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Article(id=1210620764672357347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210620759618220989, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.12.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1695312000000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-22, revisedDate=1703433600000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766564082544, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1734624000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766564082544, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766564082544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766564082544, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210620759618220989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2024', volume='57', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766564081339, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766564115162, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210620901540885345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210620759618220989, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210620901540885346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210620759618220989, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=108, endPage=115, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210620765041456102, articleId=1210620764672357347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Research on concentration evolution law of ablative characteristic gas of high voltage cable buffer layer, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In recent years, buffer layer ablation failure occurs frequently in high voltage cables with corrugated aluminum sheathed structure, but there is a lack of effective method to determine the severity of ablation defects in cable buffer layer. In order to explore the evolution law of gas product concentration during buffer layer ablation, and use it to diagnose the severity of ablation defects, a simulated experimental platform for buffer layer ablation was established in this paper. The law of ablative characteristic gas concentration of buffer layer with different water contents changing with ablation time was investigated,and the variation law was quantitatively analyzed by using a negative exponential function n=-Aexp(-t/τ)+n0. The results show that the concentration of C2H4, C2H6, and H2 increases in a negative exponential relationship with the increase of ablation time. With the increase of water content, the concentration of C2H4 and C2H6 decreases slightly, while that of H2 increases. The generation rate coefficient(A/τ) of C2H4 and C2H6 can reflect that whether the buffer layer is damp, and the A/τ of H2 increases gradually with the increase of water content in buffer layer, which is expected to be one of the bases for judging the degree of damp of buffer layer.

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皱纹铝护套结构高压电缆近年来频繁出现缓冲层烧蚀故障，但缺少有效的研判电缆缓冲层烧蚀严重程度的方法。为探究缓冲层在烧蚀过程中气体产物浓度的演变规律，用于诊断烧蚀缺陷严重程度，本文搭建了缓冲层烧蚀模拟实验平台，研究了不同含水率下缓冲层的烧蚀特征气体浓度随烧蚀时间的演变规律，并采用负指数函数n=-Aexp(-t/τ)+n0对烧蚀特征气体浓度随烧蚀时间的变化规律进行定量分析。结果表明：C2H4、C2H6和H2的浓度均随烧蚀时间增加呈负指数关系增长；C2H4与C2H6浓度随含水率升高略有减小，而H2浓度则随含水率的升高而增大；C2H4与C2H6的生成速率系数A/τ可反映缓冲层是否受潮，H2的A/τ随缓冲层含水率的升高逐渐增大，有望作为判断缓冲层受潮程度的依据之一。

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门业堃（1990-），男（汉族），北京人，工程师，主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究；

任志刚（1983-），男（汉族），北京人，高级工程师，主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究。

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门业堃（1990-），男（汉族），北京人，工程师，主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究；

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门业堃（1990-），男（汉族），北京人，工程师，主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究；

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任志刚（1983-），男（汉族），北京人，高级工程师，主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究。

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任志刚（1983-），男（汉族），北京人，高级工程师，主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究。

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IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2023,30(2):883-891., articleTitle=A novel condition assessment method for corrugated aluminum sheathed XLPE cables based on evolved gas analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1218964345329996605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210620764672357347, awardId=5108-202218280A-2-353-XG, language=CN, fundingSource=国家电网有限公司科技项目(5108-202218280A-2-353-XG), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218964336995914161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210620764672357347, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218964337008497073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210620764672357347, companyId=1218964336995914161, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Grid Beijing Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100075, China), 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218964343568388893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210620764672357347, language=CN, label=图8, caption=3种烧蚀特征气体的A/τ值随缓冲层含水率的变化, figureFileSmall=Ae2MPnkz3SFJVNyYOKO15Q==, figureFileBig=faTTeDWrgIgm/E8GihFhfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218964343643886368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210620764672357347, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Shape parameters of aluminum electrode, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
铝电极形状平板电极球电极圆柱形电极针电极
形状参数/mm长为50宽为3直径为30外径为7.5内径为2.5长为50针尖曲率半径为0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1218964344952509222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210620764672357347, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

铝电极的形状参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
铝电极形状平板电极球电极圆柱形电极针电极
形状参数/mm长为50宽为3直径为30外径为7.5内径为2.5长为50针尖曲率半径为0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1218964345044783913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210620764672357347, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=The generation rate coefficient A/τ value of ablative characteristic gases, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
缓冲层含水率/%A/τ
C2H4C2H6H2
079.893.42804.50
2058.112.861 506.37
4047.782.731 553.95
6061.583.111 653.52
8058.983.101 354.10
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烧蚀特征气体的生成速率系数A/τ值

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缓冲层含水率/%A/τ
C2H4C2H6H2
079.893.42804.50
2058.112.861 506.37
4047.782.731 553.95
6061.583.111 653.52
8058.983.101 354.10
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高压电缆缓冲层烧蚀特征气体浓度的演变规律研究
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门业堃 1 , 郭卫 1 , 任志刚 1 , 潘泽华 1 , 刘博 1 , 高建 2 , 赵鸽 2
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2024,57(12): 108-115
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绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2024, 57(12): 108-115
高压电缆缓冲层烧蚀特征气体浓度的演变规律研究
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门业堃1, 郭卫1, 任志刚1, 潘泽华1, 刘博1, 高建2, 赵鸽2
作者信息
  • 1国网北京市电力公司电力科学研究院，北京 100075
  • 2西安交通大学 电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室，陕西 西安 710049

    • 门业堃（1990-），男（汉族），北京人，工程师，主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究；

    任志刚（1983-），男（汉族），北京人，高级工程师，主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究。

Research on concentration evolution law of ablative characteristic gas of high voltage cable buffer layer
Yekun MEN1, Wei GUO1, Zhigang REN1, Zehua PAN1, Bo LIU1, Jian GAO2, Ge ZHAO2
Affiliations
  • 1State Grid Beijing Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100075, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi′an Jiaotong University, Xi′an 710049, China
出版时间: 2024-12-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.12.014
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摘要
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皱纹铝护套结构高压电缆近年来频繁出现缓冲层烧蚀故障，但缺少有效的研判电缆缓冲层烧蚀严重程度的方法。为探究缓冲层在烧蚀过程中气体产物浓度的演变规律，用于诊断烧蚀缺陷严重程度，本文搭建了缓冲层烧蚀模拟实验平台，研究了不同含水率下缓冲层的烧蚀特征气体浓度随烧蚀时间的演变规律，并采用负指数函数n=-Aexp(-t/τ)+n0对烧蚀特征气体浓度随烧蚀时间的变化规律进行定量分析。结果表明：C2H4、C2H6和H2的浓度均随烧蚀时间增加呈负指数关系增长；C2H4与C2H6浓度随含水率升高略有减小，而H2浓度则随含水率的升高而增大；C2H4与C2H6的生成速率系数A/τ可反映缓冲层是否受潮，H2的A/τ随缓冲层含水率的升高逐渐增大，有望作为判断缓冲层受潮程度的依据之一。

高压电缆  /  缓冲层烧蚀  /  气隙放电  /  气体浓度  /  生成速率

In recent years, buffer layer ablation failure occurs frequently in high voltage cables with corrugated aluminum sheathed structure, but there is a lack of effective method to determine the severity of ablation defects in cable buffer layer. In order to explore the evolution law of gas product concentration during buffer layer ablation, and use it to diagnose the severity of ablation defects, a simulated experimental platform for buffer layer ablation was established in this paper. The law of ablative characteristic gas concentration of buffer layer with different water contents changing with ablation time was investigated,and the variation law was quantitatively analyzed by using a negative exponential function n=-Aexp(-t/τ)+n0. The results show that the concentration of C2H4, C2H6, and H2 increases in a negative exponential relationship with the increase of ablation time. With the increase of water content, the concentration of C2H4 and C2H6 decreases slightly, while that of H2 increases. The generation rate coefficient(A/τ) of C2H4 and C2H6 can reflect that whether the buffer layer is damp, and the A/τ of H2 increases gradually with the increase of water content in buffer layer, which is expected to be one of the bases for judging the degree of damp of buffer layer.

high voltage cable  /  buffer layer ablation  /  air gap discharge  /  gas concentration  /  rate of production
门业堃, 郭卫, 任志刚, 潘泽华, 刘博, 高建, 赵鸽. 高压电缆缓冲层烧蚀特征气体浓度的演变规律研究. 绝缘材料, 2024 , 57 (12) : 108 -115 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.12.014
Yekun MEN, Wei GUO, Zhigang REN, Zehua PAN, Bo LIU, Jian GAO, Ge ZHAO. Research on concentration evolution law of ablative characteristic gas of high voltage cable buffer layer[J]. Insulating Materials, 2024 , 57 (12) : 108 -115 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.12.014
正文
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0 引言
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近年来，含皱纹铝护套结构高压电缆频繁发生缓冲层烧蚀故障，并多次引发电缆主绝缘击穿事故，严重影响了城市输电系统的安全与稳定运行[1-2]。因此，及时准确地检出高压电缆缓冲层烧蚀缺陷严重程度对于降低高压电缆缓冲层烧蚀故障风险、提升高压电缆运行可靠性具有重要的意义。
目前国内外已针对电缆缓冲层烧蚀机理开展了大量研究，发现气隙放电是引发电缆烧蚀故障的重要因素[3-4]。刘洋等[5]发现缓冲层烧蚀缺陷电缆内部存在明显的局部放电信号，且信号特征与接触不良时的放电特征相似；张玮玮等[6]发现当阻水缓冲层受潮或吸水后，其导电性能会发生明显劣化，是阻水缓冲层发生局部放电的潜在诱因；文献[7-9]通过仿真与理论计算均发现若缓冲层与铝护套之间存在气隙，气隙场强可能超过空气击穿场强从而引发局部放电，最终导致烧蚀故障。因此，研究放电条件下缓冲层烧蚀故障严重程度的诊断方法至关重要。
实际运维经验表明，高压电缆缓冲层烧蚀故障具有极强的潜伏性，缓冲层烧蚀缺陷在引发严重的电缆故障前通过常规检测方法很难有效检出，包括局部放电检测、宽频阻抗谱分析、X射线探测[10-13]等。因此亟需针对缓冲层烧蚀缺陷严重程度的诊断方法开展科研攻关。
已有研究表明缓冲层在烧蚀过程中会产生气体产物，且气体浓度与缓冲层烧蚀严重程度密切相关，因此掌握缓冲层烧蚀过程中特征气体浓度的演变规律，对于实际高压电缆缓冲层烧蚀故障的检测与诊断具有重要的指导意义。赵西元[14]研究发现氢气可以作为烧蚀过程中电化学腐蚀反应的标志性气体；周凯等[15]研究发现吸水后的缓冲层在烧蚀过程中会先释放出氢气，随后会产生乙烷、乙烯、乙炔等小分子气体；刘顺满等[16-17]通过模拟实验发现缓冲层烧蚀过程中会产生甲苯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯等芳香烃类气体，且芳香烃气体占总气体的主要部分。综上可以看出，目前对于缓冲层烧蚀缺陷特征气体的种类已有基本认识，但对于缓冲层在放电烧蚀过程中特征气体产物浓度的演变规律尚不明确。同时，电缆在运行过程中存在受潮的情况，不同潮湿程度下的烧蚀气体浓度是否存在差异也有待研究。
基于上述研究现状，本文开展放电条件下缓冲层烧蚀特征气体浓度演变规律的研究。根据皱纹铝护套高压电缆结构设计并搭建了缓冲层烧蚀模拟实验平台，研究放电条件下缓冲层烧蚀特征气体浓度随烧蚀时间以及缓冲层含水率的演变规律，并对其进行定量分析，希望为高压电缆缓冲层烧蚀缺陷的诊断提供实验基础。
1 实验
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1.1 模拟实验平台的搭建
为模拟缓冲层在放电条件下的烧蚀过程并收集烧蚀气体产物，模拟实验平台需满足以下要求：①与实际电缆内部结构相近，烧蚀实验涉及到的结构主要包括皱纹铝护套、阻水缓冲层和绝缘屏蔽层，因此模拟平台的电极材料选用铝；②实验腔体具有良好的气密性，保证烧蚀产生的气体不泄漏；③电极与试样间气隙的电场分布接近实际电缆中缓冲层与皱纹铝护套间气隙的电场分布，为此需设计合适的铝电极形状，并借助COMSOL软件仿真实际电缆内阻水缓冲层和皱纹铝护套波谷之间存在气隙时的电场分布以及不同电极形状下空气间隙中的电场分布。
图1为电缆仿真模型，在铜导体上施加64 kV的单相电压，皱纹铝护套波谷与缓冲层之间的空气间隙厚度为3 mm时的电场强度分布如图2所示。从图2可以看出，最大电场强度出现在铝护套波谷处，且超过空气击穿场强，足以引发气隙放电并导致缓冲层烧蚀故障。
常用的电极形状包括平板电极、球电极、圆柱形电极、针电极，在COMSOL中建立仿真模型，每个模型中上方为不同形状的铝电极，相关参数见表1，其中圆柱形电极的直径与厚度参考了电缆中皱纹铝护套的实际尺寸。电极下方为缓冲层，其厚度为2 mm，长度为60 mm，空气间隙厚度为3 mm。在铝电极上施加10 kV电压，下方缓冲层接地，可得到不同电极形状下仿真模型和其空气间隙中的电场强度分布，如图3所示。
从图3可以看出，平板电极与圆柱形电极下空气间隙中电场强度最大的位置均位于电极边缘尖锐处，分别达到8.5×106 V/m和7.4×106 V/m，而空气击穿也是最易发生在边缘位置，不能更好地体现2种电极形状下的气隙放电。针电极下电场强度非常集中，属于极不均匀电场，针尖处最大电场强度达8.5×106 V/m，与实际电缆中的电场分布情况存在较大区别。相比较而言，球形电极下气隙中电场强度的分布比较接近实际电缆的仿真结果。根据上述仿真结果，后续均采用球形电极来完成缓冲层烧蚀模拟实验平台的搭建，如图4所示。
1.2 模拟烧蚀实验
实验采用的阻水缓冲层材料主要由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维（PET）、聚丙烯酸钠颗粒、炭黑组成。绝缘屏蔽片是由110 kV电力电缆屏蔽材料制备而成。实验过程中保持铝电极与阻水缓冲层之间的空气间隙厚度为3 mm，施加电压使气隙击穿，在铝电极与缓冲层之间形成连续放电，持续对缓冲层进行烧蚀，每隔0.5 min检测一次腔体内气体产物及浓度。
实验中使用的缓冲层尺寸为60 mm×60 mm×2 mm，包括3种：①干燥缓冲层：置于80℃的烘箱中烘焙24 h；②含水率分别为20%、40%、60%、80%的缓冲层：用电子天平称量干燥缓冲层质量（x0），使用喷壶尽量使缓冲层均匀吸水，再次称量缓冲层质量（x1），即得到不同含水率（x1-x0x0×100%）的缓冲层（由于实验过程中存在水分蒸发、分解等因素，含水率会发生变化，本文所述含水率均为缓冲层初始含水率）；③具有受潮历史的干燥缓冲层：制作含水率为80%的缓冲层，静置10 min后置于80℃的烘箱中烘焙24 h。
1.3 烧蚀气体检测
采用ZF-301B型气相色谱仪对缓冲层烧蚀过程中产生的小分子气体进行区分与含量测定，载气为氩气，设定压力为0.4 MPa，流量约为60 mL/min。
2 结果及分析
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2.1 烧蚀时间对气体浓度的影响
通过气相色谱法检测发现缓冲层在烧蚀过程中会生成CH4、C2H4、C2H6、CO2和H2 5种气体。其中CO2是空气的固有成分，因此不适合作为特征气体进行缓冲层烧蚀的检测与诊断。不同含水率缓冲层中4种烧蚀气体的浓度随烧蚀时间的变化情况如图5所示。从图5可以看出，缓冲层在干燥以及不同含水率情况下的烧蚀特征气体浓度均随烧蚀时间的增加而增加，并且在初始阶段气体浓度增长较快，一段时间后增长速度变缓，变化趋势接近负指数变化。
2.2 缓冲层含水率对气体浓度的影响
为进一步分析缓冲层含水率对烧蚀气体浓度变化的影响，绘制烧蚀气体浓度随缓冲层含水率的变化规律如图6所示。
结合图5～6可以发现：
（1）烧蚀时间为0.5 min时，CH4浓度在缓冲层含水率达到60%前随含水率的增加而略有增加，但含水率为80%时CH4浓度相较含水率小于60%时则小幅下降。当烧蚀时间为3 min，含水率从0增加到60%时，CH4浓度增加了约16%；当含水率从60%增加到80%时，CH4浓度降低了约4.5%。整体而言，CH4浓度变化与缓冲层含水率关系不明显。
（2）C2H4与C2H6的浓度基本在缓冲层干燥情况下为最高，当缓冲层受潮后其浓度均有所降低。烧蚀3 min情况下，当含水率从0增加到20%时，C2H4与C2H6浓度分别降低了约24%和18%。推测是由于在缓冲层干燥情况下，PET的蓬松网络结构中存在氧气，可促进PET纤维的热降解过程；而在潮湿情况下，阻水缓冲层中的阻水粉颗粒吸水发生膨胀并填充PET网络中的孔隙，阻碍了氧气的进入，进而抑制了缓冲层的热氧化降解；此外，由于水分的存在，水的挥发与分解会消耗部分放电产生的能量，使缓冲层材料的分解程度减轻。
（3）潮湿情况下，C2H4与C2H6的浓度随缓冲层含水率变化不明显。其中在烧蚀3 min情况下，当缓冲层含水率从40%增加到60%时，C2H4与C2H6的浓度变化率分别约为4%和1%。原因与（2）中所述情况类似，在含水率达到20%时，阻水缓冲层中PET纤维氧化降解可能已得到了显著抑制，同时放电能量也得到了明显的消耗，因此进一步提高含水率不会显著影响C2H4与C2H6气体浓度。
（4）H2的浓度随含水率的升高而显著增加，当缓冲层含水率从20%增加到40%时，烧蚀3 min后的H2浓度从705 cm3/m3增加到813 cm3/m3，增长了15%。推测原因为在潮湿情况下除了缓冲层自身的分解外，水的分解也会产生H2，含水率提高意味着H2的来源增多，因此其浓度随之增大。
2.3 缓冲层受潮历史对特征气体浓度的影响
电缆在实际运行过程中难免存在受潮的情况，但受潮状态不会永久持续，随着环境的改变有可能恢复至较干燥状态。为模拟这一变化过程，制备了具有受潮历史的缓冲层，并将其与干燥缓冲层烧蚀3 min内4种烧蚀气体的浓度变化规律进行对比，结果如图7所示。从图7可以看出，两种情况下4种气体的浓度变化都非常接近，表明特征气体的浓度主要取决于缓冲层当前的含水率，受缓冲层的受潮历史影响较小，进一步表明通过检测特征气体浓度能够反映缓冲层发生烧蚀时的当下受潮情况。
3 烧蚀特征气体浓度演变规律的量化分析
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考虑到高压XLPE电缆绝缘中残余的交联剂过氧化二异丙苯会分解产生CH4、苯乙酮、枯基醇等副产物[18-20]，CH4不适合作为缓冲层烧蚀的特征气体，故选择C2H4、C2H6以及H2作为缓冲层烧蚀故障的特征气体进行分析。
根据第2节中的实验结果，C2H4、C2H6、H2这3种特征气体的浓度随烧蚀时间的变化均符合负指数变化趋势，因此采用负指数函数（式（1））对其演变规律进行拟合分析，以便量化分析烧蚀特征气体的演变规律。
n=-Aexp(-t/τ)+n0
式（1）中：n为特征气体浓度；t为烧蚀时间；A为指前系数；τ为时间常数，代表负指数函数的增长速率。对式（1）求导得到式（2），表示特征气体的生成速率。
dndt=Aτexp(-t/τ)
式（2）中，A/τ为缓冲层烧蚀特征气体的生成速率系数，能够定量表征缓冲层烧蚀缺陷特征气体在烧蚀初始时刻的生成速率。各烧蚀特征气体的A/τ值随缓冲层含水率的变化规律如表2所示。根据表2绘制烧蚀特征气体生成速率系数A/τ随缓冲层含水率的变化，如图8所示。
从图8可以发现，C2H4与C2H6的A/τ值随缓冲层含水率升高略有减小，表明C2H4与C2H6的A/τ值能够反映缓冲层是否受潮。H2的A/τ值随缓冲层含水率大致呈增大趋势，对应于H2的生成速率随缓冲层含水率增加而增大。因此，通过分析H2的A/τ值的范围有望判断缓冲层的受潮程度，进而研判缓冲层的烧蚀严重程度。
4 结论
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本文设计并搭建了放电条件下缓冲层烧蚀模拟实验平台，分别研究了缓冲层干燥与潮湿情况下烧蚀过程中特征气体浓度的变化规律及其拟合参数，得到结论如下：
（1）缓冲层放电烧蚀生成的CH4浓度随缓冲层含水率变化趋势不明显，同时考虑交联剂分解会产生CH4，因此CH4不适合作为缓冲层烧蚀的特征气体；在干燥情况下放电烧蚀生成的C2H4与C2H6浓度相比于缓冲层受潮后更高；H2浓度则随缓冲层含水率的升高呈现增大趋势。特征气体的浓度主要取决于缓冲层发生烧蚀时的含水率，而受缓冲层的受潮历史影响很小。
（2）选择C2H4、C2H6和H2 3种烧蚀气体作为电缆缓冲层烧蚀的特征气体。随着放电烧蚀时间的增加，3种气体浓度在初始阶段增长较快，随后增长速度变缓，接近负指数变化趋势。
（3）基于特征气体的负指数变化规律，提出一种可表征缓冲层烧蚀特征的参数——生成速率系数A/τ。C2H4与C2H6的A/τ值在缓冲层干燥情况下明显大于受潮后的值，可大致反映缓冲层是否受潮。H2的A/τ值随着缓冲层含水率升高呈增长趋势，其值范围有望用来判断缓冲层的受潮程度，进而研判缓冲层的烧蚀严重程度。
基金
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  • 国家电网有限公司科技项目(5108-202218280A-2-353-XG)
文献
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2024年第57卷第12期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.12.014
  • 接收时间：2023-09-22
  • 首发时间：2025-12-24
  • 出版时间：2024-12-20
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  • 收稿日期：2023-09-22
  • 修回日期：2023-12-25
基金
国家电网有限公司科技项目(5108-202218280A-2-353-XG)
作者信息
    1国网北京市电力公司电力科学研究院，北京 100075
    2西安交通大学 电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室，陕西 西安 710049
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