Article(id=1210560432893456789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210560429043085661, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.07.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1690473600000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-28, revisedDate=1694793600000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766549698327, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1721404800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766549698327, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766549698327, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766549698327, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210560429043085661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2024', volume='57', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='142', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766549697408, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563951127, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210620213532430860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210560429043085661, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210620213532430861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210560429043085661, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=135, endPage=142, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210560433589711281, articleId=1210560432893456789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Simulation analysis on effect of bird droppings morphological characteristics on flashover of 220 kV composite insulators, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

COMSOL finite element simulation software was used to study the effect of bird droppings with different morphological characteristics on sulator flashover. By studying the influences of the length and viscosity of bird droppings on the flashover and the process of insulator flashover caused by the bird droppings falling, the calculation method of the combined air gap breakdown voltage composed of multiple sections bird droppings with different viscosities was obtained. The results show that the higher the viscosity of bird droppings, the better the continuity of bird droppings, the lower the breakdown voltage of the air gap, which is easy to cause the composite insulator flashover. Therefore, in order to improve the protection ability of anti-bird shield to high viscosity long bird droppings. the anti-bird shield must have the ability to reduce the length of bird droppings. In this study, a deflector groove was designed on the surface of anti-bird shield, and the high viscosity long bird droppings can be divided into several sections of short bird droppings through the deflector groove. By reducing the length of bird droppings, the air gap length increases, so as to increase the breakdown voltage and decrease the probability of bird droppings flashover.

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通过COMSOL有限元仿真软件研究不同形貌特性的鸟粪对绝缘子闪络的影响。通过研究鸟粪的长度和黏度对闪络的影响以及鸟粪下落导致绝缘子闪络的过程,本文得出了不同黏度多段鸟粪构成的组合空气间隙击穿电压的计算方法。结果表明:鸟粪黏度越高,鸟粪的连续性越好,构成的空气间隙击穿电压越低,容易造成复合绝缘子闪络。因此若想提高防鸟罩对高黏度长鸟粪的防护能力,防鸟罩需具有减少鸟粪长度的能力。本研究在防鸟罩表面设计导流槽,将原本一段高黏度且长度较长的鸟粪通过导流槽分割成多段长度较短的鸟粪,通过减少鸟粪长度从而增加空气间隙长度,进而可以提高击穿电压,降低鸟粪闪络概率。

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蒋正阳(1996-),男(汉族),安徽合肥人,硕士生,主要从事绝缘子闪络的研究;

赵洪峰(1978-),男(汉族),山东济宁人,教授,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究与教学工作。

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蒋正阳(1996-),男(汉族),安徽合肥人,硕士生,主要从事绝缘子闪络的研究;

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蒋正阳(1996-),男(汉族),安徽合肥人,硕士生,主要从事绝缘子闪络的研究;

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赵洪峰(1978-),男(汉族),山东济宁人,教授,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究与教学工作。

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赵洪峰(1978-),男(汉族),山东济宁人,教授,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究与教学工作。

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Insulators and Surge Arresters,2019(6):237-243,250., articleTitle=Experimental study on the influence of bird droppings path on composite insulator flashover of 110 kV transmission line, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1218281850041193102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210560432893456789, awardId=2022D01C21, language=CN, fundingSource=新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2022D01C21), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218281845226132057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210560432893456789, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218281845234520666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1210560432893456789, companyId=1218281845226132057, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China), 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材料相对介电常数电导率/(S/m)
空气110-50
伞裙510-13
芯棒31.67×10-13
金具1081.25×10-7
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仿真参数设置表

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材料相对介电常数电导率/(S/m)
空气110-50
伞裙510-13
芯棒31.67×10-13
金具1081.25×10-7
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鸟粪长度/m下端空气间隙长度/mm上端空气间隙长度/mm下端空气间隙场强/(kV/cm)上端空气间隙场强/(kV/cm)空气间隙是否击穿
2.03543.0130.3832.21
1.98074.3313.6718.71
1.820074.335.7819.14
1.7195176.785.778.42
1.6190276.135.665.59
1.5190380.825.684.20
1.4180490.465.873.34
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不同长度鸟粪导致复合绝缘子击穿情况

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鸟粪长度/m下端空气间隙长度/mm上端空气间隙长度/mm下端空气间隙场强/(kV/cm)上端空气间隙场强/(kV/cm)空气间隙是否击穿
2.03543.0130.3832.21
1.98074.3313.6718.71
1.820074.335.7819.14
1.7195176.785.778.42
1.6190276.135.665.59
1.5190380.825.684.20
1.4180490.465.873.34
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鸟粪分段数量自下而上各段空气间隙平均场强/(kV/cm)组合空气间隙击穿电压/kV
第1段第2段第3段第4段第5段
130.155.8388
229.035.757.95105
322.945.817.049.39119
420.915.756.687.8410.64129
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不同鸟粪分段下组合空气间隙击穿电压

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鸟粪分段数量自下而上各段空气间隙平均场强/(kV/cm)组合空气间隙击穿电压/kV
第1段第2段第3段第4段第5段
130.155.8388
229.035.757.95105
322.945.817.049.39119
420.915.756.687.8410.64129
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鸟粪形貌特性对220 kV复合绝缘子闪络影响的仿真分析
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蒋正阳 , 赵洪峰
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2024,57(7): 135-142
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绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2024, 57(7): 135-142
鸟粪形貌特性对220 kV复合绝缘子闪络影响的仿真分析
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蒋正阳, 赵洪峰
作者信息
  • 新疆大学 电气工程学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
  • 蒋正阳(1996-),男(汉族),安徽合肥人,硕士生,主要从事绝缘子闪络的研究;

    赵洪峰(1978-),男(汉族),山东济宁人,教授,主要从事高电压与绝缘技术的研究与教学工作。

Simulation analysis on effect of bird droppings morphological characteristics on flashover of 220 kV composite insulators
Zhengyang JIANG, Hongfeng ZHAO
Affiliations
  • College of Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
出版时间: 2024-07-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.07.017
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通过COMSOL有限元仿真软件研究不同形貌特性的鸟粪对绝缘子闪络的影响。通过研究鸟粪的长度和黏度对闪络的影响以及鸟粪下落导致绝缘子闪络的过程,本文得出了不同黏度多段鸟粪构成的组合空气间隙击穿电压的计算方法。结果表明:鸟粪黏度越高,鸟粪的连续性越好,构成的空气间隙击穿电压越低,容易造成复合绝缘子闪络。因此若想提高防鸟罩对高黏度长鸟粪的防护能力,防鸟罩需具有减少鸟粪长度的能力。本研究在防鸟罩表面设计导流槽,将原本一段高黏度且长度较长的鸟粪通过导流槽分割成多段长度较短的鸟粪,通过减少鸟粪长度从而增加空气间隙长度,进而可以提高击穿电压,降低鸟粪闪络概率。

复合绝缘子  /  鸟粪  /  有限元  /  虚拟介电常数法  /  黏度  /  闪络

COMSOL finite element simulation software was used to study the effect of bird droppings with different morphological characteristics on sulator flashover. By studying the influences of the length and viscosity of bird droppings on the flashover and the process of insulator flashover caused by the bird droppings falling, the calculation method of the combined air gap breakdown voltage composed of multiple sections bird droppings with different viscosities was obtained. The results show that the higher the viscosity of bird droppings, the better the continuity of bird droppings, the lower the breakdown voltage of the air gap, which is easy to cause the composite insulator flashover. Therefore, in order to improve the protection ability of anti-bird shield to high viscosity long bird droppings. the anti-bird shield must have the ability to reduce the length of bird droppings. In this study, a deflector groove was designed on the surface of anti-bird shield, and the high viscosity long bird droppings can be divided into several sections of short bird droppings through the deflector groove. By reducing the length of bird droppings, the air gap length increases, so as to increase the breakdown voltage and decrease the probability of bird droppings flashover.

composite insulator  /  bird droppings  /  finite element  /  virtual dielectric constant method  /  viscosity  /  flashover
蒋正阳, 赵洪峰. 鸟粪形貌特性对220 kV复合绝缘子闪络影响的仿真分析. 绝缘材料, 2024 , 57 (7) : 135 -142 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.07.017
Zhengyang JIANG, Hongfeng ZHAO. Simulation analysis on effect of bird droppings morphological characteristics on flashover of 220 kV composite insulators[J]. Insulating Materials, 2024 , 57 (7) : 135 -142 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.07.017
随着我国环保力度的加大,鸟类的生存活动范围也不断扩大,鸟类活动导致电网发生故障的频率仅次于雷击和外力破坏[1]。尤其在候鸟迁移的地区,鸟害的风险更是不容小觑[2]。鸟类活动导致电网故障的主要原因是鸟类在绝缘子上方排便后鸟粪作为放电通道短接了绝缘子与均压环之间的空气间隙,从而导致绝缘子闪络[3-7]。但也不是所有鸟粪都会导致绝缘子闪络,研究发现导致绝缘子闪络的鸟粪必须具有一定的连续性和足够的长度[8],并且鸟粪的半径越大,绝缘子空气间隙的击穿电压越低。文献[9-15]利用鸟粪模拟溶液进行实验,针对鸟粪闪络的影响因素进行模拟,如水平距离、鸟粪长度,并给出了相应的鸟粪闪络防护范围。除了模拟实验,国内研究人员针对不同电压等级绝缘子发生鸟粪闪络的情况也进行了仿真分析[16-20]
但上述研究无论是仿真还是实验都缺乏对鸟粪黏度因素的定量分析。在实验中通常采用固定长度的铁丝来等效代替鸟粪,仿真研究也主要是用一定长度的单一圆柱体代替鸟粪。而在现实中,220 kV复合I型绝缘子的长度基本都超过2 m。因此除了一些大型鸟类如秃鹫、老鹰外[21],很少有鸟类排出的连续鸟粪长度可以达到引起绝缘子闪络的长度,更多的是多段鸟粪导致绝缘子旁的组合空气间隙被击穿。
本文首先介绍鸟粪下落导致绝缘子闪络的宏观和微观过程,然后以此为基础进行建模和关键参数设置。分别对鸟粪下落时绝缘子表面切向场强的变化以及不同长度鸟粪下落对绝缘子闪络的影响进行分析。综合以上因素,针对不同黏度鸟粪造成绝缘子闪络的情况进行仿真,并提出不同黏度鸟粪组合空气间隙平均击穿场强的计算方法,最后针对鸟粪黏度对闪络的影响对防鸟罩进行改进,从而降低高黏度鸟粪导致绝缘子闪络的概率。
鸟粪下落导致绝缘子旁空气间隙击穿的过程整体上可以分为3个阶段。第1阶段:鸟粪喷出,鸟粪呈自由落体状态下落,下落过程中受到重力,鸟粪会逐渐拉长,形成一个细长的导体;第2阶段:由于鸟粪具有导电性,当其进入绝缘子所构成的空气间隙中时绝缘子周围的电场分布会发生畸变;第3阶段:随着鸟粪前端不断靠近绝缘子高压端,鸟粪前端与绝缘子高压端之间的空气间隙不断减小,该空气间隙所承受的场强不断增大。当该空气间隙所承受的场强高于空气间隙临界击穿场强时,该空气间隙就会发生击穿,从而形成局部电弧。当鸟粪长度足够长时,局部闪络会发展成整个绝缘子空气间隙的击穿,从而导致绝缘子闪络[22]
以鸟粪在绝缘子均压环正上方下落为例,复合绝缘子闪络微观示意图如图1所示。从图1可以看出,在外电场作用下,高压端均压环上鸟粪的投影点处首先发生空气电离,空气电离产生的电子进入高压端均压环的鸟粪投影点附近。正离子由于其移动速度相较于电子慢,看上去像是停留在空间中并在外电场的作用下缓慢向鸟粪下端及阴极移动;在正离子进入鸟粪后,其会在鸟粪的上端大量聚集,当正离子的密度达到一定程度时,鸟粪的上端也会发生空气电离;如不继续增大电压,鸟粪上端因空气电离产生的电子将会与本就聚集在鸟粪上端的正离子中和。当鸟粪上端因空气电离产生进入鸟粪内部的电子数与鸟粪下端因外电场作用进入鸟粪内部的正离子数达到动态平衡时,鸟粪上端附近的空气电离将被大幅削弱;如果此时继续增大电压,高压端均压环的鸟粪投影点附近会产生电子崩,电子崩经过一段时间的发展形成流注,流注的等离子体头部具有正电荷,减小了等离子体中的电场而加强了其头部的电场。流注头部前进方向的电场得到了加强,使得此处容易产生新的电子崩。电子崩的电子进入流注头部的正电荷区内,加强并延长了流注通道,其尾部的正离子则构成了流注头部的正电荷,随着流注头部的不断发展,加强了正流注与鸟粪下端之间的电场畸变,导致鸟粪下端附近开始发生电离,并引起电晕放电。同时由于鸟粪下端为负极,因空气电离产生的正离子进入鸟粪后会减弱电离。紧贴鸟粪下端的强电场同时产生大量的电子崩,造成弥散分布的等离子层。随着电压的继续增大,高压端均压环的鸟粪投影点处产生的流注放电及其头部的正空间电荷已经成为促进空气电离的主导因素,同时由鸟粪下端产生的等离子体层在向前推进的过程中和高压端均压环的鸟粪投影点产生的正极性流注头部相遇,发生正负离子的中和,从而导致整个高压端间隙被流注通道短接。随着大量正离子涌入高压端电极,鸟粪的电位被迅速抬升,最终导致低压端间隙被击穿。由上述分析可知,鸟粪导致的绝缘子串闪络过程是从鸟粪下端空气间隙的击穿开始的,然后到鸟粪上端的空气间隙击穿。
利用COMSOL软件进行鸟粪下落过程模型的搭建,绝缘子采用实际输电线路中较为常见的FXBW-220/210型绝缘子,绝缘子成I型悬挂。鸟粪的直径设置为3 mm,相对介电常数设置为1×105,初始电压为0 kV。仿真模型如图2所示。
高压端导线上的电压为220 kV时,设置导线及金具的电压为线路最高运行相电压的峰值Um=197.6 kV,横担及与横担直接相连的金具设置为零电位,鸟粪为悬浮电位。其他相关仿真参数如表1所示。
首先仿真没有鸟粪干扰时绝缘子的表面切向场强,然后分别在鸟粪距绝缘子轴线水平距离为100 mm和150 mm处的绝缘子表面取一截线,并对该截线上的切向场强进行分析,结果如图3所示。从图3可以看出,在有鸟粪的干扰下,绝缘子表面切向场强发生了明显变化,鸟粪与绝缘子距离越近,绝缘子表面切向场强畸变越严重。
绝缘子周围的电势由于鸟粪的存在发生比较明显的畸变,畸变主要体现在横担附近的均压环和靠近导线的均压环处,如图4图5所示。
由图35可以发现,在有鸟粪的情况下,复合绝缘子的头尾端即高压和低压端的均压环处电势和电场变化较大,同时结合大量绝缘子鸟害事故的现场报告,发现在绝缘子的高低压均压环处经常会出现烧蚀痕迹,因此后续针对多段鸟粪上下端空气间隙的击穿电压计算时,空气间隙长度也按照高压端的均压环和鸟粪下端之间的距离以及低压端均压环和鸟粪上端之间的距离来设定。
理论上在固定鸟粪下落轨迹的情况下,保持其他条件不变,仅以鸟粪长度作为变量时应存在一个定值,低于该定值长度的鸟粪在同一轨迹下落时并不会导致绝缘子发生闪络,因为上下端总存在一个空气间隙无法被击穿,不能构成一个完整的放电通路,所以本研究仿真鸟粪长度为1.4~2.0 m,每间隔0.1 m取1个鸟粪长度作为实验变量,鸟粪与绝缘子的水平距离为150 mm,观察不同长度鸟粪导致复合绝缘子击穿的情况,结果如表2所示。从表2可以看出,鸟粪长度越短越难发生闪络。220 kV复合I型绝缘子在下端空气间隙长度为195 mm时,鸟粪长度为1.6~1.7 m是在该水平距离下可以引发绝缘子空气间隙击穿的临界值。鸟粪长度大于1.7 m时,在该水平距离下落都会导致绝缘子的空气间隙击穿,鸟粪长度小于1.6 m时,在该水平距离下落则不会引起绝缘子的空气间隙击穿。由上述仿真结果可以推断,其他条件不变,对于分段鸟粪的情况,如果要发生鸟粪引起的绝缘子闪络,各段鸟粪长度与分段鸟粪之间的空气间隙长度之和则必须大于1.6 m,否则闪络无法发生。
鸟粪在下落过程中因受到重力因素的影响会变为线状,黏度越大,鸟粪的通道连续性就越好,从而由鸟粪产生的放电通路的空气间隙击穿电压就越小[23]。如果黏度太小,鸟粪在空中会断成很多段,段数越多,鸟粪的间隙就越多,所需的击穿电压就越大。
现实中不同黏度的鸟粪下落状态如图6所示[11]。从图6可以看出,黏度相差较大的鸟粪在空中所呈现的形态不同。当鸟粪黏度较低时,鸟粪在高空中下落一段距离后会在空气阻力以及绝缘子高压端电场力的作用下变成雨点状下落,该状态下的鸟粪几乎不会引发绝缘子闪络。当鸟粪黏度适中时,由于鸟粪黏度较高,鸟粪在空气中通常呈现分段式下落,该状态下的鸟粪较容易导致绝缘子闪络。由此可以推断,鸟粪黏度越高,鸟粪的连续性越好。因此当鸟粪黏度较高时,鸟粪的分段数量会随着黏度的增加而减少。理论上当黏度高到一定程度时,鸟粪在一定下落距离内可以保持形态为一段而不断裂。由于自然界鸟粪的黏度主要由于食物所决定,且不同体型鸟类的粪便体积也不同,因此鸟粪的分段数量具有很大的偶然性。
本研究定义鸟粪分4段代表黏度低,分3段代表黏度适中,分两段代表黏度高。鸟粪分为4段时的仿真模型如图7所示。
图8是保持高压端为最高运行相电压峰值197.6 kV,针对不同分段情况选取紧贴鸟粪的一截线上的场强分布。仿真条件是保持各段鸟粪长度总长与鸟粪间的空气间隙长度之和不变,变量为鸟粪分段的数量。图8中在下落轨迹长度为200、300、400、600、900、1 200 mm附近场强发生突变,这是由于仿真时这些距离为鸟粪的分段点,鸟粪在该处断开后,受到重力的影响,鸟粪断裂处会出现相对细小的结构,在外场强的作用下大量电荷会在此处聚集,从而使鸟粪分段点处电荷密度较大,导致鸟粪尖端附近的场强增大。
为了得到分段鸟粪构成的组合空气间隙的击穿电压计算方法,首先要知道该击穿过程是如何发生的。当绝缘子高压端和低压端之间存在多段鸟粪时,以两端鸟粪为例,其结构简图如图9所示。
图9中,Uh表示高压端电位;Ugnd表示低压端电位;d1d2d3分别表示①号鸟粪与高压端之间的距离、①号鸟粪与②号鸟粪之间的距离、②号鸟粪与低压端之间的距离;E1E2E3分别表示d1d2d3空气间隙的平均场强;Ui1Ui2分别表示①号和②鸟粪的悬浮电位;Ui1'Ui2'分别表示①号和②号鸟粪被击穿后电位抬升后的电位;Ubreak表示空气间隙的平均击穿场强(取值为5.66 kV/cm);Ub为组合空气间隙的击穿电压。
首先当多段组合鸟粪下落到一定距离时,高压端与①号鸟粪之间空气间隙d1的平均场强E1会大幅增强,因此空气间隙d1首先发生击穿,导致①号鸟粪的悬浮电位由Ui1升高为Ui1',从而增强了空气间隙d2之间的平均场强E2。当E2大于空气间隙的平均击穿场强Ubreak时,空气间隙d2也被击穿,此时②号鸟粪的悬浮电位Ui2被匀速升高至Ui2',则空气间隙d3的平均场强E3也大幅增强,直至击穿。至此整个分段鸟粪的组合空气间隙被完全击穿,复合绝缘子发生闪络。放电通道由空气间隙d1d2d3和①号鸟粪、②号鸟粪共同构成。两段鸟粪组合的空气间隙击穿电压计算流程如图10所示。
其他分段数量鸟粪的击穿电压计算方法与此类似。通过该计算方法,得出在其他影响因素不变的情况下,鸟粪不分段、鸟粪分两段、鸟粪分3段、鸟粪分4段时组合空气间隙的击穿电压如表3所示。仿真条件如下:保持各段鸟粪长度总长与鸟粪间的空气间隙长度两者之和不变,均为1.9 m;鸟粪与绝缘子的水平距离为150 mm。
表3可以得出:①随着鸟粪分段的数量增加,组合空气间隙的击穿电压不断增大。②随着鸟粪分段数量的增加,离高压端最近的空气间隙平均场强不断降低。③在鸟粪分段的情况下,靠近高压端的空气间隙场强最高。自下而上各段空气间隙的平均场强呈现出由高到低再升高的趋势。其中空气间隙的最低平均场强均出现在最下方两段鸟粪之间。整体上靠近高压端空气间隙的平均场强高于靠近低压端空气间隙的平均场强。
由于鸟粪的分段情况具有很大的偶然性,为了方便计算和比较,本研究将3种分段情况的空气间隙都取为100 mm。从分段鸟粪空气间隙场强的结果来看,随着鸟粪分段数量的增加,空气间隙间的场强整体呈不断减小的趋势。鸟粪分段处的空气间隙场强越小,则该空气间隙越难击穿,此时只有鸟粪上下端空气间隙、绝缘子的均压环和横担处的空气间隙以及鸟粪分段处的空气间隙都击穿才能导致绝缘子闪络发生。如果其中有一处的空气间隙无法击穿,那么就无法构成一条完整的放电通路,闪络无法发生。故从原理上来讲,鸟粪黏度越高,其连续性越好,则越容易导致绝缘子闪络;鸟粪黏度越低,其连续性越差,组合击穿间隙的电压越高,则越不容易导致绝缘子闪络。
目前防止鸟粪导致闪络的方法有两种:一种是加装驱鸟装置,例如声波驱鸟;另一种是安装防鸟挡板或者防鸟罩。但是即使安装了这两种装置,依然无法杜绝鸟粪闪络的发生。这是因为当鸟粪的量较大时,即使鸟粪已经落在防鸟罩上,但是当鸟粪沿着防鸟罩向下滴落时,如果鸟粪黏度很大,鸟粪依然会延展的很长,从而变相缩短高压端与低压端的距离,从而导致闪络的发生。因此可以对防鸟罩进行改进,例如在防鸟罩表面设计出一定深度的导流沟槽,实现对大量鸟粪的分流。图11为改进防鸟罩的正视图和俯视图,通过改进防鸟罩,即使有大量高黏度鸟粪滴落在防鸟罩的表面,通过分流沟槽也可将原本单一较长的鸟粪分解为多段较短的鸟粪。由于鸟粪的长度越短,其上下端空气间隙的长度就越大,鸟粪上下端空气间隙的平均场强就越小,鸟粪上下端的空气间隙就更加难以被击穿,最终实现降低鸟粪导致的绝缘子闪络发生的概率,从而保护输电线路的安全。
(1)绝缘子附近有较长鸟粪存在时,绝缘子表面的场强会发生畸变,电场的不均匀程度也会加剧,从而容易导致鸟粪的上下端空气间隙的场强大幅提高,以至于发生击穿。
(2)通过仿真,本研究给出了不同鸟粪分段情况的组合空气间隙击穿电压的计算方法,并得出结论:鸟粪黏度越高,连续性越好,则越容易导致绝缘子闪络;鸟粪黏度越低,连续性越差,则越不容易导致绝缘子闪络。
(3)现实中由于鸟粪黏度无法控制,可以采用分流防鸟罩将黏度高的鸟粪分流成多段较短的鸟粪,从而变相增大鸟粪与绝缘子高低压端的空气间隙长度,降低鸟粪闪络的概率。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2022D01C21)
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2024.07.017
  • 接收时间:2023-07-28
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2024-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-28
  • 修回日期:2023-09-16
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新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2022D01C21)
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    新疆大学 电气工程学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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