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Article(id=1199639739851702690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1199639737100235003, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.09.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1657123200000, receivedDateStr=2022-07-07, revisedDate=1677427200000, revisedDateStr=2023-02-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763946002209, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1695139200000, pubDateStr=2023-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763946002209, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763946002209, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763946002209, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199639737100235003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2023', volume='56', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='107', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763946001553, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563671560, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210619040956027365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1199639737100235003, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210619040956027366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1199639737100235003, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=23, endPage=28, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199639740510208422, articleId=1199639739851702690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Preparation and properties of sandwich structured aramid nanofiber composite dielectric films with high-temperature resistance, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Organic-inorganic composite dielectrics are often difficult to have both high dielectric constant and high electric strength. In this paper, a sandwich structured composite film was prepared by using aramid nanofibers (ANF) as high-temperature resistant matrix, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) as electrical breakdown enhancer, and barium titanate particles (BT) as dielectric modifier through step-by-step vacuum filtration and hot-pressing method, and the effects of sandwich structure and different modifier content on the microstructure and dielectric properties of the composite films were studied. The results show that the sandwich structured composite films have high flexibility and excellent high-temperature stability. The addition of BT decreases the electric strength of single layer and sandwich structured composite films, while the addition of BNNS increases the electric strength of the composite films. The individual addition of BT or BNNS can increase the dielectric constant of composite films at low frequency, while the simultaneous addition of BT and BNNS can increase the dielectric constant in wide frequency domain. Therefore, a composite film with balanced dielectric properties and electric strength can be obtained by adjusting the sandwich structure and modifier content in each layer. When taking the ANF/BNNS film with 10% mass fraction of BNNS as the outer layer and the ANF/BT film with 10% mass fraction of BT as the core layer, the dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor, and electric strength of the prepared composite film is 1.41 (1 kHz), 0.013 (1 kHz), and 13.3 kV/mm, respectively.

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有机-无机复合电介质通常难以兼具高介电常数和高电气强度。本文选用芳纶纳米纤维（ANF）作为耐高温基体，以氮化硼纳米片（BNNS）为电击穿改性剂、钛酸钡颗粒（BT）为介电改性剂，采用分步抽滤-热压法制备具有夹芯结构的复合薄膜，并研究了夹芯结构和不同改性剂含量对复合薄膜微观结构和介电性能的影响。结果表明：夹芯结构复合薄膜具有良好的柔韧性和优异的高温稳定性。BT的加入使单层和夹芯结构复合薄膜的电气强度下降，而BNNS的加入使其电气强度提升；单独加入BT或BNNS均可提升复合薄膜低频区的介电常数，而两者同时添加可使介电常数在宽频域内提升。因此，通过调配夹芯结构及各层改性剂含量可获得介电性能和电气强度均衡的复合薄膜，当以BNNS质量分数为10%的ANF/BNNS薄膜为外层、BT质量分数为10%的ANF/BT薄膜为芯层时，所得复合薄膜的介电常数为1.41（1 kHz），介质损耗因数为0.013（1 kHz），电气强度为13.3 kV/mm。

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熊宥皓（2001-），男（汉族），四川广安人，本科生，研究方向为耐高温绝缘电介质；

赵永生（1988-），男（汉族），甘肃兰州人，助理教授，博士，研究方向为耐高温绝缘电介质、高分子加工与物理。

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熊宥皓（2001-），男（汉族），四川广安人，本科生，研究方向为耐高温绝缘电介质；

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熊宥皓（2001-），男（汉族），四川广安人，本科生，研究方向为耐高温绝缘电介质；

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赵永生（1988-），男（汉族），甘肃兰州人，助理教授，博士，研究方向为耐高温绝缘电介质、高分子加工与物理。

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赵永生（1988-），男（汉族），甘肃兰州人，助理教授，博士，研究方向为耐高温绝缘电介质、高分子加工与物理。

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The search for enhanced dielectric strength of polymer-based dielectrics: A focused review on polymer nanocomposites[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2020,137:49379., articleTitle=The search for enhanced dielectric strength of polymer-based dielectrics: A focused review on polymer nanocomposites, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217470072608703110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1199639739851702690, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=2, issue=8, pageStart=5499, pageEnd=5506, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=LIW B, ZHOUD, XUR, journalName=ACS Applied Energy Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIW B, ZHOUD, XUR, et al. BaTiO3-based multilayers with outstanding energy storage performance for high temperature capacitor applications[J]. 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芳纶纳米纤维基夹芯结构耐高温复合电介质薄膜的制备及性能研究
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熊宥皓 1, 2 , 刘溪瑞 1, 2 , 张天旭 1, 2 , 闫浩楠 1, 2 , 马宇琪 1, 2 , 赵永生 1, 2, 3, 4 , 张广成 1, 2
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2023,56(9): 23-28
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2023, 56(9): 23-28
芳纶纳米纤维基夹芯结构耐高温复合电介质薄膜的制备及性能研究
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熊宥皓1, 2, 刘溪瑞1, 2, 张天旭1, 2, 闫浩楠1, 2, 马宇琪1, 2, 赵永生1, 2, 3, 4, 张广成1, 2
作者信息
  • 1西北工业大学，化学与化工学院，陕西 西安 710072
  • 2西北工业大学，伦敦玛丽女王大学工程学院，陕西 西安 710072
  • 3四川大学 高分子材料与工程国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610065
  • 4西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室，陕西 西安 710049

    • 熊宥皓（2001-），男（汉族），四川广安人，本科生，研究方向为耐高温绝缘电介质；

    赵永生（1988-），男（汉族），甘肃兰州人，助理教授，博士，研究方向为耐高温绝缘电介质、高分子加工与物理。

Preparation and properties of sandwich structured aramid nanofiber composite dielectric films with high-temperature resistance
Youhao XIONG1, 2, Xirui LIU1, 2, Tianxu ZHANG1, 2, Haonan YAN1, 2, Yuqi MA1, 2, Yongsheng ZHAO1, 2, 3, 4, Guangcheng ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi′an 710072, China
  • 2Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi′an 710072, China
  • 3State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
  • 4State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi′an Jiaotong University, Xi′an 710049, China
出版时间: 2023-09-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.09.004
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摘要
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有机-无机复合电介质通常难以兼具高介电常数和高电气强度。本文选用芳纶纳米纤维（ANF）作为耐高温基体，以氮化硼纳米片（BNNS）为电击穿改性剂、钛酸钡颗粒（BT）为介电改性剂，采用分步抽滤-热压法制备具有夹芯结构的复合薄膜，并研究了夹芯结构和不同改性剂含量对复合薄膜微观结构和介电性能的影响。结果表明：夹芯结构复合薄膜具有良好的柔韧性和优异的高温稳定性。BT的加入使单层和夹芯结构复合薄膜的电气强度下降，而BNNS的加入使其电气强度提升；单独加入BT或BNNS均可提升复合薄膜低频区的介电常数，而两者同时添加可使介电常数在宽频域内提升。因此，通过调配夹芯结构及各层改性剂含量可获得介电性能和电气强度均衡的复合薄膜，当以BNNS质量分数为10%的ANF/BNNS薄膜为外层、BT质量分数为10%的ANF/BT薄膜为芯层时，所得复合薄膜的介电常数为1.41（1 kHz），介质损耗因数为0.013（1 kHz），电气强度为13.3 kV/mm。

耐高温电介质  /  芳纶纳米纤维  /  夹芯结构  /  介电性能

Organic-inorganic composite dielectrics are often difficult to have both high dielectric constant and high electric strength. In this paper, a sandwich structured composite film was prepared by using aramid nanofibers (ANF) as high-temperature resistant matrix, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) as electrical breakdown enhancer, and barium titanate particles (BT) as dielectric modifier through step-by-step vacuum filtration and hot-pressing method, and the effects of sandwich structure and different modifier content on the microstructure and dielectric properties of the composite films were studied. The results show that the sandwich structured composite films have high flexibility and excellent high-temperature stability. The addition of BT decreases the electric strength of single layer and sandwich structured composite films, while the addition of BNNS increases the electric strength of the composite films. The individual addition of BT or BNNS can increase the dielectric constant of composite films at low frequency, while the simultaneous addition of BT and BNNS can increase the dielectric constant in wide frequency domain. Therefore, a composite film with balanced dielectric properties and electric strength can be obtained by adjusting the sandwich structure and modifier content in each layer. When taking the ANF/BNNS film with 10% mass fraction of BNNS as the outer layer and the ANF/BT film with 10% mass fraction of BT as the core layer, the dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor, and electric strength of the prepared composite film is 1.41 (1 kHz), 0.013 (1 kHz), and 13.3 kV/mm, respectively.

high-temperature resistant dielectrics  /  aramid nanofibers  /  sandwich structure  /  dielectric properties
熊宥皓, 刘溪瑞, 张天旭, 闫浩楠, 马宇琪, 赵永生, 张广成. 芳纶纳米纤维基夹芯结构耐高温复合电介质薄膜的制备及性能研究. 绝缘材料, 2023 , 56 (9) : 23 -28 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.09.004
Youhao XIONG, Xirui LIU, Tianxu ZHANG, Haonan YAN, Yuqi MA, Yongsheng ZHAO, Guangcheng ZHANG. Preparation and properties of sandwich structured aramid nanofiber composite dielectric films with high-temperature resistance[J]. Insulating Materials, 2023 , 56 (9) : 23 -28 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.09.004
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0 引言
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由于传统不可再生资源的短缺，对新型储能设备的需求激增，电子器件向小型化、低能耗、大功率方向发展。介质电容器作为一类重要的功率型储能组件，因具有功率密度高、充电效率高、质量轻等优点而受到广泛关注，且已经在电网调频、新能源汽车、高端医疗设备以及先进电磁炮等大功率储能和脉冲功率系统中发挥着关键作用[1-2]。各类小型化高集成度的器件和系统在长时间运行时会产生大量热量，对电容器的安全性和稳定性提出了额外要求，因此对耐高温介质电容器的需求日益迫切。
对位芳纶纤维是一种高结晶度和高取向度的纤维，具有优异的耐高温特性，可与芳纶浆粕或沉析纤维复配并经湿法抄造制备芳纶纸，在高铁、电机绝缘领域具有重要应用价值[3-5]。早期研究发现，在二甲基亚砜（DMSO）中不同碱处理可以促进对位聚芳酰胺（PPTA）去质子化进而形成可溶性聚阴离子[6-7]。2011年YANG M等[8]提出基于宏观对位芳纶纤维的部分去质子化过程来实现芳纶纳米纤维（aramid nanofiber，ANF）的制备及水相稳定分散，这是制备ANF的首创性工作。本课题组前期利用ANF抽滤制备的耐高温纳米芳纶薄膜具有优异的机械强度（84.8 MPa）和电气强度（74.4 kV/mm）[9]。ANF相较于目前最常用的柔性材料双轴拉伸取向聚丙烯（BOPP）薄膜具有更加优异的热稳定性，相较于许多耐高温聚合物如聚酰亚胺（PI）、聚醚醚酮（PEEK）、聚乙二醇对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）等具有更高的电气强度[10-11]。但是，ANF纳米薄膜的介电常数较低，限制了其作为储能电介质薄膜时的储能密度。
聚合物基体具有优异的介电性能和柔性，是介质电容器的常用材料[12]，而在聚合物基体中引入无机填料形成复合介电材料，是大幅提升聚合物介电常数，同时保持其他优良物理性能最有效的方法之一[13]。ANF具有低密度、高柔性的特点，兼顾优异的力学性能，因此是耐高温介电薄膜的优选基体材料[14-15]。为进一步提升ANF纳米薄膜的介电常数和电气强度，可将氮化硼纳米片（BNNS）和钛酸钡（BT）作为无机填料与ANF组成三元复合体系。其中，BNNS是一种具有六方结构的二维薄片材料，具有优异的导热特性，可以作为填料改善基体材料的导热性能和电击穿性能[16-17]。BT是一种强铁电材料，具有很高的介电常数[18]，可以提升基体材料的介电常数。近年来，虽然已有许多研究者通过简单的共混复合方式提高了电介质的储能密度，但是仍面临介电常数与电气强度相互制约的问题[19-20]。YI Z H等[21]制备了不同尺寸的夹芯结构NBT-NPs/PVDF复合材料，在350 kV/mm的较低电场下储能密度可达到11.7 J/cm3，并具有优异的极化能力。WANG R等[22]制备了夹芯结构的BaTiO3@SiO2@PDA/PVDF复合材料，其电气强度达到633 MV/m，放电能量密度最高为15.4 J/cm3，仿真结果表明，夹芯结构不仅可以提高界面载流子势垒，而且可以优化复合材料内部的电场分布，降低击穿概率。WANG C等[23]提出了一种由线性介电聚合物和铁电聚合物组成的夹芯结构介电聚合物薄膜，其最大电气强度为530 kV/mm，最大放电能量密度为8.0 J/cm3。可以看出，构建不同的介电层并组成叠层结构可以在一定程度上实现电气强度和介电常数的同时提升。
通过理论分析，ANF作为基体材料可显著提高电介质的工作温度，ANF/BNNS复合膜作为A层可以提高电击穿性能，ANF/BT复合膜作为B层可以提高介电常数[24]。因此，本研究采用芳纶纳米纤维ANF作为聚合物基体，BNNS和BT作为无机填料，采用真空抽滤-热压法制备一系列不同皮-芯层组合（A-B-A或B-A-B）和不同填料用量的薄膜，并与二元ANF/BNNS、ANF/BT及三元ANF/BNNS/BT共混薄膜开展对比研究，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征复合膜的微观结构，分析不同叠层组合方式及填料用量对芳纶纳米纤维基复合薄膜介电常数、介质损耗因数及电气强度的影响规律，为高性能耐高温绝缘电介质薄膜的开发和应用提供参考。
1 实验
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1.1 主要原材料
芳纶短切纤维（1580DTEX型），杜邦公司；氮化硼纳米片（BNNS，粒径约0.1 μm）、钛酸钡纳米颗粒（BT，纯度为99.9%，粒径＜0.1 μm）、二甲基亚砜（DMSO，纯度为99.5%），Aladdin公司。KOH，纯度为85%，富宇化学公司。
1.2 样品制备
以芳纶短切纤维为原料，采用DMSO/KOH去质子化工艺制备芳纶纳米纤维（ANF）。在200 mL DMSO中加入2 g 芳纶短切纤维和1.5 g KOH粉末，制备浓度为20 mg/mL的混合物，在室温下搅拌7 d，待纤维内的氢键充分解离后，得到暗红色的ANF溶液。将BNNS加入DMSO中，搅拌得到浓度为0.5 mg/mL的BNNS/DMSO悬浮液。BT/DMSO悬浮液的制备方法与BNNS/DMSO相同。将悬浮液置于声波浴中处理3 h，避免沉降。
复合薄膜的制备：按照实验设计的比例分别称取相应的ANF、BNNS悬浮液相混合。机械搅拌后，向烧杯中加入25 mL去离子水，通过均质器进一步搅拌10 min。然后采用真空抽滤的方法制备不同BNNS含量的复合层作为A层（ANF/BNNS层），采用相同的方法制备了不同BT含量的B层（ANF/BT层），如图1所示。然后将制备的A层和B层分别按照A-B-A和B-A-B的顺序堆叠在一起，形成夹芯结构。将A-B-A型夹芯复合薄膜置于两块玻璃板之间，在110℃下加热1 h，然后在200℃下热压干燥 2 h。为进行比较，采用相同的方法制备了B-A-B型夹芯复合薄膜。方便起见，将A-B-A和B-A-B型夹心复合薄膜分别命名为ABA（x-y-x）、BAB（y-x-y）。为了对比，采用相同单层工艺制备了纯ANF薄膜以及二元ANF/xBNNS、ANF/yBT和三元ANF/xBNNS/yBT复合薄膜，其中x代表BNNS的质量分数，y代表BT的质量分数。
1.3 表征与测试
采用美国赛默飞公司的Verios G4型场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察复合薄膜的表面和断面形貌，工作电压为10 kV。采用英国WayneKerr公司生产的VDMS-2000型阻抗测试仪测量复合薄膜的介电常数和介质损耗因数。采用德国Netzsch公司的STA 449F3型热分析仪对复合薄膜进行热重分析，氩气氛围，温度为40～650℃，升温速率为10℃/min。利用德国Bruker公司的D3X型射线衍射仪表征复合薄膜的晶体结构。采用深圳市美瑞克电子科技有限公司的RK2674A型耐压测试仪测试复合薄膜的电气强度。
2 结果与讨论
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2.1 ANF复合纳米薄膜的制备
芳纶短切纤维沿纤维轴方向具有较高的模量和抗拉强度，这是由于其具有高取向性和刚性主链结构。在KOH存在下，将芳纶短切纤维加入二甲基亚砜（DMSO）中，得到稳定均匀的暗红色纳米纤维体系。加入去离子水经过去质子化和部分质子化过程，得到直径约为20 nm的均匀化ANF网状结构（图2(a)）。分别将BNNS和BT纳米填料加入DMSO中。超声波处理后，BNNS、BT在DMSO中分散良好，但静置一段时间后出现少量沉淀。而配置的ANF/BNNS和ANF/BT水溶液体系分散相对均匀，真空抽滤后得到单层膜，表面光滑，结构完整。将复合膜从滤纸上取下后，与其他复合膜叠合，热压干燥后得到具有夹芯结构的叠层复合薄膜，如图2所示。虽然复合薄膜表面有脱水引起的收缩，但仍具有较高的完整性和均匀度，并且能够利用抽滤器尺寸和浆料配置浓度调控复合薄膜的尺寸和厚度，并可进一步通过折叠、裁剪等方法满足各类形状或后处理需求。
2.2 ANF复合薄膜的力学性能
图3为ABA(30-10-30)复合薄膜简单的力学性能测试结果。由图3可以看出，ABA(30-10-30)复合薄膜在弯曲条件下不会开裂，同时可以承受一定载荷，在悬挂盛满水的烧杯后没有发生破损，具有良好的柔韧性。
2.3 ANF复合薄膜的微观结构
利用SEM观察ANF薄膜和夹芯复合薄膜的微观形貌，结果如图4所示。从图4(a)可以看出，纯ANF薄膜的表面平整光滑。从图4(b)可以看出，复合薄膜的表面虽然存在褶皱，但无明显裂纹，这是由于干燥过程中脱水收缩引起的。此外，可以看出BNNS片层和BT颗粒在ANF基体中分散均匀，无明显团聚现象。从图4(c)可以看出，复合薄膜具有显著的层状结构，每一层的厚度均匀，但是由于无机填料未经过任何表面处理，与ANF基体结合力有限，因而出现了空洞、孔隙，对样品完整性造成不良影响。综上表明本研究制得了夹芯结构的芳纶纳米纤维基复合薄膜。
单层薄膜和夹芯复合薄膜的XRD测试结果如图5所示。
从图5可以看出，16.7°和21.3°处的弥散型衍射峰对应于ANF的(110)和(200)晶面，表明ANF去质子化后仍具有晶体结构，保留了芳纶优异的耐高温性能和力学性能。在BAB样品中，在31.6°、38.9°、45.3°处存在明显的衍射峰，对应钛酸钡的(101)/(110)、(111)、(002)/(200)晶面，且衍射峰尖锐，为立方钙钛矿结构[25]。BNNS的特征峰位于26.9°，对应其(002)晶面。因此，复合薄膜保留了各组分的基本物理特性。
2.4 ANF复合薄膜的介电性能
通过测量不同复合薄膜的介电常数、介质损耗因数和电气强度，研究不同填料填充量对夹芯复合薄膜介电性能的影响，结果如图6和图7所示。通过对每一组样品进行纵向比较，可以看出BT的含量对材料介电常数的提升非常有效。随着BT含量的增加，虽然复合薄膜的介电性能提高，但可以发现存在不稳定现象，这主要是由于样品的质量和测试过程中表面的褶皱造成的。
对于A-B-A型复合薄膜，从图6(a)～(b)可以看出，当外层BNNS含量低时，样品的介电常数高；而固定外层组成后，随着芯层BT含量的增加，介电常数提升显著。进一步提升外层BNNS含量或芯层BT含量，A-B-A型复合薄膜的介质损耗因数均得到抑制。对于B-A-B型复合薄膜，从图6(c)～(d)可以看出，当外层BT质量分数为20%，芯层BNNS质量分数为10%时，复合薄膜的介电常数高，同时介质损耗因数较低；在BT含量相同时，芯层填充大量BNNS后，复合薄膜的介质损耗因数显著提升，因此，需要控制BNNS的含量。从图6(e)～(f)可以看出，对于不同结构的薄膜样品，二元复合的ANF/BNNS或ANF/BT薄膜介电常数在低频区提升非常显著，同时薄膜的介质损耗因数非常高；但是三元ANF/BNNS/BT共混结构或夹层结构均显著改善了薄膜的宽频适用特性，在较宽的频率范围内介电常数几乎不变，同时薄膜的介质损耗因数较低。在填料及含量相同的情况下，共混结构薄膜的介电常数略高于夹芯结构复合薄膜，主要是由于共混结构薄膜的填料填充率更高，样品致密性更好[26]。综合而言，ABA（10-10-10）夹芯结构复合薄膜在1 kHz下的介电常数为1.41，介质损耗因数为0.013，具有较优异的介电性能。
BNNS和BT的含量都会影响材料的电气强度。从图7可以看出，与直接混合的ANF/BNNS/BT单层复合薄膜相比，夹芯结构复合薄膜具有更高的电气强度。部分单层结构薄膜的电气强度优于夹芯结构复合薄膜，这主要是由于夹芯结构复合薄膜可能存在界面问题以及层间孔隙等缺陷。
分析图6(a)和图6(c)以及图7可以看出，具有相同含量的BNNS和BT的复合薄膜在A-B-A结构和B-A-B结构下表现出不同的介电和电击穿特性，而且外膜对整个复合薄膜具有更显著的影响。在相同的填料含量下，A-B-A结构复合薄膜具有更优的介电性能，而B-A-B结构复合薄膜具有更高的电气强度。
2.5 ANF复合薄膜的热性能
图8为ANF薄膜和夹芯结构复合薄膜的热重曲线。从图8可以看出，夹芯结构复合薄膜具有良好的热稳定性，起始失重温度约为400℃，说明复合膜具有耐高温特性，这与ANF的耐热性相当。此外，整个失重过程在超过550℃后样品接近达到恒重，这主要是由于ANF被破坏甚至碳化造成的。最终剩余物占原有材料的质量分数约为60%，与无机填料的填充量相当。
3 结论
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本研究采用分层真空抽滤-热压法成功制备了具有夹芯结构的复合薄膜，实现了电气强度和介电常数的协同提升。高带隙、高绝缘性能的BNNS提高了复合材料的电气强度，而BT提高了复合材料的介电常数，有利于电极化强度的提高。对于A-B-A和B-A-B结构的夹芯结构复合薄膜，在相同粉体填充量时，外层相对芯层对整个复合薄膜介电性能的影响更大。因此，选择合适的粉体含量和夹芯结构将有助于提升芳纶纳米纤维复合电介质薄膜的综合介电性能。
基金
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  • 高分子材料与工程国家重点实验室（四川大学）开放基金项目(sklpme2019-4-37)
  • 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室（西安交通大学）开放基金项目(EIPE19201)
文献
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2023年第56卷第9期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.09.004
  • 接收时间：2022-07-07
  • 首发时间：2025-11-24
  • 出版时间：2023-09-20
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  • 收稿日期：2022-07-07
  • 修回日期：2023-02-27
基金
高分子材料与工程国家重点实验室（四川大学）开放基金项目(sklpme2019-4-37)
电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室（西安交通大学）开放基金项目(EIPE19201)
作者信息
    1西北工业大学，化学与化工学院，陕西 西安 710072
    2西北工业大学，伦敦玛丽女王大学工程学院，陕西 西安 710072
    3四川大学 高分子材料与工程国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610065
    4西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室，陕西 西安 710049
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.09.004
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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