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Article(id=1210601626457477190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210601623135581115, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.10.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1713196800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-16, revisedDate=1716825600000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766559519638, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1729353600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766559519638, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766559519638, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766559519638, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210601623135581115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2024', volume='57', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='141', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766559518846, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766564021205, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210620507448275814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210601623135581115, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210620507448275815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210601623135581115, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=68, endPage=77, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210601628814676064, articleId=1210601626457477190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Synthesis and properties of alkynyl-terminated fluorinated poly(imide siloxane) resins, columnId=1203281640207393262, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Special Issue on High Performance Polyimide Materials, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the solubility and meltability of polyimide (PI), a series of addition thermosetting fluorinated poly(imide-siloxane) copolymer resins (ABIS) were prepared from two kinds of synthesized trifluoromethyl-containing aromatic diamine monomers and 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTDA), besides, aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (APPS) was chosen as flexible segment, and 3-aminophenyl acetylene (APA) was used as reactive end-capping agent. The structure of ABISs were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The solubility, rheological behavior of ABIS and the thermal stability of the cured ABIS were further studied. Moreover, ABIS films were prepared by solution filming, and their physical properties were studied. ABIS resin matrix composites (T300CF/ABIS) were prepared by hot pressing using T300 carbon cloth as reinforcement, and their mechanical properties were also tested. The results show that the introduction of siloxane segment and trifluoromethyl group can significantly increase the flowability and solubility of PI resin systems. The introduction of fluorinated diamine decreases the 5% weight loss temperature (Td5) of the cured ABIS, but its Td5 is still higher than 425℃. At the same time, the residual yield at 800℃ (Yr800℃) of ABIS resins reach 26%. The tensile strength and elongation at break of ABIS films are as high as 15.8 MPa and 65.3%, respectively. In the frequency range of 40 Hz-107 Hz, the dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss factor (tanδ) of the PI films are 3.21 and 0.01, respectively, which keep unchanged basically. The contact angle of water on the cured ABIS film is 94°. The flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of T300CF/ABIS composites can be 137.6 MPa and 16.6 MPa, respectively. The synthesized ABIS resin has promising applications in microelectronic devices and flexible heat-protective composites.

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为改善聚酰亚胺（PI）的溶解性和可融性，合成了两种含三氟甲基的芳香二胺单体，并以3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐（BTDA）作为二酐单体，选用端氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷（APPS）作为柔性链单元，间氨基苯乙炔（APA）作为活性封端剂，制备得到一系列加成型热固性含氟聚(酰亚胺-硅氧烷)共聚树脂（ABIS）。用核磁共振氢谱和红外表征ABIS的结构，并研究其溶解性、流变特性和固化后的热稳定性。用溶液成膜法制备了ABIS薄膜，研究了薄膜的物理特性。用热压法以T300碳布作为增强体制备了ABIS树脂基复合材料（T300CF/ABIS），并对其力学性能进行了探究。结果表明：硅氧烷链段和三氟甲基的引入可以显著提升PI树脂体系的流动性和溶解性。引入含氟芳香二胺后虽然ABIS固化树脂的5%热失重温度（Td5）有所降低，但仍超过425℃，800℃下的残留率（Yr800℃）达到26%。ABIS薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别高达15.8 MPa和65.3%，在40～107 Hz下的介电常数（ε）和介质损耗因数（tanδ）分别约为3.21和0.01且基本不变，超纯水在ABIS膜表面的接触角为94°。T300CF/ABIS复合材料的弯曲强度和层间剪切强度（ILSS）分别高达137.6 MPa和16.6 MPa。本研究制备的ABIS树脂有望在微电子器件和柔性防热复合材料中获得应用。

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袁荞龙（1964-），男（汉族），江苏常州人，教授，主要从事有机无机杂化高性能材料制备与应用的研究。
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喻文章（2000-），女（汉族），四川达州人，硕士生，主要从事有机硅和含氟单体改性聚酰亚胺树脂制备与性能的研究。

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喻文章（2000-），女（汉族），四川达州人，硕士生，主要从事有机硅和含氟单体改性聚酰亚胺树脂制备与性能的研究。

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喻文章（2000-），女（汉族），四川达州人，硕士生，主要从事有机硅和含氟单体改性聚酰亚胺树脂制备与性能的研究。

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Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2018,57(21):7090-7098., articleTitle=Facilely synthesizing ethynyl terminated all-aromatic liquid crystalline poly(esterimide)s with good processability and thermal resistance under medium-Low temperature via direct esterification, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218266790363320865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=5, issue=11, pageStart=9337, pageEnd=9345, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=40, authorNames=ZHOUZ, SHENG, HUANGX, journalName=ACS Applied Polymer Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOUZ, SHENG, HUANGX, et al. Preparation and properties of low internal stress polyimide-b-polysiloxane with a hyperbranched structure[J]. ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2023,5(11):9337-9345., articleTitle=Preparation and properties of low internal stress polyimide-b-polysiloxane with a hyperbranched structure, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1218266785233686929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, awardId=JKD01241701, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(JKD01241701), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218266776937353303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218266776945741912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, companyId=1218266776937353303, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218266776949936217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, companyId=1218266776937353303, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=华东理工大学 材料科学与工程学院 特种功能高分子材料及相关技术教育部重点实验室，上海 200237)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1218266780296990953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Synthetic route of fluorinated aromatic diamines, figureFileSmall=11nR/5imDDudo1i1vdNWpw==, figureFileBig=BYpYPvCNGhWtEYBB78ndNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266780431208684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=图1, caption=含氟二胺单体的合成路线, figureFileSmall=11nR/5imDDudo1i1vdNWpw==, figureFileBig=BYpYPvCNGhWtEYBB78ndNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266780573815025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Synthetic routes of ABIS resins, figureFileSmall=Tkj9cf3J8jjt10xCQUY4Ag==, figureFileBig=twNNKj9BmdTPeZg/xzPSYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266780741587194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=图2, caption=ABIS树脂的合成路线, figureFileSmall=Tkj9cf3J8jjt10xCQUY4Ag==, figureFileBig=twNNKj9BmdTPeZg/xzPSYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266780821278974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=1H NMR spectra of ABIS resins, figureFileSmall=sOTEWpr9rdFAc9JMy6HxRg==, figureFileBig=IQnR5ezetSYaUqQOHYMUZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266780921942276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=图3, caption=ABIS树脂的1H NMR谱图, figureFileSmall=sOTEWpr9rdFAc9JMy6HxRg==, figureFileBig=IQnR5ezetSYaUqQOHYMUZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266781018411274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=FTIR spectra of ABIS resins, figureFileSmall=XzQHw1ifXPTMKJHVoVOExQ==, figureFileBig=w5/GSqT2biDNA1VG0bJrAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266781140046096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=图4, caption=ABIS树脂的FTIR谱图, figureFileSmall=XzQHw1ifXPTMKJHVoVOExQ==, figureFileBig=w5/GSqT2biDNA1VG0bJrAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266781278458132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Viscosity-temperature curves of ABIS resins, figureFileSmall=sUlzpb4iRskfNi4QwgH0cQ==, figureFileBig=s9kaCTtHHLSO0o39X/O25g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266781400092953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=图5, caption=ABIS树脂的黏温曲线, figureFileSmall=sUlzpb4iRskfNi4QwgH0cQ==, figureFileBig=s9kaCTtHHLSO0o39X/O25g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266781509144860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=DSC curves of ABIS resins, figureFileSmall=yYUmnQGH6R8U2pQeSCQf6g==, figureFileBig=bRc4uL4Nmr1aCV2rXowHgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266781609808160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=图6, caption=ABIS树脂的DSC曲线, figureFileSmall=yYUmnQGH6R8U2pQeSCQf6g==, figureFileBig=bRc4uL4Nmr1aCV2rXowHgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266781697888550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=TGA curves of the cured ABIS resins in N2, figureFileSmall=XOGTp/y0rtu4of7J0EYtVw==, figureFileBig=95mqbYEYLvsuI2w4SkbXTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266781790163244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=图7, caption=ABIS树脂固化物在氮气中的TGA曲线, figureFileSmall=XOGTp/y0rtu4of7J0EYtVw==, figureFileBig=95mqbYEYLvsuI2w4SkbXTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266781895020846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Stress-strain curves of ABIS32 and ABIS32-BAFPP10 films, figureFileSmall=tNaC/T6oJDlERmEcSe7F2A==, figureFileBig=DGOllIis8hu8ssWiIVGgdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266782012461361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=图8, caption=ABIS32和ABIS32-BAFPP10薄膜的应力应变曲线, figureFileSmall=tNaC/T6oJDlERmEcSe7F2A==, figureFileBig=DGOllIis8hu8ssWiIVGgdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266782100541749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Dielectric spectra of ABIS32 and ABIS32-BAFPP10 films, figureFileSmall=HDTq4P/K6T1a78VGSi264g==, figureFileBig=1J41vnA4O4w7sWZ/h4MjvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266782176039228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=图9, caption=ABIS32和ABIS32-BAFPP10薄膜的介电频谱图, figureFileSmall=HDTq4P/K6T1a78VGSi264g==, figureFileBig=1J41vnA4O4w7sWZ/h4MjvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266782272508224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Water contact angle photos of ABIS32 and ABIS32-BAFPP10 films, figureFileSmall=9Mb3UuxH8eCbauEYjHcfEQ==, figureFileBig=ql8TemT2278kT9rwivjb0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266782364782917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=图10, caption=ABIS32和ABIS32-BAFPP10薄膜的水接触角照片, figureFileSmall=9Mb3UuxH8eCbauEYjHcfEQ==, figureFileBig=ql8TemT2278kT9rwivjb0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266782444474697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=DMA curves of T300CF/ABIS composites, figureFileSmall=9lA1HGfFR9FSg8z0uCvUyg==, figureFileBig=z57ZSuCYOhQzwB2HTsH4Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266782536749390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=图11, caption=T300CF/ABIS复合材料的DMA曲线, figureFileSmall=9lA1HGfFR9FSg8z0uCvUyg==, figureFileBig=z57ZSuCYOhQzwB2HTsH4Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218266782624829776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Nomenclature and monomer molar ratio, molecular weight and its distribution of ABIS resins, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品n(BTDA)∶n(APPS)∶n(BAPP/BAFPP/BAFFP)∶n(APA)Mn/(g/mol)Mw/(g/mol)PDI
ABIS323.0∶2.0∶0∶2.02 0405 9002.89
ABIS32-BAPP103.0∶1.8∶0.2∶2.01 7704 1002.32
ABIS32-BAFPP103.0∶1.8∶0.2∶2.01 9204 4002.29
ABIS32-BAFFP103.0∶1.8∶0.2∶2.01 8204 2902.36
ABIS32-BAPP203.0∶1.6∶0.4∶2.02 1004 9302.34
ABIS32-BAFPP203.0∶1.6∶0.4∶2.01 7804 0502.28
ABIS32-BAFFP203.0∶1.6∶0.4∶2.01 8604 2102.26
ABIS32-BAPP303.0∶1.4∶0.6∶2.02 0404 4602.19
ABIS32-BAFPP303.0∶1.4∶0.6∶2.02 0304 5702.25
ABIS32-BAFFP303.0∶1.4∶0.6∶2.02 0104 3502.16
), ArticleFig(id=1218266782704521556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

ABIS树脂的命名、单体摩尔比和分子量及其分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品n(BTDA)∶n(APPS)∶n(BAPP/BAFPP/BAFFP)∶n(APA)Mn/(g/mol)Mw/(g/mol)PDI
ABIS323.0∶2.0∶0∶2.02 0405 9002.89
ABIS32-BAPP103.0∶1.8∶0.2∶2.01 7704 1002.32
ABIS32-BAFPP103.0∶1.8∶0.2∶2.01 9204 4002.29
ABIS32-BAFFP103.0∶1.8∶0.2∶2.01 8204 2902.36
ABIS32-BAPP203.0∶1.6∶0.4∶2.02 1004 9302.34
ABIS32-BAFPP203.0∶1.6∶0.4∶2.01 7804 0502.28
ABIS32-BAFFP203.0∶1.6∶0.4∶2.01 8604 2102.26
ABIS32-BAPP303.0∶1.4∶0.6∶2.02 0404 4602.19
ABIS32-BAFPP303.0∶1.4∶0.6∶2.02 0304 5702.25
ABIS32-BAFFP303.0∶1.4∶0.6∶2.02 0104 3502.16
), ArticleFig(id=1218266782800990553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Melt temperature, minimum viscosity, and gel time of ABIS resins, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Tm/℃最低熔体黏度/(Pa·s)凝胶时间/min
ABIS321908(197℃℃)25(220℃)
ABIS32-BAPP1022022 400(219℃)15(220℃)
ABIS32-BAFPP101906 180(195℃)23(220℃)
ABIS32-BAFFP101905 070(197℃)22(220℃)
ABIS32-BAPP2023038 600(228℃)2(230℃)
ABIS32-BAFPP20220333(221℃)16(220℃)
ABIS32-BAFFP20220133(221℃)15(220℃)
ABIS32-BAPP30———
ABIS32-BAFPP30230628(234℃)11(230℃)
ABIS32-BAFFP302305(227℃)8(230℃)
), ArticleFig(id=1218266782880682331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

ABIS树脂的熔融温度、最低黏度及凝胶时间

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Tm/℃最低熔体黏度/(Pa·s)凝胶时间/min
ABIS321908(197℃℃)25(220℃)
ABIS32-BAPP1022022 400(219℃)15(220℃)
ABIS32-BAFPP101906 180(195℃)23(220℃)
ABIS32-BAFFP101905 070(197℃)22(220℃)
ABIS32-BAPP2023038 600(228℃)2(230℃)
ABIS32-BAFPP20220333(221℃)16(220℃)
ABIS32-BAFFP20220133(221℃)15(220℃)
ABIS32-BAPP30———
ABIS32-BAFPP30230628(234℃)11(230℃)
ABIS32-BAFFP302305(227℃)8(230℃)
), ArticleFig(id=1218266782985539938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Solubility of ABIS resins, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
溶剂ABIS32ABIS32-BAPP20

ABIS32-

BAPP30

ABIS32-

BAFPP30

ABIS32-

BAFFP30

NMP+++++
DMF---++
DMAC+--++
THF++-++
DMSO-----
CH2Cl2++-++
甲醇-----
乙醇-----
甲苯-----
丙酮+----
乙酸乙酯-----
二噁烷++-++
乙腈-----
), ArticleFig(id=1218266783073620328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ABIS树脂的溶解性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
溶剂ABIS32ABIS32-BAPP20

ABIS32-

BAPP30

ABIS32-

BAFPP30

ABIS32-

BAFFP30

NMP+++++
DMF---++
DMAC+--++
THF++-++
DMSO-----
CH2Cl2++-++
甲醇-----
乙醇-----
甲苯-----
丙酮+----
乙酸乙酯-----
二噁烷++-++
乙腈-----
), ArticleFig(id=1218266783191060843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=DSC data of ABIS resins, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂Tm/℃Ti/℃Tp/℃Tf/℃ΔH/(J/g)ΔHc/(J/g)
ABIS321782112683631110
ABIS32-BAPP10—20127832417329
ABIS32-BAFPP10204214268308636
ABIS32-BAFFP101972042713319818
ABIS32-BAPP20—2192913508014
ABIS32-BAFPP2020321226432411914
ABIS32-BAFFP202012062673331470
ABIS32-BAPP30—197264、30235310716
ABIS32-BAFPP30204218273310860
ABIS32-BAFFP3020220926032614024
), ArticleFig(id=1218266783279141231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

ABIS树脂的DSC曲线数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂Tm/℃Ti/℃Tp/℃Tf/℃ΔH/(J/g)ΔHc/(J/g)
ABIS321782112683631110
ABIS32-BAPP10—20127832417329
ABIS32-BAFPP10204214268308636
ABIS32-BAFFP101972042713319818
ABIS32-BAPP20—2192913508014
ABIS32-BAFPP2020321226432411914
ABIS32-BAFFP202012062673331470
ABIS32-BAPP30—197264、30235310716
ABIS32-BAFPP30204218273310860
ABIS32-BAFFP3020220926032614024
), ArticleFig(id=1218266783400776052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=TGA data of cured ABIS resins in N2, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
固化树脂Td5/℃Tmax/℃Yr800℃/%
ABIS3245950617.5
ABIS32-BAPP1043750223.0
ABIS32-BAFPP1044550318.9
ABIS32-BAFFP1044850518.5
ABIS32-BAPP2043350126.1
ABIS32-BAFPP2042849823.4
ABIS32-BAFFP2042750726.1
ABIS32-BAPP3044750429.1
ABIS32-BAFPP3043349627.2
ABIS32-BAFFP3044549827.4
), ArticleFig(id=1218266783518216572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

ABIS树脂固化物在氮气中的TGA数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
固化树脂Td5/℃Tmax/℃Yr800℃/%
ABIS3245950617.5
ABIS32-BAPP1043750223.0
ABIS32-BAFPP1044550318.9
ABIS32-BAFFP1044850518.5
ABIS32-BAPP2043350126.1
ABIS32-BAFPP2042849823.4
ABIS32-BAFFP2042750726.1
ABIS32-BAPP3044750429.1
ABIS32-BAFPP3043349627.2
ABIS32-BAFFP3044549827.4
), ArticleFig(id=1218266784772313471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=Tensile properties of ABIS32 and ABIS32-BAFPP10 films, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜拉伸强度/MPa杨氏模量/GPa断裂伸长率/%
ABIS329.50.565.3
ABIS32-BAFPP1015.81.245.3
), ArticleFig(id=1218266784843616643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

ABIS32和ABIS32-BAFPP10薄膜的拉伸性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜拉伸强度/MPa杨氏模量/GPa断裂伸长率/%
ABIS329.50.565.3
ABIS32-BAFPP1015.81.245.3
), ArticleFig(id=1218266784935891334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=Mechanical properties of T300CF/ABIS composites at room temperature, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
复合材料弯曲强度/MPa弯曲模量/GPaILSS/MPa
T300CF/ABIS32129.0±12.7124.4±3.5016.6±2.03
T300CF/ABIS32-BAFPP10137.6±10.9320.1±2.7210.8±1.98
), ArticleFig(id=1218266785028166026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210601626457477190, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

T300CF/ABISs复合材料在常温下的力学性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
复合材料弯曲强度/MPa弯曲模量/GPaILSS/MPa
T300CF/ABIS32129.0±12.7124.4±3.5016.6±2.03
T300CF/ABIS32-BAFPP10137.6±10.9320.1±2.7210.8±1.98
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端炔基含氟聚（酰亚胺-硅氧烷）的合成及其性能研究
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喻文章 , 袁荞龙
绝缘材料 | 高性能聚酰亚胺材料专题 2024,57(10): 68-77
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绝缘材料 | 高性能聚酰亚胺材料专题 2024, 57(10): 68-77
端炔基含氟聚（酰亚胺-硅氧烷）的合成及其性能研究
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喻文章, 袁荞龙
作者信息
  • 华东理工大学 材料科学与工程学院 特种功能高分子材料及相关技术教育部重点实验室，上海 200237

    • 喻文章（2000-），女（汉族），四川达州人，硕士生，主要从事有机硅和含氟单体改性聚酰亚胺树脂制备与性能的研究。

通讯作者:

袁荞龙（1964-），男（汉族），江苏常州人，教授，主要从事有机无机杂化高性能材料制备与应用的研究。
Synthesis and properties of alkynyl-terminated fluorinated poly(imide siloxane) resins
Wenzhang YU, Qiaolong YUAN
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
出版时间: 2024-10-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.10.009
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摘要
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为改善聚酰亚胺（PI）的溶解性和可融性，合成了两种含三氟甲基的芳香二胺单体，并以3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐（BTDA）作为二酐单体，选用端氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷（APPS）作为柔性链单元，间氨基苯乙炔（APA）作为活性封端剂，制备得到一系列加成型热固性含氟聚(酰亚胺-硅氧烷)共聚树脂（ABIS）。用核磁共振氢谱和红外表征ABIS的结构，并研究其溶解性、流变特性和固化后的热稳定性。用溶液成膜法制备了ABIS薄膜，研究了薄膜的物理特性。用热压法以T300碳布作为增强体制备了ABIS树脂基复合材料（T300CF/ABIS），并对其力学性能进行了探究。结果表明：硅氧烷链段和三氟甲基的引入可以显著提升PI树脂体系的流动性和溶解性。引入含氟芳香二胺后虽然ABIS固化树脂的5%热失重温度（Td5）有所降低，但仍超过425℃，800℃下的残留率（Yr800℃）达到26%。ABIS薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别高达15.8 MPa和65.3%，在40～107 Hz下的介电常数（ε）和介质损耗因数（tanδ）分别约为3.21和0.01且基本不变，超纯水在ABIS膜表面的接触角为94°。T300CF/ABIS复合材料的弯曲强度和层间剪切强度（ILSS）分别高达137.6 MPa和16.6 MPa。本研究制备的ABIS树脂有望在微电子器件和柔性防热复合材料中获得应用。

聚（酰亚胺-硅氧烷）  /  含氟共聚树脂  /  溶解性  /  可融性  /  热性能  /  物理性能  /  复合材料

In order to improve the solubility and meltability of polyimide (PI), a series of addition thermosetting fluorinated poly(imide-siloxane) copolymer resins (ABIS) were prepared from two kinds of synthesized trifluoromethyl-containing aromatic diamine monomers and 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTDA), besides, aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (APPS) was chosen as flexible segment, and 3-aminophenyl acetylene (APA) was used as reactive end-capping agent. The structure of ABISs were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The solubility, rheological behavior of ABIS and the thermal stability of the cured ABIS were further studied. Moreover, ABIS films were prepared by solution filming, and their physical properties were studied. ABIS resin matrix composites (T300CF/ABIS) were prepared by hot pressing using T300 carbon cloth as reinforcement, and their mechanical properties were also tested. The results show that the introduction of siloxane segment and trifluoromethyl group can significantly increase the flowability and solubility of PI resin systems. The introduction of fluorinated diamine decreases the 5% weight loss temperature (Td5) of the cured ABIS, but its Td5 is still higher than 425℃. At the same time, the residual yield at 800℃ (Yr800℃) of ABIS resins reach 26%. The tensile strength and elongation at break of ABIS films are as high as 15.8 MPa and 65.3%, respectively. In the frequency range of 40 Hz-107 Hz, the dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss factor (tanδ) of the PI films are 3.21 and 0.01, respectively, which keep unchanged basically. The contact angle of water on the cured ABIS film is 94°. The flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of T300CF/ABIS composites can be 137.6 MPa and 16.6 MPa, respectively. The synthesized ABIS resin has promising applications in microelectronic devices and flexible heat-protective composites.

poly(imide siloxane)  /  fluorinated copolymer resin  /  solubility  /  meltability  /  thermal property  /  physical property  /  composite
喻文章, 袁荞龙. 端炔基含氟聚（酰亚胺-硅氧烷）的合成及其性能研究. 绝缘材料, 2024 , 57 (10) : 68 -77 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.10.009
Wenzhang YU, Qiaolong YUAN. Synthesis and properties of alkynyl-terminated fluorinated poly(imide siloxane) resins[J]. Insulating Materials, 2024 , 57 (10) : 68 -77 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.10.009
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0 引言
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聚酰亚胺（PI）是一类分子链中含有酰亚胺环的高分子材料，通常由二元胺与二元酐缩聚而成。凭借杰出的热稳定性、力学性能以及优良的介电特性，PI在航空航天和电子电气[1-2]等领域发挥了特有的作用。特别是PI基复合材料，因具有优异的耐高温能力，已在航空发动机和空天飞行器的制造中得到了应用[3-7]。然而，PI的熔体流动性较差，溶解性不佳，以及在加工过程中挥发性物质的释放，导致其加工性能不足，制约了其应用的进一步扩展。聚酰亚胺的性能在很大程度上取决于其单体的结构[8]，可通过合成新型单体，引入柔性链段赋予其良好的溶解性和易加工成型特性，实现其性能的优化和应用领域的扩展[9-11]。
引入含氟基团到PI主链中是一种常见的改性手段[12-16]。大体积侧基可以增大分子链间距，从而降低分子间的堆砌密度和作用力，这种结构上的调整在保持PI良好耐热性的同时，可显著改善PI的溶解性。陈晓玲等[17]将含有两个三氟甲基的二胺与商用二酐缩聚制备出一系列含氟苯醚型PI薄膜，该薄膜表现出较优的热稳定性和力学性能，玻璃化转变温度（Tg）高达247℃，800℃下的残留率（Yr800℃）高达56%，拉伸强度最高可达84 MPa。HU K等[18]合成了一种含有6个三氟甲基的新型二胺，与含氟芳香二酐和脂环二酐反应制备了溶解度优异的PI，同时该PI表现出良好的耐高温性能（5%热分解温度（Td5）＞470℃）。鲁云华等[19]合成一种含有芴基、三氟甲基以及苯醚键的二胺单体，与二酐缩聚得到的含氟PI，该PI均具有良好的溶解性和耐高温性能（Td5高达560℃）。
为获得既具良好加工性能又保持良好热性能的PI树脂，近年来开发出的含硅聚酰亚胺（PSI），通常采用含硅二酐或二胺单体[20-21]与有机二胺、有机二酐共聚来实现。多年前通过双氨丙基四甲基硅氧烷和氨基苯基乙炔与二酐缩聚制备的PI可熔融流动，可用作复合材料的基体[22]。近年来有机硅树脂作为低密度烧蚀材料已应用于航空器的防热材料[23]，该材料在烧蚀后残碳量少、不连续，在高温烧蚀领域具有较大的应用潜力[24]。将聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）引入PI主链制备共聚物，破坏PI的立构规整性和结晶性，可改善聚合物链段的柔顺性及聚合物的溶解性和加工性，并降低吸湿率[25]。YE Q等[26]采用含三氟甲基的二酐6FDA、端氨丙基聚硅氧烷、4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷（MDA）和对氨基苯基炔丙基醚（APPE）合成了溶解性良好、加工窗口较宽的端炔丙基醚聚(酰亚胺-硅氧烷)树脂（PTISs），氮气下具有较优的热稳定性（Td5＞426℃，Yr800℃＞34%）。L C HSU等[27]通过将PDMS、1,3,5-三氨基苯氧基苯（TAB）与对称芳香二酐缩聚制备得到网络结构的PSI，其具有良好的热稳定性和力学性能，热分解温度均高于400℃，软化温度高于200℃，断裂伸长率大于400%且具有优异的韧性和低应变滞后性。
热固性聚酰亚胺中常用4-苯基乙炔基邻苯二甲酸酐（PEPA）作为活性端基，在降低其熔点和黏度的同时使固化树脂仍具有较好的热学及力学性能，但固化温度较高（＞370℃）[28-29]。间乙炔基苯胺封端的PI树脂加工性好，固化温度可降至300℃，且固化树脂具有好的热学及力学性能[30]。本研究以2,2-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基苯基)]丙烷（BAPP）、2,2-双[4-(2-三氟甲基-4-氨基苯氧基苯基)]丙烷（BAFPP）和2,2-双[4-(2-三氟甲基-4-氨基苯氧基苯基)]全氟丙烷（BAFFP）为刚性二胺，结合柔性的端氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷（APPS），与3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐（BTDA）缩聚、间氨基苯乙炔（APA）封端，合成一系列加成型热固性聚（酰亚胺-硅氧烷）无规链段共聚树脂（ABIS）。通过改变二胺单体的比例，调控ABIS分子链中硅氧烷、醚键和三氟甲基的含量，从而得到具有一定加工性能的聚（酰亚胺-硅氧烷）树脂，并制备含氟PI薄膜及其树脂基复合材料，对其性能进行考察。
1 实验
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1.1 主要原材料
双酚A、双酚AF、3,3′4,4′-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐（BTDA）、2,2-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基苯基)]丙烷（BAPP）、无水碳酸钾（纯度>98%）、乙酸酐（Ac2O）、四氢呋喃（THF，纯度>98.5%）、三乙胺（TEA，纯度>99%）、无水乙醇（纯度>99.7%）、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF，纯度>99.8%），上海泰坦科技股份有限公司；2-氯-5-硝基-三氟甲苯（纯度>98%），上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司；10%钯碳催化剂（Pd/C），上海毕得医药科技股份有限公司；水合肼水溶液（含量>85%），国药集团化学试剂有限公司；聚二甲基硅氧烷二胺（APPS），分子量约为1 000 g/mol，上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司；间氨基苯乙炔（APA，纯度>98%），上海迈瑞尔生化科技有限公司；甲醇（纯度>99.9%）、乙酸乙酯（纯度>99.8%），江苏安淮化工科技有限公司；T300碳布（CF），面密度为200 g/m2，江苏天鸟高新技术股份有限公司。
1.2 测试方法
采用核磁共振氢谱（1H NMR）仪（Avance 400型，美国Bruker公司）对单体和树脂进行结构分析，频率为400 MHz，内标为四甲基硅烷（TMS）。采用傅里叶变换红外分析仪（FTIR，Nicolet iS10型，美国Thermo Scientific公司）分析树脂结构，波数为4 000～400 cm-1，分辨率为4 cm-1，扫描32次。采用凝胶色谱分析仪（1515型，美国Waters公司）分析树脂的分子量及其分布，以单分散聚苯乙烯为标样，THF洗提，流速为1 mL/min。采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC，Q2000型，美国TA公司）分析热固化性能， N2气氛，气体流量为50 mL/min，升温速率为 10℃/min。采用旋转流变仪（MARSIII型，美国Thermo Hakke公司）进行流变测试，升温速率是2℃/min，剪切速率是0.01 s-1。采用热重分析仪（TGA-DSC1型，瑞士Mettler Toledo公司）进行热失重分析（TGA），N2气氛，气体流量为60 mL/min，升温速率为10℃/min。采用万能试验机（Zwicki Line型，德国Zwick Roell公司）测试薄膜的拉伸性能，拉伸速率为25 mm/min。采用阻抗分析仪（E4980A型，美国Agilent公司）进行介电性能测试，室温，测试频率为40～107 Hz。采用接触角/表面张力测量仪（OCA-20型，德国Dataphysics公司）进行接触角测试。采用电子万能试验机（CMT 5504型，珠海三思泰捷公司）测试复合材料的力学性能。采用动态热机械分析仪（DMA1型，瑞士Mettler Toledo公司）测试复合材料的储能模量和损耗因子，三点弯曲模式，频率为1 Hz，升温速率为5℃/min。
1.3 试样制备
1.3.1 含氟芳香二胺单体BAFPP/BAFFP的合成
含氟二胺单体的合成路线如图1所示，以BAFPP为例，烧瓶中加入11.42 g（0.05 mol）双酚A、15.89 g（0.115 mol）无水碳酸钾、28.19 g（0.125 mol）2-氯-5-硝基-三氟甲苯及100 mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF），在室温下通氮气搅拌30 min，加热至120℃反应12 h，冷却后经甲醇水溶液沉淀出淡黄色产物，粗产物洗涤多次后由甲醇和DMF混合溶液进行重结晶，烘干后得到米白色含氟二硝基化合物（BNFPP）晶体，产率为96%。实验装置同上，经无水无氧抽排后，在80 mL乙醇中加入12.13 g（0.02 mol）BNFPP和0.15 g 10%Pd/C催化剂，搅拌加热至65℃，在回流状态下将30 mL水合肼缓慢滴加到混合物中，继续加热反应20 h后，趁热过滤除去Pd/C，再将得到的浅色透明滤液在冰水中沉淀出纯白色产物，即为含氟二胺单体（BAFPP），产率为95%。
BAFPP的1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)测试结果：化学位移δ=7.17×10-6～7.14×10-6(m, 4H, Ph-H)，δ=6.91×10-6～6.74×10-6(m, 10H, Ph-H)，δ=5.42×10-6(s, 4H, NH2)，δ=1.64×10-6(s, 6H, CH3)。FTIR测试结果：波数为3 440、3 363、1 606、834 cm-1处为N-H特征峰，2 978 cm-1处为CH3特征峰，1 496 cm-1处为Ph-H特征峰，1 262和1 235 cm-1处为-O-特征峰，1155和1123 cm-1处为C-F特征峰。熔点为120℃，纯度为99%。
BAFFP的1H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6)测试结果：化学位移δ=7.29×10-6～7.27×10-6(m,4H,Ph-H)， δ=7.02×10-6～6.78×10-6(m,10H,Ph-H)，δ=5.53×10-6(s, 4H, NH2)。FTIR测试结果：波数为3 480、3 401、1 609、830 cm-1处为N-H特征峰，1 499 cm-1处为Ph-H特征峰，1 261 cm-1和1 239 cm-1处为-O-特征峰，1 171 cm-1和1 131 cm-1处为C-F特征峰。熔点为62℃，纯度为99%。
1.3.2 ABIS树脂的合成
以二酐BTDA与二胺的物质的量之比为3∶2，二胺中BAPP和APPS的摩尔分数分别为30%和70%，制备得到聚（酰亚胺-硅氧烷）低聚物并经APA封端，命名为ABIS32-BAPP30，其合成过程如图2所示，具体步骤如下：在四口烧瓶中加入240 mL THF和9.67 g（0.03 mol）BTDA，搅拌均匀后在常温下滴加溶于60 mL THF的APPS（14.00 g，0.014 mol），搅拌反应1 h后，再滴加溶于20 mL DMF的BAPP（2.46 g，0.006 mol）反应1 h，最后加入溶于20 mL DMF的APA（2.34 g, 0.02 mol），继续反应4 h。加入30.63 g（0.3 mol）乙酸酐、15.18 g（0.15 mol）三乙胺，在85℃下加热4 h脱水成环，反应结束后冷却至室温。通过乙酸乙酯萃取和多次水洗，将有机层浓缩，在烘箱中干燥得到固体产物。其余树脂体系通过更换芳香二胺单体配比，按照相同的合成方法制备得到，命名和其单体配比、分子量及其分布如表1所示。
1.3.3 ABIS32树脂薄膜的制备
将ABIS32树脂溶解在二氯甲烷中得到均匀溶液，将调节好黏度的树脂溶液均匀涂覆在聚四氟乙烯板上，风干后将模具放在烘箱中使树脂固化交联形成半固化的树脂薄膜，将其转置于铝板上继续后固化，完成后冷却至室温，得到ABIS32树脂薄膜。
1.3.4 ABIS32树脂复合材料的制备
将ABIS32树脂溶解在THF中，制得质量分数为35%的溶液作为浸渍液。将该溶液均匀地涂抹于预先裁好的12层T300CF上（尺寸为10 cm×15 cm），让溶剂缓慢蒸发，并在室温下放置12 h。然后将浸有树脂的T300CF放入80℃预热的烘箱中进行真空干燥，得到预浸料。再将其放入预热的平板硫化机中，在3 MPa的压力下进行热压成型，固化工艺根据DSC测试结果设定。完成热压后，随室温自然冷却，最终得到ABIS树脂复合材料板。
2 结果与讨论
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2.1 ABIS树脂的结构
不同ABIS树脂的氢核磁共振谱图如图3所示。从图3可以看出，峰a归属于端炔氢（-C≡H）；峰b、c、d是APPS中端氨丙基的3个亚甲基氢（-CH2CH2CH2-）的特征峰；峰e是芳香二胺中的甲基氢（-CH3）。
ABIS32、ABIS32-BAPP10、ABIS32-BAFPP10和ABIS32-BAFFP10树脂的FTIR谱图如图4所示。从图4可以看出，3 230 cm-1处为炔氢（C≡C-H）的伸缩振动吸收峰，2 962 cm-1处为苯环氢（Ar-H）、亚甲基（-CH2-）、甲基（-CH3）的振动吸收峰，2 118 cm-1处为C≡C键伸缩振动产生的弱信号峰。1 775 cm-1、1 716 cm-1处为C=O键的不对称和对称伸缩振动吸收峰，1 620 cm-1处为芳环上烯键C=C的伸缩振动吸收峰，1 508 cm-1处为苯环骨架的伸缩振动吸收峰，1 392 cm-1处为C-N-C键的不对称伸缩振动吸收峰，1 259 cm-1处为醚键-O-的吸收峰，1 178 cm-1处为三氟甲基中C-F键的振动吸收峰，1 088 cm-1、1 023 cm-1处连峰为APPS中Si-O-Si骨架链的不对称和对称伸缩振动吸收峰，800 cm-1、724 cm-1处为Si-O键的振动吸收峰，特征峰位置和预期ABIS的化学结构相符。
2.2 ABIS树脂的加工性能
ABIS树脂的黏度（η）随温度变化的特性曲线如图5所示。常温下，树脂均为固体，使用加热平板小刀刮涂手法测试了各组树脂的熔融温度（Tm）和凝胶时间，结果如表2所示。因树脂的熔融温度接近固化起始温度，选择接近熔融温度的温度点进行黏温测试，以便准确监测曲线的变化，为后续复合材料的成型加工工艺提供参考。从图5可以看出，ABIS32-BAPP树脂熔融后不久便凝胶，几乎不存在熔融加工性。ABIS32、ABIS32-BAFPP和ABIS32-BAFFP树脂在开始升温阶段能够熔融，黏度随着温度的升高而降低从而进入低黏度状态，而后在一定的温度范围保持一段时间后又迅速上升。说明硅氧烷作为柔性链结构，对树脂体系的流变加工性能有显著的改善作用，其中ABIS32树脂尤为明显，197℃下最低黏度仅为8 Pa·s。ABIS32-BAFPP和ABIS32-BAFFP树脂由于-CF3的加入内聚能降低，从而降低了黏度并拓宽了加工窗口，随着芳香二胺含氟量增加，其熔融加工性能提高，但随着含氟芳香二胺加入量的增加，ABIS树脂的熔融温度提升。其中含氟芳香二胺BAFPP和BAFFP摩尔分数为10%的ABIS树脂表现出最佳的熔融加工性能。
ABIS树脂在常用有机溶剂中的溶解性如表3所示。从表3可以看出，不同结构的树脂溶解性具有显著差异，以纯APPS为二胺的ABIS32树脂在大部分有机溶剂中都表现出良好的溶解性。ABIS32-BAFPP30和ABIS32-BAFFP30树脂在某些溶剂中（如NMP、DMF、DMAC、THF和1,4-二氧六环）也表现出一定的溶解性；而ABIS32-BAPP30只在NMP中表现出溶解性，在其他有机溶剂中均不能溶解。这是因为较高的刚性和较强的分子间相互作用降低了溶解性。只有当BAPP的摩尔分数降低到20%时，其溶解性才有所改善。综合来看，在聚酰亚胺结构中引入三氟甲基基团可以有效提高树脂的溶解性和加工性能。
2.3 ABIS树脂的固化
通过DSC来追踪ABIS树脂的热固化行为，ABIS树脂的DSC曲线如图6所示，相关数据列于表4中。从图6和表4可以看出，ABIS32-BAFPP和ABIS32-BAFFP树脂在200℃左右显示出微弱的吸热熔融峰，固化放热峰出现在204～333℃。ABIS32-BAPP树脂的DSC曲线中没有熔融吸热峰，与其较差的流动性相符合，且随着芳香二胺加入量的增大，反应放热峰值温度上升。加入含氟芳香二胺后，ABIS树脂出现熔融温度，固化峰值温度（Tp）和终止温度（Tf）有所降低，这有利于固化工艺的改进。根据ABIS树脂的DSC结果，设计ABIS32的固化程序为200℃/1 h+260℃/2 h+280℃/1 h+300℃/ 1 h；含芳香二胺的ABIS32固化程序为200℃/2 h+240℃/2 h+280℃/2 h+300℃/2 h。
2.4 ABIS树脂固化物的热性能
用TGA对固化后的ABIS树脂热稳定性进行分析，结果如图7所示，其中固化物的5%热失重温度（Td5）、最快分解速率温度（Tmax）和800℃下的残留率（Yr800°C）列于表5。
从图7和表5可以看出，ABIS树脂固化物的Td5超过425℃，表明树脂具有较好的热稳定性。ABIS32中硅含量较高，其Td5高于引入芳香二胺的ABIS树脂。这是由于ABIS32中APPS中硅氧烷的柔性作用使得分子链更易活动，更有利于固化反应进行，使交联度增加从而有利于提高树脂固化物的热稳定性。芳香胺的加入增加了树脂固化物的刚性，提高了其在高温下的残留率（Yr800°C），且Yr800°C残留率随芳香二胺引入量的增加而提升。采用不含氟的BAPP制得的树脂固化物表现出最高的Yr800°C，这是因为两种含氟二胺结构中的三氟甲基侧基在500℃以上会裂解挥发，导致树脂固化物的Yr800℃降低。从表5还可以看出，固化树脂的Tmax均在500℃左右。
2.5 ABIS薄膜的物理特性
ABIS树脂的加工工艺性、热稳定性的综合性能，选用ABIS32和ABIS32-BAFPP10树脂制备薄膜，并对薄膜的物理特性进行研究。
ABIS32和ABIS32-BAFPP10薄膜的应力应变曲线如图8所示，力学性能数据汇总在表6中。从图8可以看出，在拉伸过程中没有出现细颈现象，薄膜均处于弹性状态，薄膜的形变随应力的增加而增加，撤除外力可恢复，有可逆的形变。加入摩尔分数为10%的芳香二胺后，薄膜的拉伸强度从9.5 MPa增大到15.8 MPa，表明薄膜的强度显著提升，但芳香二胺的加入导致分子链的运动能力受限，降低了薄膜的断裂伸长率。
两种薄膜的介电常数（ε）和介质损耗因数（tanδ）随频率（f）的变化曲线如图9所示。从图9可以看出，两组树脂薄膜的介电常数和tanδ随频率变化不明显，ABIS32和ABIS32-BAFPP10薄膜在10 MHz下的介电常数分别为3.21和3.51，tanδ较低且都基本稳定在0.01。商品化的PI介电常数通常为3.6～4.0，说明引入硅氧烷链段和三氟甲基可降低PI的介电常数，其中ABIS32薄膜的介电常数低于ABIS32-BAFPP10薄膜，说明引入硅氧烷链段比引入三氟甲基更能有效降低介电常数。对于树脂分子量相近的ABIS32和ABIS32-BAFPP10（见表1），加入摩尔分数为10%的含氟芳香二胺后，树脂分子链中APPS链段减少，形成酰亚胺环的数量增加，带来极性基团的增加，导致介电常数反而增大。同时柔性硅氧烷组分存在表面迁移[31]，会造成ABIS32-BAFPP10薄膜表面硅氧烷与酰亚胺结构的分相，导致材料内部极化不均匀，存在局部电势差，从而增大了薄膜的介电常数。
ABIS薄膜与超纯水的接触角照片如图10所示。从图10可以看出，ABIS32薄膜的接触角为94.00°，加入摩尔分数为10%的含氟芳香二胺后，薄膜的接触角减小至91.75°，表明薄膜的疏水性有所降低，但仍然保持一定程度的疏水特性。这也说明ABIS32-BAFPP10薄膜表面柔性硅氧烷的偏析分相会使其疏水性有所降低。这两种膜的介电常数变化也反映出薄膜表面疏水性的不同。
2.6 T300CF/ABIS复合材料的力学性能
T300CF/ABIS32和T300CF/ABIS32-BAFPP10复合材料在常温下的弯曲强度、弯曲模量和层间剪切强度（ILSS）如表7所示。从表7可以看出，常温下，T300CF/ABIS32复合材料的弯曲强度为129.0 MPa，ILSS为16.6 MPa。加入摩尔分数为10%的芳香二胺后，复合材料的弯曲性能提升，弯曲强度增大至137.6 MPa，这是因为分子链中的刚性芳香胺链段替代了部分硅氧烷柔性链段，增加了分子链中极性酰亚胺基团，提高了分子链间相互作用。ABIS32中硅氧烷柔性结构的增多使其树脂更容易包覆在纤维上，有利于提高ILSS。
T300CF/ABIS复合材料的DMA曲线如图11所示。从图11可以看出，当达到40℃后，树脂的储能模量（E′）下降明显，损耗因子形成宽松弛峰。表明分子链中的侧基、酰亚胺基团、柔性链和链节等开始运动，导致材料的黏性特性增加。其中不加芳香胺的T300CF/ABIS32复合材料储能模量较高、损耗因子松弛峰较小，说明更高的交联密度阻碍了分子链的运动，有利于树脂弹性和耐热性的提升。
3 结论
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（1）合成了两种含氟芳香二胺单体BAFPP和BAFFP，采用两步法通过化学亚胺化制备了具有不同硅氧烷含量和不同芳香二胺的含氟端炔聚（酰亚胺-硅氧烷）共聚树脂（ABIS）。
（2）黏温曲线和溶解性测试表明，硅氧烷链段和含-CF3基团芳香二胺单体的加入可以显著提升PI树脂的熔融加工性和在有机溶剂中的溶解性，有利于树脂的加工成型。
（3）硅氧烷链段含量高的ABIS树脂具有较高的Td5，刚性芳香二胺的加入提高了其Yr800℃，ABIS32树脂具有较好的热稳定性能，Td5为459℃，Yr800℃为17.5%。
（4）ABIS32-BAFPP10薄膜的拉伸强度为15.8 MPa，ABIS32薄膜的断裂伸长率为65.3%。ABIS32薄膜在10 MHz下具有较低的介电常数（3.21）和介质损耗因数，且tanδ与ABIS32-BAFPP10薄膜相近，基本稳定在0.01。同时ABIS32薄膜具有较好的疏水性。
（5）常温下，T300CF/ABIS32-BAFPP10复合材料的弯曲强度约为137.6 MPa，而弯曲模量和ILSS低于T300CF/ABIS32复合材料。
基金
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  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(JKD01241701)
文献
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2024年第57卷第10期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.10.009
  • 接收时间：2024-04-16
  • 首发时间：2025-12-24
  • 出版时间：2024-10-20
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-16
  • 修回日期：2024-05-28
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(JKD01241701)
作者信息
    华东理工大学 材料科学与工程学院 特种功能高分子材料及相关技术教育部重点实验室，上海 200237

通讯作者:

袁荞龙（1964-），男（汉族），江苏常州人，教授，主要从事有机无机杂化高性能材料制备与应用的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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