Article(id=1210590154822119791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210590152548807015, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.09.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1698854400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-02, revisedDate=1703088000000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766556784587, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1726761600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766556784587, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766556784587, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766556784587, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210590152548807015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2024', volume='57', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='165', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766556784044, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563998200, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210620410958312217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210590152548807015, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210620410958312218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210590152548807015, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=140, endPage=148, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210590155178635634, articleId=1210590154822119791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Analysis on electric field distortion of 10 kV tubular insulated busbar with typical defects, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Moisture intrusion and residual conductive particles are common defects in the joints of tubular insulated busbars in substations. These defects would cause distortion of electric field distribution at the joints, endangering insulation performance and potentially leading to insulation breakdown, burning, and other accidents. In this paper, finite element multi-physics simulation technology was used to construct a joint model of tubular busbar with wrapped insulation material based on the actual structure. Three types of water films, with 10, 30, and 50 mm of lengths, and semi-circular conductive impurities with 0.5 mm of radius, were placed at the interfaces between the metal shielding layer and the main insulation layer, as well as between the main insulation layer and the inner sealing layer. COMSOL software was used to conduct electric field simulation analysis, and the impact of different defects located at various interfaces on the electric field distribution of tubular insulated busbar joint was studied. The results show that both water films and conductive impurities can impact the electric field distribution at the insulation layer interfaces to different degrees. The electric field strength inside the defects decreases, while the electric field strength at the defect edges increases dramatically. Among these, the electric field distortion with conductive particles at the insulation interface is more severe than that with moisture intrusion, making insulation breakdown faults more likely. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the end sealing and strictly prevent the presence of residual conductive particles.

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变电站管型绝缘母线接头潮气侵入和残留导电微粒是其常见缺陷,缺陷导致接头电场分布发生畸变,危及其绝缘性能,甚至发生绝缘击穿、烧毁等事故。本文采用有限元多物理场仿真技术,基于实际结构构建了绕包式管型绝缘母线接头模型,分别在金属屏蔽层与主绝缘层界面、主绝缘层与内密封层界面设置长度分别为10、30、50 mm的3种不同水膜和半径为0.5 mm的半圆形导电杂质,利用COMSOL软件进行电场仿真分析,研究不同缺陷位于不同界面对管型绝缘母线接头电场分布的影响。结果表明:水膜和导电杂质都会对绝缘带材界面电场分布产生不同程度的影响,缺陷内部场强下降,缺陷边缘场强剧增,其中绝缘界面残留导电微粒时电场畸变情况比水分侵入时更加严重,更易发生绝缘击穿事故,应加强端部密封和严防导电微粒残留。

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咸日常(1966-),男(汉族),山东高密人,教授,研究方向为电气设备状态检测与故障诊断技术。
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孙丰睿(2000-),男(汉族),山东淄博人,硕士生,研究方向为电气设备绝缘状态检测技术。

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孙丰睿(2000-),男(汉族),山东淄博人,硕士生,研究方向为电气设备绝缘状态检测技术。

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孙丰睿(2000-),男(汉族),山东淄博人,硕士生,研究方向为电气设备绝缘状态检测技术。

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Power System and Clean Energy, 2016,32(11):31-36., articleTitle=Analysis of influences of defects on electric field distribution of composite interface of cable joint, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1218262768688484597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590154822119791, awardId=52077221, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(52077221), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218262758496326604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590154822119791, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218262758504715212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590154822119791, companyId=1218262758496326604, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218262758513103821, 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结构相对介电常数电导率/(S/m)厚度/mm
铜管1×1045.8×1074.00
铜抱箍1×1045.8×1075.00
不锈钢抱箍1×1041.46×1063.00
内屏蔽层2.093.92×10-150.30
内密封层2.093.92×10-151.80
主绝缘层2.101.00×10-155.00
主绝缘密封层2.093.92×10-151.50
金属屏蔽层1×1043.77×1070.30
外防护层2.093.92×10-151.80
), ArticleFig(id=1218262768369717486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590154822119791, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各结构材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构相对介电常数电导率/(S/m)厚度/mm
铜管1×1045.8×1074.00
铜抱箍1×1045.8×1075.00
不锈钢抱箍1×1041.46×1063.00
内屏蔽层2.093.92×10-150.30
内密封层2.093.92×10-151.80
主绝缘层2.101.00×10-155.00
主绝缘密封层2.093.92×10-151.50
金属屏蔽层1×1043.77×1070.30
外防护层2.093.92×10-151.80
), ArticleFig(id=1218262768449409264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590154822119791, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Parameters of conductive particle, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类相对介电常数电导率/(S/m)
半导电微粒1003
金属微粒1×1044×107
), ArticleFig(id=1218262768533295349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210590154822119791, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

导电微粒参数表

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种类相对介电常数电导率/(S/m)
半导电微粒1003
金属微粒1×1044×107
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10 kV管型绝缘母线典型缺陷下的电场畸变分析
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孙丰睿 1 , 咸日常 1 , 咸峰 2 , 孙晓维 2 , 邢雅雯 1
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2024,57(9): 140-148
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绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2024, 57(9): 140-148
10 kV管型绝缘母线典型缺陷下的电场畸变分析
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孙丰睿1, 咸日常1, 咸峰2, 孙晓维2, 邢雅雯1
作者信息
  • 1山东理工大学 电气与电子工程学院,山东 淄博 255000
  • 2山东七星电气科技发展有限公司,山东 淄博 255000
  • 孙丰睿(2000-),男(汉族),山东淄博人,硕士生,研究方向为电气设备绝缘状态检测技术。

通讯作者:

咸日常(1966-),男(汉族),山东高密人,教授,研究方向为电气设备状态检测与故障诊断技术。
Analysis on electric field distortion of 10 kV tubular insulated busbar with typical defects
Fengrui SUN1, Richang XIAN1, Feng XIAN2, Xiaowei SUN2, Yawen XING1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
  • 2Shandong Qixing Electric Technology Development Co., Ltd., Zibo 255000, China
出版时间: 2024-09-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.09.015
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变电站管型绝缘母线接头潮气侵入和残留导电微粒是其常见缺陷,缺陷导致接头电场分布发生畸变,危及其绝缘性能,甚至发生绝缘击穿、烧毁等事故。本文采用有限元多物理场仿真技术,基于实际结构构建了绕包式管型绝缘母线接头模型,分别在金属屏蔽层与主绝缘层界面、主绝缘层与内密封层界面设置长度分别为10、30、50 mm的3种不同水膜和半径为0.5 mm的半圆形导电杂质,利用COMSOL软件进行电场仿真分析,研究不同缺陷位于不同界面对管型绝缘母线接头电场分布的影响。结果表明:水膜和导电杂质都会对绝缘带材界面电场分布产生不同程度的影响,缺陷内部场强下降,缺陷边缘场强剧增,其中绝缘界面残留导电微粒时电场畸变情况比水分侵入时更加严重,更易发生绝缘击穿事故,应加强端部密封和严防导电微粒残留。

管型绝缘母线  /  接头  /  有限元仿真  /  典型缺陷  /  电场分布

Moisture intrusion and residual conductive particles are common defects in the joints of tubular insulated busbars in substations. These defects would cause distortion of electric field distribution at the joints, endangering insulation performance and potentially leading to insulation breakdown, burning, and other accidents. In this paper, finite element multi-physics simulation technology was used to construct a joint model of tubular busbar with wrapped insulation material based on the actual structure. Three types of water films, with 10, 30, and 50 mm of lengths, and semi-circular conductive impurities with 0.5 mm of radius, were placed at the interfaces between the metal shielding layer and the main insulation layer, as well as between the main insulation layer and the inner sealing layer. COMSOL software was used to conduct electric field simulation analysis, and the impact of different defects located at various interfaces on the electric field distribution of tubular insulated busbar joint was studied. The results show that both water films and conductive impurities can impact the electric field distribution at the insulation layer interfaces to different degrees. The electric field strength inside the defects decreases, while the electric field strength at the defect edges increases dramatically. Among these, the electric field distortion with conductive particles at the insulation interface is more severe than that with moisture intrusion, making insulation breakdown faults more likely. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the end sealing and strictly prevent the presence of residual conductive particles.

tubular insulated busbar  /  joint  /  finite element simulation  /  typical defects  /  electric field distribution
孙丰睿, 咸日常, 咸峰, 孙晓维, 邢雅雯. 10 kV管型绝缘母线典型缺陷下的电场畸变分析. 绝缘材料, 2024 , 57 (9) : 140 -148 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.09.015
Fengrui SUN, Richang XIAN, Feng XIAN, Xiaowei SUN, Yawen XING. Analysis on electric field distortion of 10 kV tubular insulated busbar with typical defects[J]. Insulating Materials, 2024 , 57 (9) : 140 -148 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.09.015
随着经济的发展,社会对于电力的需求随之增加,各电压等级的发电厂、变电站数量日益增多,而由于管型绝缘母线具有集肤效应小、机械强度高和载流量大等优点,长久以来被大规模应用于变电站中。根据以往的故障案例分析[1-3],管型绝缘母线接头内部绝缘层被水分侵入导致受潮是使管型母线接头发生电场畸变进而导致绝缘击穿的主要诱因,这是因为管型绝缘母线由于长时间处于室外环境下,极易受到雨水侵蚀,而接头内部各类绝缘材料膨胀系数不同导致产生的气隙也给水分侵入提供了条件[4],特别是在南方的沿海城市,管型绝缘母线接头进水已经成为了常见现象,危害变电站的稳定运行,因而研究管型绝缘母线接头不同位置被水分侵入后的电场变化情况显得尤为重要。其次,在绕包式管型绝缘母线接头施工工程中,绝缘界面常常会残留杂质,造成电场畸变,导致绝缘老化,甚至造成接头击穿。
关于其他绝缘设备缺陷电场数值计算的文献有很多,文献[5]分析了XLPE电缆中间接头渗水后电场强度和击穿电压的变化情况,证明了接头渗水会使电场产生明显畸变,导致击穿电压大幅下降;文献[6]探究了电缆在受潮过程中的极化特性规律,利用德拜模型对极化-去极化电流曲线进行拟合,分析了电缆在受潮过程中电流曲线和极化特性参数的变化规律;文献[7]通过实验验证了绝缘材料受潮时,硅橡胶-XLPE界面的闪络电压降低;文献[8]通过仿真分析,发现在绝缘材料老化后,电缆内部渗水处与残留导电杂质处的最大电场强度都增大,且周围电场分布呈现“中间低、边缘高”的现象。
目前国内关于绕包式管型绝缘母线接头典型缺陷下电场畸变情况的相关研究内容不多,接头内部各带材界面侵入水分和导电杂质后的微观变化情况研究相对较少。本研究基于110~500 kV变压器户外10 kV侧管型绝缘母线接头,建立了1∶1三维仿真模型,基于实际工况的缺陷情况,在金属屏蔽层与主绝缘层界面、主绝缘层与内密封层界面设置不同大小的水膜和导电杂质模拟缺陷,利用有限元方法在电流场下计算并绘制管型绝缘母线接头内部的电场分布图,比较各个环境下的物理场畸变情况,以期为变压器管型绝缘母线绝缘能力提升和诊断提供参考。
管型绝缘母线是一种外形为铜管、外层缠绕若干层绝缘带材的输电设备,变压器管型绝缘母线接头的典型结构如图1所示。
本文对管型绝缘母线接头结构进行简化分析,并依据变电站现场实际尺寸和结构[9-10],构建长为500 mm、内半径为26 mm的管型绝缘母线接头几何模型,如图2所示。
管型绝缘母线主体结构由内至外依次为:空心铜管导体、主绝缘层(含金属分压屏)、主绝缘密封层、金属屏蔽层、外防护层。
管型绝缘母线接头结构由内至外依次为:空心铜管导体、铜抱箍、不锈钢抱箍、内屏蔽层、内密封层、主绝缘层(不含金属分压屏)、金属屏蔽层、外防护层。其中,金属屏蔽层材料为铝箔,主绝缘层材料为聚四氟乙烯,内屏蔽层、内密封层、主绝缘密封层、外防护层材料均为交联聚乙烯,各绝缘层间涂抹硅脂。
由于金属分压屏仅分布于管型绝缘母线主体,在接头中分布较少,为简化模型同时保证模型合理性,建模中省去了管型绝缘母线接头两侧的金属分压屏。
各绝缘层结构及材料参数[11-15]表1
本文研究的是10 kV管型母线线路,故工作电压设置为5 773.5 V,如式(1)所示。
UM=U=100003=5773.5 V
式(1)中:UM为管型母线工作电压;U为线路额定运行线电压。
依据10 kV变压器母排实际运行条件,将导体载流量设置为1 818.65 A[5,16]
采用自由四面体网格对三维模型进行网格划分,对于三维模型中计算数值变化较大的区域进行局部细化处理,如图3所示。
关于管型绝缘母线接头内渗水的具体位置,一般都位于两种不同绝缘介质的界面处,这是因为不同的环境温度、负载等因素会使得管型绝缘母线内部的绝缘材料发生热胀冷缩,而绝缘材料的膨胀系数不同,容易在不同绝缘介质之间产生气隙,在受潮的作用下出现潮气侵入缺陷[17]
水分在界面中主要以水膜的形态存在,为研究不同大小的水膜对绝缘材料界面电场的影响,设置3种不同大小的水膜,相对介电常数设置为78.5,电导率为0.03 S/m[18-19],长度分别设置为10、30、50 mm,厚度均为0.2 mm,嵌入各个绝缘层表面上。
正常情况下管型绝缘母线接头内部电场分布如图45所示。由图45可知,在正常情况下的管型绝缘母线接头内部,不锈钢抱箍表面及端部出现明显的电场集中现象,最大电场强度出现在不锈钢抱箍根部的内屏蔽层内侧,最大场强为1.74 kV/mm。
内密封层与主绝缘层交界面和主绝缘层与金属屏蔽层交界面的电场分布情况如图6所示。由图6可知,内密封层表面电场强度最高可达到0.84 kV/mm,主绝缘层表面电场强度最高可达到0.37 kV/mm,其中不锈钢抱箍上方区域绝缘层内的电场强度相较其他部位更高,这是由于不锈钢抱箍作为一种金属导体,其距离金属屏蔽层更近,介电常数较大,而不锈钢层上方绝缘层上下侧距离相对较小,使层间绝缘带材内部电场强度增大。
在主绝缘层外表面中央位置设置3种不同大小的水膜后,主绝缘层外表面水膜周围电场分布情况如图79所示。
由图79可知,设置水膜后,水膜内部电场明显降低,但水膜边缘处电场均有不同程度的升高,长度为10、30、50 mm的水膜边缘电场强度最大值分别为0.49、0.51、0.62 kV/mm,且电场强度随水膜面积增大而逐渐上升。
设置不同大小的水膜后,沿主绝缘层表面的电场分布如图10所示。由图10可知,水膜并不会对管型绝缘母线接头其他未渗水的部位产生影响,但会使水膜边缘处电场强度急剧增大,增幅分别为0.12、0.14、0.25 kV/mm,相较正常情况下增长了32.4%、37.8%、67.6%,水膜内部的电场强度均趋近于0,电场强度降幅没有发生明显变化。这是由于水属于良导体,直接与接地的金属屏蔽层接触,导致水膜与主绝缘层界面处的电荷集中,进而使电场强度发生畸变。
分别对各长度水膜及主绝缘层表面电荷密度进行仿真,结果如图1113所示。从图1113可以看出,水膜边缘处的电荷出现了聚集现象,基本可以验证上文中对于电场畸变原因的猜想。
水中的带电离子在外界电场的作用下产生位移,达到静电平衡状态,此时水膜平铺于界面上。由于主绝缘层采用的聚四氟乙烯材料具有疏水性,水膜边缘与绝缘界面接触角小于90°,同时水膜中央呈现较为平缓的弧度,在曲率半径较小的位置,电荷密度较大,而水膜边缘弯曲弧度大,曲率半径小,使得电荷着重分布于水膜边缘,界面电荷密度增大,进而使得该处的等势线分布密集,电场畸变严重[20]
绕包式管型绝缘母线接头内部不同绝缘带材间通常会被涂抹一层硅脂,用于增加绝缘界面密封性和均匀电场[21-22],但两种不同绝缘界面间仍会因为膨胀或者老化等因素侵入潮气,水分会渗入硅脂中,造成电场畸变。
在主绝缘层与内密封层交界面中央位置的硅脂中设置3种不同大小的水膜后,硅脂表面水膜周围的电场分布情况如图1416所示。由图1416可知,将水膜放置到主绝缘层与内密封层之间的硅脂中,水膜边缘处电场强度仍会急剧增大,但增幅不会被水膜大小影响。
设置不同大小的水膜后,沿内密封层表面的电场强度分布如图17所示。由图17可知,无水分渗入情况下,硅脂上表面的最大电场强度为0.7 kV/mm,硅脂中侵入水分后,整个绝缘界面的电场强度变化情况与水分侵入至金属屏蔽层与主绝缘层界面时的情况基本相同,水膜边缘处电场强度急剧增大,但增幅不随水膜面积的增大而提升,增幅均为0.11 kV/mm左右,相较无水分渗入情况下增长了15.7%。水膜大小对电场强度的影响不大,且水膜内部的电场强度均为0.43 kV/mm左右,降幅保持不变。
相较于水分侵入主绝缘层外表面的情况,水分渗入界面主绝缘与内密封层交时电场强度有明显上升,更容易导致局部放电的产生,在交变电场的影响下,水膜更易发生形变而对其他绝缘材料产生电-机械应力[23],在此应力的影响下,水膜会持续不断的对周围的绝缘介质进行冲击,加速绝缘劣化,直至在绝缘介质上产生微观裂隙,诱发水树枝[24]
在对管型绝缘母线接头处进行包封的过程中,需要对接头的不锈钢抱箍进行焊接,经常会将导电微粒残留在各个绝缘带材之间,使管型绝缘母线接头内部存在安全隐患,增加管母绝缘层被电击穿的风险。
为了研究管型绝缘母线接头内部内密封层与主绝缘层交界面残留导电微粒时的电场分布情况,在交界面处设置半径为0.5 mm的半球体模拟导电微粒,设置位置与水膜仿真的缺陷位置相同,不同种类导电微粒的电气参数见表2
管型绝缘母线接头内部内密封层与主绝缘层交界面存在半导电微粒时的界面电场变化情况和纵向界面电场畸变情况如图1820所示。
由图1819可知,界面半导电微粒内部电场减小至0.49 kV/mm,但半导电微粒边缘处电场明显增大,最大值达到1.14 kV/mm,相较无导电微粒位置的电场强度增幅为0.3 kV/mm,同比增长了35.7%。
图20可知,在半导电微粒相对平缓的上表面附近,电场基本不发生畸变,但在下方有弧度的半圆部分,电场畸变非常严重,半导电微粒最低点处的电场出现剧增,场强可达到1.73 kV/mm,极易发生击穿。
半导电杂质残留绝缘层界面的电场畸变情况与水分侵入情况类似,一般都跟杂质颗粒的曲率半径有关,曲率半径越小,其表面聚集的电荷越多,电场强度越大[25]。同时与半导电微粒接触的介质在电场作用下发生极化,在微粒外表面产生束缚电荷,进一步增大了其表面电荷密度,进而增大了局部电场强度。
管型绝缘母线接头内部内密封层与主绝缘层交界面存在金属微粒时的界面电场变化情况和纵向界面电场畸变情况如图2123所示。
由图2122可知,界面金属微粒内部电场减小至0.73 kV/mm,下降幅度很小,但金属微粒边缘处电场增大更加明显,最大值达到2.86 kV/mm,相较无导电微粒位置的电场强度增幅为2.02 kV/mm,同比增长了240.5%。
图23可知,金属微粒周围电场畸变规律与半导电微粒基本相同,但增幅远大于存在半导电微粒情况,最大场强点位于微粒下方,最大电强强度达到4.09 kV/mm,发生绝缘击穿的概率更大。
相比于半导电微粒,金属微粒的相对介电常数更大,因绝缘介质极化在表面聚集更多电荷,金属微粒内的自由电子在外电场的作用下发生位移,聚集到表面,其数量相较于半导电微粒更多,导致电场强度更大。
金属微粒附近出现电场强度急剧升高的现象,极有可能导致局部放电、击穿绝缘层、烧毁管型绝缘母线接头,危害整个变电站的安全稳定运行。
(1)管型绝缘母线接头侵入水分和残留导电微粒后,缺陷内部电场强度下降,边缘处电场强度则明显升高,其他正常部位的电场强度基本保持不变。
(2)水分侵入金属屏蔽层与主绝缘层交界面时,水膜内部电场强度趋近于0,水膜边缘处电场强度急剧上升,且水膜面积越大,上升幅度越大。
(3)水分侵入主绝缘层与内密封层交界面时,水分侵入硅脂中,水膜内部的电场强度为0.43 kV/mm左右,水膜边缘处的电场强度为0.82 kV/mm左右,水膜面积变化对电场畸变程度的影响不明显。
(4)绝缘界面残留导电微粒时,电场畸变情况相比水分侵入更加严重。当残留半导电微粒时,绝缘材料界面电场最大值为1.14 kV/mm,纵切面电场最大值为1.73 kV/mm;当残留金属微粒时,绝缘材料界面电场最大值为2.86 kV/mm,纵切面电场最大值为4.09 kV/mm,电场强度在微粒圆形面最低点出现剧增。
(5)将4种情况对比可知,绝缘界面残留金属微粒和半导电微粒的情况最为严重,在施工过程中应着重避免这种情况发生。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52077221)
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2024年第57卷第9期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.09.015
  • 接收时间:2023-11-02
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2024-09-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-02
  • 修回日期:2023-12-21
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52077221)
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    1山东理工大学 电气与电子工程学院,山东 淄博 255000
    2山东七星电气科技发展有限公司,山东 淄博 255000

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咸日常(1966-),男(汉族),山东高密人,教授,研究方向为电气设备状态检测与故障诊断技术。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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