Article(id=1210601628370079826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210601623135581115, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.10.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1698940800000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-03, revisedDate=1704211200000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766559520094, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1729353600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766559520094, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766559520094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766559520094, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210601623135581115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2024', volume='57', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='141', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766559518846, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766564021205, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210620507448275814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210601623135581115, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210620507448275815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210601623135581115, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=133, endPage=141, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210601628672069721, articleId=1210601628370079826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Dielectric functional gradient design of AC GIS/GIL insulator and research on expelling of metal particles, columnId=1190369198472794288, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Insulation Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Metal particle pollutants inside gas-insulated metal enclosed switchgear (GIS) equipment can cause severe electric field distortion, leading to surface discharge of insulators. This paper proposed a method of dielectrically functionally gradient insulator for suppressing metal particles. The electric field distribution around the basin insulator and the motion characteristics of metal particles were simulated. The results show that metal particles released from the shell are affected by the axial electric field force and tend to move towards the insulator. The permittivity distribution of the laminated functionally gradient (εL-FGM) insulator decreases in the radial direction, which can homogenize the electric field distribution along the insulator surface and drive away the metal particles by reversing the electric force with the axial electric field. However, the εL-FGM insulator enhances the electric field on the surface of the shell, and the jump height of metal particle is 2.7 times higher than those around the uniform insulator. Compared with εL-FGM insulator, the εT-FGM insulator with a spatial permittivity gradient, which designed based on the topology optimization, reduces the jump height of metal particles and performs better effect in regulating the electric field and expelling the particles.

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气体绝缘金属封闭开关(GIS)设备内部的金属微粒污染物会引起严重的电场畸变,进而诱发绝缘子沿面放电。针对此问题,本文提出一种介电功能梯度绝缘子的金属微粒驱离方法,仿真研究盆式绝缘子周围电场分布以及金属微粒运动特性。结果表明:GIS外壳表面释放的金属微粒受到轴向电场力作用,有朝着绝缘子运动的趋势。叠层式功能梯度(εL-FGM)绝缘子的介电常数沿径向递减,可在均匀沿面电场分布的同时,使金属微粒所受的电场力方向随轴向电场反转,让金属微粒远离绝缘子运动。然而,εL-FGM绝缘子GIS使外壳表面电场增强,使金属微粒运动高度较均匀绝缘子上增大约2.7倍。与εL-FGM绝缘子相比,基于拓扑优化算法设计的具有空间介电常数梯度的εT-FGM绝缘子减小了金属微粒跳跃高度,具有更佳的电场调控与微粒抑制效果。

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梁虎成(1992-),男(汉族),河南南阳人,副教授,主要从事高压GIL/GIS绝缘关键技术的研究。
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陈田(1986-),男(汉族),湖北黄冈人,高级工程师,主要从事电工材料与器件检测技术的研究。

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陈田(1986-),男(汉族),湖北黄冈人,高级工程师,主要从事电工材料与器件检测技术的研究。

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陈田(1986-),男(汉族),湖北黄冈人,高级工程师,主要从事电工材料与器件检测技术的研究。

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figureFileBig=E2VJFNaSaWirkZ5I4qztIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266781391700724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601628370079826, language=CN, label=图13, caption=金属微粒与绝缘子最小距离(凸面侧), figureFileSmall=Ar/pF1k7mXh5YaN/Dx5M7w==, figureFileBig=E2VJFNaSaWirkZ5I4qztIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266781479781115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601628370079826, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Characteristic parameters of electric field distributions along the insulator surface, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位绝缘子Et_max/(kV/mm)Et_mean/(kV/mm)f=Et_max/Et_mean
凹面均匀5.642.029 52.78
εL-FGM4.322.13
凸面均匀4.472.20
εL-FGM3.191.57
), ArticleFig(id=1218266781567861507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601628370079826, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

沿面切电场分布的特征参数

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部位绝缘子Et_max/(kV/mm)Et_mean/(kV/mm)f=Et_max/Et_mean
凹面均匀5.642.029 52.78
εL-FGM4.322.13
凸面均匀4.472.20
εL-FGM3.191.57
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交流GIS/GIL绝缘子介电功能梯度化设计与金属微粒驱离方法研究
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陈田 1 , 金洲玉 2 , 胡睿智 1 , 梁虎成 2 , 杜伯学 2
绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2024,57(10): 133-141
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绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2024, 57(10): 133-141
交流GIS/GIL绝缘子介电功能梯度化设计与金属微粒驱离方法研究
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陈田1, 金洲玉2, 胡睿智1, 梁虎成2, 杜伯学2
作者信息
  • 1国网江西省电力科学研究院,江西 南昌 330096
  • 2天津大学 电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津 300072
  • 陈田(1986-),男(汉族),湖北黄冈人,高级工程师,主要从事电工材料与器件检测技术的研究。

通讯作者:

梁虎成(1992-),男(汉族),河南南阳人,副教授,主要从事高压GIL/GIS绝缘关键技术的研究。
Dielectric functional gradient design of AC GIS/GIL insulator and research on expelling of metal particles
Tian CHEN1, Zhouyu JIN2, Ruizhi HU1, Hucheng LIANG2, Boxue DU2
Affiliations
  • 1State Grid Jiangxi Electric Power Research Institute, Nanchang 330096, China
  • 2School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
出版时间: 2024-10-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.10.017
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气体绝缘金属封闭开关(GIS)设备内部的金属微粒污染物会引起严重的电场畸变,进而诱发绝缘子沿面放电。针对此问题,本文提出一种介电功能梯度绝缘子的金属微粒驱离方法,仿真研究盆式绝缘子周围电场分布以及金属微粒运动特性。结果表明:GIS外壳表面释放的金属微粒受到轴向电场力作用,有朝着绝缘子运动的趋势。叠层式功能梯度(εL-FGM)绝缘子的介电常数沿径向递减,可在均匀沿面电场分布的同时,使金属微粒所受的电场力方向随轴向电场反转,让金属微粒远离绝缘子运动。然而,εL-FGM绝缘子GIS使外壳表面电场增强,使金属微粒运动高度较均匀绝缘子上增大约2.7倍。与εL-FGM绝缘子相比,基于拓扑优化算法设计的具有空间介电常数梯度的εT-FGM绝缘子减小了金属微粒跳跃高度,具有更佳的电场调控与微粒抑制效果。

GIS  /  GIL  /  功能梯度材料  /  沿面电场均化  /  金属微粒抑制  /  拓扑优化

Metal particle pollutants inside gas-insulated metal enclosed switchgear (GIS) equipment can cause severe electric field distortion, leading to surface discharge of insulators. This paper proposed a method of dielectrically functionally gradient insulator for suppressing metal particles. The electric field distribution around the basin insulator and the motion characteristics of metal particles were simulated. The results show that metal particles released from the shell are affected by the axial electric field force and tend to move towards the insulator. The permittivity distribution of the laminated functionally gradient (εL-FGM) insulator decreases in the radial direction, which can homogenize the electric field distribution along the insulator surface and drive away the metal particles by reversing the electric force with the axial electric field. However, the εL-FGM insulator enhances the electric field on the surface of the shell, and the jump height of metal particle is 2.7 times higher than those around the uniform insulator. Compared with εL-FGM insulator, the εT-FGM insulator with a spatial permittivity gradient, which designed based on the topology optimization, reduces the jump height of metal particles and performs better effect in regulating the electric field and expelling the particles.

GIS  /  GIL  /  functionally graded material  /  surface electric field homogenization  /  metal particle suppression  /  topology optimization
陈田, 金洲玉, 胡睿智, 梁虎成, 杜伯学. 交流GIS/GIL绝缘子介电功能梯度化设计与金属微粒驱离方法研究. 绝缘材料, 2024 , 57 (10) : 133 -141 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.10.017
Tian CHEN, Zhouyu JIN, Ruizhi HU, Hucheng LIANG, Boxue DU. Dielectric functional gradient design of AC GIS/GIL insulator and research on expelling of metal particles[J]. Insulating Materials, 2024 , 57 (10) : 133 -141 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.10.017
气体绝缘金属封闭开关(GIS)因具有占地面积小、运行可靠性高、维护周期长等优势,已广泛应用于国内外各电压等级的输变电工程[1-3]。气体绝缘输电线路(GIL)具有容量大、损耗低、环境适应能力强等特点,是穿山、过江、过海等特殊环境下电缆和架空线的理想替代品[4-5]。然而,在GIS/GIL生产、装配和运行过程中,不可避免地会因为震动、摩擦等因素产生金属微粒污染物[6]。金属微粒会加剧GIS/GIL电场畸变,导致六氟化硫(SF6)气体的绝缘强度降幅高达80%[7]。交流GIS故障统计表明,由金属微粒污染物造成的绝缘故障占比超过38%[8],是威胁我国GIS/GIL工程安全的重要隐患。
目前,常见的金属微粒抑制方法主要包括微粒捕捉器和电极覆膜两种方式。金属微粒捕捉器通常布置在绝缘子附近,通过在GIS外壳表面形成低电场区,使运动至此的金属微粒所受电场力小于重力,从而被陷阱捕获[9-10]。詹振宇等[11]研究表明,在绝缘子至屏蔽罩下方设置槽宽较大的栅格形陷阱及在管道其余部分设置宽度较大的条形陷阱,可达到最优的捕获效果。刘鹏等[12]提出了上提式微粒陷阱优化设计的约束条件,结合混沌粒子群算法,对陷阱结构进行优化,使微粒捕获率提升至74.16%。电极覆膜一般是对绝缘子附近20~30 cm范围内的外壳内壁涂覆厚度为0.03~0.50 mm的介质层,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。介质层可以阻碍绝缘气体中预放电的发展并提高气隙击穿电压和微粒启举所需的电场强度,是降低金属微粒活性的有效方法[13-14]。律方成等[15]分析了覆膜对空间电场分布、微粒表面电荷及其所受电场力的影响规律,揭示了电极覆膜提高微粒启举电压的内在原因。
由于微粒运动具有随机性,微粒捕捉器只能被动等待其掉入陷阱,无法主动收集金属微粒。此外,陷阱边缘产生的电场畸变也可能会削弱腔体内部的气体绝缘强度[16]。而电极覆膜的PET薄膜抗热性差,极易遭到破坏,此外,PET薄膜粘覆在电极表面会存在难以控制的气隙,影响其使用效果[17]
本团队前期研究表明,介电功能梯度绝缘子(FGM)不仅可以均化沿面电场分布,还可以调节绝缘子周围的空间电场强度及方向。因此,本文提出基于功能梯度绝缘子的金属微粒驱离方法,并以800 kV GIS/GIL为模型开展绝缘子介电功能梯度化设计及微粒运动特性分析。希望研究结果能为实现GIS/GIL金属微粒控制提供新思路,为解决高压电工装备金属微粒污染问题,提升设备运行可靠性提供参考。
图1为交流800 kV GIS/GIL的简化结构图,包括盆式绝缘子、外壳、导体以及SF6气体。在工频电压下,金属微粒受到交变电场力的作用,GIS/GIL内部电场分布可由麦克斯韦方程表示,如式(1)~(2)所示。
E=-V
(ε0εrE)=ρv
式(1)~(2)中:E为电场强度,V/m;V为电势,V;ρv为体电荷密度,C/m3ε0εr分别为真空介电常数和材料的相对介电常数。
交流800 kV GIS/GIL的单相交流电压为461.9 kV,单相交流电压最大值为635.1 kV,因此将导杆电压设置为635.1 kV,外壳接地。
以球形金属微粒为研究对象,金属微粒材料为铝,其半径和密度分别记为rAlρAl。金属微粒的运动过程受重力(G)、电场力(Fq)、电场梯度力(Fgrad)以及粘滞阻力(Fv)共同作用,其表达如式(3)~(6)所示。
G=(4/3)πrAl3gρAl
Fq=Εpq
Fgrad=2πrAl3ε0εrEp2
Fv=πrAl2ρg224Re+61+Re+0.4(vg-vp)2
式(3)~(6)中:g为重力加速度,m/s2Ep为金属微粒所在位置电场强度,kV/mm;q为金属微粒带电量,C;ρg为SF6气体密度,kg/m3Re为雷诺数;vg为SF6气体流速,m/s;vp为金属微粒运动速度,m/s。
金属微粒在运动过程中的动力学行为可表示为式(7)
43πrAl3ρAldvpdt=Fq+G+Fgrad+Fv
金属微粒与电极碰撞时会携带与电极极性相同的电荷,其每次碰撞带电量为q,如式(8)所示。
q±(t)=±2π3ε0εr|En|rAl2/3
式(8)中,En为金属微粒与电极发生碰撞时所处位置的法向电场,V/m。
金属微粒与导杆或外壳之间的碰撞过程并非弹性碰撞,存在一定的能量损失,因此引入恢复系数对碰撞后的切向和法向速度进行矫正,如式(9)所示。
v2n=-knv1nv2t=ktv1t
式(9)中:v1nv1t分别为碰撞前粒子速度的法向分量以及切向分量,m/s;v2nv2t为碰撞后粒子速度的法向分量以及切向分量,m/s;knkt分别代表法向以及切向的恢复系数。
本文利用静电场与流体粒子追踪模块对腔体内部电场、自由导电微粒运动进行耦合计算,仿真过程将导杆、外壳、金属微粒材质设置为铝,密度为2 700 kg/m3;将绝缘气体设置为SF6气体,相对介电常数为1.002,密度为6.088 kg/m3
均匀绝缘子与叠层式功能梯度(εL-FGM)绝缘子的介电常数设置如图2所示,其中均匀绝缘子的相对介电常数为5[18]。将层叠式εL-FGM绝缘子沿轴向划分为9个区域,相对介电常数沿轴向逐渐降低,导杆附近介电常数最高为11,外壳附近介电常数最低为2。在实践中,可以通过在环氧基体中掺入BaTiO3颗粒来提高材料的相对介电常数。相反,通过掺入空心SiO2颗粒,可以降低材料的相对介电常数。
图3为两种绝缘子沿面切向电场的分布情况。从图3可以看出,在导杆附近εL-FGM绝缘子凸面和凹面的沿面切向电场均有所降低,而在外壳附近则有所升高。表1列出了绝缘子沿面切向电场分布特征参数,其中f为切向电场不均匀系数,为最大切向场强(Et_max)与平均切向场强(Et_mean)之比。从表1可以看出,εL-FGM绝缘子凹面的Et_max为4.32 kV/mm,不均匀系数与均匀绝缘子相比降低了23.4%;凸面的Et_max为3.19 kV/mm,不均匀系数与均匀绝缘子相比降低了28.6%,证明εL-FGM绝缘子可以显著提高绝缘子沿面切向电场分布的均匀程度。而在r分别为173.5、200.2、226.9 mm处,εL-FGM绝缘子的凸面切向电场分布存在明显拐点,这是由于离散后的梯度绝缘子在界面处存在参数突变,导致沿面电场分布的跳跃畸变。
图4为绝缘子凹面侧不同位置金属微粒的运动轨迹,仿真时间设置为1 s,dz为金属微粒距绝缘子表面的初始距离。其中图4(a)所示为均匀绝缘子凹面侧不同位置释放的金属微粒运动轨迹,可以看出,不同位置释放的金属微粒均朝绝缘子运动。当微粒距离绝缘子5 mm时,在电场力驱动下,微粒会与绝缘子表面发生多次碰撞,并且多次运动到三结合点处。文献[19]研究表明,微粒在三结合点处时,绝缘子的沿面闪络电压将大幅降低,严重威胁GIS/GIL的安全运行。
图4(b)εL-FGM绝缘子凹面侧不同位置释放的金属微粒运动轨迹,可以看出,任意位置释放的金属微粒均远离绝缘子,这与均匀绝缘子附近的微粒运动趋势完全相反。并且,释放的金属微粒越靠近绝缘子,其被驱离的速度越快。此外,实验观察到均匀绝缘子或εL-FGM绝缘子周围的金属微粒运动轨迹,实验结果与仿真结果一致。
图5为绝缘子凹面侧沿路径1(距离外壳表面20 mm)和路径2(距离外壳表面10 mm)计算得到的初始时刻轴向电场分布,初始相位φ为90°。定义指向绝缘子的方向为正方向。从图5可以看出,均匀绝缘子凹面侧的轴向电场方向为正,从微粒运动轨迹来看,这种电场分布极易引导金属微粒朝绝缘子运动。而对于εL-FGM绝缘子,其轴向电场分量均为负值,轴向电场与均匀绝缘子的反向,此时金属微粒运动趋势表现为远离绝缘子。因此,轴向电场的反转是金属微粒产生两种相反运动模式的主要因素,这与金属微粒的尺寸无关。理论上,只要金属微粒能从外壳表面启举,εL-FGM绝缘子就可以起到驱离金属微粒的作用。
图6为距绝缘子30 mm处释放金属微粒的跳跃高度与电荷量变化。由于εL-FGM绝缘子加强了外壳附近的电场强度,根据式(4),金属微粒的最大带电量增大,电荷量变化范围更广。同时,相较于均匀绝缘子,εL-FGM绝缘子使金属微粒的跳跃高度增大,最大跳跃高度约为均匀绝缘子的3倍。
图7是绝缘子凸面侧不同位置金属微粒的运动轨迹。图7(a)为均匀绝缘子凸面侧不同位置释放的金属微粒运动轨迹,可以看出,绝缘子凸面侧的金属微粒存在两个运动方向相反的区域。在距离绝缘子较近的区域,金属微粒朝向绝缘子运动;而在远离绝缘子的区域,金属微粒远离绝缘子运动,二者的分界线在距绝缘子32 mm处。在GIL/GIS运行过程中,如果有金属微粒掉落在I区,其在电场力驱动下会朝绝缘子运动,并与绝缘子发生多次碰撞,产生安全隐患。
图7(b)εL-FGM绝缘子凸面附近金属微粒的运动轨迹,可以看出,在绝缘子凸面的任何区域,金属微粒总是远离绝缘子运动。并且金属微粒的运动速度较快,1 s左右便到达仿真模型边界。然而,εL-FGM绝缘子在外壳附近具有较低的介电常数,使外壳附近的径向电场增强,导致金属微粒的运动高度显著增加。在dz=15 mm处金属微粒与εL-FGM绝缘子发生碰撞;在dz=40 mm处均匀绝缘子附近金属微粒最高跳跃高度为37 mm,εL-FGM绝缘子附近金属微粒最高跳跃高度为62 mm,最高跳跃高度增大了约67%;在dz=70 mm处在均匀绝缘子与εL-FGM绝缘子附近金属微粒最高跳跃高度分别为16 mm和59 mm,最高跳跃高度增大了约2.7倍。
叠层式εL-FGM绝缘子在均匀沿面电场分布的同时,加强了外壳附近的径向电场强度,导致凸面侧金属微粒的运动高度大幅增加,这是弊端。本文采用拓扑优化算法[20],对绝缘子介电梯度进行设计,进一步改善其电场均化与金属微粒抑制效果。
采用变密度拓扑优化方法对绝缘子的介电常数分布进行逐点式优化设计,将绝缘子分割成若干个三角形离散单元,并采用虚拟密度ρ替代ε进行计算,如式(10)所示。
εi=εmax-εminρip+εmin    i=1,2,,n
式(10)中:εiρi分别为第i个单元内的相对介电常数和虚拟密度,0<ρi<1;参数p满足p>0;εminεmax分别为介电常数约束范围的下限和上限,分别设置为4和24。
在目标函数中引入梯度惩罚项fgrad,抑制棋盘格、细小分枝、锯齿状边界等数值不稳定现象,如式(11)所示。
fgrad=hmesh2AΩ1ρr2+ρz2dΩ
式(11)中:hmesh为网格最大单元长度,mm;A为盆式绝缘子截面积,m2Ω为绝缘子优化区域。
综上,可以得到基于变密度方法的逐点式介电梯度的拓扑优化表达式,如式(12)所示。
findρ={ρ1, ρ2,, ρi, ρn} 0<ρmin(ρi1,  i=1,2,,n)min F=fa+fb+fc+fd+qfgrad      =waCrefΩ2(E-Emean)2dΩ+wb(ETJETJ0)         +wcCaxialΩ3-VzdΩ+wdCql1Edl          +qhmesh2AΩ1ρr2+ρz2dΩ             q>0,0wa, wb, wc, wd1s.t. ε=εmax-εminρip+εmax  p>0
式(12)中:l为沿外壳内表面的积分路径;fa为表征电场均匀度的子目标函数;fb为表征三结合点附近电场强度的子目标函数;fc为表征绝缘子凹面侧轴向电场分布的子目标函数;fd为表征限制绝缘子凸面侧外壳表面电场强度的子目标函数;wawd为各个子目标的权重因子,wawbwcwd分别设置为0.3、0.2、0.4、0.1;Cref、Caxial、Cq为均一化系数;Emean为平均电场强度,其值为2.64 kV/mm;ETJ为实际三结合点处电场强度,kV/mm;ETJ0为三结合点处优化目标的电场强度,其值为2.64 kV/mm。
图8为拓扑优化后绝缘子(εT-FGM)的介电常数分布。从图8可以看出,两处介电常数较高的区域分别位于绝缘子凹面高压三结合点和接地侧拐角附近。在实践中,可以通过将3D打印技术与传统浇注方法结合来制备εT-FGM绝缘子。首先,利用3D打印技术制造高介电区域,然后将其嵌入模具,最后采用传统的浇筑工艺制备余下的低介电区域[21]
图9为3种绝缘子周围的电场分布云图。从图9可以看出,均匀绝缘子三结合点处的最大电场强度为5.71 kV/mm,而εL-FGM绝缘子三结合点处的最大电场强度为4.38 kV/mm,降低了23.3%,εT-FGM绝缘子三结合点处的最大电场强度为4.18 kV/mm,降低了26.8%。两种梯度绝缘子均改变了凹面附近电场线分布(圆圈标记处),使用均匀绝缘子时电场线向绝缘子弯曲,而使用另外两种梯度绝缘子时,电场线逆向偏转,背离绝缘子弯曲。
图10为初始时刻沿路径1计算的轴向电场分布。从图10可以看出,拓扑优化后εT-FGM绝缘子的轴向电场方向与均匀绝缘子相反,且幅值大于εL-FGM绝缘子,意味着εT-FGM绝缘子具有更佳的金属微粒驱离效果。
图11为绝缘子凸面侧外壳表面径向电场分布。从图11可以看出,εL-FGM绝缘子周围的径向电场强度最高,约为2.61 kV/mm,较均匀绝缘子最大径向电场强度1.67 kV/mm提高了56%。而εT-FGM绝缘子周围的最大径向电场强度为1.98 kV/mm,仅为均匀绝缘子的1.16倍。并且在z > -100 mm的区域,εT-FGM绝缘子的径向电场强度与均匀绝缘子相当,可以有效解决εL-FGM绝缘子凸面侧金属微粒运动高度过大的问题。
图12εT-FGM绝缘子附近释放金属微粒的运动轨迹。从图12可以看出,εT-FGM绝缘子展现出与εL-FGM绝缘子相当的金属微粒驱离效果,任意位置释放的金属微粒均朝着远离绝缘子的方向运动。此外,由于εT-FGM绝缘子附近外壳表面的电场强度较εT-FGM绝缘子有所降低,金属微粒的运动高度大幅下降,其与绝缘子表面发生碰撞的概率降低。
图13为运动过程中金属微粒与绝缘子凸面的最小距离。对于dz=15 mm处释放的金属微粒,其与均匀绝缘子和εL-FGM绝缘子表面均发生碰撞,而与εT-FGM绝缘子表面依然保持5.2 mm的距离。对于dz=40 mm和dz=70 mm处释放的金属微粒,其与εT-FGM绝缘子的最小距离与均匀绝缘子相当,且远大于εL-FGM绝缘子,证明εT-FGM绝缘子具有更优异的金属微粒抑制效果。
(1)均匀绝缘子三结合点处电场强度为5.71 kV/mm,沿面电场不均匀系数为2.78(凹面)、2.20(凸面);在其周围释放的金属微粒受到轴向电场力的作用,有朝着绝缘子运动的趋势。
(2)与均匀绝缘子相比,εL-FGM绝缘子的沿面电场不均匀系数降低了23.4%(凸面)和28.6%(凹面);εL-FGM绝缘子使金属微粒所受的轴向电场力反向,使金属微粒远离绝缘子;同时,其增强了GIS外壳表面电场,使金属微粒的运动高度最大提高约2.7倍。
(3)采用拓扑优化算法设计了具有空间介电梯度的εT-FGM绝缘子,其轴向电场方向与均匀绝缘子相反,且幅值大于εL-FGM绝缘子,加快了金属微粒驱离速度;同时,拓扑优化εT-FGM绝缘子降低了GIS外壳表面径向电场强度及金属微粒运动高度,使金属微粒与绝缘子碰撞的概率降低。
  • 国网江西省电力有限公司科技项目(521820220003)
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2024年第57卷第10期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.10.017
  • 接收时间:2023-11-03
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2024-10-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-03
  • 修回日期:2024-01-03
基金
国网江西省电力有限公司科技项目(521820220003)
作者信息
    1国网江西省电力科学研究院,江西 南昌 330096
    2天津大学 电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津 300072

通讯作者:

梁虎成(1992-),男(汉族),河南南阳人,副教授,主要从事高压GIL/GIS绝缘关键技术的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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