Article(id=1192878363770499315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1192878363166523716, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.01.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1709481600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-04, revisedDate=1713974400000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762333964531, onlineDateStr=2025-11-05, pubDate=1737302400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762333964531, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762333964531, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762333964531, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1192878363166523716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2025', volume='58', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762333964387, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762334342663, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1192879949821395698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1192878363166523716, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1192879949821395699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1192878363166523716, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=49, endPage=55, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1192878363955048693, articleId=1192878363770499315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Effect of extrusion temperature on organization and properties of cable core with double-layer insulation structure, columnId=1190369198472794288, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Insulation Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A 0.6/1 kV cable core with double-layer insulation structure was prepared through the double-layer co-extrusion process, and the effect of extrusion temperatures on its surface quality, eccentricity, microstructure, and mechanical properties was investigated. The prepared cable core with double-layer insulation structure was conducted multiple properties tests and heat-resistance life evaluation. The results show that when the extrusion temperature increases from temperature I to temperature II, the prepared double-layer insulation core has flat surface, good brightness, and lower eccentricity between the inner and outer insulation layers (≤15%), and the elongation at break of the insulation core increases from 109% to 221%. When the extrusion temperature increases from temperature II to temperature III, the surface quality of insulation core is deteriorated with distortion and shrinkage on it. Meanwhile, many different sizes of pores can be observed in the longitudinal section, and the tensile strength and elongation at break decrease to 10.7 MPa and 140%, respectively. Compared with the values of JG/T 442—2014 standard, the insulation resistance constant at 20℃, tensile strength and elongation at break before and after ageing, and thermal extensibility of insulation core after electron irradiation cross-linking are significantly improved, indicating that the mechanical properties, ageing properties, and thermal elongation properties of the insulation core with double-layer structure are relatively excellent. Furthermore, after ageing at 165℃/168 h, the elongation at break of insulation core with double-layer strucure has 98% of retention rate, indicating that the insulation core with double-layer structure possesses the outstanding heat-resistance life.

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通过双层共挤工艺制备0.6/1 kV双层绝缘结构电缆线芯,研究不同挤出温度对双层绝缘结构线芯表面质量、偏心度、微观结构和力学性能的影响规律,并对制备的双层绝缘结构线芯进行多项性能测试和耐热寿命评定。结果表明:随着挤出温度从温度I升高至温度II时,制备的双层绝缘结构线芯表面平整,光亮度较好且内外绝缘层偏心度较小(≤15%),此时双层绝缘结构线芯断裂伸长率从109%增加至221%。当挤出温度从温度II升高至温度III时,制备出的双层绝缘结构线芯表面质量恶化,绝缘线芯形状出现扭曲和收缩,且纵截面可观察到许多大小不一的气孔,此时双层绝缘结构线芯抗张强度和断裂伸长率分别下降至10.7 MPa和140%。通过挤出温度II制备的双层绝缘结构线芯经电子辐照交联后,其20℃绝缘电阻常数、老化前后抗张强度和断裂伸长率、热延伸性能显著优于JG/T 442—2014标准中规定值,表明该双层绝缘结构线芯绝缘性能、力学性能、老化性能和热延伸性能较为优异。此外,双层绝缘结构线芯经165℃/168 h老化后,其断裂伸长率保留率达到98%,表明该双层结构的绝缘线芯具有较好的耐热寿命。

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王阳(1992-),男(汉族),安徽安庆人,工程师,博士,研究方向为电线电缆加工制造。

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王阳(1992-),男(汉族),安徽安庆人,工程师,博士,研究方向为电线电缆加工制造。

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王阳(1992-),男(汉族),安徽安庆人,工程师,博士,研究方向为电线电缆加工制造。

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温度I/oC 温度II/oC 温度III/oC
内绝缘 140-150-155-165-170-170 160-170-175-185-190-190 180-190-195-205-210-210
外绝缘 100-110-120-130-140-140-140 120-130-140-150-160-160-160 140-150-160-170-180-180-180
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内外绝缘层挤出温度

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温度I/oC 温度II/oC 温度III/oC
内绝缘 140-150-155-165-170-170 160-170-175-185-190-190 180-190-195-205-210-210
外绝缘 100-110-120-130-140-140-140 120-130-140-150-160-160-160 140-150-160-170-180-180-180
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温度参数 内绝缘层偏心度/% 外绝缘层偏心度/% 最薄点总厚度/mm
温度Ⅰ 42 37 0.940
温度Ⅱ 15 12 0.850
温度Ⅲ 29 41 1.417
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不同挤出温度制备的双层绝缘结构线芯偏心度和最薄点总厚度值

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温度参数 内绝缘层偏心度/% 外绝缘层偏心度/% 最薄点总厚度/mm
温度Ⅰ 42 37 0.940
温度Ⅱ 15 12 0.850
温度Ⅲ 29 41 1.417
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项 目 标准值 实测值
20℃绝缘电阻常数 ≥3 670 MΩ·km 5 462 MΩ·km
老化前绝缘层力学性能 抗张强度≥9 MPa,断裂伸长率≥150% 抗张强度为12.5 MPa,断裂伸长率为235%
老化后(135℃/168 h)绝缘层力学性能 抗张强度和断裂伸长率变化率均小于30% 抗张强度变化率为2%,断裂伸长率变化率为4%
绝缘层热延伸性能(200℃、15 min、20 N/cm2) 最大伸长率≤175% 最大伸长率为25%
寿命评定试验(165℃/168 h) 断裂伸长率保留率不低于原始值的50% 断裂伸长率保留率为98%
), ArticleFig(id=1193252724914483636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1192878363770499315, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

本研究制备的双层绝缘结构线芯性能检测结果

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项 目 标准值 实测值
20℃绝缘电阻常数 ≥3 670 MΩ·km 5 462 MΩ·km
老化前绝缘层力学性能 抗张强度≥9 MPa,断裂伸长率≥150% 抗张强度为12.5 MPa,断裂伸长率为235%
老化后(135℃/168 h)绝缘层力学性能 抗张强度和断裂伸长率变化率均小于30% 抗张强度变化率为2%,断裂伸长率变化率为4%
绝缘层热延伸性能(200℃、15 min、20 N/cm2) 最大伸长率≤175% 最大伸长率为25%
寿命评定试验(165℃/168 h) 断裂伸长率保留率不低于原始值的50% 断裂伸长率保留率为98%
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挤出温度对双层绝缘结构电缆线芯组织和性能的影响
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王阳 , 秦轩杰 , 宋言
绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2025,58(1): 49-55
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绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2025, 58(1): 49-55
挤出温度对双层绝缘结构电缆线芯组织和性能的影响
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王阳, 秦轩杰, 宋言
作者信息
  • 江西铜业技术研究院有限公司,江西 南昌 330096
  • 王阳(1992-),男(汉族),安徽安庆人,工程师,博士,研究方向为电线电缆加工制造。

Effect of extrusion temperature on organization and properties of cable core with double-layer insulation structure
Yang WANG, Xuanjie QIN, Yan SONG
Affiliations
  • Jiangxi Copper Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
出版时间: 2025-01-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.01.006
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通过双层共挤工艺制备0.6/1 kV双层绝缘结构电缆线芯,研究不同挤出温度对双层绝缘结构线芯表面质量、偏心度、微观结构和力学性能的影响规律,并对制备的双层绝缘结构线芯进行多项性能测试和耐热寿命评定。结果表明:随着挤出温度从温度I升高至温度II时,制备的双层绝缘结构线芯表面平整,光亮度较好且内外绝缘层偏心度较小(≤15%),此时双层绝缘结构线芯断裂伸长率从109%增加至221%。当挤出温度从温度II升高至温度III时,制备出的双层绝缘结构线芯表面质量恶化,绝缘线芯形状出现扭曲和收缩,且纵截面可观察到许多大小不一的气孔,此时双层绝缘结构线芯抗张强度和断裂伸长率分别下降至10.7 MPa和140%。通过挤出温度II制备的双层绝缘结构线芯经电子辐照交联后,其20℃绝缘电阻常数、老化前后抗张强度和断裂伸长率、热延伸性能显著优于JG/T 442—2014标准中规定值,表明该双层绝缘结构线芯绝缘性能、力学性能、老化性能和热延伸性能较为优异。此外,双层绝缘结构线芯经165℃/168 h老化后,其断裂伸长率保留率达到98%,表明该双层结构的绝缘线芯具有较好的耐热寿命。

绝缘结构  /  双层共挤  /  挤出温度  /  表面质量  /  拉伸性能

A 0.6/1 kV cable core with double-layer insulation structure was prepared through the double-layer co-extrusion process, and the effect of extrusion temperatures on its surface quality, eccentricity, microstructure, and mechanical properties was investigated. The prepared cable core with double-layer insulation structure was conducted multiple properties tests and heat-resistance life evaluation. The results show that when the extrusion temperature increases from temperature I to temperature II, the prepared double-layer insulation core has flat surface, good brightness, and lower eccentricity between the inner and outer insulation layers (≤15%), and the elongation at break of the insulation core increases from 109% to 221%. When the extrusion temperature increases from temperature II to temperature III, the surface quality of insulation core is deteriorated with distortion and shrinkage on it. Meanwhile, many different sizes of pores can be observed in the longitudinal section, and the tensile strength and elongation at break decrease to 10.7 MPa and 140%, respectively. Compared with the values of JG/T 442—2014 standard, the insulation resistance constant at 20℃, tensile strength and elongation at break before and after ageing, and thermal extensibility of insulation core after electron irradiation cross-linking are significantly improved, indicating that the mechanical properties, ageing properties, and thermal elongation properties of the insulation core with double-layer structure are relatively excellent. Furthermore, after ageing at 165℃/168 h, the elongation at break of insulation core with double-layer strucure has 98% of retention rate, indicating that the insulation core with double-layer structure possesses the outstanding heat-resistance life.

insulation structure  /  double-layer co-extrusion process  /  extrusion temperature  /  surface quality  /  tensile property
王阳, 秦轩杰, 宋言. 挤出温度对双层绝缘结构电缆线芯组织和性能的影响. 绝缘材料, 2025 , 58 (1) : 49 -55 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.01.006
Yang WANG, Xuanjie QIN, Yan SONG. Effect of extrusion temperature on organization and properties of cable core with double-layer insulation structure[J]. Insulating Materials, 2025 , 58 (1) : 49 -55 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.01.006
交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆被广泛应用于各种用电领域,如智慧电网、高端装备、绿色建筑、清洁能源和智慧交通等。然而随着当前环保、安全等要求的不断提高,除了要求电力电缆绝缘层具有较好的绝缘性能之外,还要求绝缘层具备多种优异性能,如长寿命、高阻燃性等[1-3]。普通交联聚乙烯电力电缆绝缘层的制备工艺是利用一台挤塑机将聚乙烯绝缘料均匀挤出包覆在铜导体上,随后牵引至水槽中冷却成型,从而形成具有一定厚度的绝缘层结构[4]。刘璐[5]在分析电线电缆的生产线总体结构、挤塑机装置以及挤塑原理的基础上,得到了影响电线电缆挤塑过程的3个主要工艺参数:挤出温度、螺杆转速和冷却工艺。张灵军等[6]探究了聚全氟乙丙烯绝缘耐高温特种电缆绝缘层挤塑工艺,结果表明挤出温度会显著影响熔体黏度,从而影响挤塑性能。肖尚浩等[7]分析了6类中压交联电缆绝缘线芯表面质量不佳的类型和产生原因,表明挤出温度不适宜会导致电缆线芯表面质量较差。因此挤塑温度会显著影响挤出产品的性能和表面质量。
然而,针对一些特殊场合,要求电缆同时具备优异的电气性能、力学性能和耐热老化性能,而单一的绝缘层很难满足多种优异性能要求,因此通过制备双层或多层绝缘结构以期满足多种优异性能要求,成为当前高性能电线电缆研发的一个方向。双层绝缘结构的制备工艺可分为先挤塑内绝缘层再挤塑外绝缘层(两次单层挤出)、内绝缘层和外绝缘层同时挤出(双层共挤,示意图如图1所示)。相较于多次单层挤出,双层共挤技术可简化工艺流程,大幅降低生产成本,因此双层共挤技术广泛应用于制备复合薄膜、型材及管材等[8-9]
目前双层共挤技术已在电线电缆领域得到应用[10],但仅是简单介绍应用情况,而针对多次单层挤出和双层共挤制备双层绝缘结构电缆线芯的对比研究,以及双层共挤对电缆线芯组织和性能的影响未见研究报道。因此,本文采用双层共挤工艺制备双层绝缘结构电缆线芯,探究不同挤出温度对双层绝缘结构线芯表面质量、偏心度、微观结构和力学性能的影响规律,并对制备的双层绝缘结构电缆线芯进行多项性能测试和耐热寿命评定。
本研究拟制备耐热寿命可达70年且电气性能优异的0.6/1 kV电力电缆绝缘线芯(导体为紧压圆,截面积为25 mm2),通过双层共挤工艺制备双层绝缘结构——高电气性能内绝缘层及优异耐热性能外绝缘层。根据标准,导体标称截面积为25 mm2 0.6/1 kV交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆绝缘层厚度为0.90 mm,因此本研究规定双层绝缘总厚度为0.90 mm,其中内绝缘层厚度为0.40 mm,外绝缘层厚度为0.50 mm,最薄绝缘层总厚度为0.81 mm。内外绝缘层分别使用浙江某电缆料厂生产的无卤交联内绝缘料和无卤阻燃交联外绝缘料。内绝缘层使用 φ40挤塑机挤出,外绝缘层使用φ70挤塑机挤出。
本研究最初尝试通过两次普通单层挤出工艺制备双层绝缘结构。图2φ40挤塑机挤出的内绝缘层照片。从图2可以看到,制成的线芯多处位置露铜,其主要原因是当前挤塑机挤塑能力不匹配。在试制过程中,通过降低挤出速度,露铜现象得到好转,然而降低后的挤出速度无法用于实际生产。再者,由于绝缘层被分为两层,内外绝缘层的结合界面会对绝缘性能产生较大影响。按照先挤塑内绝缘再挤塑外绝缘层的制备工艺,在内绝缘挤塑完成后的冷却、收卷、放卷过程中绝缘层表面会被污染,从而对线芯的绝缘性能产生恶化。因此普通单层挤出工艺不适用于双层绝缘结构线芯的制备。
为了研究不同挤出温度对双层共挤技术的影响,设置了3组温度参数,如表1所示。
利用冲片机对制备出的双层绝缘结构线芯切片制成相关样品。利用数字式智能测量仪测量样品内外绝缘层厚度值,每个样品至少测量6个不同位置的厚度值并计算偏心度,偏心度计算公式为:(最大厚度值-最小厚度值)/最大厚度值。采用场发射扫描电镜(赛默飞Apreo 2)分析样品的双层绝缘微观结构。利用电子拉伸机,按照GB/T 1040.1—2006的规定进行拉伸性能测试,拉伸速率为200 mm/min。
图3为不同挤出温度制备的双层绝缘结构线芯图。如图3(a)所示,3种不同挤出温度制备出的双绝缘层结构线芯表面质量各不相同:温度I和温度II制备的绝缘线芯表面光滑平整,温度III制备的绝缘线芯表面粗糙。对比图3(b)(c)可以看出,在放大情况下观察到温度I制备的绝缘线芯表面部分区域平整度较差,且线芯整体光亮度明显差于温度II制备的绝缘线芯。
电缆绝缘料通过挤塑机料斗吸入到挤塑机内,在挤塑机螺杆的剪切力和压力作用下依次经历混合、熔融和均化3个阶段[11]。根据文献[12],低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)零剪切黏度随着温度的升高呈下降的趋势,主要原因是温度的升高,分子的不规则运动和分子之间的距离增加,使得链段有更多的空间运动。再者,温度的升高,LDPE剪切变稀行为更加明显。因此,随着挤出温度的升高,熔体黏度下降,流动性增加。针对本研究,当挤出温度较低时(温度I),绝缘料在挤塑机内加热不完全,熔融不充分。在挤塑过程中绝缘料黏度较大,熔体的临界剪切应力相对较大,导致熔体不连续易破裂,最终制备的绝缘线芯表面质量欠佳,光亮度较差,如图3(b)所示。随着挤出温度的升高(温度II),绝缘料在挤塑机内加热较为充分,黏度适中,从而在挤塑过程中整体流动性较好,制备的绝缘线芯表面质量和光亮度较好,如图3(c)所示。
然而当挤塑温度进一步升高至温度III时,制备出的绝缘线芯表面质量恶化,绝缘线芯形状出现了扭曲和收缩,如图3(d)所示。线芯绝缘层纵截面致密性较差,可观察到许多大小不一的气孔(针孔),如图3(e)所示。其主要原因为,当挤出温度过高时,不仅会引起绝缘料中添加剂或基体发生降解,导致大量气孔的出现,降低绝缘线芯的致密度,同时还会导致绝缘料熔体黏度过低,流动性过大,从而导致绝缘层形状出现扭曲[11,13]。因此最优的挤塑造温度可以促进适宜的纵向压力和剪切力的产生,有利于物料充分的混合与塑化,实现最优的熔融挤出,从而提升电缆整体性能。
表2为不同挤出温度制备的绝缘线芯偏心度和最薄点总厚度值。从表2可以看出,线芯内外绝缘层偏心度随着挤出温度的升高先减小后增大,其主要原因为:当挤出温度较低时,内外绝缘层熔体黏度较高,熔体流动性差、不连续易破裂,从而导致偏心度较大;当挤出温度过高时,绝缘料熔体黏度过低,流动性过大,导致绝缘层形状出现扭曲和收缩,同样引起绝缘偏心度过大。
根据JG/T 442—2014标准[14],一般对低压电缆绝缘偏心度不做要求,只要求绝缘线芯最薄点厚度达到平均值的90%。本研究拟制备出的双层绝缘总厚度为0.90 mm,最薄总厚度需达到0.81 mm。从表2可以看出,3种挤出温度制备的绝缘线芯最薄点总厚度分别为0.940、0.850、1.417 mm,最薄点总厚度值均超过最低数值,满足规定要求[14]。尽管相关标准中未明确规定低压电缆的绝缘偏心度,但合理控制绝缘偏心度,不仅可以体现企业的技术水平,同时也可以控制成本。
图4为3种不同挤出温度制备的绝缘线芯横截面液氮脆断SEM图。从图4(a)可以看出,挤出温度I制备的绝缘线芯经液氮脆断后内外绝缘层界面紧密结合,结合性较好,然而内绝缘层和外绝缘层厚度较不均匀,部分区域厚度明显偏厚。其主要原因是挤出温度较低,内外绝缘层熔体黏度较高,熔体流动性差,从而导致成型性较差。同时,内绝缘截面相对更加光滑,可见“河流”状形貌,表现出明显的脆性断裂特征,而外绝缘材料表面粗糙,凹凸不平有颗粒感。其主要原因是本研究中外绝缘是为了保障绝缘线芯的耐老化性能,因此选用的是添加剂较多的高耐热性绝缘料。当挤出温度较低时,无机粒子由于本身熔点较高,其流动性相较于基体的流动性更差,使添加剂粒子与基体的相容性变差,从而导致外绝缘层表面凹凸不平[3]
图4(b)可以看出,当挤出温度从温度I升至温度II时,制备的绝缘线芯经脆断后内绝缘层和外绝缘层厚度均匀一致,未发现明显加宽或变窄的截面。同时,内外绝缘层表面相对更加光滑,可见“河流”状形貌,表现出明显的脆性断裂特征,添加剂粒子与基体相容性较好。其主要原因是当挤出温度升高后,内外绝缘料熔体黏度适中,在挤塑过程中整体流动性较好,从而保证了制备出的绝缘线芯内外绝缘层厚度均匀且表面光滑。
图4(c)可以看出,当挤出温度继续增高至温度III时,制备的绝缘线芯经脆断后内绝缘层和外绝缘层的厚度明显比温度I和温度II备的线芯厚,而且双层厚度较不均匀,部分区域明显收缩。同时,内绝缘层表面相对更加光滑,可见“河流”状形貌,表现出明显的脆性断裂特征。而外绝缘层表面粗糙,有颗粒感,并且出现密集分布的大小不一的气孔,部分气孔分布在内外绝缘层界面处。气孔产生的原因是由于挤出温度过高,外绝缘料中添加剂或基体发生了分解,从而导致大量气孔的出现[12-13]
图5为不同挤出温度制备的绝缘线芯拉伸曲线和拉伸性能。从图5可以看出,双层绝缘结构线芯抗张强度随着挤出温度的升高逐渐降低,断裂伸长率随着挤出温度的升高先增大后减小。根据文献[15-16],挤塑过程中在牵引力的作用下聚合物大分子链沿物料流动的方向取向。当挤出温度较低时,分子热运动缓慢,分子链活动能力差,在拉伸过程中需克服聚合物内部较大的粘滞阻力。随着温度的升高,高分子链活动能力增强,在拉伸过程中无需克服聚合物内部较大的粘滞阻力。同时分子热运动剧烈,导致分子链的解取向速度增加,分子链取向度降低。因此,通过温度I制备的绝缘线芯由于挤出温度较低,绝缘料熔体通过模口时在应力作用下分子链发生的取向可保留。此时由于分子链有着较强的取向性,绝缘线芯在拉伸过程需克服较大的粘滞阻力,因此抗张强度较高(16.3 MPa)、断裂伸长率较低(109%)。
当挤出温度升高至温度II时,此时分子链活动能力大幅提高,在挤塑过程中绝缘料熔体通过模口后可发生解取向。由于解取向的发生,绝缘线芯抗张强度从16.3 MPa降低至12.5 MPa,断裂伸长率从109%增加至221%。随着挤出温度进一步升高至温度III,分子热运动加剧,导致分子链解取向增加,因此线芯抗张强度进一步降低。另外,当挤出温度升高至温度III时,由于挤出温度过高,外绝缘料在挤出过程中发生了分解,生成了大量的气孔(图4(e)(f)所示)。这些气孔缺陷的存在会劣化线芯的抗张强度和断裂伸长率。因此随着挤出温度增加到温度III时,绝缘线芯的抗张强度降低至10.7 MPa,断裂伸长率下降至140%。
利用电子加速器,对通过温度II制备的双层绝缘结构线芯进行辐照交联,电子束能量为1.8 MeV,束流强度为20 mA。对通过电子辐照后的绝缘线芯送第三方分别进行绝缘层电气性能、力学性能、老化性能和热延伸检测,检测结果如表3所示。
表3可以看出,制备的绝缘线芯20℃绝缘电阻常数远高于JG/T 442—2014标准规定值,表明制备的双层绝缘结构具有较好的绝缘性能[14]。同时,制备的双层绝缘结构线芯老化前、老化后(135℃/168 h)抗张强度、断裂伸长率及热延伸性能显著优于标准值,表明该双层绝缘结构的力学性能、老化性能和热延伸性能可满足标准规定,且相关性能较为优异。根据JG/T 442—2014标准规定[14]和文献[17-18],当电缆绝缘层经165℃/168 h老化后,如果断裂伸长率保留率不低于原始值的50%,可判定该电缆耐热寿命可达70年(普通电缆耐热寿命仅为30年左右)。本研究制备的双层绝缘结构线芯经165℃/168 h老化后,断裂伸长率达保留率达到98%,下降率仅为2%,表明该双层结构的绝缘线芯耐热老化性能优异,具有较好的耐热寿命。
(1)当挤出温度从温度I升高至温度II时,由于熔体流动性的增加,制备出的双层绝缘结构线芯表面平整,光亮度较好且内外绝缘层偏心度较小(≤15%)。当挤出温度从II升高至温度III时,由于熔体黏度过低,流动性过大,制备出的双层绝缘结构线芯形状出现扭曲和收缩。同时,过高的挤出温度导致添加剂或基体发生分解,因此在线芯纵截面观察到许多大小不一的气孔。
(2)当挤出温度从温度I升高至温度II时,内外绝缘缆料熔体黏度有所改善,从而在挤塑过程中整体流动性较好,制备出的绝缘线芯脆断截面中内外绝缘层厚度均匀。此时,由于解取向的发生,导致绝缘线芯抗张强度下降,断裂伸长率增加。当挤出温度从II升高至温度III时,由于过高的温度使得聚合物内外绝缘缆料黏度大幅降低,流动性的增加导致制备出的绝缘线芯双层厚度较不均匀,部分区域明显收缩。同时,由于挤出温度过高,导致外绝缘层在挤出过程中发生分解,生成了大量的气孔。由于分子链解取向的进一步增加和气孔的存在,绝缘线芯的抗张强度和断裂伸长率降低。
(3)通过挤出温度II制备的双层绝缘结构线芯经电子辐照交联后,其20℃绝缘电阻常数、老化前后抗张强度、断裂伸长率和热延伸性能显著高于标准值,表明该双层绝缘结构的力学性能、老化性能和热延伸性能较为优异。此外,双层绝缘结构线芯经165℃/168 h老化后,断裂伸长率达保留率达到98%,表明该双层结构的绝缘线芯具有较好的耐热寿命。
  • 2022年吉安市科技计划专项-工业类(20222-171835)
  • 2023年吉安市科技计划“百博百企”专项资助项目(20233-127595)
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2025年第58卷第1期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2025.01.006
  • 接收时间:2024-03-04
  • 首发时间:2025-11-05
  • 出版时间:2025-01-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-04
  • 修回日期:2024-04-25
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2022年吉安市科技计划专项-工业类(20222-171835)
2023年吉安市科技计划“百博百企”专项资助项目(20233-127595)
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    江西铜业技术研究院有限公司,江西 南昌 330096
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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