 卢诗鸿 1 , 陈宁 1 , 张润昊 1 , 吴桐 1 , 范贤浩 2 , 李传扬 2
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2026,59(4): 115-122
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绝缘材料 |测试与分析 2026 , 59 (4) : 115 -122
基于光子和光强测量的GIS金属粉尘局部放电特征研究
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李传扬(1987-),男(汉族),副研究员,博士,主要从事直流GIL/GIL基础理论、关键技术及装备研发的研究。

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李传扬(1987-),男(汉族),副研究员,博士,主要从事直流GIL/GIL基础理论、关键技术及装备研发的研究。

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林川杰1, 王阳1, 卢诗鸿1, 陈宁1, 张润昊1, 吴桐1, 范贤浩2, 李传扬2
作者信息
  • 1国网福建省电力有限公司福州供电公司,福建 福州 350009
  • 2清华大学 电机工程与应用电子技术系,北京 100084
作者简介:

林川杰(1993-),男(汉族),福建福州人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事变电设备运维检修相关技术的研究

王阳(1993-),男(汉族),福建福州人,工程师,博士,主要从事变电运维专业的工作

李传扬(1987-),男(汉族),副研究员,博士,主要从事直流GIL/GIL基础理论、关键技术及装备研发的研究。

Research on partial discharge characteristics of metal dust in GIS based on photon counting and light intensity measurements
Chuanjie LIN1, Yang WANG1, Shihong LU1, Ning CHEN1, Runhao ZHANG1, Tong WU1, Xianhao FAN2, Chuanyang LI2
Affiliations
  • 1Fuzhou Power Supply Company, State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350009, China
  • 2Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
出版时间: 2026-04-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.014
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粉尘状金属微粒常见于运行多年的GIS腔体内部。然而,对于金属粉尘是否会引发局部放电进而对GIS绝缘造成危害等问题目前尚无定论。鉴于此,本文基于光学(光子计数及光强)、特高频、超声及脉冲电流法,研究交流电压下不同粒径和单位面积浓度的金属粉尘局部放电特征,明确不同测量方法对粉尘微粒诱发的局部放电信号测量的适应性,并对粉尘堆积引发绝缘气体放电电压降低的机制进行初步探索。结果表明:相比于光学法,UHF、超声与脉冲电流法对金属粉尘局部放电测量的灵敏度较低;金属粉尘产生的光子数量随单位面积浓度和电场强度增加而上升,且测得的局放光强信号幅值与粉尘粒径呈正相关。此外,金属粉尘堆积会在一定程度上降低GIS气体间隙的绝缘性能。

气体绝缘开关设备  /  金属粉尘  /  光子计数  /  缺陷检测  /  气隙击穿

Dust-like metal particles are commonly found inside the cavity of GIS that has been operated for many years. However, there is still no clear conclusion as to whether the metal dust will cause partial discharge (PD) and thereby pose a threat to the GIS insulation. In this study, five measurement techniques including photon counting, optical intensity, UHF, ultrasonic, and pulse current methods were employed to investigate the PD characteristics of metal dust with different particle sizes and unit area concentrations under AC voltage. The adaptability of different measurement methods to the measurement of local discharge signals induced by dust particles was clarified, and the mechanism of discharge voltage reduction for insulating gas caused by dust accumulation was preliminarily examined. The results show that compared to optical methods, UHF, ultrasonic, and pulse current methods show lower sensitivity to PD signals generated by metal dust. The number of photons generated by metal dustincreases with the increase of unit area concentration and electrical field strength, and the amplitude of PD optical intensity signals shows a positive correlation with the particle size of dust. Furthermore, the accumulation of metal dust will to some extent reduce the insulation performance of the gas gap in GIS.

gas insulated switchgear  /  metal dust  /  photon counting  /  defect detection  /  air gap breakdown
林川杰, 王阳, 卢诗鸿, 陈宁, 张润昊, 吴桐, 范贤浩, 李传扬. 基于光子和光强测量的GIS金属粉尘局部放电特征研究. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (4) : 115 -122 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.014
Chuanjie LIN, Yang WANG, Shihong LU, Ning CHEN, Runhao ZHANG, Tong WU, Xianhao FAN, Chuanyang LI. Research on partial discharge characteristics of metal dust in GIS based on photon counting and light intensity measurements[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (4) : 115 -122 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.014
气体绝缘开关设备(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)因其绝缘性能良好、占地面积小、容量大等优点在电力系统中得到广泛应用[1]。然而,GIS设备在生产、安装、运输与运行等环节均有可能引入金属微粒[2],进而导致其运行过程中面临金属微粒引发的偶发放电问题。据统计,近10年来由金属微粒导致的局部放电在GIS异常放电事故中占比高达79%[3-4]。因此,对于金属微粒诱发放电的检测研究受到广泛关注。
在GIS内部,金属异物的形态和尺寸差异较大,涵盖了从亚毫米级到厘米级的范围。随着GIS生产工艺的不断完善,厘米级金属微粒的出现已经变得极为罕见。目前,在现场检查中发现的金属异物主要以毫米级微粒和微纳米级金属粉尘为主[5]。在电场的作用下,这些金属异物在GIS设备内部的运动与聚集成为导致偶发性放电故障的潜在诱因。
GIS设备内部发生局部放电的同时,往往伴随光信号的发射,因此基于光电倍增管(photomultiplier tube,PMT)的光学测量方法在局部放电检测中展现出潜力[6]。相较于超高频(UHF)与超声测量手段,光学测量方法具有不易受外界电磁环境以及GIS设备现场震动干扰[7]的性能优势。同时,GIS设备内部封闭环境也为光学测量方法的应用提供了环境基础。光子计数技术将PMT与计数模块集成,具有高信噪比、对微弱光信号高响应灵敏度等特性[8]。已有研究表明,该技术在金属微粒放电检测中具有良好的应用前景,然而当前研究主要聚焦于毫米级金属颗粒,针对亚毫米级乃至微米级金属颗粒的测量尚缺乏系统性研究[9-10]
针对金属粉尘对电气性能的影响研究已有相关报道,梁瑞雪等[11]发现金属粉尘可引发3类典型放电现象:沿面闪络、气隙击穿及扩散式爆炸;薛乃凡等[12]对金属粉尘在盆式绝缘子附近的吸附行为与击穿模式进行了分析;王媛等[13]基于弥散浓度光探测系统量化分析了微纳米级金属粉尘对直流气隙电气强度的影响。现有研究普遍认为金属粉尘对气隙绝缘性能的影响有限[14-16]。然而,受限于现有测量手段的灵敏度,金属粉尘诱发的微弱局部放电信号难以被准确捕捉[17-18],此外,目前关于金属粉尘在交流电压下对气体绝缘击穿特性的影响研究多停留在现象与机理分析层面,尚缺乏定量评估。
本文搭建基于光学、特高频、超声及脉冲电流法联合测量的局部放电试验平台,探索不同粒径与单位面积浓度金属粉尘局部放电光子数及其相位分布图谱,并与传统光电倍增管法测得的局部放电信号进行对比分析。此外,还对极端条件下金属粉尘的危害机制进行量化研究,分析光子数的变化趋势,并通过调节金属粉尘作用下外加电压与粉尘单位面积浓度,进一步明确气体间隙发生击穿的边界条件。研究有望为GIS内部金属粉尘的识别与危害评估提供技术支撑和数据参考。
图1为金属粉尘局部放电联合测量试验平台,平台置于全遮光暗室内。为便于研究局部放电发生机制和发展过程,采用ZL101A铝合金制成的平板电极,极板间距为10 mm,以模拟GIS内电场环境,电极间设有石英玻璃罩,用于限制金属粉尘的运动范围。整体装置置于耐压试验腔体内,腔体通过SF6气体回收系统维持0.2  MPa的相对气压。
针对金属粉尘运动特征试验,采用型号为WP-UT130M的工业相机及补光灯组合进行观测。该相机分辨率为1 280×1 024,帧率最高可达到210 fps。
针对金属粉尘局部放电特征,采用光学、特高频、超声及脉冲电流法联合测量。其中,光子计数探头(滨松公司,型号为H8259-01)可将单光子信号转换为电脉冲信号,其暗计数典型值为80次/s,光电倍增管(滨松公司,型号为H10493-001)输出模拟电压信号,典型噪声电压小于2 mV[18]。UHF与超声传感器测量采用SDMT公司生产的Pd74i型手持式无线PD探测器,脉冲电流法所用测试设备为武汉福禄德公司生产的FLDJF-T型脉冲局放仪。试验时,UHF传感器与超声传感器的背景噪声分别维持在-78 dBm与1.5 mV以下,其中UHF传感器灵敏度为0.1 pC,脉冲电流局放仪灵敏度为0.1 pC,试验时背景噪声保持在1 pC以内。光传感器的光谱范围与声电传感器的测量频带如表1所示。
试验过程中采用阶段升压,每个阶段电压维持10 s。测量时光子计数探头的暗计数率控制在50 次/s以内。通过相位过零检测器触发后,光子计数探头采集1  s内数据并上传至工控机,生成实时光子计数曲线及光子相位分布图谱。光电倍增管信号由型号为PS2000a(采样率最高1 G/s)的数据采集卡经相位信号触发后采集并同步上传至工控机,生成局部放电光强相位分布图谱。UHF与超声传感器测得的信号则通过Pd74i型局部放电检测系统内置的数据终端进行处理。
对一台220 kV GIS断路器进行7 000次开断,收集脱落金属粉尘并对其特性进行分析[19],基于分析结果设置4种粒径(100、75、50、25 μm)的铝粉作为试验样品,铝粉样品显微镜照片如图2所示。从图2可以看出,不同粒径铝粉颗粒形状均表现为不规则形态。
根据现场调研结果,金属粉尘多聚集于GIS底部或局部高场强区域。基于此,为便于量化试验结果,将地电极表面上的金属粉尘质量归一化到单位面积,定义为金属粉尘的单位面积浓度,如式(1)所示。
σm=mA
式(1)中:σm为金属粉尘的单位面积浓度;m为地电极表面的金属粉尘总质量;A为对应的电极面积。
以平板电极与石英玻璃罩之间的夹持区域作为金属粉尘的分布面积,针对4种粒径的铝粉设置4种不同单位面积浓度(0.217、0.434、0.868、43.40 mg/cm2)进行试验。
表2为铝粉起跳试验结果。从表2可知,不同粒径的铝粉起跳场强分布在0.38~0.42  kV/mm范围内,数值相差不大,粒径对铝粉受电场力作用下的运动行为影响相对有限。图3展示了粒径为100 μm的铝粉在电场作用下的运动过程,随着场强逐渐增大,金属粉尘运动状态呈现阶段性变化,可大致分为3个阶段:①当极板间场强达到0.38~0.87 kV/mm时,少量铝粉从顶部起跳并反复弹跳,起跳高度大约为3 mm;②当场强进一步增大至1.21~1.39 kV/mm时,铝粉堆表层粉尘开始运动,且跳跃高度随着场强增加而上升,处于5~7 mm;③当场强达到1.56~1.73 kV/mm时,所有铝粉均起跳并剧烈运动,高度达到板电极内空间最大值(10 mm)。
当铝粉粒径为100 μm、单位面积浓度达到43.4  mg/cm2,且外加电压升高至20  kV时,UHF传感器检测到少量局部放电信号,测量结果如图4所示。从图4可以看出,大部分信号竖直分布于电压负半周期,最大幅值为-60  dBm(测量阻抗为50  Ω)。在相同试验条件下,超声传感器及脉冲电流法均未检测到明显的局部放电信号。
不同粒径、单位面积浓度铝粉在不同电压下10 s内的光子数累计测量结果如图5所示,光子数起始电场与最高电场下的光子数测量结果如表3所示。从图5表3可以看出,对于粒径为100 μm的铝粉,当单位面积浓度为0.868 mg/cm2和0.434 mg/cm2时,其起始电场均约为0.42  kV/mm,在该电场下可测得高于背景噪声的光子信号,对应光子总数分别为362和560;当单位面积浓度为0.217  mg/cm2时,起始电场升高至约0.57  kV/mm,光子总数为336。随着电场进一步增强,该粒径下单位面积浓度为0.217、0.434、0.868 mg/cm2的铝粉导致的光子数在最终场强为1.41  kV/mm时分别上升至6 811、16 668和39 088。
粒径为75 μm的铝粉在单位面积浓度为0.868 mg/cm2时,测得高于背景噪声的光子信号起始电场为0.42 kV/mm,对应的光子数为349;而在单位面积浓度为0.434 mg/cm2和0.217 mg/cm2时,起始电场均上升为0.57 kV/mm,对应光子数为158和248,最终电场为1.41  kV/mm时单位面积浓度为0.217、0.434、0.868 mg/cm2的铝粉光子数分别达到了4 953、18 016和37 237。对于粒径为50 μm的铝粉,在电场低于0.42  kV/mm时未能测得有效信号,而在电场为0.57  kV/mm时,3个单位面积浓度下的光子数分别达到146、192和247,随后在更高电场下持续增加,最终在电场为1.41  kV/mm时3个单位面积浓度下的光子数分别达到9 040、19 189和39 822。对于粒径为25 μm的铝粉,3个单位面积浓度下的起始场强均为0.57  kV/mm,光子数分别为533、710和1 130。随着最终电场增强至1.41  kV/mm时,3个单位面积浓度下的光子数分别达到12 109、17 659和3 9817。
不同粒径铝粉的光子起始测量电场均处于0.42~0.57 kV/mm范围内,对应的运动状态为少量铝粉起跳,此时光子测量已能够实现有效响应;随着施加电场的进一步升高,铝粉运动逐渐增强,光子数亦呈逐步上升的趋势。
对光子测量数据特征进一步提炼,得到平均光子数变化规律如图6所示。从图6可以看出,光子数会随着铝粉单位面积浓度的升高而增加。在电压和单位面积浓度相同的条件下,铝粉产生的光子数随粒径减小先降低后升高,并在粒径为25 μm时达到峰值,但总体而言不同粒径下产生的光子数差距较小。产生这一现象的原因可能与不同粒径铝粉运动中的空间分布特性相关,较大粒径铝粉在相同电压下局部放电活动相对分散,单颗贡献较大但累积效应有限,当粒径减小时,相同单位面积浓度铝粉在空间上分布更加密集,局放光子信号的累积效应增强,从而导致光子数上升。
在进行铝粉的光子测量时,同步获取了其对应的光子相位分布图谱(phase resolved photon counting,PRPC),同时通过数据采集卡触发采集获取了光电倍增管测量的局部放电光强相位分布图谱(phase resolved partial discharge,PRPD)。
单位面积浓度为0.434 mg/cm2时不同粒径铝粉在工况电场下积累10 s的光子/光强相位分布图谱如图7所示。从图7可以看出,不同粒径铝粉的光子相位分布图谱以及光强相位分布图谱特征相似,二者均为对称分布结构且均存在约45°的相位偏移现象。
然而,通过对相同实验条件下测得的光强局放信号进行对比发现:随着铝粉粒径的减小,光强局放信号幅值呈现下降趋势。根据该现象可进一步推测,若继续减小铝粉粒径,光学测量方法存在无法有效测量金属粉尘的可能性。其原因可能为粒径金属粉尘减小后,单个颗粒放电能量相应降低,使得光强信号的整体幅值显著减小,当光发射量不足时,测量结果易受到噪声干扰,从而限制了该方法对更小粒径金属粉尘的有效检测。
由于GIS设备内金属粉尘运动聚集从而导致电场畸变程度增加,威胁设备运行安全,试验针对不同单位面积浓度的铝粉对地电极气隙绝缘危害机制开展量化研究。
在第3节的铝粉局放特性测量中,少量铝粉(单位面积浓度低于0.868 mg/cm2)在工况电场下导致的局放信号,除光学传感器外其余传感器检测到的信号均较为微弱,且在试验过程中没有引发击穿现象,因此可以认为在该单位面积浓度下铝粉对绝缘气隙造成的危害相对有限。为模拟极端情况下的测量结果,选择了粒径为100 μm与25 μm两种产生光子数较高的铝粉样品,将其单位面积浓度提升至局部放电测量试验最高值的20倍(单位面积浓度为43.40 mg/cm2),此时铝粉几乎覆盖地电极表面,该状态在实际工程应用中很难出现。在此极端条件下对铝粉样品开展耐压试验,分别施加5、10、15 kV电压,最高电压等级对应约为GIS运行工况下地电极表面场强的1.5倍,每个电压维持至少15 min,耐压过程中使用光子传感器同步测量,试验结果如图8所示。从图8可以看出,当电压保持恒定时,不同粒径铝粉在气隙中产生的光子信号表现出一定的规律性。对于粒径为100 μm的铝粉,当电压升高至5 kV时,光子数迅速升高至9.1×103个/s,但当电压保持恒定时,光子数随时间逐渐回落至6.4×103个/s,回落幅度为29%。当电压升高至10 kV时,光子数攀升至1.6×105个/s,随后在电压保持恒定时逐渐回落至2.4×104个/s,回落幅度为85%。当电压升高至15 kV时,光子数随电压再次升高至1.7×105个/s,随后在电压保持恒定时逐渐回落至1.0×105个/s,回落幅度为42%。
粒径为25 μm的铝粉在5 kV与10 kV电压下产生的光子信号变化规律相似。5 kV电压下光子数攀升至7.4×103个/s后回落至3.0×103个/s,回落幅度为43%,且在5 kV电压时,光子数波动幅度较大。10 kV电压下光子数攀升至2.2×105个/s后回落至1.2×105个/s,回落幅度为44%。但当电压进一步升高至15 kV时,光子数变化趋势转变为随时间而逐渐升高的趋势,具体从6.6×105个/s逐步升高至7.0×105个/s,且相较于粒径为100 μm的铝粉,其在15 kV时的峰值光子数也更高,依据其持续升高的趋势推测,后续可能存在气隙击穿的风险。
总体而言,即便在模拟的极端单位面积浓度与高场强条件下,铝粉样品对绝缘气隙的危害程度仍然有限。尽管在试验中测量到了较高水平的光子数,但在工况场强下其放电剧烈程度会逐渐回落,且在耐压过程中并未出现直接引发气隙击穿的现象。
为定量探究铝粉引发气隙击穿的边界条件,参考4.1节的试验结果,在保持最高电压等级(15 kV)不变的前提下,以粒径为25 μm、单位面积浓度为43.40 mg/cm2为基准,逐步提高铝粉的单位面积浓度,得到击穿试验结果如表4所示。从表4可知,即便铝粉单位面积浓度提升10倍(即434.0 mg/cm2),此时铝粉已在地电极表面形成约0.5 mm厚的粉层,气体间隙仍未发生击穿。鉴于该试验条件下金属粉尘单位面积浓度已接近极限,继续提升单位面积浓度的实际意义有限。
因此,在铝粉单位面积浓度为434.0 mg/cm2的基础上逐步提高施加电压,最终在场强升高到约3.7 kV/mm时瞬间发生击穿,如图9所示,打开腔体后发现腔体内内壁附着白色粉末,且平板电极间出现相对位移,电极表面存在明显烧灼痕迹,推测击穿形式表现为剧烈的“爆炸”放电。击穿后可观察到石英玻璃罩内附着大量白色粉末,可能为放电后生成的氟化铝。
基于平板电极,研究了4种粒径的铝粉在不同电压下的局部放电响应特性,并对铝粉的危害机制进行了量化分析,得出如下结论:
(1)基于本文试验条件与测试参数,除光子测量与光电倍增管外,传统UHF、超声与脉冲电流法在金属粉尘单位面积浓度低于43.40 mg/cm2时均未表现出有效的局部放电检测能力。
(2)铝粉产生的光子数与电场强度及单位面积浓度呈正相关关系。在电压和单位面积浓度相同条件下,光子数随粒径增大总体呈先降低后升高的趋势。此外,随着铝粉粒径减小,局部放电光强信号幅值明显降低,而光子计数变化相对较小,表明相较于光强测量方法,光子计数方法对金属粉尘局部放电的检测具有更高灵敏度。
(3)击穿破坏试验结果表明,在满足铝粉覆盖地电极、铝粉层厚度为0.5 mm、场强接近3.7 kV/mm条件下,铝粉引发“爆炸”放电。在GIS运行工况下,位于接地壳体堆积的铝粉对GIS气体间隙的绝缘性能影响非常有限,然而当粉尘过多集中在高场强(接近3.7 kV/mm)区域时,引发局部粉尘“爆炸”放电的概率大幅提升。

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2026年第59卷第4期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.014
  • 接收时间:2025-07-09
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-09
  • 修回日期:2025-08-21
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作者信息
    1国网福建省电力有限公司福州供电公司,福建 福州 350009
    2清华大学 电机工程与应用电子技术系,北京 100084
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.014
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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