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Article(id=1190369198820921524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1190365079976640655, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.07.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1740412800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-25, revisedDate=1744646400000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761735732989, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1752940800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761735732989, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761735732989, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761735732989, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190365079976640655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2025', volume='58', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='150', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761734750980, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761735924323, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190370001430348320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1190365079976640655, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190370001430348321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1190365079976640655, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=143, endPage=150, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190369199076774071, articleId=1190369198820921524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Study on temperature rise characteristics of air and C4F7N/CO2 mixed gas based on 126 kV common tank GIL, columnId=1190369198472794288, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Insulation Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=

The temperature rise characteristics of gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL) determine their current-carrying capacity. To investigate the temperature rise characteristics of two typical environmental friendly insulating gases — perfluoroisobutyronitrile (C4F7N) mixed gas and dry air, the temperature rise process of a 126 kV three-phase common-tank GIL was simulated, and based on the simulation results, a temperature rise test platform was established. Then the temperature rise tests were carried out under conditions such as different gas dielectrics and current magnitudes. The results show that under the identical current conditions, the temperature rises of both C4F7N/CO₂ mixed gas and dry air under typical application parameters are similar, yet both exceed that of SF₆ gas. When the current loading is 3 150 A, both C4F7N/CO2 mixed gas-filled and dry air-filled equipment can meet the requirement of temperature rise not exceeding 75 K, but when the current loading is 3 465 A, neither filling with C4F7N/CO2 mixed gas nor filling with dry air can satisfy this requirement. It is also found that when the three gases were filled respectively, the temperature rise of phase B is higher than that of phase A and phase C, aligning with simulation results and thermal convection processes, indicating that the maximum temperature rise of phase B conductors requires special consideration in the temperature rise design of 126 kV three-phase common-tank GIL.

, articleAbstract=

The temperature rise characteristics of gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL) determine their current-carrying capacity. To investigate the temperature rise characteristics of two typical environmental friendly insulating gases — perfluoroisobutyronitrile (C4F7N) mixed gas and dry air, the temperature rise process of a 126 kV three-phase common-tank GIL was simulated, and based on the simulation results, a temperature rise test platform was established. Then the temperature rise tests were carried out under conditions such as different gas dielectrics and current magnitudes. The results show that under the identical current conditions, the temperature rises of both C4F7N/CO₂ mixed gas and dry air under typical application parameters are similar, yet both exceed that of SF₆ gas. When the current loading is 3 150 A, both C4F7N/CO2 mixed gas-filled and dry air-filled equipment can meet the requirement of temperature rise not exceeding 75 K, but when the current loading is 3 465 A, neither filling with C4F7N/CO2 mixed gas nor filling with dry air can satisfy this requirement. It is also found that when the three gases were filled respectively, the temperature rise of phase B is higher than that of phase A and phase C, aligning with simulation results and thermal convection processes, indicating that the maximum temperature rise of phase B conductors requires special consideration in the temperature rise design of 126 kV three-phase common-tank GIL.

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气体绝缘输电线路（GIL）的温升特性决定了其通流容量，为掌握全氟异丁腈（C4F7N）混合气体和干燥空气这两类典型环保绝缘气体的温升特性，对126 kV三相共箱型气体绝缘输电线路的温升过程进行仿真，根据仿真结果建立温升试验平台，开展了不同气体介质、不同通流等条件下的温升试验。结果表明：在相同通流条件下，C4F7N/CO2混合气体与干燥空气在典型应用参数下的温升接近，但均高于SF6气体的温升；当通流为3 150 A时，充入C4F7N/CO2混合气体与干燥空气均可满足设备温升不超过75 K的要求，但当通流为3 465 A时，充入C4F7N/CO2混合气体与干燥空气均无法满足设备温升要求；同时还发现，分别充入3种气体时B相温升均高于A、C相，符合仿真结果和热对流过程，说明在126 kV三相共箱型GIL的温升设计中需要重点考虑B相导体的最高温升。

, articleAbstract=

气体绝缘输电线路（GIL）的温升特性决定了其通流容量，为掌握全氟异丁腈（C4F7N）混合气体和干燥空气这两类典型环保绝缘气体的温升特性，对126 kV三相共箱型气体绝缘输电线路的温升过程进行仿真，根据仿真结果建立温升试验平台，开展了不同气体介质、不同通流等条件下的温升试验。结果表明：在相同通流条件下，C4F7N/CO2混合气体与干燥空气在典型应用参数下的温升接近，但均高于SF6气体的温升；当通流为3 150 A时，充入C4F7N/CO2混合气体与干燥空气均可满足设备温升不超过75 K的要求，但当通流为3 465 A时，充入C4F7N/CO2混合气体与干燥空气均无法满足设备温升要求；同时还发现，分别充入3种气体时B相温升均高于A、C相，符合仿真结果和热对流过程，说明在126 kV三相共箱型GIL的温升设计中需要重点考虑B相导体的最高温升。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
孙文星（1987-），男（汉族），贵州贵阳人，高级工程师，博士，主要从事电力设备高压试验诊断技术及装备研发、变电智能运维技术的研究工作。
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李端姣（1963-），女（汉族），湖南长沙人，教授级高级工程师，主要从事电力设备高压试验诊断技术及装备研发、变电智能运维技术的研究工作；

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李端姣（1963-），女（汉族），湖南长沙人，教授级高级工程师，主要从事电力设备高压试验诊断技术及装备研发、变电智能运维技术的研究工作；

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李端姣（1963-），女（汉族），湖南长沙人，教授级高级工程师，主要从事电力设备高压试验诊断技术及装备研发、变电智能运维技术的研究工作；

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High Voltage Apparatus,2021,57(1):48-54., articleTitle=Multiphysics-field coupling analysis of GIS bus bar temperature rise based on mixed insulating gas, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190979623744848887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1190369198820921524, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=57, issue=4, pageStart=69, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=32, authorNames=王珂珂, 李丽, 王久阳, journalName=高压电器, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王珂珂,李丽,王久阳,等.基于混合绝缘气体的三相GIS母线温升多物理场耦合机制研究[J].高压电器,2021,57(4):69-75., articleTitle=基于混合绝缘气体的三相GIS母线温升多物理场耦合机制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190979623832929272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1190369198820921524, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=57, issue=4, pageStart=69, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=33, authorNames=WANG Keke, LI Li, WANG Jiuyang, journalName=High Voltage Apparatus, refType=null, unstructuredReference= WANG Keke, LI Li, WANG Jiuyang, et al. Study on multi-phy-sical field coupling mechanism of three-phase GIS bus temperature rise based on mixed insulating gas[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2021,57(4):69-75., articleTitle=Study on multi-phy-sical field coupling mechanism of three-phase GIS bus temperature rise based on mixed insulating gas, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190979615867945884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1190369198820921524, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190979615876334493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1190369198820921524, companyId=1190979615867945884, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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测点序号 测点位置 温升允许值/K
位置 相序
1 铜排1 m处 A、B、C —
2 套管端子 A、B、C —
3 套管长导电杆 A、B、C 75
4 套管弹簧触指 A、B、C 75
5 套管触座嵌件对接面 A、B、C 75
6 母线触座嵌件对接面1 A、B、C 75
7 母线弹簧触指1 A、B、C 75
8 母线导电杆 A、B、C 75
9 母线弹簧触指2 A、B、C 75
10 母线触座嵌件对接面2 A、B、C 75
11 汇流排 — —
12 母线筒体顶部气体 — —
13 母线筒体顶部外表面 — 40
14 套管壳体顶部气体 — —
15 套管壳体顶部外表面 — 40
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温度传感器布置位置

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测点序号 测点位置 温升允许值/K
位置 相序
1 铜排1 m处 A、B、C —
2 套管端子 A、B、C —
3 套管长导电杆 A、B、C 75
4 套管弹簧触指 A、B、C 75
5 套管触座嵌件对接面 A、B、C 75
6 母线触座嵌件对接面1 A、B、C 75
7 母线弹簧触指1 A、B、C 75
8 母线导电杆 A、B、C 75
9 母线弹簧触指2 A、B、C 75
10 母线触座嵌件对接面2 A、B、C 75
11 汇流排 — —
12 母线筒体顶部气体 — —
13 母线筒体顶部外表面 — 40
14 套管壳体顶部气体 — —
15 套管壳体顶部外表面 — 40
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气体类型 热导率/(W/(m·K)) 黏度系数(kg/(m·s))
SF6气体 0.024 57 1.406×10-5
干燥空气 0.020 87 1.97×10-5
C4F7N/CO2混合气体 0.017 15 1.22×10-5
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关键物性参数对比

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气体类型 热导率/(W/(m·K)) 黏度系数(kg/(m·s))
SF6气体 0.024 57 1.406×10-5
干燥空气 0.020 87 1.97×10-5
C4F7N/CO2混合气体 0.017 15 1.22×10-5
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基于126 kV共箱型GIL的空气和C4F7N/CO2混合气体温升特性研究
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李端姣 1 , 孙文星 1 , 陈宇慧 2 , 胡晓光 3
绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2025,58(7): 143-150
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绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2025, 58(7): 143-150
基于126 kV共箱型GIL的空气和C4F7N/CO2混合气体温升特性研究
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李端姣1, 孙文星1, 陈宇慧2, 胡晓光3
作者信息
  • 1.广东电网有限责任公司，广东 广州 510000
  • 2.广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局，广东 广州 510630
  • 3.平高集团有限公司，河南 平顶山 467001

    • 李端姣（1963-），女（汉族），湖南长沙人，教授级高级工程师，主要从事电力设备高压试验诊断技术及装备研发、变电智能运维技术的研究工作；

通讯作者:

孙文星（1987-），男（汉族），贵州贵阳人，高级工程师，博士，主要从事电力设备高压试验诊断技术及装备研发、变电智能运维技术的研究工作。
Study on temperature rise characteristics of air and C4F7N/CO2 mixed gas based on 126 kV common tank GIL
Duanjiao LI1, Wenxing SUN1, Yuhui CHEN2, Xiaoguang HU3
Affiliations
  • 1. Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China
  • 2. Guangzhou Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China
  • 3. Pinggao Group Co., Ltd., Pingdingshan 467001, China
出版时间: 2025-07-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.07.017
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摘要
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气体绝缘输电线路（GIL）的温升特性决定了其通流容量，为掌握全氟异丁腈（C4F7N）混合气体和干燥空气这两类典型环保绝缘气体的温升特性，对126 kV三相共箱型气体绝缘输电线路的温升过程进行仿真，根据仿真结果建立温升试验平台，开展了不同气体介质、不同通流等条件下的温升试验。结果表明：在相同通流条件下，C4F7N/CO2混合气体与干燥空气在典型应用参数下的温升接近，但均高于SF6气体的温升；当通流为3 150 A时，充入C4F7N/CO2混合气体与干燥空气均可满足设备温升不超过75 K的要求，但当通流为3 465 A时，充入C4F7N/CO2混合气体与干燥空气均无法满足设备温升要求；同时还发现，分别充入3种气体时B相温升均高于A、C相，符合仿真结果和热对流过程，说明在126 kV三相共箱型GIL的温升设计中需要重点考虑B相导体的最高温升。

环保型气体绝缘输电线路  /  环保绝缘气体  /  温升特性  /  C4F7N/CO2混合气体  /  干燥空气

The temperature rise characteristics of gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL) determine their current-carrying capacity. To investigate the temperature rise characteristics of two typical environmental friendly insulating gases — perfluoroisobutyronitrile (C4F7N) mixed gas and dry air, the temperature rise process of a 126 kV three-phase common-tank GIL was simulated, and based on the simulation results, a temperature rise test platform was established. Then the temperature rise tests were carried out under conditions such as different gas dielectrics and current magnitudes. The results show that under the identical current conditions, the temperature rises of both C4F7N/CO₂ mixed gas and dry air under typical application parameters are similar, yet both exceed that of SF₆ gas. When the current loading is 3 150 A, both C4F7N/CO2 mixed gas-filled and dry air-filled equipment can meet the requirement of temperature rise not exceeding 75 K, but when the current loading is 3 465 A, neither filling with C4F7N/CO2 mixed gas nor filling with dry air can satisfy this requirement. It is also found that when the three gases were filled respectively, the temperature rise of phase B is higher than that of phase A and phase C, aligning with simulation results and thermal convection processes, indicating that the maximum temperature rise of phase B conductors requires special consideration in the temperature rise design of 126 kV three-phase common-tank GIL.

eco-friendly gas insulated transmission line (GIL)  /  environmental friendly insulating gas  /  temperature rise characteristics  /  C4F7N/CO2 mixed gas  /  dry air
李端姣, 孙文星, 陈宇慧, 胡晓光. 基于126 kV共箱型GIL的空气和C4F7N/CO2混合气体温升特性研究. 绝缘材料, 2025 , 58 (7) : 143 -150 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.07.017
Duanjiao LI, Wenxing SUN, Yuhui CHEN, Xiaoguang HU. Study on temperature rise characteristics of air and C4F7N/CO2 mixed gas based on 126 kV common tank GIL[J]. Insulating Materials, 2025 , 58 (7) : 143 -150 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.07.017
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0 引言
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随着我国能源电力领域绿色低碳转型的需求日益迫切，研究环保型电力设备成为电力行业的热点[1-2]。其中，研发SF6气体绝缘电气设备的环保化替代技术备受关注[3]。环保型气体绝缘输电线路（GIL）的通流容量主要由其温升决定，气体种类的不同将导致设备温升特性存在差异[4]。目前已投入实际应用的SF6替代绝缘气体主要包括全氟异丁腈（C4F7N）混合气体和干燥空气（Air）两类[5-7]，因此有必要研究上述两类气体在实际GIL中的温升特性，为设备优化设计提供关键依据。
国内外近年来已有较多针对环保气体绝缘电气设备温升特性的研究。Y KIEFFEL等[8]在145 kV三相共箱GIS罐体内充入C4F7N/CO2混合气体进行温升试验，发现在通流为3 150 A时，充入C4F7N/CO2混合气体比充入SF6气体的温升高5～6 K。崔兆轩等[9]建立了C4F7N/CO2混合气体特高压母线通流温升计算模型，发现虽然增大充气压力和C4F7N的占比可降低母线温升，但依然达不到与SF6相同水平，他们同时提出影响母线温升的主要因素为导体外径，在导体外径与壳体内径间绝缘距离不变的条件下，增大导体外径可提升通流能力。胡德雄等[10]建立了126 kV三相共箱GIL的温升计算模型，研究了充入C4H2F6环保混合气体时的温升特性，发现A、B、C三相导体的温升具有较好的对称性。史荣斌等[11]通过试验和计算研究了特高压C4F7N/CO2混合气体GIL的温度分布，发现相同通流条件下C4F7N/CO2气体与SF6气体中温度分布差异的主要原因是SF6气体的对流性能优于C4F7N/CO2混合气体。兰剑等[12]研究了干燥空气、N2和SF6气体绝缘环网柜的温升性能，发现干燥空气和N2的温升要明显高于SF6，差值较大的部位主要集中在固体绝缘包覆元件的固定联结处[12-13]。现有研究为比较典型环保气体的温升特性提供了参考，但目前尚未见C4F7N/CO2混合气体和干燥空气在126 kV三相共箱GIL中的温升特性报道。
因此，本文基于126 kV三相共箱GIL样机，向GIL样机内部分别充入C4F7N/CO2和干燥空气混合气体，开展温升特性仿真分析，结合仿真结果在GIL样机上进行温升试验，获得两种典型环保绝缘气体以及SF6气体中真型样机的温升特性，为环保型GIL优化设计提供参考依据。
1 试验样机与计算模型
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1.1 试验样机
试验采用的126 kV三相共箱GIL样机如图1所示。升流器通过两根过渡铜排（规格为160 mm×10 mm）与三相套管接线端子分别相连，左侧三相导体通过铜排短接，从而形成三相闭合回路。通过布置多个温度传感器测试大电流运行时各测点的温升，温度传感器布置位置如表1所示。其中1～10号测点区分三相，每相布置一个传感器；11～15号测点不区分三相，试验共布置35个温度传感器，表中给出了标准规定的温升判据，即导体表面温升不超过75 K，壳体表面温升不超过40 K。温升试验在室内进行，环境温度为35℃。温升试验样机气室设置、试验回路布置、试验电流、温升持续时间、传感器布置及数量、周围环境均满足DL/T 593—2016和GB/T 11022—2022要求。
126 kV GIL的额定电流（Ir）为3 150 A，参考DL/T 593—2016要求，在进行温升试验时分别采用额定电流3 150 A和1.1Ir即3 465 A进行考核，获取不同通流下GIL不同位置的温升。
具体试验流程如下：①连接试验回路，布置温度传感器，样机内部抽真空，充入绝对压力为0.43 MPa的SF6气体；②通过升流器输出大电流，待温度稳定后记录各测点的温度；③完成SF6气体温升试验后，将SF6气体回收并对试验样机抽真空，再充入绝对压力为0.8 MPa的干燥空气；④通过升流器输出大电流，待温度稳定后记录各测点的温度；完成试验后再改变通流值，待温度稳定后记录各测点的温度。⑤完成干燥空气温升试验后，将干燥空气泄压并对试验样机抽真空，再充入绝对压力为0.6 MPa的6%C4F7N/94%CO2混合气体。⑥重复步骤④，试验完成后将混合气体泄压并对试验样机抽真空，再充入空气至微正压。
1.2 温升计算模型
基于126 kV SF6三相共箱GIL产品实际结构建立如图2所示的仿真几何模型，三相导体在壳体内呈等腰三角形分布，B相导体位于最上方，A相、C相导体位于下方，导体与壳体间充入绝缘气体，在壳体外围建立空气域。GIL导体与壳体所用材料均为铝合金，导体直径为75 mm，筒体内径为522 mm。
GIL的温升过程是指导体与壳体中的热量在导体、绝缘气体、壳体以及外界环境之间进行热量交换直到进入热平衡状态。在GIL的运行过程中，内部的热源来自于导体流过电流时自身的焦耳热损耗以及壳体内部感应电流产生的涡流损耗。根据欧姆定律，导体内部焦耳损耗可以表示为式（1）。
Q 1 = ∫ ρ J 2 d v
式（1）中：Q1为因导体热损耗产生的发热功率；J为流过导体的电流密度；ρ为导体的电阻率；v为导体的体积。
导体采用铝合金材料，其电阻率会随温度升高而增大。同时，当导体内部流过交流电流时，导体内部产生集肤效应使其有效通流面积相比于流过同样参数的直流电流时小。当同时考虑电阻温度系数与集肤效应时，导体的电阻率（ρ）可以表示为式（2）。
ρ = α T - 20 + k c ρ 0
式（2）中：ρ0为20℃时导体的电阻率；kc为导体材料的集肤效应系数；$\alpha$为电阻温度系数；T为导体的实际温度。
感应电流在壳体中会产生很高的涡流损耗（Q2），可以表示为式（3）。
Q 2 = I s 2 R s k s
式（3）中：Is为壳体涡流有效值；Rs为壳体电阻；ks为壳体材料的集肤效应系数。
GIL内部的各部分热容（Cx）可以表示为式（4）。
C x = c p x m
式（4）中：cpx为不同部分对应材料的比热容；m为各部分的质量。
在GIL的温升过程中，不同部分之间的热阻可以表示为对流热阻和辐射热阻。计算对流换热热阻时，常用牛顿冷却公式，如式（5）所示。
q = A h Δ T
式（5）中：q为对流换热量；A为对流换热面积；h为对流换热系数；ΔT为固体与气体表面间的温度差。
从式（5）可以看出，为了获得对流换热量，最关键的参数为对流换热系数，对流换热系数受气体热导率、黏度、密度、热容、流速和换热表面形状、面积、分布等多种因素影响。考虑多种因素的影响，对流换热的热阻（Rc）最终可以表示为式（6）。
R c = l A c λ ( g β ρ F c p Δ T l 3 λ μ ) n
式（6）中：l为换热表面的特征长度；c和n为通过测试获得的常数；λ为绝缘气体热导率；g为重力加速度；β为气体膨胀系数；ρF为流体密度；cp为定压比热容；μ为动力黏度。
计算热辐射热阻时常用斯忒藩-波尔兹曼定律的修正式，如式（7）所示。
Φ = ε A σ T 1 4 - T 2 4
式（7）中：Φ为热辐射的传热功率；ε为导体的发射率；σ为斯忒藩-波尔兹曼常数；T1为导体表面热力学温度；T2为壳体表面热力学温度。
则热辐射的热阻（Rr）可以表示为式（8）。
R r = T 1 - T 2 ε A σ T 1 4 - T 2 4
2 温升特性仿真结果分析
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GIL计算模型建立完成后，通过有限元方法对其温升过程进行仿真，探究GIL内部填充不同类型的绝缘气体对温升的影响。绝缘气体的气体参数对GIL的温升特性具有较大影响，配置气体参数时常以绝缘强度作为参考[14]。选取绝对压力为0.43 MPa的SF6气体、绝对压力为0.8 MPa的干燥空气以及绝对压力为0.6 MPa的6%C4F7N/94%CO2混合气体作为温升对比试验的气体配置方案，3种方案具有相当的绝缘强度，也是目前国内外126 kV SF6 GIL和环保GIL产品中最常用的气体配置方案[15]。设置环境温度为35℃即308 K，GIL的额定电流（Ir）为3 150 A。根据温升试验相关经验，在GIL中持续通流6 h左右可使得温度达到相对稳定的值，因此温升仿真计算中的温升时间设定为6 h。
根据DL/T 593—2016中的温升试验要求，同时进行额定电流3 150 A和1.1Ir即3 465 A情况下的GIL温升仿真计算。
3 465 A通流情况下GIL温升仿真结果如图3所示。从图3可以看出，SF6气体中的最大温升约为77 K，干燥空气中的最大温升约为85 K，C4F7N/CO2混合气体中的温升约为86 K。
3 150 A通流情况下GIL温升仿结果如图4所示。从图4可以看出，SF6气体中的最大温升约为70 K，干燥空气中的最大温升约为74 K，C4F7N/CO2混合气体中的最大温升约为75 K。
从图3～4可以看出，GIL内部气体在热浮力的作用下，对流效果显著，导体正上方的气体温度较高，GIL内部左右两侧气体温度基本对称，说明B相导体的温度最高，A相和C相导体温度基本相同且温度较低，GIL内部温度分布具有轴对称性。在管道内部气体的自然对流作用下，导体、壳体以及内部绝缘气体温度分布均呈现分层现象，总体趋势均为上半部分温度高，下半部分温度低。
3 温升试验结果对比分析
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3.1 试验结果
在3 465 A通流下，充入不同绝缘气体的126 kV GIL样机温升结果如图5所示，图中温升为40 K处虚线表示设备外壳温升限制值，75 K处虚线表示导体表面温升限制值[16]，涉及的具体位置参考表1。从图5可以看出，B相导体温升显著高于其他两相；铜排（测点1）、套管端子（测点2）、汇流排（测点11）、壳体表面（测点13、15）温升较低，主要原因是其与环境空气直接接触，对流散热效果更好；设备内部接近外壳顶部表面的气体处（测点12和14）温升相对较低，原因是离外壳更近，在热传导作用下热量更容易消散。弹簧触指（测点9）、母线触座嵌件对接面（测点10）等涉及电接触面的位置，其温升最高，在试验中需要重点考核。
从图5还可以看出，在SF6气体中B相导体最大温升逼近75 K限制值，但仍满足标准要求；在干燥空气和C4F7N/CO2混合气体中B相导体最大温升均高于75 K温升限制值，但外壳温升均低于40 K限制值。
通流降低至额定电流3 150 A时，干燥空气、C4F7N/CO2混合气体条件下的温升结果如图6所示。从图6可以看出，在额定电流下干燥空气和C4F7N/CO2混合气体均可使设备样机温升低于75 K限制值，但均已逼近标准。B相导体温升最大值所在测点与SF6气体中的基本一致。
在3 465 A通流下，各相导体在3种气体氛围中的温升值如图7所示。从图7可以看出，B相导体温度显著高于A相和C相，且A、C两相导体温度基本相同，与仿真结果一致。在热对流作用下，导体表面附近温度更高的气体将向上运动[17-18]，位于上方的B相导体表面温度更高；而A、C相所处位置具有对称性，热对流效应对这两相的影响相同[19]，因此A、C两相导体温度基本一致。
从图7还可以看出，干燥空气和C4F7N/CO2混合气体的温升均高于SF6气体，但两者相差并不大。干燥空气与SF6相比，温升差为4.4～8.6 K；C4F7N混合气体与SF6相比，温升差为5.7～9.8 K。温升差的最大值均出现在B相母线触座嵌件对接面处。
3.2 不同气体中的温升差异分析
通过分析GIL外壳温升与导体温升的差异，可以为基于外壳测温的GIL内部温度估计提供参考。文献[10]提出了采用外壳与导体温升比例进行定量描述，称为壳导温升比例系数，但该方法未能解释不同气体的导热性能。为了分析不同气体中的温升特性差异，可以采用热导率、黏度系数等进行分析，3种气体的关键物性参数如表2所示。温升差异还受气体流动状态影响：自然对流时，低密度气体（如CO2）更易形成有效热循环；强制循环下，高密度气体（如C4F7N、SF₆等）的泵送损耗更大。
从表2可以看出，C4F7N/CO2混合气体的热导率最低，说明其散热性能最差，干燥空气的热导率略高于C4F7N/CO2混合气体，但低于SF6气体，说明干燥空气的散热性能介于C4F7N/CO2混合气体与SF6气体之间，这与试验结果相符。由此可知，在选取环保绝缘气体时，如果需要考虑气体散热性能，可以从其热导率与黏度系数着手进行考虑。
值得注意的是，本文未考虑混合气体配比变化时的情况，其原因是C4F7N/CO2混合气体的配比和气压主要由绝缘强度和液化温度两方面要求决定，如本文采用的0.6 MPa 6%C4F7N/94%CO2混合气体，就是要求绝缘强度与现有设备使用的0.43 MPa SF6气体相当，液化温度不高于-25℃条件下得到的优化结果，因此如果改变配比而保证气压不变，其绝缘强度和液化温度也会发生变化，比如增加配比，其绝缘强度提高，但液化温度也会升高，如果要求液化温度不变，就需要降低气压，但此时绝缘强度也会随之降低。综合来看，满足液化温度要求时，高气压低比例的C4F7N/CO2混合气体绝缘强度高于低气压高比例的C4F7N/CO2混合气体，但气体成本也更高，主要是缓冲气体的成本增加，以及气压增大导致的设备泄漏概率增加。
4 结论
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（1）126 kV三相共箱GIL的温升最大值出现在B相，A、C两相温升特性基本一致且低于B相，其原因是设备内部气体热对流导致筒体顶部温度高于底部；最热点温度出现在B相母线弹簧触指及触座嵌件对接面，在设备优化设计时需要重点考虑上述关键部件。
（2）在126 kV三相共箱真型GIL样机中，干燥空气和C4F7N/CO2混合气体均能满足通流3 150 A额定通流条件下的温升要求，但均无法满足3 465 A通流下的温升要求，其温升性能不如SF6气体；干燥空气和C4F7N/CO2混合气体的温升特性接近。
（3）环保绝缘气体设备温升差异与气体热导率、黏度系数等关键参数之间存在对应关系，采用不同气体的试验验证了这一结果的可靠性，为今后快速评估环保气体的散热性能提供了参照依据。
文献
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2025年第58卷第7期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.07.017
  • 接收时间：2025-02-25
  • 首发时间：2025-10-29
  • 出版时间：2025-07-20
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  • 收稿日期：2025-02-25
  • 修回日期：2025-04-15
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    1.广东电网有限责任公司，广东 广州 510000
    2.广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局，广东 广州 510630
    3.平高集团有限公司，河南 平顶山 467001

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孙文星（1987-），男（汉族），贵州贵阳人，高级工程师，博士，主要从事电力设备高压试验诊断技术及装备研发、变电智能运维技术的研究工作。
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