Article(id=1304921597953995302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921526004904728, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740585600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-27, revisedDate=1745337600000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789047153223, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=1773936000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789047153223, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789047153223, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789047153223, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304921526004904728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2026', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773936000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789047136068, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789118116024, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1305219237560217894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921526004904728, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1305219237560217895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1304921526004904728, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=132, endPage=139, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304921598142738983, articleId=1304921597953995302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Study on properties of modified polypropylene films with different grafting rates, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the development of power electronic equipment toward high-frequency, miniaturization, and integration, the performance of traditional polypropylene (PP) film materials is gradually becoming insufficient to meet the requirements of modern capacitors for high electric strength, low dielectric loss, and long service life. To address this, the modified PP film materials with different grafting rates were prepared by grafting 4-methylstyrene onto polypropylene (PP) via an aqueous suspension grafting method, and the effect of grafting rate on their comprehensive properties was studied. The results show that the optimal swelling time and reaction time of grafting modification are 120 minutes and 150 minutes, respectively. With the increase of grafting rate, the heating melting curve tends to shift towards lower temperatures, while the cooling crystallization curve tends to shift towards higher temperatures. When the grafting rate is 0.88%, the modified PP exhibits the highest tensile strength and elongation at break, with the electric strength reaching a maximum value of 400.8 kV/mm, and the trap density reaching a maximum value of 9.52×1019 m-³·eV-1, which is nearly 3.8 times higher than the maximum trap energy level density of pure PP material.

, authors=Yufei CHEN1, Shuying YU2, Xiang XIAO1, Jianping LIAO1, Yongli WU3, Guifa HUANG3, Yiyi ZHANG2, *, authorsList=Yufei CHEN, Shuying YU, Xiang XIAO, Jianping LIAO, Yongli WU, Guifa HUANG, Yiyi ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yiyi ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304921601032614470, articleId=1304921597953995302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=不同接枝率改性聚丙烯薄膜的性能研究, columnId=1190369066813591720, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=材料研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着电力电子设备向高频化、小型化和集成化方向发展,传统聚丙烯薄膜材料的性能逐渐难以满足现代电容器对高电气强度、低介质损耗和长寿命的要求。为此,本文通过水相悬浮接枝法利用4-甲基苯乙烯接枝聚丙烯(PP)制备不同接枝率改性PP薄膜材料,系统研究不同接枝率对PP综合性能的影响。结果表明:接枝改性的最佳工艺溶胀时间和反应时间分别为120 min和150 min。随着接枝率的增加,升温熔融曲线出现向低温方向移动趋势,降温结晶曲线出现向高温方向移动趋势。当接枝率为0.88%时,改性PP的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最高,电气强度达到最大值400.8 kV/mm,陷阱密度最大值为9.52×1019 m-3·eV-1,相较于纯PP材料的陷阱密度最大值提升将近3.8倍。

, authors=陈宇飞1, 余姝颖2, 肖翔1, 廖建平1, 吴永利3, 黄桂发3, 张镱议2, *, authorsList=陈宇飞, 余姝颖, 肖翔, 廖建平, 吴永利, 黄桂发, 张镱议, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张镱议, authorNote=

陈宇飞(1997-),男(汉族),吉林长春人,助理工程师,主要从事发配电管理的研究

, correspAuthorsNote=
张镱议(1986-),男(汉族),广西崇左人,教授,主要从事绝缘技术、绝缘故障诊断与评估技术的研究。
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陈宇飞(1997-),男(汉族),吉林长春人,助理工程师,主要从事发配电管理的研究

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陈宇飞(1997-),男(汉族),吉林长春人,助理工程师,主要从事发配电管理的研究

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DSC analysis data of modified PP

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接枝率/%熔融温度/℃结晶温度/℃结晶度/%
0168.1114.553.2
0.41166.0117.647.3
0.65165.1120.646.8
0.88163.7122.242.1
0.97123.5123.539.5
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改性PP的DSC分析数据

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接枝率/%熔融温度/℃结晶温度/℃结晶度/%
0168.1114.553.2
0.41166.0117.647.3
0.65165.1120.646.8
0.88163.7122.242.1
0.97123.5123.539.5
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不同接枝率改性聚丙烯薄膜的性能研究
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陈宇飞 1 , 余姝颖 2 , 肖翔 1 , 廖建平 1 , 吴永利 3 , 黄桂发 3 , 张镱议 2, *
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2026,59(3): 132-139
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绝缘材料 |材料研究 2026 , 59 (3) : 132 -139
不同接枝率改性聚丙烯薄膜的性能研究
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陈宇飞1, 余姝颖2, 肖翔1, 廖建平1, 吴永利3, 黄桂发3, 张镱议2, *
作者信息
  • 1中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司电力科研院,广东 广州 510700
  • 2广西大学 电气工程学院,广西 南宁 530004
  • 3桂林电力电容有限责任公司,广西 桂林 541004
通讯作者:
张镱议(1986-),男(汉族),广西崇左人,教授,主要从事绝缘技术、绝缘故障诊断与评估技术的研究。
作者简介:

陈宇飞(1997-),男(汉族),吉林长春人,助理工程师,主要从事发配电管理的研究

Study on properties of modified polypropylene films with different grafting rates
Yufei CHEN1, Shuying YU2, Xiang XIAO1, Jianping LIAO1, Yongli WU3, Guifa HUANG3, Yiyi ZHANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1China Southern Power Grid Corporation Limited Ultra High Voltage Transmission Company Electric Power Research Institute, Guangzhou 510700, China
  • 2School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
  • 3Guilin Power Capacitor Co., Ltd., Guilin 541004, China
出版时间: 2026-03-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.015
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随着电力电子设备向高频化、小型化和集成化方向发展,传统聚丙烯薄膜材料的性能逐渐难以满足现代电容器对高电气强度、低介质损耗和长寿命的要求。为此,本文通过水相悬浮接枝法利用4-甲基苯乙烯接枝聚丙烯(PP)制备不同接枝率改性PP薄膜材料,系统研究不同接枝率对PP综合性能的影响。结果表明:接枝改性的最佳工艺溶胀时间和反应时间分别为120 min和150 min。随着接枝率的增加,升温熔融曲线出现向低温方向移动趋势,降温结晶曲线出现向高温方向移动趋势。当接枝率为0.88%时,改性PP的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最高,电气强度达到最大值400.8 kV/mm,陷阱密度最大值为9.52×1019 m-3·eV-1,相较于纯PP材料的陷阱密度最大值提升将近3.8倍。

聚丙烯薄膜  /  接枝率  /  电容器  /  力学性能  /  电气性能  /  陷阱能级

With the development of power electronic equipment toward high-frequency, miniaturization, and integration, the performance of traditional polypropylene (PP) film materials is gradually becoming insufficient to meet the requirements of modern capacitors for high electric strength, low dielectric loss, and long service life. To address this, the modified PP film materials with different grafting rates were prepared by grafting 4-methylstyrene onto polypropylene (PP) via an aqueous suspension grafting method, and the effect of grafting rate on their comprehensive properties was studied. The results show that the optimal swelling time and reaction time of grafting modification are 120 minutes and 150 minutes, respectively. With the increase of grafting rate, the heating melting curve tends to shift towards lower temperatures, while the cooling crystallization curve tends to shift towards higher temperatures. When the grafting rate is 0.88%, the modified PP exhibits the highest tensile strength and elongation at break, with the electric strength reaching a maximum value of 400.8 kV/mm, and the trap density reaching a maximum value of 9.52×1019 m-³·eV-1, which is nearly 3.8 times higher than the maximum trap energy level density of pure PP material.

polypropylene film  /  grafting rate  /  capacitor  /  mechanical properties  /  electrical properties  /  trap energy level
陈宇飞, 余姝颖, 肖翔, 廖建平, 吴永利, 黄桂发, 张镱议. 不同接枝率改性聚丙烯薄膜的性能研究. 绝缘材料, 2026 , 59 (3) : 132 -139 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.015
Yufei CHEN, Shuying YU, Xiang XIAO, Jianping LIAO, Yongli WU, Guifa HUANG, Yiyi ZHANG. Study on properties of modified polypropylene films with different grafting rates[J]. Insulating Materials, 2026 , 59 (3) : 132 -139 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.015
聚丙烯(PP)薄膜因其优异的电绝缘性能、良好的机械强度和化学稳定性,广泛应用于电力电容器领域,成为目前市场上主流的电容器介质材料之一[1-2]。然而,随着电力电子设备向高频化、小型化和集成化方向发展,传统PP薄膜材料的性能逐渐难以满足现代电容器对高电气强度、低介质损耗和长寿命的要求[3-4]。因此,通过改性技术提升PP薄膜的综合性能,成为当前研究的热点与难点。
接枝改性作为一种有效的聚合物材料功能化方法,通过在聚合物主链上引入功能性官能团,能够显著改善材料的界面性能、结晶行为和电学特性[5-8]。近年来,研究者们探索了多种接枝改性方法,例如通过等离子体预处理引发接枝改性[9]、紫外光引发接枝[10]、自由基引发接枝[11]和Steglich酯化反应接枝[12]等。ZHANG Wenjia等[13]研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)接枝聚丙烯在不同温度下的电树引发和生长特性,发现高温可以促进电树化过程,而接枝改性会阻碍该过程,在接枝材料中引入更深的陷阱可以限制电子的运动,从而限制电树的引发过程。LI P Y等[14]基于聚硫化物的静电吸引和催化作用,提出了一种新的策略来改性PP薄膜,以抑制多硫化物的穿梭效应,并促进拦截的多硫化物的有效转化。
虽然目前各接枝改性方法与其他新方法都促进了PP材料的发展,然而,现有报道并未开展接枝率对性能调控的研究。本文以电容器用PP薄膜为研究对象,通过引入功能性接枝单体4-甲基苯乙烯,系统研究不同接枝率对PP综合性能的影响。同时,结合表征手段深入探讨接枝改性机制,旨在为高性能聚丙烯薄膜材料的开发提供依据。
PP粉料(工业级),中国石化有限公司大庆石化公司;二甲苯(分析纯)、4-甲基苯乙烯(分析纯)、丙酮(分析纯)、过氧化苯甲酰(分析纯)、无水乙醇(99.8%),阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司;蒸馏水(作为分散剂),实验室自制。
采用水相悬浮接枝法制备改性PP,实验流程如图1所示,接枝反应机理如图2所示。将PP粉料、接枝单体(4-甲基苯乙烯)、界面剂(二甲苯)、分散剂(水)加入带有冷凝管的三口烧瓶中,然后置于50℃的水浴锅中搅拌至溶解,到达指定时间后取出烧瓶,待水浴锅温度升到90℃,将烧瓶重新放回水浴锅加热,并加入过氧化苯甲酰,继续搅拌进行反应,到达指定的时间后停止反应,将产物从烧瓶中取出后用热蒸馏水以及乙醇洗涤并进行抽滤以去除杂质,然后用丙酮萃取12 h,放入真空干燥箱中在60℃下干燥24 h,最后用平板硫化机在200℃、10 MPa的条件下压成厚度为300 μm的薄膜。
使用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR,Nicolet iS50型)进行红外光谱分析。设置分辨率为2 cm-1,扫描32次,分别记录纯PP、改性PP和4-甲基苯乙烯在波数为4 000~400 cm-1的傅里叶变换红外光谱图。
使用差示扫描量热仪(DSC,300 Caliris® Classic型,德国耐驰仪器有限公司)测量材料的热参数。测量过程中取5 mg试样,以20 mL/min的速率通入氮气。以10℃/min的速率从40℃升温到200℃,保温3 min消除热历史,再以10℃/min的速率降温至40℃,测量其吸收的热量并绘制结晶曲线;保温3 min,以10℃/min的速率升温到200℃,测量试样吸收的热量并绘制熔融曲线。结晶度(Xc[15]的计算公式为式(1)。
Xc=ΔHfΔH×100%
式(1)中:Xc为结晶度,%;ΔHf为试样的结晶焓,J/g;ΔH为PP基体完全结晶的热焓,其值为209 J/g。
使用冲片机将厚度为1 mm的试样制成标距为25 mm、宽度为6 mm的标准型哑铃状试样,然后使用万能拉力实验机(AG-100kNX型,日本岛津公司)对哑铃状试样进行力学性能测试。依据GB/T 1040.2—2022的试验条件,设定拉伸速度为200 mm/min,最大拉力为500 N,得到试样的弹性模量、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。
使用宽频介电谱电流测试系统(Concept 80型,德国Novocontrol公司)测量介电常数,试样尺寸为30 mm×30 mm×0.3 mm。采用直径为25 mm的圆柱电极构建平行电场,极间电压有效值为1 V,测试温度为45℃,测量电压频率为10-1~107 Hz。
采用电压击穿实验仪(HCDJC-100kV型,北京华测试验仪器有限公司),根据GB 1408.1—2025测试击穿电压。采用两个直径为25 mm的圆柱电极作为测试电极,选用直径为40 mm、厚度为0.3 mm的圆片作为试样,升压速率为1 kV/s。测试电极和试样浸泡在绝缘油中,整体实验平台与周围保持良好绝缘,按照式(2)计算电气强度[16]
EB=UBd
式(2)中:EB为电气强度,kV/mm;UB为击穿电压,kV;d为击穿点的厚度,mm。
在进行直流击穿测试前,要确保测试环境的稳定性。温度和湿度的变化可能会导致薄膜发生膨胀或收缩,从而影响厚度。因此,控制测试环境温度为(23±2)℃,相对湿度为(50±5)%。同时,在测试过程中,要避免薄膜受到外界干扰,确保测试结果的准确性。
采用热激去极化电流法(TSDC)测量纯PP与接枝率为0.88%的改性PP材料的陷阱能级。测量前,在样品两侧溅射金电极,并在50℃下用4 kV/mm的直流电场极化30 min,然后迅速冷却至-90℃并维持3 min,之后移除极化电压,再以3℃/min的加热速率从-90℃升温至100℃,最后对样品进行电流测量,得到俘获的陷阱能级及密度。
图3是纯PP、改性PP和4-甲基苯乙烯的红外光谱。从图3可以看出,改性PP在1 504 cm-1处出现4-甲基苯乙烯中的苯环振动吸收峰,在1 633 cm-1处没有观察到乙烯基的拉伸振动峰[17]。此外,没有观察到与杂质对应的新峰,证实4-甲基苯乙烯单体成功接枝到PP上。
图4是溶胀时间对改性PP接枝率的影响。从图4可以看出,随溶胀时间的延长,接枝率增加;溶胀130 min后,接枝率趋于稳定,确定最佳溶胀时间为130 min。图5是为满足上述工艺条件且PP质量为10 g、分散剂(蒸馏水水)用量为60 mL时,4-甲基苯乙烯和引发剂(过氧化苯甲酰)用量对改性PP接枝率影响的趋势图。从图5可以看出,随着4-甲基苯乙烯用量增加,改性PP的接枝率均先增大后减小。分析其原因可能是当4-甲基苯乙烯用量较小时,过氧化苯甲酰分解生成的自由基可以有效引发接枝反应,所以接枝率逐渐增大;当单体用量过多时,大量的单体来不及进行接枝反应从而进行自聚,导致接枝率减小。随着引发剂用量的增加,接枝率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,这是因为增加引发剂的量会增加分解自由基的数量,从而增加接枝率。然而,过量的引发剂会导致4-甲基苯乙烯发生均聚反应,消耗大量单体,从而降低接枝率。
图6是反应时间对改性PP接枝率的影响。从图6可看出,随反应时间的增加,接枝率先逐渐增加后基本保持不变。随着反应时间延长,4-甲基苯乙烯主要进行均聚反应,均聚反应对接枝率影响不大,因此接枝率变化不大,最终确定最佳反应时间为150 min。图7是二甲苯用量对改性PP接枝率的影响。从图7可以看出,随着二甲苯用量的增加,接枝率呈现先增后降的趋势,当二甲苯用量为2.2 mL时,接枝率达到最高值0.92%。图8是基于过氧化苯甲酰最佳用量(0.12 g)的条件下,4-甲基苯乙烯用量对改性PP接枝率的影响。从图8可以看出,当4-甲基苯乙烯用量为1.3 mL时,接枝率可达0.97%。
综上所述,可以确定接枝改性的最佳工艺为:PP 10 g,分散剂60 mL,二甲苯2.2 mL,过氧化苯甲酰0.12 g,4-甲基苯乙烯1.3 mL,溶胀时间为120 min,反应时间为150 min。
利用DSC分析纯PP和不同接枝率改性PP的熔融过程和结晶过程,结果如图9所示,其中下部分曲线是升温熔融曲线,上部分曲线是降温结晶曲线。从图9可以看出,随着接枝率的升高,升温熔融曲线出现向低温方向移动(左移)的趋势。这可能是因为聚合物结晶过程中高分子链之间有序排列和紧密堆砌(PP在结晶时是螺旋形构象),其结构逐渐规整,结构破坏过程需要更多能量[18-19],由于4-甲基苯乙烯的接枝,聚合物内部规整有序的结构遭到一定程度破坏,改性PP熔融时所需的能量减少,其中接枝率为0.97%的改性PP具有最小熔融温度值(123.5℃)。根据结晶动力学理论以及Avrami模型理论分析可知,接枝率的变化会影响聚丙烯分子链的运动能力和结晶成核过程。因此,接枝率提高会驱动结晶过程从“生长受限”逐步转向“成核控制+生长受限”并存的动力学特征。
分析图9的降温结晶曲线可知,纯PP的结晶温度为114.5℃,随着接枝率的增加,降温结晶曲线出现向高温方向移动(右移)的趋势。这可能是因为随着4-甲基苯乙烯单体的不断引入,改性PP内部的自由体积变小,空间位阻增大,分子运动需要更多的热能,其中接枝率为0.97%的改性PP具有最高的结晶温度(123.5℃)。
表1是改性PP的DSC分析数据。从表1可以看出,随着接枝率的增大,改性PP的结晶度呈下降趋势,这与上述分析结果相符,当接枝率为0.97%时,结晶度降低至39.5%。结晶度的降低,表明改性PP绝缘材料的断裂伸长率和冲击韧性降低,柔软度增强,说明改性PP更适合用于电容器薄膜的卷制加工。
图10是不同接枝率改性PP材料的拉伸强度测试结果。从图10可以看出,当接枝率小于0.88%时,改性PP材料的拉伸强度随接枝率的增加呈现增大的趋势,这可能是因为4-甲基苯乙烯上有苯环,随着其用量的增加,改性PP材料的内部空间位阻增大,使得改性PP材料的刚性增大,所以拉伸强度增加;当接枝率高于0.88%时,改性PP材料的拉伸强度下降,这是因为随着接枝反应的发生,聚丙烯分子链侧基上刚性大分子增多,与此同时,4-甲基苯乙烯的多聚体也增多,改性PP分子链结构及其规整性受到破坏,从而导致拉伸强度下降。当接枝率为0.88%时,拉伸强度达到最大值29.5 MPa,与纯PP(23.4 MPa)相比提升了26.1%,表明4-甲基苯乙烯的引入可以提升改性PP材料的拉伸强度。
图11是不同接枝率改性PP材料的断裂伸长率测试结果。从图11可以看出,当接枝率小于0.88%时,改性PP材料的断裂伸长率随着接枝率的增加逐渐增大,这可能是因为在初始引发阶段,带有共轭结构的苯环接枝在PP上的比较少,PP分子链位阻较小,使其断裂伸长率增大较快;当接枝率大于0.88%时,改性PP材料的断裂伸长率开始出现大幅下降,可能是4-甲基苯乙烯增加,改性PP材料的刚性侧基数量增加,导致分子链空间位阻加大,刚性增加,从而导致断裂伸长率下降;当接枝率为0.88%时,断裂伸长率达到最大值16.9%,表明在一定的接枝率下,4-甲基苯乙烯单体可以提高改性PP材料的断裂伸长率。
不同接枝率改性PP材料的介电常数如图12所示。从图12可以看出,随着接枝率的增加,PP材料的介电常数逐渐增大,其中纯PP的介电常数最小,0.1 Hz下约为2.25,而接枝率为0.97%的改性PP介电常数最大,0.1 Hz下约为2.56,这是由于接枝率增大,体系中共轭分子增多,体系极性增大,导致介电常数有所增大。从图12还可以看出,介电常数随着频率的增加而减小,这是由于极性基团的运动在高频范围内跟不上电场频率的变化[20]。不同接枝率改性PP材料的介质损耗因数如图13所示。从图13可以看出,介质损耗因数随着接枝率的增加而逐渐增大,其中纯PP的介质损耗因数最小,0.1 Hz下约为0.001,而接枝率为0.97%时的改性PP介质损耗因数最大,0.1 Hz下约为0.005,这可能归因于共轭分子的增加,导致大分子产生了松弛极化[21]。综上,接枝率越高,介电常数和介质损耗因数越大,因为高接枝率表明改性PP具有极性的4-甲基苯乙烯侧链越多,导致发生取向极化和空间电荷极化,从而对介电性能产生了影响。虽然改性后的PP介电常数和介质损耗因数均有所升高,但升高幅度不大,因此对PP进行接枝改性并没有明显劣化其介电性能,仍满足电容器的介电性能要求。
纯PP和不同接枝率改性PP材料的电气强度Weibull分布如图14所示。从图14可以看出,随着接枝率的增大,改性PP的电气强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其中纯PP的电气强度最小,为257.4 kV/mm,接枝率为0.88%时改性PP的电气强度达到最大值400.8 kV/mm;当接枝率超过0.88%后,改性PP的电气强度开始减小,接枝率为0.97%时改性PP的电气强度为360.2 kV/mm。出现这一趋势是由于当具有共轭大π键的4-甲基苯乙烯单体接枝到PP分子链上后,体系内会存在非定域π电子,使其具有更低的电离电位和更高的电子亲和力,可以捕获高能电子并且消耗高能电子的能量,阻止高能电子与分子链碰撞导致分子链断裂,因此改性PP的电气强度得到了提升。但当接枝率超过0.88%时,可能是由于接枝过多的4-甲基苯乙烯单体,导致改性PP内部深陷阱过多,深陷阱之间产生了“隧道”,导致空间电荷聚集,使得电荷输运路径发生变化或局部电场畸变,最终导致电气强度减小[22]。接枝率为0.88%的改性PP具有最佳的电气强度,最有望成为电容器的候选薄膜材料。
通过热激去极化电流法(TSDC)研究纯PP和接枝率为0.88%的改性PP的陷阱能级分布,结果如图15所示。
图15可以看出,纯PP和改性PP的陷阱能级分布都在0.6~1.1 eV,但改性PP的陷阱能级密度曲线始终位于纯PP的上方,表明接枝率为0.88%的改性PP具有更高的陷阱密度,这是由于改性PP材料内部含有更深的陷阱。接枝率为0.88%的改性PP材料陷阱密度的最大值为9.52×1019 m-3·eV-1,相较于纯PP材料陷阱密度的最大值(1.97×1019 m-3·eV-1)提升了约3.8倍。这是由于当适量的4-甲基苯乙烯单体接枝到PP上后,分子链重新排列,并且再次结晶形成结晶区和无定形区,分子链在晶态和非晶态之间运动,导致边界上的陷阱数量增加[23]。接枝率为0.88%的改性PP深陷阱较多,说明4-甲基苯乙烯单体的接枝在PP材料内部引入了深陷阱。
(1)本文成功制备了不同接枝率的改性PP,并确定了最佳工艺溶胀时间为120 min,最佳反应时间为150 min;单体4-甲基苯乙烯的引入可以提升改性PP的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和电气强度。
(2)当接枝率为0.97%时,改性PP的结晶度为39.5%,比纯PP(53.2%)降低了25.8%;随着接枝率的不断增大,改性PP的介电性能稍微降低,但仍满足电容器的介电性能要求;
(3)接枝率为0.88%的改性PP电气强度达到400.8 kV/mm且具有更高的陷阱密度(9.52×1019 m-3·eV-1),相较于纯PP材料陷阱密度的最大值(1.97×1019 m-3·eV-1)提升了约3.8倍。接枝率为0.88%的改性PP具有最佳的综合性能,有望成为电容器薄膜的候选材料。

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2026年第59卷第3期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2026.03.015
  • 接收时间:2025-02-27
  • 首发时间:2026-09-10
  • 出版时间:2026-03-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-27
  • 修回日期:2025-04-23
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    1中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司电力科研院,广东 广州 510700
    2广西大学 电气工程学院,广西 南宁 530004
    3桂林电力电容有限责任公司,广西 桂林 541004

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张镱议(1986-),男(汉族),广西崇左人,教授,主要从事绝缘技术、绝缘故障诊断与评估技术的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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