Article(id=1304923129701228638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304923090710982825, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747065600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-13, revisedDate=1750953600000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047518419, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1776614400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047518419, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047518419, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047518419, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304923090710982825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776614400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047509124, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789118076681, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305219072573071941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304923090710982825, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305219072573071942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304923090710982825, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=94, endPage=105, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304923129915138143, articleId=1304923129701228638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Comprehensive evaluation of polypropylene films based on combination weighting and extension cloud model, columnId=1190369198472794288, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Insulation Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As a critical insulating dielectric in high-voltage direct current transmission equipment, the comprehensive performance of polypropylene film has an important impact on the operational reliability and service life of power electronic devices. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a quantifiable and comparable comprehensive evaluation method. In this paper, a comprehensive performance evaluation index system of polypropylene film was constructed, and a comprehensive evaluation method combining combination weighting and extension cloud model was proposed. First, the subjective weights of indicators were determined by using the extension analytic hierarchy process, and the subjective weights were obtained by improved entropy weight method. On this basis, the optimization integration of subjective and objective weights were achieved through game theory. Subsequently, the extension cloud model was introduced to calculate the cloud correlation degree to complete the comprehensive performance grade determination of films, and the credibility of the evaluation results was tested in combination with the confidence factor. Finally, the reliability of the model was verified by objective performance characterization experiments. The results show that this method can achieve the grading of comprehensive properties of polypropylene films, and the evaluation results are in good agreement with the test conclusions regarding insulation, mechanical properties, and self-healing performance. The proposed comprehensive evaluation model is scientific and practical, which can provide an effective theoretical basis for the performance evaluation and material optimization design of polypropylene film.

, authors=Jun XIE, Qi WANG*, Guowei XIA, Chunying QIAO, Qikai WANG, Jiawang YANG, Xiaoyu SHI, authorsList=Jun XIE, Qi WANG, Guowei XIA, Chunying QIAO, Qikai WANG, Jiawang YANG, Xiaoyu SHI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qi WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304923132586909808, articleId=1304923129701228638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=基于组合赋权与可拓云模型的聚丙烯薄膜综合评估, columnId=1190369198724452531, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=绝缘技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

聚丙烯薄膜作为高压直流输电装备中的关键绝缘介质,其综合性能对电力电子器件的运行可靠性和使用寿命具有重要影响,亟需建立可量化、可对比的综合评价方法。本文构建聚丙烯薄膜综合性能评价指标体系,提出一种融合组合赋权与可拓云模型的综合评价方法。首先,采用可拓层次分析法确定指标的主观权重,并利用改进熵权法获取客观权重,在此基础上通过博弈论实现主客观权重的优化融合;随后,引入可拓云模型,计算云关联度完成薄膜综合性能等级判定,并结合置信度因子对评价结果的可信性进行检验;最后,通过宏观性能表征实验验证模型的可靠性。结果表明:该方法能够实现聚丙烯薄膜综合性能的分级,评价结果与绝缘、力学及自愈性能等测试结果具有良好一致性。所提出的综合评价模型具有较好的科学性与实用性,可为聚丙烯薄膜性能评估及材料优化设计提供有效的理论依据。

, authors=谢军, 王琦*, 夏国巍, 乔春瑛, 王麒凯, 杨家旺, 史筱玉, authorsList=谢军, 王琦, 夏国巍, 乔春瑛, 王麒凯, 杨家旺, 史筱玉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王琦, authorNote=

谢军(1988-),男(汉族),江苏江都人,副教授,博士,主要从事输变电装备绝缘材料劣化机理及其性能提升方法的研究

, correspAuthorsNote=
王琦(2000-),男(汉族),湖南邵阳人,硕士生,主要从事高压绝缘材料的研究。
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谢军(1988-),男(汉族),江苏江都人,副教授,博士,主要从事输变电装备绝缘材料劣化机理及其性能提升方法的研究

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谢军(1988-),男(汉族),江苏江都人,副教授,博士,主要从事输变电装备绝缘材料劣化机理及其性能提升方法的研究

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Carbohydrate Polymers,2022,288:119376., articleTitle=Tough all-polysaccharide hydrogels with uniaxially/planarly oriented structure, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1304923132863733873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304923132872122482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, companyId=1304923132863733873, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1304923132884705395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, companyId=1304923132863733873, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=华北电力大学 电力工程系,河北 保定 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figureFileSmall=t5F4eH35Js9pPmaPPGY/Vw==, figureFileBig=Z5R2/1xE1eLBCogt7xj9WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923135967518886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=图4, caption=聚丙烯薄膜的AFM图, figureFileSmall=t5F4eH35Js9pPmaPPGY/Vw==, figureFileBig=Z5R2/1xE1eLBCogt7xj9WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923136030433447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=WAXS patterns of polypropylene films, figureFileSmall=eJjNOpCLyKmwuImc9VMfLg==, figureFileBig=+4n3hfCFB6F6/bd2fVcaRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923136122708136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=图5, caption=聚丙烯薄膜的WAXS图, figureFileSmall=eJjNOpCLyKmwuImc9VMfLg==, figureFileBig=+4n3hfCFB6F6/bd2fVcaRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923136194011305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=One-dimensional intensity integration curves, figureFileSmall=5yylYGtAqLbihFhE8LBX+A==, figureFileBig=nxhzLHGMgi3pzCRJNNeWbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923136252731562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=图6, caption=一维强度积分曲线, figureFileSmall=5yylYGtAqLbihFhE8LBX+A==, figureFileBig=nxhzLHGMgi3pzCRJNNeWbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923136324034731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Gaussian cloud model, figureFileSmall=fdmp7Nuvsxp8wc9tSyy98A==, figureFileBig=BSUmuaWTr/48XYEX0h4vnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923136386949292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=图7, caption=高斯云模型, figureFileSmall=fdmp7Nuvsxp8wc9tSyy98A==, figureFileBig=BSUmuaWTr/48XYEX0h4vnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923136458252461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Macroscopic performance test results, figureFileSmall=ocCznvUg5LC26QbpSJqySg==, figureFileBig=SZFKfKPGiC2R8WzGtaWyww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923136537944238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=图8, caption=宏观性能测试结果, figureFileSmall=ocCznvUg5LC26QbpSJqySg==, figureFileBig=SZFKfKPGiC2R8WzGtaWyww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1304923136609247407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Scale comparison of relative importance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标度含义
1指标ai与指标aj同等重要
3指标ai比指标aj稍微重要
5指标ai比指标aj明显重要
7指标ai比指标aj强烈重要
9指标ai比指标aj极端重要
2,4,6,8上述相邻判断的中间状态
), ArticleFig(id=1304923136701522096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

相对重要性的标度比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标度含义
1指标ai与指标aj同等重要
3指标ai比指标aj稍微重要
5指标ai比指标aj明显重要
7指标ai比指标aj强烈重要
9指标ai比指标aj极端重要
2,4,6,8上述相邻判断的中间状态
), ArticleFig(id=1304923136768630961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Extension interval judgment matrix for the comprehensive performance of polypropylene films

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标绝缘性能自愈性能力学性能
绝缘性能<1.00,1.00><1.24,2.21><3.21,4.17>
自愈性能<0.45,0.81><1.00,1.00><2.36,3.05>
力学性能<0.24,0.31><0.33,0.42><1.00,1.00>
), ArticleFig(id=1304923136831545522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

聚丙烯薄膜综合性能可拓区间判断矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标绝缘性能自愈性能力学性能
绝缘性能<1.00,1.00><1.24,2.21><3.21,4.17>
自愈性能<0.45,0.81><1.00,1.00><2.36,3.05>
力学性能<0.24,0.31><0.33,0.42><1.00,1.00>
), ArticleFig(id=1304923136898654387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Extension interval judgment matrix for insulation performance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标晶型灰分含量结晶度片晶尺寸等规度
晶型<1.00,1.00><4.24,4.52><0.32,0.41><1.58,2.17><0.32,0.47>
灰分含量<0.22,0.24><1.00,1.00><0.16,0.19><0.27,0.32><0.16,0.18>
结晶度<2.43,3.12><5.32,6.42><1.00,1.00><4.15,5.12><0.89,1.21>
片晶尺寸<0.46,0.63><3.11,3,65><0.20,0.24><1.00,1.00><0.19,0.23>
等规度<2.11,3.12><5.46,6.11><0.82,1.12><4.31,5.14><1.00,1.00>
), ArticleFig(id=1304923136974151860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

绝缘性能可拓区间判断矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标晶型灰分含量结晶度片晶尺寸等规度
晶型<1.00,1.00><4.24,4.52><0.32,0.41><1.58,2.17><0.32,0.47>
灰分含量<0.22,0.24><1.00,1.00><0.16,0.19><0.27,0.32><0.16,0.18>
结晶度<2.43,3.12><5.32,6.42><1.00,1.00><4.15,5.12><0.89,1.21>
片晶尺寸<0.46,0.63><3.11,3,65><0.20,0.24><1.00,1.00><0.19,0.23>
等规度<2.11,3.12><5.46,6.11><0.82,1.12><4.31,5.14><1.00,1.00>
), ArticleFig(id=1304923137037066421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Extension interval judgment matrix for self-healing performance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标厚度方阻分子量
厚度<1.00,1.00><0.33,0.46><0.27,0.39>
方阻<2.19,3.01><1.00,1.00><0.17,0.18>
分子量<2.57,3.76><5.54,6.01><1.00,1.00>
), ArticleFig(id=1304923137112563894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

自愈性能可拓区间判断矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标厚度方阻分子量
厚度<1.00,1.00><0.33,0.46><0.27,0.39>
方阻<2.19,3.01><1.00,1.00><0.17,0.18>
分子量<2.57,3.76><5.54,6.01><1.00,1.00>
), ArticleFig(id=1304923137183867063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Extension interval judgment matrix for mechanical performance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标取向度表面粗糙度
取向度<1.00,1.00><0.96,1.12>
表面粗糙度<0.89,1.04><1.00,1.00>
), ArticleFig(id=1304923137255170232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

力学性能可拓区间判断矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标取向度表面粗糙度
取向度<1.00,1.00><0.96,1.12>
表面粗糙度<0.89,1.04><1.00,1.00>
), ArticleFig(id=1304923137351639225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Indicator information of six types of films

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标#1#2#3#4#5#6
晶型(β晶型占比)/%000000
灰分含量/(×10-6)16290216288307410
结晶度/%63.5055.0058.2743.1455.4856.74
片晶厚度/nm10.2310.3511.439.7510.5510.94
等规度/%97.0796.4196.5795.5995.9096.11
平均取向因子0.140.110.120.030.080.04
表面粗糙度/μm0.090.130.060.120.160.15
厚度/μm12.0011.0012.0010.0012.0013.60
方阻/Ω45.0040.0039.0050.0048.0045.00
分子量/(×104 g/mol)75.0964.1171.1155.2368.1268.45
), ArticleFig(id=1304923137460691130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

6种薄膜指标信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标#1#2#3#4#5#6
晶型(β晶型占比)/%000000
灰分含量/(×10-6)16290216288307410
结晶度/%63.5055.0058.2743.1455.4856.74
片晶厚度/nm10.2310.3511.439.7510.5510.94
等规度/%97.0796.4196.5795.5995.9096.11
平均取向因子0.140.110.120.030.080.04
表面粗糙度/μm0.090.130.060.120.160.15
厚度/μm12.0011.0012.0010.0012.0013.60
方阻/Ω45.0040.0039.0050.0048.0045.00
分子量/(×104 g/mol)75.0964.1171.1155.2368.1268.45
), ArticleFig(id=1304923137515217083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comprehensive weights of each indicator

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标主观权重客观权重组合权重
晶型0.106 100.053 1
灰分含量0.071 30.117 20.094 3
结晶度0.129 40.082 50.106 1
片晶厚度0.112 20.115 50.113 9
等规度0.109 60.123 50.116 6
平均取向因子0.102 80.127 00.114 9
表面粗糙度0.053 40.101 50.077 5
厚度0.059 30.104 90.082 1
方阻0.092 70.140 30.116 5
分子量0.163 10.087 50.125 3
), ArticleFig(id=1304923137594908860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

各指标的综合权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标主观权重客观权重组合权重
晶型0.106 100.053 1
灰分含量0.071 30.117 20.094 3
结晶度0.129 40.082 50.106 1
片晶厚度0.112 20.115 50.113 9
等规度0.109 60.123 50.116 6
平均取向因子0.102 80.127 00.114 9
表面粗糙度0.053 40.101 50.077 5
厚度0.059 30.104 90.082 1
方阻0.092 70.140 30.116 5
分子量0.163 10.087 50.125 3
), ArticleFig(id=1304923137674600637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Grade boundaries of evaluation indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标ABC
晶型(β晶型占比)(10,20](5,10](0,5]
灰分含量[0,60)[60,100)[100,500)
结晶度(50,80](40,50](0,40]
片晶厚度[15,20)[10,15)[5,10)
等规度[98,100)[97,98)(90,95]
平均取向因子[0.5,0.9)[0.3,0.5)(0,0.3)
表面粗糙度(0,0.25](0.25,0.65][0.65,1)
厚度(2,5.8][5.8,15)[15,30)
方阻[50,65)[35,50)(0,35)
分子量(65,100](30,65](5,30]
), ArticleFig(id=1304923137737515198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

评估指标等级界限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标ABC
晶型(β晶型占比)(10,20](5,10](0,5]
灰分含量[0,60)[60,100)[100,500)
结晶度(50,80](40,50](0,40]
片晶厚度[15,20)[10,15)[5,10)
等规度[98,100)[97,98)(90,95]
平均取向因子[0.5,0.9)[0.3,0.5)(0,0.3)
表面粗糙度(0,0.25](0.25,0.65][0.65,1)
厚度(2,5.8][5.8,15)[15,30)
方阻[50,65)[35,50)(0,35)
分子量(65,100](30,65](5,30]
), ArticleFig(id=1304923137813012671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Standard cloud model for comprehensive evaluation grades

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标分级
ABC
晶型(β晶型占比)(15.000 0, 1.666 7, 0.000 1)(7.500 0, 0.833 3, 0.000 1)(2.500 0, 0.833 3, 0.000 1)
灰分含量(30.000 0, 10.000 0, 0.000 1)(80.000 0, 6.666 7, 0.000 1)(300.000 0, 66.666 7, 0.000 1)
结晶度(65.000 0, 5.000 0, 0.000 1)(45.000 0, 1.666 7, 0.000 1)(25.000 0, 8.333 3, 0.000 1)
片晶厚度(17.500 0, 0.833 3, 0.000 1)(12.500 0, 0.833 3, 0.000 1)(7.500 0, 0.833 3, 0.000 1)
等规度(99.000 0, 0.333 3, 0.000 1)(97.500 0, 0.166 7, 0.000 1)(92.500 0, 0.833 3, 0.000 1)
平均取向因子(0.700 0, 0.066 7, 0.000 1)(0.400 0, 0.033 3, 0.000 1)(0.150 0, 0.050 0, 0.000 1)
表面粗糙度(0.125 0, 0.041 7, 0.000 1)(0.450 0, 0.066 7, 0.000 1)(0.825 0, 0.058 3, 0.000 1)
厚度(3.900 0, 0.633 3, 0.000 1)(10.500 0, 1.533 3, 0.000 1)(22.500 0, 2.500 0, 0.000 1)
方阻(57.500 0, 2.500 0, 0.000 1)(42.500 0, 2.500 0, 0.000 1)(17.500 0, 5.833 3, 0.000 1)
分子量(82.500 0, 5.833 3, 0.000 1)(47.500 0, 5.833 3, 0.000 1)(17.500 0, 4.166 6, 0.000 1)
), ArticleFig(id=1304923137892704448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

综合评估等级标准云模型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标分级
ABC
晶型(β晶型占比)(15.000 0, 1.666 7, 0.000 1)(7.500 0, 0.833 3, 0.000 1)(2.500 0, 0.833 3, 0.000 1)
灰分含量(30.000 0, 10.000 0, 0.000 1)(80.000 0, 6.666 7, 0.000 1)(300.000 0, 66.666 7, 0.000 1)
结晶度(65.000 0, 5.000 0, 0.000 1)(45.000 0, 1.666 7, 0.000 1)(25.000 0, 8.333 3, 0.000 1)
片晶厚度(17.500 0, 0.833 3, 0.000 1)(12.500 0, 0.833 3, 0.000 1)(7.500 0, 0.833 3, 0.000 1)
等规度(99.000 0, 0.333 3, 0.000 1)(97.500 0, 0.166 7, 0.000 1)(92.500 0, 0.833 3, 0.000 1)
平均取向因子(0.700 0, 0.066 7, 0.000 1)(0.400 0, 0.033 3, 0.000 1)(0.150 0, 0.050 0, 0.000 1)
表面粗糙度(0.125 0, 0.041 7, 0.000 1)(0.450 0, 0.066 7, 0.000 1)(0.825 0, 0.058 3, 0.000 1)
厚度(3.900 0, 0.633 3, 0.000 1)(10.500 0, 1.533 3, 0.000 1)(22.500 0, 2.500 0, 0.000 1)
方阻(57.500 0, 2.500 0, 0.000 1)(42.500 0, 2.500 0, 0.000 1)(17.500 0, 5.833 3, 0.000 1)
分子量(82.500 0, 5.833 3, 0.000 1)(47.500 0, 5.833 3, 0.000 1)(17.500 0, 4.166 6, 0.000 1)
), ArticleFig(id=1304923137964007617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Evaluation indicator values of the films

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标#N#D
晶型(β晶型占比)/%00
灰分含量/(×10-6)140210
结晶度/%53.4846.14
片晶厚度/nm12.358.58
等规度/%96.4195.87
平均取向因子0.110.13
表面粗糙度/μm0.130.17
厚度/μm15.0021.00
方阻/Ω41.0036.00
分子量/(×104 g/mol)65.2158.17
), ArticleFig(id=1304923138031116482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

薄膜评估指标值

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指标#N#D
晶型(β晶型占比)/%00
灰分含量/(×10-6)140210
结晶度/%53.4846.14
片晶厚度/nm12.358.58
等规度/%96.4195.87
平均取向因子0.110.13
表面粗糙度/μm0.130.17
厚度/μm15.0021.00
方阻/Ω41.0036.00
分子量/(×104 g/mol)65.2158.17
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Weight output comparison under sampling validation

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指标组合1组合2组合3
晶型0.053 10.053 10.053 1
灰分含量0.094 30.087 80.103 4
结晶度0.106 10.116 00.105 3
片晶厚度0.113 90.104 30.097 1
等规度0.116 60.109 60.143 5
平均取向因子0.114 90.088 80.089 7
表面粗糙度0.077 50.066 30.067 0
厚度0.082 10.126 20.124 2
方阻0.116 50.112 60.091 2
分子量0.125 30.135 30.125 6
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抽样验证权重输出对比

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指标组合1组合2组合3
晶型0.053 10.053 10.053 1
灰分含量0.094 30.087 80.103 4
结晶度0.106 10.116 00.105 3
片晶厚度0.113 90.104 30.097 1
等规度0.116 60.109 60.143 5
平均取向因子0.114 90.088 80.089 7
表面粗糙度0.077 50.066 30.067 0
厚度0.082 10.126 20.124 2
方阻0.116 50.112 60.091 2
分子量0.125 30.135 30.125 6
), ArticleFig(id=1304923138278580421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Table 12, caption=

Comprehensive judgment vector and confidence factor

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样品组合1组合2组合3
综合判断向量q综合判断向量q综合判断向量q
#N{0.086 5, 0.211 7, 0.094 3}1.209 6×10-4{0.076 2, 0.199 8, 0.074 6}1.092 0×10-4{0.075 9, 0.174 6, 0.075 8}1.193 9×10-4
#D{0.043 3, 0.111 4, 0.267 3}9.265 5×10-5{0.037 0, 0.121 0, 0.273 8}1.425 8×10-4{0.037 6, 0.110 0, 0.275 4}1.531 7×10-4
), ArticleFig(id=1304923138362466502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=表12, caption=

综合判断向量及置信度因子

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样品组合1组合2组合3
综合判断向量q综合判断向量q综合判断向量q
#N{0.086 5, 0.211 7, 0.094 3}1.209 6×10-4{0.076 2, 0.199 8, 0.074 6}1.092 0×10-4{0.075 9, 0.174 6, 0.075 8}1.193 9×10-4
#D{0.043 3, 0.111 4, 0.267 3}9.265 5×10-5{0.037 0, 0.121 0, 0.273 8}1.425 8×10-4{0.037 6, 0.110 0, 0.275 4}1.531 7×10-4
), ArticleFig(id=1304923138425381063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=EN, label=Table 13, caption=

Comparison of macroscopic performance

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指标绝缘性能自愈性能力学性能综合
#N相较于#D变化率/%+4.6+28-51+3.7
), ArticleFig(id=1304923138496684232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1304923129701228638, language=CN, label=表13, caption=

宏观性能对比

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指标绝缘性能自愈性能力学性能综合
#N相较于#D变化率/%+4.6+28-51+3.7
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基于组合赋权与可拓云模型的聚丙烯薄膜综合评估
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谢军 , 王琦 * , 夏国巍 , 乔春瑛 , 王麒凯 , 杨家旺 , 史筱玉
绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2026,59(4): 94-105
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绝缘材料 |绝缘技术 2026 , 59 (4) : 94 -105
基于组合赋权与可拓云模型的聚丙烯薄膜综合评估
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谢军(1988-),男(汉族),江苏江都人,副教授,博士,主要从事输变电装备绝缘材料劣化机理及其性能提升方法的研究

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谢军(1988-),男(汉族),江苏江都人,副教授,博士,主要从事输变电装备绝缘材料劣化机理及其性能提升方法的研究

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谢军, 王琦*, 夏国巍, 乔春瑛, 王麒凯, 杨家旺, 史筱玉
作者信息
  • 华北电力大学 电力工程系,河北 保定 071003
通讯作者:
王琦(2000-),男(汉族),湖南邵阳人,硕士生,主要从事高压绝缘材料的研究。
作者简介:

谢军(1988-),男(汉族),江苏江都人,副教授,博士,主要从事输变电装备绝缘材料劣化机理及其性能提升方法的研究

Comprehensive evaluation of polypropylene films based on combination weighting and extension cloud model
Jun XIE, Qi WANG*, Guowei XIA, Chunying QIAO, Qikai WANG, Jiawang YANG, Xiaoyu SHI
Affiliations
  • Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
出版时间: 2026-04-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.012
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聚丙烯薄膜作为高压直流输电装备中的关键绝缘介质,其综合性能对电力电子器件的运行可靠性和使用寿命具有重要影响,亟需建立可量化、可对比的综合评价方法。本文构建聚丙烯薄膜综合性能评价指标体系,提出一种融合组合赋权与可拓云模型的综合评价方法。首先,采用可拓层次分析法确定指标的主观权重,并利用改进熵权法获取客观权重,在此基础上通过博弈论实现主客观权重的优化融合;随后,引入可拓云模型,计算云关联度完成薄膜综合性能等级判定,并结合置信度因子对评价结果的可信性进行检验;最后,通过宏观性能表征实验验证模型的可靠性。结果表明:该方法能够实现聚丙烯薄膜综合性能的分级,评价结果与绝缘、力学及自愈性能等测试结果具有良好一致性。所提出的综合评价模型具有较好的科学性与实用性,可为聚丙烯薄膜性能评估及材料优化设计提供有效的理论依据。

聚丙烯薄膜  /  综合评估  /  组合赋权  /  可拓云模型

As a critical insulating dielectric in high-voltage direct current transmission equipment, the comprehensive performance of polypropylene film has an important impact on the operational reliability and service life of power electronic devices. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a quantifiable and comparable comprehensive evaluation method. In this paper, a comprehensive performance evaluation index system of polypropylene film was constructed, and a comprehensive evaluation method combining combination weighting and extension cloud model was proposed. First, the subjective weights of indicators were determined by using the extension analytic hierarchy process, and the subjective weights were obtained by improved entropy weight method. On this basis, the optimization integration of subjective and objective weights were achieved through game theory. Subsequently, the extension cloud model was introduced to calculate the cloud correlation degree to complete the comprehensive performance grade determination of films, and the credibility of the evaluation results was tested in combination with the confidence factor. Finally, the reliability of the model was verified by objective performance characterization experiments. The results show that this method can achieve the grading of comprehensive properties of polypropylene films, and the evaluation results are in good agreement with the test conclusions regarding insulation, mechanical properties, and self-healing performance. The proposed comprehensive evaluation model is scientific and practical, which can provide an effective theoretical basis for the performance evaluation and material optimization design of polypropylene film.

polypropylene films  /  comprehensive evaluation  /  combination weight  /  extension cloud model
谢军, 王琦, 夏国巍, 乔春瑛, 王麒凯, 杨家旺, 史筱玉. 基于组合赋权与可拓云模型的聚丙烯薄膜综合评估. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (4) : 94 -105 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.012
Jun XIE, Qi WANG, Guowei XIA, Chunying QIAO, Qikai WANG, Jiawang YANG, Xiaoyu SHI. Comprehensive evaluation of polypropylene films based on combination weighting and extension cloud model[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (4) : 94 -105 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.012
聚丙烯由于其出色的绝缘性能、优异的力学性能和可加工性,在各个领域得到了广泛的应用。作为高压直流输电装备的关键绝缘介质材料,聚丙烯薄膜的综合性能决定了电力电子器件的运行可靠性及使用寿命[1-3]。目前,关于聚丙烯薄膜主流性能的研究多集中于绝缘性能、热稳定性、储能性能、自愈性能、力学性能等[4-8]
聚丙烯薄膜的微观结构与宏观性能之间具有复杂的构效关系,调整等规度、结晶度、灰分、晶粒尺寸等指标,会引起薄膜绝缘、储能、力学等性能的改变[9-13]。然而,当前研究主要聚焦于上述指标对薄膜单一性能的影响,对微观结构作用于多个宏观性能上的演化规律仍缺乏整体性研究,尤其对于晶区取向度、晶粒尺寸等纳米尺度特征与绝缘性能、自愈性能等宏观性能参数的定量关联机制尚未明晰。这种微观与宏观评价体系的割裂,导致薄膜研发和改性存在显著的经验依赖和性能失衡风险[11]。目前针对电力领域的综合评估研究多集中于电能质量、配电网经济运行、变压器状态等,且已有成效[14-16],而对电容器用聚丙烯薄膜的综合评估方法却鲜有报道[17]。因此,本研究开展聚丙烯薄膜综合评价的研究,提出聚丙烯薄膜微观指标体系进而构建其综合性能评估模型,以期突破传统“试错法”材料开发模式的效率瓶颈,并为聚丙烯薄膜材料基因数据库的建立提供理论支撑。
目前,针对结构与性能之间的多指标评估任务,主流研究普遍采用以“指标赋权-评价聚合”为核心思路的决策方法体系,该方法体系依据权重来源不同,可分为主观赋权、客观赋权和组合赋权3种范式,具有良好的可解释性和工程推广基础[18-19]:一是依赖专家经验的主观赋权法;二是基于数据统计特征的客观赋权法;三是综合主客观信息的组合赋权法。然而,不同方法在权重确定机制上具有显著差异性,主观赋权法侧重经验知识,对决策者的专业技能要求较高;客观赋权法强调数据驱动,却容易因数据异常导致权重失真[20];而组合赋权法则致力于主观赋权法和客观赋权法的协同优化[21]。博弈论作为分析竞争选择与最佳策略之间相互作用的数学工具[22-23],可用于寻找主观和客观加权结果之间的一致性和妥协,并计算出更令人满意的权重分配。因此,本研究拟采用主客观融合的组合赋权法,通过引入可拓学原理对传统层次分析法进行改进得到主观权重;利用熵权法得到客观权重并考虑指标相关性对其进行改进优化,然后基于博弈论对主客观权重进行组合。
为避免评估过程中样本选择和交换计数的歧义和随机性,本研究提出一种云模型来获得准确可靠的结果[24-25],云模型在综合评价中通过“概念-数值”双向转换,使其具备应对复杂系统中不确定性挑战的能力,特别适合需要融合主观判断与客观数据的场景。文献[26-27]中提出采用可拓云模型维持指标数据的原始数值结构,同时将物元分级阈值转化为云模型参数,其核心在于利用指标数据与分级边界的双重不确定性映射关系来体现系统模糊性。
综上,本文建立聚丙烯薄膜的指标体系,并将综合赋权与可拓云模型进行结合,提出聚丙烯薄膜的综合评估方法。研究成果可为薄膜改性以及高性能定向开发提供理论依据。
目前的研究尚未针对聚丙烯薄膜建立完备的指标体系,聚丙烯薄膜的微观及结构层面表征指标数量众多,因此确立宏观层面性能的衡量标准,为微观指标的选取提供参考与依据,也是指标体系搭建的关键。考虑聚丙烯薄膜在电气领域的应用及其工作条件与环境,以主流性能为参考,减小性能之间的相关性,将其性能分为相对独立的三类,即绝缘性能为主要衡量标准,其次是自愈性能,最后是力学性能。
在探究各种指标与宏观性能之间的构效关系中,表征性能的实验数据较为复杂,各指标相互牵连,控制变量难以实现,使得体系构建较为困难。为科学有效地构建评估指标体系,选取的指标应最能影响评价对象的综合性能,并且其含义界限需明确,应遵循以下原则[27]
科学性:各项指标应体现评价对象的客观特性,在不同环境中按照实际情况对指标进行调整。
可行性:所选指标应具有良好的可测性与可观性,测量方式应简便易行,并以专业设备提供的数据为依据。
代表性:测量数据要反映薄膜性能的真实状况,指标要简洁不冗余,减少重复性、交叉性。
可靠性:选取的指标要可靠有依据,且是影响材料性能的关键结构参数。
基于已有的研究并结合上述原则,依据宏观性能衡量标准,并考虑实际测量情况,选取结晶度、晶型、片晶尺寸、灰分含量、等规度、取向度、表面粗糙度、厚度、方阻、分子量等10个重要指标构建指标体系,其结构如图1所示。部分重要指标的作用机理简要介绍如下。
结晶度:在半结晶聚合物中同时存在晶区和非晶区,结晶度定义为晶区与非晶区的比值,薄膜中非晶区减少迫使载流子在球晶内部或界面输运,不仅可抑制聚丙烯的介质传导损耗,而且可防止分子链受撞击而断裂,使薄膜的电气强度得到提升[9]
晶型:当前电容器用聚丙烯晶型的研究主要集中在α球晶和β球晶。研究表明,若β球晶良好分散在α球晶中,深陷阱的引入将导致电子迁移率减小,对聚丙烯电学性能有良好的改善作用[28]
灰分含量:聚合完成后,催化剂以固体形式残留在聚丙烯基体内。残留的催化剂通常用灰分含量表征,即煅烧后剩余无机氧化物质量与原始材料质量之比。灰分所引入的大量极性官能团(如羟基、乙烯基、共轭双键等)是缩短电容器寿命的重要因素之一。根据功能密度理论,灰分的存在会导致聚合物骨架与载流子间的电子密度分布受到干扰,从而显著增大材料的电导率并降低其电气强度[29]
取向度:聚丙烯薄膜的取向度与其力学性能密切相关。低取向度状态下,分子链难以实现充分拉伸排列,导致载流子平均自由程增大,进而劣化力学性能;高取向度可诱导形成片晶结构,从而同步提升材料的拉伸强度与韧性。这种有序结晶形态的建立是改善薄膜力学性能的关键机制[10]
表面粗糙度:聚丙烯薄膜的表面粗糙度表征其微观几何形貌的不规则性。研究表明,表面粗糙度过高或过低均不利于薄膜的机械强度与耐高温击穿特性[30]。因此,需严格控制薄膜平均粗糙度以保障机械强度和电气强度。
传统层次分析法(AHP)是使用单一点值来描述主观判断,难以充分反映决策过程中的不确定性,且忽略了评价边界的模糊性[27]。随着可拓理论与区间数学理论的逐步发展,研究者将二者与AHP融合提出了一种可拓层次分析法(EAHP)[31],其创新在于通过可拓区间数表征指标间相对重要程度,构建具有不确定性容错能力的判断矩阵。该方法目前已在能源、电力等工程领域实现应用,其有效性与实用性得到了实证支持[27,32-33]
由于聚丙烯薄膜的指标较多,根据以上指标体系构建原则、衡量标准以及专家意见,初步划分微观结构指标与宏观性能的构效关系,建立EAHP结构层次图,如图2所示。通过EAHP确定主观权重的操作流程如下。
(1)评审专家小组参考标度准则,对同一因素集内的指标进行两两比较,给出区间评分。设有H位专家进行打分,第 h 位专家评分对应的可拓区间为aijh=<aij-haij+h>h=1,2,…,H),aij表示指标ai比指标aj的相对重要程度;< >表示区间。本研究采用表1中的1~9标度法[34]进行量化处理。
对于任意ij,有1/9<aij-aij+<9。第 k层可拓区间数的求解公式如式(1)所示。
Aijk=1H(aij1+aij2++aijH)
式(1)中:Aijk为第k层的可拓区间数,本文中指标层为第1层,准则层为第2层;为区间数乘法。
本文共邀请了5位专家参与EAHP指标权重的两两对比打分,取平均分构成各层的可拓判断矩阵,数据如表25所示。
(2)求出左右判断矩阵A-A+,通过A-A+计算出具有正分量的归一化特征向量,分别记为x-x+,其中A=<A-A+>,A-=[aij-]nk×nkA+=[aij+]nk×nk,其中nk为第k层判断矩阵的阶数。
添加系数lm,匹配一致性,如式(2)所示。
l=j=1nk(1/i=1nkaij+)m=j=1nk(1/i=1nkaij-)
(3)计算矩阵特征向量(Sk),如式(3)所示。
Sk=(S1k, S2k,, Snkk)T=<lx-, mx+>
式(3)中:Sknk为第nk个指标的权重向量。
(4)求解各因素的单层排序权重值V,如式(4)所示。
V(SikSjk)=2(Sik+-Sjk-)(Sik+-Sik-)+(Sjk+-Sjk-)
若对任意ij=1,2,…,nkij,都有V(SikSjk)≥0,则Pjk=1,Pik=V(SikSjk),其中Pik为第k层的第i元素对上一层的单排序,归一化后得到式(5)。
Pk=(P1k, P2k, , Pnkk)T
(5)按照串联关系依次上推,逐层计算可得各因素对目标层的重要性程度,即各指标的总权重,如式(6)所示。
Wk=PkPk-1P3W2
式(6)中,W2即为前面计算的层次单排序的结果。
由上述公式计算得到本文指标的主观权重W1=(0.106 1,0.071 3,0.129 4,0.112 2,0.109 6,0.102 8,0.053 4,0.059 3,0.092 7,0.163 1)T
熵权法[35-36]的权重计算源于指标数据的信息离散度特征,该方法通过量化各维度信息熵的差异来实现权重分配,但在实际应用中发现传统算法存在固有缺陷(如对极端值敏感、忽略指标间相关性、数据波动较小时权重失真等)。本文针对熵权法的局限性,提出一种融合指标相关性的改进熵权模型,可解决传统熵权法固有缺陷,避免数据波动较小时权重失真,相比传统熵权法能更合理地处理指标相关性。
采用改进熵权法求解客观权重的操作流程如下。
(1)设待评价对象共有 m 个,评价指标共 n 项,数据构成的判断矩阵X如式(7)所示。
X=x11x12x1nx21x22x2nxm1xm2xmn
式(7)中,xiji=1,2,…mj=1,2,…,n)为第i个评价对象的第j个指标数据。
(2)由于评价体系中存在量纲差异显著的定量指标与定性指标,需通过规范化方法消除维度影响以构建可比性基准。本文依据量纲差异,采用分段式隶属度函数实现数据归一化:极大型指标应用升半梯形函数映射至[0,1]区间,突出高值优势;极小型指标采用降半梯形函数转换,强化低值有效性,归一化公式如式(8)所示。
xi=0xia1xi-a1a2-a1a1<xia21xi>a2 xi=1xia1a2-xia2-a1a1<xia20xi>a2
式(8)中:xi为归一化数值;a1a2为待评指标的数值界限,通过归一化处理形成决策矩Yij
(3)归一化第j个指标下第i个评价对象的数值以求取特征比重Pij,再计算该指标的信息熵Ej,并求出差异系数Gj,如式(9)~(11)所示。
Pij=Yiji=1nYij
Ej=-1lnnj=1nPijlnPij
Gj=1-Ej
考虑到对数函数定义域中真数应大于零的约束,在此规定,limPij=0Pijln Pij=0
(4)引入相关系数衡量指标间相关性:计算Pearson相关系数阵R=[rjk]m×m,第j项指标的冲突性Cj如式(12)所示。
Cj=k=1,k=jm1-|rjk|)
式(12)中:冲突性Cj越大,代表指标j与其他指标的相关性越低,提供的信息越独立;m为数阵阶数。
(5)结合差异系数Gj和冲突性Cj计算综合信息量Mj,并通过式(13)和式(14)得到最终归一化权重。
Mj=GjCj
Wj=Mjj=1mMj
式(14)中,Wj为最终权重向量。
本文采用市面较优的3家薄膜厂生产的6种薄膜作为客观权重的参照数据来源,记为#1~#6,其所用粒料分别来自中国、日本、北欧。对6种薄膜进行指标数据的测量,测试方法如下。
采用日本理学公司生产的Rigaku-SmartLab型X射线多晶衍射仪(XRD)对不同薄膜的结晶结构进行分析,测试角度为5°~90°,扫描速率为10°/min。
采用德国布鲁克公司生产的Bruker-Dimension Icon型原子力显微镜(AFM)对薄膜进行表面形貌测试,具体扫描范围为10 μm×10 μm。
采用法国格勒诺布尔公司生产的Xenocs-Xeuss 2.0型X射线广角散射仪(WAXS)对薄膜进行微观结构测试,选择常规入射模式,矢量散射范围为3~28 nm-1
图3为6种薄膜的XRD测试结果。从图3可以看出,薄膜中均不存在β晶型,因此它们的β晶型占比均为0。对XRD图谱的面积进行积分,采用式(15)计算得到聚丙烯薄膜的结晶度(Xc)。
Xc=S1-S2S1
式(15)中:S1代表衍射图谱中整个衍射峰的面积;S2代表非晶区的面积。
此外,采用Debye-Scherre公式可计算出薄膜的片晶厚度(Δ),如式(16)所示。
Δ=KλWFWHMcosθ
式(16)中:K为Scherrer形状因子,取值为0.89;λX射线波长,其值为0.150 46 nm;θ为Bragg角;WFWHM为衍射峰(040)的半峰高度。
图4为6种薄膜的AFM测试结果。从图4可以看出,6种薄膜的表面粗糙度不同,其中#5和#6薄膜的表面粗糙度明显大于#1~#4薄膜,其表面表现出更多的微观不规则性。
图5为6种聚丙烯薄膜的WAXS图。从图5可以看出,6种薄膜散射强度分布不均匀,沿取向方向的散射强度高,表明薄膜中均具有明显的取向结构。
对6种薄膜的WAXS图进行处理,并计算一维强度积分曲线,结果如图6所示,其中φ表示从X射线的入射方向到被测物质表面法线之间的夹角。采用式(17)和式(18)可计算出第1个峰的Hermans取向因子f [37]
f=3<cos2θ>-12
<cos2θ>=0π2I(θ)cos2θsinθdθ0π2I(θ)sinθdθ
式(17)~(18)中:θ是取向方向与待测区域法向之间的角度;I(θ)是扣除背景后的一维强度分布。
图6可以看出,6种薄膜在90°(即纵向)具有明显的取向。综上,将测出的数据结果与厂家提供的原始数据信息汇总,得到6种薄膜的指标信息,如表6所示。
针对表6各薄膜的指标信息,采用上述客观权重的计算方法,即可得到指标的客观权重W2=(0,0.117 2,0.082 5,0.115 5,0.123 5,0.127 0,0.101 5,0.104 9,0.140 3,0.087 5)T
上文已得到各指标的主客观权重,为了提高权重的科学合理性,本文参考文献[22],基于博弈论对主客观权重进行组合赋权,其步骤如下。
(1)设权重向量集合w={w1, w2},其中w1为主观权重,w2为客观权重。则两个权重向量的线性组合为式(19)。
W=α1w1T+α2w2T
式(19)中,α1α2为权重系数,表示主观权重和客观权重在综合权重中所占的比例。
(2)根据博弈集成思想,构建以最小离差为目标函数的优化模型,求解权重组合系数,最终形成合理的综合权重分配方案,由此确定目标函数为式(20)。
min W-wq2,  q=1, 2
(3)通过引入矩阵微分运算规则,将式(19)等效转化为符合最优化一阶必要条件的线性方程系统,如式(21)所示。
w1w1Tw1w2Tw2w1Tw2w2Tα1α2=w1w1Tw2w2T
(4)最优线性系数α1α2经求解与归一化后,最终得到融合主客观信息的综合权重W,如式(22)所示。
W=α1*w1T+α2*w2T
式(22)中:α1*=α1α1+α2α2*=α2α1+α2
按照上述步骤求得的各指标综合权重如表7所示。
高斯云模型[27]融合了随机性与模糊性两种不确定性特征,成为复杂系统评价的重要工具。其核心由三参数描述:期望值Ex表征云滴在论域空间中的集中趋势,体现系统模糊性的核心位置;熵En一方面反映模糊隶属度的阈值范围,另一方面量化随机性引起的数据波动;超熵He作为熵的扩展,刻画云滴的离散程度及模型的凝聚稳定性。
采用正向云发生器(Ex=8,En=4,He=0.6)模拟生成1 000个云滴,分布呈典型高斯形态,如图7所示。统计分析表明,约68.3%的云滴集中于[Ex-En,Ex+En]区间,约95.4%的云滴集中于[Ex-2EnEx+2En]区间,符合云模型对不确定性边界的描述规律。
将可拓理论和云模型进行有机结合构成可拓云模型,如式(23)所示。
R云物=NC1(Ex1, En1, He1)C2(Ex2, En2, He2)......Cn(Exn, Enn, Hen)
式(23)中:R表示云物元,是可拓学中物元理论与模型相结合的一种表达形式;N表示有几个指标(C1, C2, C3, …, Cn);Cn表示第n个云物元的指标值;Exn表示第n个云物元的期望值;Enn表示第n个云物元的熵值,Hen表示第n个云物元的超熵值。
用可拓云模型对聚丙烯薄膜进行综合评估的完整步骤如下。
(1)确定待评价物元:前文已确定10个评价物元。
(2)建立评估等级标准云:定量数据采用数据本身,定性数据采用专家打分形式,参考现有文献研究[5,9-12]、参照GB/T 13542.3—2006、T/CPCIF 0332—2024等聚丙烯薄膜相关标准,以及专家建议与经验判断(前述5名专家评估给出合理划分后取加权平均),得到A(优秀)、B(良好)、C(一般)3个等级界限。为便于数据处理与等级判别,按照设定的限值标准对评估指标进行区域划分,最终形成等级区间界限,如表8所示。视等级界限为双约束区间,根据式(24)~(26)计算出标准云模型,见表9
Ex=cmin+cmax2
En=cmax-cmin6
He=s
式(24)~(26)中:cmincmax为等级界限的左右边界;s为常数,在标准云模型构建中,参考文献[27]统一设定超熵参数He=0.001,旨在维持云模型结构的稳定性并模拟指标等级边界附近的微小扰动。由于En通常是He的数十倍以上,因此He的取值对云关联度影响较小。经敏感性测试,He在合理范围(0.000 1~0.010 0)内变化时,评估等级与综合得分结果稳定。
(3)确定指标综合权重:前文已完成综合权重的计算,W=(w1,w2,…,wn)。
(4)计算综合判断矩阵:在确定了待评物元、权重、标准云的基础上,构造指标与3个等级的云关联度函数。输入期望值Ex、熵值En、超熵值He、指标值和权重向量,求解得到所有的云关联度构成的判断矩阵z。公式如式(27)~(28)所示。
μi=exp -xi-Ex22Enn2
z=k11k12k13k21k22k23.........kn1kn2kn3
式(27)~(28)中:μi表示指标值xi与该等级标准云的云关联度;kij为待评指标Ci与评价等级j的标准云之间的云关联度。
(5)评估评分:将得到的权重向量和综合判断矩阵相乘,获得综合判断向量,即D=WZ。为减弱超熵He随机性的干扰,通过多次计算取平均;为衡量评估结果的可信性,引入置信度因子q,该参数大小用于反映评判结果的可靠程度,其计算公式如式(29)所示。
q=ErnErx
式(29)中:q<0.01即可认为该结果可信,ErnErx为多次计算求出的熵值和期望值。
本文取浙江南洋有限公司生产的薄膜#N与宁波大东南万象科技有限公司生产的薄膜#D进行对比验证,将所测得的数据进行整理,得到指标值如表10所示。
将已得到的综合权重和指标值输入模型,为提升评估精度并规避随机波动影响,需进行多次重复计算,可拓云模型在计算云关联度时涉及到随机云滴的生成过程,模拟次数越多,评估结果的均值与方差越趋于稳定。通过前期多组测试以及查阅相关文献[25],500次已基本达到收敛稳定的评估水平,继续增加次数收益有限。因此本文共执行500次重复计算操作,得到综合判断向量。
同时,为检验模型的鲁棒性,本文从机器学习角度基于表6的#1~#6训练集和表10的#N、#D测试集,共8个样本,随机抽取3组6个样本作为训练集,重复建模并对比结果。抽样设置如下。
组合1:客观权重训练集[#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6]
组合2:客观权重训练集[#2,#3,#4,#5,#N,#D]
组合3:客观权重训练集[#1,#2,#5,#6,#N,#D]
保持主观权重不变,与上文一致,客观权重及组合权重仍采用上文改进熵权以及基于博弈论的组合赋权,所得最终权重结果、综合判断向量及置信度因子分别如表11表12所示。从表11表12可以看出,置信度因子都小于0.01,表明模型运算结果满足要求,可信度高;由综合判断向量可知,根据最大隶属度原则,两个样品3次组合的模型运行结果中,#N、#D均分别属于B和C等级,表明#N薄膜的综合性能更优,同时模型的鲁棒性得到验证。
本文将通过宏观性能表征实验的简要定性、定量分析来验证该模型的评估结果。以室温下直流电气强度和介电常数来反映薄膜的绝缘强度,通过将薄膜以相同材质镀层金属化后,在室温和同等压强的情况下得到的自愈能量随电压等级变化趋势来反映薄膜的自愈特性,最后对薄膜进行拉伸测试得到弹性模量和断裂伸长率,以此来揭示其力学性能。
对#N和#D薄膜进行宏观性能测试,结果如图8所示。从图8可以看出,#D薄膜的电气强度为641.3 V/μm,#N薄膜的电气强度为670.79 V/μm,#N薄膜的电气强度和介电常数显然均高于#D薄膜,表明#N薄膜的绝缘性能表现得更为优异;相比#D薄膜,#N薄膜在自愈过程中需要的自愈能量更低,表明其自愈特性更为优异;通过计算可知#D薄膜的断裂伸长率和弹性模量分别为104.64%,1 765.077 MPa,而#N薄膜的则分别为55.99%,871.12 MPa,表明#D薄膜表现出更好的韧性,其拥有更高的机械强度。为进一步定量验证模型结论,基于表10指标数据以及宏观测试数据,利用本文构建的综合评估模型对#N、#D薄膜进行性能拆解分析:通过前文模型中EAHP可确定宏观性能的权重占比,分别为绝缘性能(权重0.53)、自愈性能(权重0.32)、力学性能(权重0.15),以#D薄膜为基准,将宏观性能实验数据转为定量计算分析,结果如表13所示。从表13可以看出,#N薄膜具有更优良的综合性能,由此可见该评价方法得出的结果与实际相符,该评估模型的可靠性得到了验证。
本文通过构建指标体系,采用组合赋权确定各指标的权重,并基于可拓理论建立云模型,提出了一种聚丙烯薄膜的综合评估方法,为聚丙烯薄膜的改性及定向开发提供了理论参考,得出结论如下:
(1)通过将EAHP与改进熵权法相融合,对各指标的权重进行计算建立了可靠的指标体系,其中客观权重的确立基于市面上6种薄膜的真实数据,避免了主观赋权的绝对性和客观赋权的脱离实际。
(2)基于博弈论对主客观权重进行综合,提高了权重的科学合理性。基于可拓理论建立了云模型,将聚丙烯薄膜的综合表现分为A、B、C 3个等级,并将其和组合赋权进行融合,提出了综合评估的方法。
(3)通过模型运算结果和宏观性能实验分析进行实例验证,结果验证了此评价模型的可行性,可作为聚丙烯薄膜综合评估的一个有效方法。

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2026年第59卷第4期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.04.012
  • 接收时间:2025-05-13
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-13
  • 修回日期:2025-06-27
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    华北电力大学 电力工程系,河北 保定 071003

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王琦(2000-),男(汉族),湖南邵阳人,硕士生,主要从事高压绝缘材料的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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