Article(id=1210620762977866316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210620759618220989, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.12.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1710864000000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-20, revisedDate=1716739200000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766564082140, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1734624000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766564082140, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766564082140, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766564082140, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210620759618220989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2024', volume='57', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766564081339, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766564115162, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210620901540885345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210620759618220989, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210620901540885346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210620759618220989, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=51, endPage=57, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210620763338576470, articleId=1210620762977866316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Research on preparation and performance of SiO2/MWCNT/PDMS composite insulation coating with high DC surface flashover voltage and superhydrophobic performance, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Insulating materials are prone to flashover along the surface due to their inherent properties, contamination accumulation, rain and snow, and so on. In this paper, a multifunctional nanocomposite coating (SiO2/MWCNTs/PDMS) was prepared through a "polymer+nanofiller" method by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer as the matrix, SiO2 nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as fillers. The trap distribution, DC surface flashover voltage, and hydrophobicity of the nanocomposite coating were tested and analyzed. The results show that the composite coating has a high surface roughness, which hinders the development of surface discharge. The surface flashover voltage of the composite coating increases from 17.7 kV to 24.3 kV, with a growth of 37.3%. With the increase of SiO2 and MWCNTs content, the water contact angle of the composite coating has no obvious change the maximum water contact angle reaches 150.5°, and the composite coating has good self-cleaning ability. The research results can provide reference for the engineering application of composite insulation coating materials in the future.

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绝缘材料因本身性质、积污、雨雪等因素易发生沿面闪络的问题,本文应用“聚合物+纳米填料”的方法,以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)弹性体为基体,SiO2纳米颗粒和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为填料,利用喷涂法制备了一种多功能纳米复合涂层(SiO2/MWCNTs/PDMS),并对纳米复合涂层的陷阱分布、直流沿面闪络电压及疏水性进行测试与分析。结果表明:复合涂层具有较高的表面粗糙度,对沿面放电的发展有阻碍作用,复合涂层的表面闪络电压由17.7 kV提升至24.3 kV,提升了37.3%;复合涂层的水接触角随SiO2和MWCNTs含量的增大变化不明显,水接触角最大达到150.5°,且复合涂层具有较好的自清洁能力。研究结果可为今后复合绝缘涂层材料的工程应用提供参考。

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陈廷鑫(1996-),男(汉族),四川绵阳人,助理工程师,主要研究方向为油田高压交(直)流配电、低压配电。

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陈廷鑫(1996-),男(汉族),四川绵阳人,助理工程师,主要研究方向为油田高压交(直)流配电、低压配电。

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陈廷鑫(1996-),男(汉族),四川绵阳人,助理工程师,主要研究方向为油田高压交(直)流配电、低压配电。

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样品rSiO2/%gCNT/g
纯EP00
复合涂层1150.01
复合涂层2300.02
复合涂层3450.03
复合涂层4600.04
), ArticleFig(id=1218964343572578635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210620762977866316, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同复合涂层的填料配比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品rSiO2/%gCNT/g
纯EP00
复合涂层1150.01
复合涂层2300.02
复合涂层3450.03
复合涂层4600.04
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兼具高直流沿面闪络电压与超疏水性能的SiO2/MWCNT/PDMS复合绝缘涂层的制备与性能研究
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陈廷鑫 1 , 乔汪洋 2 , 吴媚 3 , 张远鑫 3 , 张恒 4 , 于徽 1 , 马启钊 1
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2024,57(12): 51-57
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2024, 57(12): 51-57
兼具高直流沿面闪络电压与超疏水性能的SiO2/MWCNT/PDMS复合绝缘涂层的制备与性能研究
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陈廷鑫1, 乔汪洋2, 吴媚3, 张远鑫3, 张恒4, 于徽1, 马启钊1
作者信息
  • 1新疆油田采油工艺研究院(监理公司),新疆 克拉玛依 834099
  • 2新疆油田基建工程部, 新疆 克拉玛依 834099
  • 3新疆油田新能源事业部,新疆 克拉玛依 834099
  • 4新疆油田玛湖勘探开发项目部,新疆 克拉玛依 834099
  • 陈廷鑫(1996-),男(汉族),四川绵阳人,助理工程师,主要研究方向为油田高压交(直)流配电、低压配电。

Research on preparation and performance of SiO2/MWCNT/PDMS composite insulation coating with high DC surface flashover voltage and superhydrophobic performance
Tingxin CHEN1, Wangyang QIAO2, Mei WU3, Yuanxin ZHANG3, Heng ZHANG4, Hui YU1, Qizhao MA1
Affiliations
  • 1Xinjiang Oilfield Oil Production Technology Research Institute (Supervision Company), karamay 834099, China
  • 2Xinjiang Oilfield Infrastructure Engineering Department, karamay 834099China
  • 3New Energy Business Unit of Xinjiang Oilfield, karamay 834099, China
  • 4Mahu Exploration and Development Project Department of Xinjiang Oilfield, karamay 834099, China
出版时间: 2024-12-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.12.007
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绝缘材料因本身性质、积污、雨雪等因素易发生沿面闪络的问题,本文应用“聚合物+纳米填料”的方法,以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)弹性体为基体,SiO2纳米颗粒和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为填料,利用喷涂法制备了一种多功能纳米复合涂层(SiO2/MWCNTs/PDMS),并对纳米复合涂层的陷阱分布、直流沿面闪络电压及疏水性进行测试与分析。结果表明:复合涂层具有较高的表面粗糙度,对沿面放电的发展有阻碍作用,复合涂层的表面闪络电压由17.7 kV提升至24.3 kV,提升了37.3%;复合涂层的水接触角随SiO2和MWCNTs含量的增大变化不明显,水接触角最大达到150.5°,且复合涂层具有较好的自清洁能力。研究结果可为今后复合绝缘涂层材料的工程应用提供参考。

电介质  /  纳米涂层  /  直流闪络电压  /  超疏水

Insulating materials are prone to flashover along the surface due to their inherent properties, contamination accumulation, rain and snow, and so on. In this paper, a multifunctional nanocomposite coating (SiO2/MWCNTs/PDMS) was prepared through a "polymer+nanofiller" method by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer as the matrix, SiO2 nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as fillers. The trap distribution, DC surface flashover voltage, and hydrophobicity of the nanocomposite coating were tested and analyzed. The results show that the composite coating has a high surface roughness, which hinders the development of surface discharge. The surface flashover voltage of the composite coating increases from 17.7 kV to 24.3 kV, with a growth of 37.3%. With the increase of SiO2 and MWCNTs content, the water contact angle of the composite coating has no obvious change the maximum water contact angle reaches 150.5°, and the composite coating has good self-cleaning ability. The research results can provide reference for the engineering application of composite insulation coating materials in the future.

dielectric  /  nano coating  /  DC flashover voltage  /  superhydrophobicity
陈廷鑫, 乔汪洋, 吴媚, 张远鑫, 张恒, 于徽, 马启钊. 兼具高直流沿面闪络电压与超疏水性能的SiO2/MWCNT/PDMS复合绝缘涂层的制备与性能研究. 绝缘材料, 2024 , 57 (12) : 51 -57 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.12.007
Tingxin CHEN, Wangyang QIAO, Mei WU, Yuanxin ZHANG, Heng ZHANG, Hui YU, Qizhao MA. Research on preparation and performance of SiO2/MWCNT/PDMS composite insulation coating with high DC surface flashover voltage and superhydrophobic performance[J]. Insulating Materials, 2024 , 57 (12) : 51 -57 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.12.007
在实现国家“双碳”目标的发展过程中,以新能源电力系统为主体的新型电力系统是低碳发展的主流趋势[1]。在具有广阔的土地资源、丰富的光照资源的新疆,发展光伏和光热是实现“双碳”目标的重要手段[2-5]。然而西北地区属于风沙盐碱地区,还具有昼夜温差大、风沙污染严重等特征,由此带来的表面积污、盐碱腐蚀、高紫外线以及积雪等特殊环境条件给户外电气设备的可靠性运行造成威胁[6]。特别是户外高压设备中气体、固体等不同介质之间所形成的界面是绝缘系统中的薄弱一环,即沿面闪络相较于绝缘材料本体击穿更容易发生[7]
在高压直流输电系统中,绝缘子长期承受单极性直流电场作用,在其表面会积聚大量电荷,致使材料表面发生局部电场畸变的问题,极大降低设备绝缘水平[8-10]。表面电荷积聚致使电场发生畸变后会诱发表面放电;同时,表面电荷积聚也为沿面放电的发展提供了基础电荷,进而促进闪络过程的形成[11]。此外,粘附在电介质表面的水分或水滴也可能进一步降低闪络电压,意味着疏水性是电介质的另一个重要特性[12-13]。因此,研发一种同时具有高直流沿面闪络电压和超疏水性的表面材料,对保障电力绝缘系统的安全稳定运行具有重要意义。
通过改变绝缘子的表面特性进而抑制表面电荷的积累是提高绝缘子闪络性能的有效途径,目前已经提出了氟化、等离子体处理和掺杂功能填料等方法。其中,氟化极大地提高了表面电导率,使表面电势衰减更快[14];等离子体处理使样品的表面电导率明显增加[15];掺杂功能填料可限制电荷载流子的迁移率,从而抑制绝缘子表面的电荷积聚[16]。氟化和等离子体处理均是通过加速表面电荷耗散来提高闪络强度。此外,在绝缘体上刷涂复合绝缘涂层,可以调整表面特性,改善电荷积累行为和提高闪络强度。例如,文献[17]中的SiO2/环氧和TiO2/环氧涂层可以有效抑制电荷积累。文献[18]在复合涂层中采用微米级SiC和ZnO等非线性导电填料来改变表面电导率,进而加快电荷耗散。文献[19]通过改变聚合物的排列制备纳米层状涂层,以提高闪络电压。以上研究为提升干燥室内环境下的绝缘材料表面直流闪络电压提供了较好的参考方案,但上述技术可能会引入高表面能化学基团,进而降低水接触角(CA)。超疏水涂层可以使绝缘子表面不易浸湿,降雨时滑落的水滴可以带走绝缘子表面的污物[20-22],从而降低污闪发生的概率,减轻经济损失[23]。然而,同时具有优异的表面绝缘强度和超疏水性且适用于室内外的多功能涂料鲜有报道。
受现有研究的启发,本文采用基于“聚合物+纳米填料”的方法,通过在聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS) 溶液中混合SiO2纳米颗粒和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)制备复合绝缘涂层。其中,PDMS确保在外力和紫外线照射下涂层具有弹性和稳定性[24]。将涂层溶液喷涂于环氧树脂(EP)片上,固化后得到 SiO2/MWCNT/PDMS-EP复合材料试样,对试样进行陷阱分布、闪络电压、疏水性测试,以期为复合绝缘涂层材料的工程应用提供参考。
本文选用的基底树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂(E51),固化剂为甲基四氢苯酐二甲酸酐,江苏星辰合成材料有限公司;促进剂选用2,4,6-三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚,二氧化硅(SiO2)填料粒径为30 nm,上海迈坤化工有限公司;多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)填料粒径为30 nm,上海阿拉丁科技有限公司。
室温下,将1.88 g PDMS预聚物在搅拌下溶于100 mL乙酸乙酯中形成均相溶液,然后添加一定量的SiO2纳米颗粒和MWCNTs通过搅拌和超声分散形成悬浮液。定义SiO2颗粒与PDMS预聚物的质量占比为rSiO2,定义添加MWCNTs的质量为gCNT。随后向溶液中添加0.19 g固化剂(PDMS与固化剂质量比约为10∶1),搅拌10 min使悬浮液和固化剂充分反应。通过喷涂方法将制备的溶液涂覆到选定的EP基底上,其中基底的表面用砂纸(1 000目)预处理以增强粘附强度。再通过控制喷枪压力(0.29 MPa)、基板与喷枪之间的距离(约200 mm)和喷涂角度(约90°),以平衡喷涂过程和溶剂蒸发时间,喷涂时间为65 s。最后将涂层样品在100℃的真空干燥箱中固化4 h,得到SiO2/MWCNT/PDMS-EP复合材料试样。试验过程中保证纳米填料均匀溶解,同时严格限定喷涂条件以减少制备流程偏差对试验结果的影响,复合绝缘涂层的制备流程如图1所示。
试验中通过调节SiO2和MWCNTs的浓度可得到不同浓度复合涂层,各复合涂层命名和浓度配比如表1所示。
采用等温表面电势衰减法测定纳米涂层试样的陷阱能级分布,测试系统搭建如图2所示。用无水乙醇对样品表面进行处理,清除涂层表面的残留电荷。将恒温台设定为50℃,待温度稳定后将样品放置于恒温台表面。将恒温台移动至高压探针下方,样品表面使用“针栅到表面”结构进行电晕充电处理。高压直流电源对针电极施加6 kV电压,计时5 min后将恒温台移至开尔文探头下,通过静电电位计采集样品表面电势,测量表面电位衰减曲线。通过数据采集卡,将电位数据收集至计算机中存储。对数据进行分析处理,计算不同浓度复合涂层材料的表面陷阱深度情况。
根据Simmons的等温放电电流理论[25],陷阱能级和陷阱密度可分别由式(1)式(2)确定。
ET=kTlnγt
NET=εtqef0kTδLdφtdt
式(1)~(2)中:ET为陷阱能级;k是玻尔兹曼常数;T是绝对温度,323 K;γ为捕获空穴/电子的逃逸频率,约等于1012 s-1t为测量时间;N(ET)为陷阱密度;εL分别为试样的介电常数和厚度;qe为基本电荷量;f0是陷阱的初始占用率,本文假设为1;δ为注入电荷穿透深度,设为2 μm;φ(t)为开尔文探头测得的电势。
在等温表面电势衰减过程中,较浅陷阱中的电荷比较深陷阱中的电荷更容易被俘获,即电荷的释放时间与其陷阱深度有关。一般两种衰变过程同时发生,因此表面电势衰减曲线可以用双指数方程拟合,如式(3)所示。
φt=a1e-b1t+a2e-b2t
式(3)中:a1a2b1b2为拟合参数,其中b1b2分别代表深、浅陷阱的衰减时间常数。
采用DW-N104-2ACB2型直流高压电源进行闪络测试。其中,试样的固定及涂层表面闪络电压测试采用指形电极,电极两端子间距为10 mm,在大气条件下进行试验。用酒精擦拭样品表面,待样品干燥后将其固定于支撑台,并将支撑台置于绝缘板上。采用正极性直流电压,利用程序控制加压速率为1 kV/s直到样品表面发生闪络,记录闪络电压值。不同复合涂层重复12次试验,并做威布尔分析。
为探究涂层疏水性,需要测量涂层表面的水接触角。接触角是指在材料表面上滴入约7 μL的水滴后,材料表面上的固-液-气三相交界点处所作的气-液界面切线在液体一方与液-固界面切线所形成的夹角(θ)。利用JC2000型接触角测量仪测试涂层表面疏水性能:使用仪器针管滴取适量液体,调节镜头角度及亮度;通过计算机、光学系统和CCD摄像头结合,采集并保存液滴影像。
通过扫描电镜(SEM)得到纳米复合涂层的表面形貌,如图3所示。对比图3(a)(c)可以看出,SiO2纳米填料在溶剂挥发过程中聚集形成较大的微球,刚性微球在撞击基底时仍能保持其形状,在涂层表面形成微米级的高原平台状颗粒。这是由于纳米颗粒中的-OH形成的氢键之间存在吸引力,在溶剂蒸发过程中促进纳米颗粒形成了团聚体。随着填料浓度的增加,PDMS基质覆盖了更多的纳米填料,涂层表面形成了一定量的纳米多孔微结构特征。
各纳米复合涂层的表面电位衰减及陷阱分布情况分别如图4图5所示。
图4可以看出,在针电极开始放电初期,材料表面电荷密度较大,电荷自身脱陷能力强,衰减速度较快。随着测试的进行,材料表面电场逐渐衰减,故电荷的脱陷速率也逐渐减小[26]。表面电荷脱陷后主要有界面处中和、沿面耗散、内部衰减这3种形式[27-28]
图5可以看出,无填料涂层的陷阱能级约为1.110 eV,随着rSiO2从15%增大至60%,陷阱能级随填料浓度的增大呈随机分布,最大值为1.124 eV。可见,环氧树脂样品表面喷涂SiO2/MWCNTs/PDMS涂层后电位衰减速度与陷阱深度变化较小,即该涂层对表面电荷的输运过程影响较小。
为了验证复合绝缘涂层能够提高样品的绝缘性能,采用1.3.2所述试验过程在标准大气压下对复合绝缘涂层进行沿面闪络电压测试。闪络强度的分析通常采用双参数威布尔统计量的框架,闪络电压威布尔分布计算如式(4)所示。
PVs=1-exp-Vs/αβ
式(4)中:P(Vs)为表面闪络累积概率;Vs为实测闪络电压;尺度参数α为试样闪络概率为63.2%时对应的电压(威布尔闪络电压);形状参数β用于评价测量数据的散度,更高的β意味着更高的介电可靠性。
不同浓度复合涂层的闪络电压威布尔分布如图6所示。由于手指型电极两端间距相同,图6中威布尔分布线与纵坐标等于0时的交点的横坐标即可表示涂层表面沿面闪络电压,拟合直线的斜率可以表示测试过程中闪络电压的分布情况,斜率越大则分布越集中。
图6可以看出,无填料环氧的闪络电压为17.7 kV;当rSiO2=60%,gCNT=0.04时,即复合涂层4的闪络电压达到最大值,为24.3 kV,较无填料环氧提升了37.3%。由于表面电位衰减测试中各浓度试样的电位衰减速度及陷阱深度差距不大,分析认为闪络电压提升受陷阱能量的影响较小,而可能是受到试样表面粗糙度和复合纳米填料性质的影响。涂层表面的纳米级孔隙和微纳米级的分层特征有助于闪络电压的提升。其中,SiO2/MWCNTs涂层表面的微纳米颗粒延长了表面爬电距离,阻碍了电子雪崩的发展,对闪络电压的提升起积极作用[29]。且涂层的多孔结构孔径约为数百纳米,接近空气中的电子平均自由程,可以抑制闪络过程中的碰撞电离,进而有效地提高闪络电压。此外,在涂层材料中,载流子的导电路径为SiO2、MWCNTs、PDMS的串联连接,以及不同成分之间的界面。由于纳米填料具有较高的电导率,载流子在SiO2和MWCNTs填料内迁移,可以有效抑制涂层表面电荷积累,进而提高沿面闪络电压。
超疏水性的概念源于荷叶的自清洁作用[30],荷叶表面有层次的粗糙度是其具有超疏水性的主要原因[20]。户外绝缘子表面也需要具备荷叶效应以满足使用需求,即良好的疏水性。通常,接触角大于90°时称为疏水,其中接触角大于150°、滚动接触角小于10°时可认为表面具备超疏水效果。按照1.3.3所述试验步骤对涂层表面接触角进行测试,部分测试结果如图7所示。从图7可以看出,当SiO2添加量较少(rSiO2=15%)时,涂层接近达到超疏水效果,这是因为SiO2的加入影响了超疏水涂层中其与PDMS在基体表面的接枝。而碳纳米管的加入改变了基体表层的微观形貌,使得本来比较平滑的基体表面形成一些微米级的小突起,影响了涂层的表面结构,从而影响了表层的疏水性。由试验结果可知,涂层水接触角随填料浓度的增加变化趋势不明显,可推测均具有较好的表面自清洁能力,各浓度复合涂层均能满足户外绝缘材料超疏水的性能需求。
综合考虑2.2节及2.3节中所得出的结论,复合涂层4的直流沿面闪络电压最大,此时复合涂层的水接触角大于150°,能够达到户外绝缘子同时提升直流沿面闪络与超疏水性能的要求,基本满足材料性能提升的综合需求。
户外绝缘子普遍承受着降雨、积污、覆冰等因素的影响。本文以复合涂层4为例,研究了其自清洁能力,测试过程如图8所示。从图8可以看出,在涂层表面铺洒沙土模拟绝缘子的表面污垢,水滴以约5°的倾斜角滴在超疏水表面上可轻易地滚下来,同时带走了沉积在表面上的沙土,说明复合涂层4具有较好的自清洁能力。
本文研究了一种新型绝缘子复合绝缘涂层的制备方法,并分析了复合绝缘涂层的陷阱分布、沿面闪络电压和超疏水性能,得到如下结论:
(1)复合涂层具有较高的表面粗糙度,对沿面放电的发展有阻碍作用,闪络电压最高提升至24.3 kV,较无填料环氧提升了37.3%。
(2)复合涂层水接触角随SiO2与PDMS质量占比和MWCNTs质量的增大变化趋势不明显,不同浓度复合涂层的水接触角均在150°以上,同时复合涂层具有较好的自清洁能力。
(3)SiO2/MWCNTs/PDMS复合绝缘涂料附着于绝缘子表面形成复合绝缘涂层的方法操作灵活,成本低廉,能够同时提升直流沿面闪络电压及疏水性,可为今后工业大规模开发应用提供参考。
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.12.007
  • 接收时间:2024-03-20
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2024-12-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-20
  • 修回日期:2024-05-27
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    1新疆油田采油工艺研究院(监理公司),新疆 克拉玛依 834099
    2新疆油田基建工程部, 新疆 克拉玛依 834099
    3新疆油田新能源事业部,新疆 克拉玛依 834099
    4新疆油田玛湖勘探开发项目部,新疆 克拉玛依 834099
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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