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Article(id=1198667876392595466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198667875570516115, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.06.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1657036800000, receivedDateStr=2022-07-06, revisedDate=1666627200000, revisedDateStr=2022-10-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763714291904, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1687190400000, pubDateStr=2023-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763714291904, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763714291904, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763714291904, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198667875570516115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2023', volume='56', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='109', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763714291707, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563574379, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210618633332585027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198667875570516115, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210618633332585028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198667875570516115, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=54, endPage=58, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198667876665225227, articleId=1198667876392595466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Simulation and optimization of insulation structure of 500 kV natural ester insulating oil transformer, columnId=1190369198472794288, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Insulation Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

When the typical insulation structure of 500 kV transformer based on mineral oil is directly applied to the natural ester insulating oil transformer, there are weak points of insulation that need to be improved. In this study, the safety margin of the insulation structure scheme for mineral oil was improved by increasing the main insulation distance, thickening the winding insulation, and optimizing the distribution of longitudinal capacitance of the winding. A designing scheme of insulation structure for 500 kV natural ester insulation oil transformer was formed, and simulation verification of the main insulation and longitudinal insulation of the new scheme was carried out. The results show that the scheme meets the insulation design requirements, the prototype of 500 kV natural ester insulating oil transformer developed with this scheme has successfully passed all the insulating tests.

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基于矿物油的典型500 kV变压器绝缘结构直接用于天然酯绝缘油变压器时，存在绝缘薄弱点，需要对其进行改进。本研究通过增大主绝缘距离、加厚绕组绝缘及优化绕组纵向电容分布等方式，提升矿物油变压器绝缘结构方案的安全裕度，以形成500 kV天然酯绝缘油变压器绝缘结构设计方案，并对新方案进行主、纵绝缘仿真验证。结果表明：该方案满足绝缘设计要求，使用该方案研制的500 kV天然酯绝缘油变压器样机顺利通过全部绝缘试验。

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纪蔚涛（1993-），男（汉族），山东济南人，工程师，主要从事电力变压器绝缘仿真的研究；

杜迎辉（1974-），男（汉族），山东德州人，高级工程师，主要从事电力变压器技术研发的研究。

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纪蔚涛（1993-），男（汉族），山东济南人，工程师，主要从事电力变压器绝缘仿真的研究；

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纪蔚涛（1993-），男（汉族），山东济南人，工程师，主要从事电力变压器绝缘仿真的研究；

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杜迎辉（1974-），男（汉族），山东德州人，高级工程师，主要从事电力变压器技术研发的研究。

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杜迎辉（1974-），男（汉族），山东德州人，高级工程师，主要从事电力变压器技术研发的研究。

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667876392595466, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=57, issue=10, pageStart=64, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=宋浩永, 黄青丹, 陈于晴, journalName=变压器, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋浩永,黄青丹,陈于晴,等.110kV天然酯绝缘油变压器的绝缘分析[J].变压器,2020,57(10):64-69., articleTitle=110kV天然酯绝缘油变压器的绝缘分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217470457473847799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667876392595466, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=52, issue=11, pageStart=89, pageEnd=94, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=胡小博, 陈荣, 郭明邦, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡小博,陈荣,郭明邦,等.天然酯绝缘油与矿物绝缘油混油后变压器温升特性的仿真分析[J].绝缘材料,2019,52(11):89-94., articleTitle=天然酯绝缘油与矿物绝缘油混油后变压器温升特性的仿真分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217470457629037053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667876392595466, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=55, issue=9, pageStart=89, pageEnd=95, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=刘彦男, 王浩名, 杜振斌, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘彦男,王浩名,杜振斌,等.天然酯绝缘油对电力变压器绕组温升及过负载特性的影响[J].绝缘材料,2022,55(9):89-95., articleTitle=天然酯绝缘油对电力变压器绕组温升及过负载特性的影响, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217470447185219683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667876392595466, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217470447189413987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667876392595466, companyId=1217470447185219683, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Shandong Power Equipment Company Ltd., Jinan 250002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217470447197802596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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ArticleFig(id=1217470455045345696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667876392595466, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=The insulation level of transformer, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
端子雷电全波电压雷电截波电压操作波电压交流耐压电压
高压首端1 5501 6751 175680
中压首端9501 050750395
中性点325——140
低压首末端325360—140
), ArticleFig(id=1217470455242477990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667876392595466, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变压器的绝缘水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
端子雷电全波电压雷电截波电压操作波电压交流耐压电压
高压首端1 5501 6751 175680
中压首端9501 050750395
中性点325——140
低压首末端325360—140
), ArticleFig(id=1217470455338946986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667876392595466, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Field strength margin between HV-MV windings under lightning impulse, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电力线平均场强/(kV/mm)最大场强/(kV/mm)最小场强/(kV/mm)安全裕度
中压线饼外径侧18.1519.4917.471.17
高压线饼内径侧18.3019.2817.751.13
), ArticleFig(id=1217470455410250159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667876392595466, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

雷电冲击下高压-中压绕组间场强裕度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电力线平均场强/(kV/mm)最大场强/(kV/mm)最小场强/(kV/mm)安全裕度
中压线饼外径侧18.1519.4917.471.17
高压线饼内径侧18.3019.2817.751.13
), ArticleFig(id=1217470455485747634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667876392595466, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=Field strength margin between regulating and excitation windings under power frequency electric field, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电力线平均场强/(kV/mm)最大场强/(kV/mm)最小场强/(kV/mm)安全裕度
励磁静电环内径侧5.356.604.491.12
励磁线饼内径侧4.274.563.931.70
励磁静电环外径侧3.574.833.041.44
励磁线饼外径侧0.720.990.577.58
), ArticleFig(id=1217470455569633717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667876392595466, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

工频电场下调压-励磁绕组间场强裕度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电力线平均场强/(kV/mm)最大场强/(kV/mm)最小场强/(kV/mm)安全裕度
励磁静电环内径侧5.356.604.491.12
励磁线饼内径侧4.274.563.931.70
励磁静电环外径侧3.574.833.041.44
励磁线饼外径侧0.720.990.577.58
), ArticleFig(id=1217470455687074234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667876392595466, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=Field strength margin between HV-MV windings under lightning impulse, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电力线平均场强/(kV/mm)最大场强/(kV/mm)最小场强/(kV/mm)安全裕度
中压线饼外径侧17.3118.6716.621.32
高压线饼内径侧17.4918.4116.921.36
), ArticleFig(id=1217470455779348928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667876392595466, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

雷电冲击下高压-中压绕组间场强裕度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电力线平均场强/(kV/mm)最大场强/(kV/mm)最小场强/(kV/mm)安全裕度
中压线饼外径侧17.3118.6716.621.32
高压线饼内径侧17.4918.4116.921.36
), ArticleFig(id=1217470455867429316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667876392595466, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=Field strength margin between regulation and excitation windings under power frequency electric field, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电力线平均场强/(kV/mm)最大场强/(kV/mm)最小场强/(kV/mm)安全裕度
励磁静电环内径侧5.886.955.121.35
励磁线饼内径侧5.035.364.851.80
励磁静电环外径侧3.164.212.711.38
励磁线饼外径侧0.670.860.578.20
), ArticleFig(id=1217470455959704009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667876392595466, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

工频电场下调压-励磁绕组间场强裕度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电力线平均场强/(kV/mm)最大场强/(kV/mm)最小场强/(kV/mm)安全裕度
励磁静电环内径侧5.886.955.121.35
励磁线饼内径侧5.035.364.851.80
励磁静电环外径侧3.164.212.711.38
励磁线饼外径侧0.670.860.578.20
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500 kV天然酯绝缘油变压器绝缘结构仿真优化
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纪蔚涛 , 杜迎辉 , 李象军 , 臧英
绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2023,56(6): 54-58
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绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2023, 56(6): 54-58
500 kV天然酯绝缘油变压器绝缘结构仿真优化
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纪蔚涛, 杜迎辉, 李象军, 臧英
作者信息
  • 山东电力设备有限公司，山东 济南 250002

    • 纪蔚涛（1993-），男（汉族），山东济南人，工程师，主要从事电力变压器绝缘仿真的研究；

    杜迎辉（1974-），男（汉族），山东德州人，高级工程师，主要从事电力变压器技术研发的研究。

Simulation and optimization of insulation structure of 500 kV natural ester insulating oil transformer
Weitao JI, Yinghui DU, Xiangjun LI, Ying ZANG
Affiliations
  • Shandong Power Equipment Company Ltd., Jinan 250002, China
出版时间: 2023-06-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.06.009
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摘要
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基于矿物油的典型500 kV变压器绝缘结构直接用于天然酯绝缘油变压器时，存在绝缘薄弱点，需要对其进行改进。本研究通过增大主绝缘距离、加厚绕组绝缘及优化绕组纵向电容分布等方式，提升矿物油变压器绝缘结构方案的安全裕度，以形成500 kV天然酯绝缘油变压器绝缘结构设计方案，并对新方案进行主、纵绝缘仿真验证。结果表明：该方案满足绝缘设计要求，使用该方案研制的500 kV天然酯绝缘油变压器样机顺利通过全部绝缘试验。

天然酯  /  变压器  /  500 kV  /  主绝缘  /  纵绝缘  /  仿真

When the typical insulation structure of 500 kV transformer based on mineral oil is directly applied to the natural ester insulating oil transformer, there are weak points of insulation that need to be improved. In this study, the safety margin of the insulation structure scheme for mineral oil was improved by increasing the main insulation distance, thickening the winding insulation, and optimizing the distribution of longitudinal capacitance of the winding. A designing scheme of insulation structure for 500 kV natural ester insulation oil transformer was formed, and simulation verification of the main insulation and longitudinal insulation of the new scheme was carried out. The results show that the scheme meets the insulation design requirements, the prototype of 500 kV natural ester insulating oil transformer developed with this scheme has successfully passed all the insulating tests.

natural ester  /  transformer  /  500 kV  /  main insulation  /  longitudinal insulation  /  simulation
纪蔚涛, 杜迎辉, 李象军, 臧英. 500 kV天然酯绝缘油变压器绝缘结构仿真优化. 绝缘材料, 2023 , 56 (6) : 54 -58 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.06.009
Weitao JI, Yinghui DU, Xiangjun LI, Ying ZANG. Simulation and optimization of insulation structure of 500 kV natural ester insulating oil transformer[J]. Insulating Materials, 2023 , 56 (6) : 54 -58 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.06.009
正文
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0 引言
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目前变压器广泛使用的矿物绝缘油由于燃点低，在变压器过热或内部短路故障的情况下可能发生火灾或爆炸事故，无法满足特种应用场景下对安全、消防的需求；此外，其生物降解率低于30%，如发生泄漏将对环境造成严重污染[1]。而天然酯的燃点高达300℃，28天的自然降解率达到95%[2]，且其介电常数与绝缘纸的介电常数更接近，使得基于天然酯绝缘油的油纸绝缘系统电场分布更加均匀，可有效延缓油纸绝缘的老化寿命，大幅度提升变压器的过负荷能力[3]。基于以上优点，天然酯绝缘油在替代矿物绝缘油的市场中拥有广阔前景[4]。
天然酯绝缘油变压器的研制始于20世纪90年代，目前世界范围内在运的天然酯绝缘油变压器已突破200万台[5]。电压等级最高的为西门子研制的420 kV/300 MVA天然酯绝缘油变压器，于2014年在德国Bruchsal-Kändelweg变电站调试成功并投入运营[6]。国内方面，重庆大学、西安交通大学的研究团队对天然酯各项特性做了大量基础研究[7-8]；广州供电局牵头研发的国内首台110 kV及220 kV（国内电压等级最高）天然酯绝缘油变压器分别在2017年和2021年挂网运行，实现了国内天然酯绝缘油变压器从配变到主变的跨越；目前已有包括西电、正泰、山东电力设备等多家国内变压器制造商研制的110 kV天然酯绝缘油变压器成功投运。
但天然酯绝缘油相比矿物绝缘油在应用时也存在一些典型问题，其中最重要的就是在绝缘性能方面。已有的大量试验研究表明，工频电场下二者的绝缘性能基本相当；但在负极性雷电冲击工况下，尤其是极不均匀电场以及大油隙（数厘米以上）时，如图1所示，天然酯绝缘油的雷电冲击耐受水平显著低于矿物绝缘油[9-10]。
当天然酯绝缘油应用在低电压等级配变时，可以直接替换矿物油[11-12]；但当其应用在出线结构更为复杂、局部场强更高的高电压等级主变时，就需要进行针对性的结构改进。目前全球范围内110 kV及以上天然酯绝缘油变压器投运数量较少，对高电压等级、复杂绝缘模型的研究数据和试验验证都相对不足。因此通常在放大适当裕度的基础上应用仿真分析来进行结构设计[13]。散热性方面，虽然天然酯绝缘油的热导率和比热容较高，但运动黏度较大，因此其整体的散热性能仍不如矿物绝缘油[14-15]，这一点在设计高电压大容量变压器时也应尤为注意。
本研究通过仿真分析找出天然酯绝缘油用于现行500 kV矿物油变压器典型设计结构时的绝缘薄弱点，并进行针对性优化改进，对新方案进行主纵绝缘仿真验证。
1 常规500 kV矿物油变压器绝缘结构
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图1为目前山东电力设备公司典型常规500 kV带励磁绕组旁柱调压变压器的结构示意图，其型号为ODFS-400000/500。
（1）变压器的基本参数
额定电压：(525000/3)kV/(230000/3±2×2.5%)kV/66；额定容量：400 000 kVA/400 000 kVA/120 000 kVA；额定阻抗：高-中/高-低/中-低：20%/60%/40%；绝缘水平如表1所示。
（2）主要绝缘结构参数
主空道距离，主柱：铁心-低压-中压-高压/36 mm-97 mm-105 mm；旁柱：铁心-励磁-调压/84 mm-71 mm；
高压绕组：上下并联中部出线，采用内屏连续式，首端跨4段屏共屏12段；屏蔽段匝绝缘厚度为2.05 mm，连续段匝绝缘厚度为1.45 mm；
中压绕组：端出线，采用纯连续式，全段匝绝缘厚度为1.25 mm；
低压绕组：端出线，采用单螺旋式，匝绝缘厚度为0.85 mm；
调压绕组：端出线，采用四螺旋式，匝绝缘厚度为4.05 mm；
励磁绕组：端出线，采用纯连续式，全段匝绝缘厚度为1.25 mm。
2 500 kV矿物油变压器典型方案主纵绝缘仿真
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利用专业软件对典型结构500 kV矿物油变压器设计方案进行主绝缘电场、纵绝缘波过程进行仿真验证，寻找矿物油变压器的典型设计方案，直接替换天然酯后存在的薄弱点。其中波过程计算软件使用乌克兰VIT系列的IMV模块，电场计算软件使用全俄列宁电工研究院VEI系列的MainInsulation模块，均为变压器设计领域主流仿真软件，准确性得到业内认可。
仿真使用的介质为矿物油、天然酯、绝缘纸、漆膜、各种成型绝缘件，其介电常数分别为2.3、3.2、4.0、5.0、5.0。
雷电冲击、操作冲击和交流耐压仿真所施加的边界条件均按照GB/T 1094.3—2017中规定的参数及方法进行设置。
普通矿物油变压器仿真判定合格标准为裕度≥1.0。根据现有对天然酯与矿物油绝缘特性对比研究的相关结论，并结合前期110 kV天然酯绝缘油变压器设计经验，综合考虑对500 kV天然酯绝缘油变压器的主纵绝缘设计裕度按≥1.3进行考核。文中所有的裕度值均基于仿真软件计算出的发生值与许用值自动给出。
2.1 通过波过程仿真发现的纵绝缘薄弱点
（1）高压绕组雷电全波冲击裕度不足，最小裕度为1.16，位于第16油道，如图3所示。
（2）中压绕组雷电冲击截波裕度不足，最小裕度为1.14，位于第3油道，如图4所示。
（3）励磁绕组雷电冲击截波裕度不足，最小裕度为1.12，位于第52油道，如图5所示。
2.2 通过电场仿真发现的主绝缘薄弱点
（1）雷电冲击电场。进行雷电冲击波过程计算时，选取绕组间出现最大振荡过电压时刻的电压参数进行冲击电场计算，高压-中压绕组间场强分布如图6所示，其裕度计算结果如表2所示。从表2可以看出，高压绕组端部对中压绕组之间绝缘裕度不足，其中高压线饼内径侧绝缘裕度为1.13，中压线饼外径侧裕度1.17。
（2）工频电场。励磁-调压绕组上端部场强分布如图7所示，其裕度计算结果如表3所示。从表3可以看出，励磁绕组上端静电环内径侧，在工频电场下最小裕度为1.12，裕度不足。
（3）工频电场。高压绕组-旁轭间场强分布如图8所示，计算得到高压外部第四层纸筒与旁轭间最大、最小、平均场强分别为4.65、4.63、4.64 kV/mm，安全裕度为1.01，裕度不足。
3 主纵绝缘结构改进后方案
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基于对500 kV矿物油变压器典型设计方案的主纵绝缘仿真计算结果，对绝缘结构薄弱点进行针对性的优化改进。
（1）针对高压、中压绕组间雷电冲击电场主绝缘裕度不足，增大了高-中绕组间的主绝缘距离、优化了油隙排布，将主柱的主绝缘距离调整为：铁心-低压-中压-高压/34 mm-95 mm-110 mm。原方案中-低压绕组间及低压绕组-铁心间裕度较大，新方案将这两处主绝缘距离分别减小2 mm以给高-中绕组间增大绝缘主距留出空间。
（2）针对高压、中压和励磁绕组雷电冲击纵绝缘裕度不足，优化各绕组屏蔽段数及匝数使绕组纵向电容分布更加均匀、降低油道梯度，并适当增大匝绝缘厚度。调整后，高压绕组为首端跨4段屏共屏20段，屏蔽段匝绝缘厚度不变，连续段匝绝缘增大至1.55 mm；中压绕组由纯连续式改为首端跨2段屏共屏8段，屏蔽段匝绝缘厚度为1.4 mm，连续段匝绝缘厚度为1.25 mm；励磁绕组为首端跨4段屏共屏8段，屏蔽段匝绝缘厚度为1.4 mm，连续段匝绝缘厚度为1.25 mm。
（3）针对励磁绕组上端部静电环内径侧工频电场下裕度不足，优化静电环上部角环的布置方式，去掉靠近励磁绕组内径侧第三层纸筒上部角环，改为第一层纸筒上部内外侧分别放置一层角环，使静电环内径侧电场分布更加均匀。
（4）针对高压中部对旁轭的电场裕度不足，在旁轭与高压绕组中间增加一层隔板，提高场强许用值。
4 改进后方案主、纵绝缘仿真
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对改进后形成的500 kV天然酯绝缘油变压器设计方案重新进行主、纵绝缘仿真验证。
波过程仿真结果如下：
（1）高压绕组雷电全波冲击最小裕度提升至1.31，位于第9油道，如图9所示。
（2）中压绕组雷电截波冲击最小裕度提升至1.39，位于第3油道，如图10所示。
（3）励磁绕组雷电截波冲击最小裕度提升至1.37，位于第52油道，如图11所示。
电场验证结果如下：
（1）高-中绕组间主绝缘距离增大后，关键部位场强裕度如表4所示。从表4可以看出，此时高压线饼内径侧冲击场裕度提升至1.36，中压线饼外径侧冲击场裕度提升至1.32。
（2）经优化角环布置方式后，关键部位场强裕度如表5所示。从表5可以看出，励磁绕组上端部静电环内径侧在工频电场下最小裕度提升至1.35。
（3）增加一层隔板后高压绕组中部对旁轭在工频电场下，高压外部第四层纸筒与旁轭间的最大场强为4.54 kV/mm、最小场强为4.53 kV/mm、平均场强为4.53 kV/mm，裕度提升至1.31。
以上仿真结果表明优化改进后的主纵绝缘方案满足主纵绝缘裕度设计要求。对使用该设计方案研制的500 kV天然酯绝缘油变压器样机进行了各项绝缘试验并一次性顺利通过。
5 结论
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（1）基于对天然酯绝缘油已有的相关研究并结合前期110 kV天然酯绝缘油变压器设计经验，通过仿真分析找出天然酯绝缘油用于现行矿物油变压器典型设计结构时的绝缘薄弱点，并进行针对性优化改进，主要有：适当增加高-中绕组间主绝缘距离，优化主绝缘间油隙布置；调整高压、中压、励磁绕组的屏蔽段段数及匝数，适当增大匝绝缘厚度；优化励磁绕组上端部角环布置方式；高压绕组与旁轭间增加一层隔板。
（2）主纵绝缘仿真验证结果表明，改进后的设计方案满足绝缘设计要求。
文献
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2023年第56卷第6期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.06.009
  • 接收时间：2022-07-06
  • 首发时间：2025-11-21
  • 出版时间：2023-06-20
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  • 收稿日期：2022-07-06
  • 修回日期：2022-10-25
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    山东电力设备有限公司，山东 济南 250002
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Genus		 种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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