Article(id=1198667060780822901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198667059954545009, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.04.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1655654400000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-20, revisedDate=1665417600000, revisedDateStr=2022-10-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763714097447, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1681920000000, pubDateStr=2023-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763714097447, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763714097447, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763714097447, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198667059954545009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2023', volume='56', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763714097249, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563529326, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210618444354023975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198667059954545009, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210618444354023976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198667059954545009, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=6, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198667062102028670, articleId=1198667060780822901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Research progress of BOPP film and its special resin for capacitor, columnId=1198667062026531195, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film is an important part of capacitor. The key parameters (ash content, isotacticity, molecular weight, melt flow rate, isotactic sequence length) of polypropylene resin used as raw materials for BOPP films and their influence rules were summarized in this paper. At the same time, the existing production technology of BOPP capacitor film was summarized, and the methods to improve the performance of BOPP film were further reviewed. Finally, it is proposed that the future development of BOPP films for capacitors will focus on the ultra-low ash resin raw materials and heat resistant films.

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双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)薄膜是电容器的重要组成部分。本文归纳了作为BOPP薄膜的聚丙烯树脂原料关键参数(灰分含量、等规度、相对分子质量、熔体流动速率、等规序列长度)及其影响规律,同时总结了BOPP电容器薄膜的现有生产工艺,并进一步对BOPP薄膜性能的提升方法进行了综述。最后,提出未来电容器用BOPP薄膜的发展重点将是超低灰分树脂原料与耐热薄膜产品。

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刘强(1984-),男(汉族),山西大同人,高级工程师,主要从事聚丙烯催化剂及聚丙烯新产品的开发;

李健(1983-),男(汉族),广东中山人,副教授,博士,主要从事绝缘聚烯烃树脂的研究。

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刘强(1984-),男(汉族),山西大同人,高级工程师,主要从事聚丙烯催化剂及聚丙烯新产品的开发;

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刘强(1984-),男(汉族),山西大同人,高级工程师,主要从事聚丙烯催化剂及聚丙烯新产品的开发;

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李健(1983-),男(汉族),广东中山人,副教授,博士,主要从事绝缘聚烯烃树脂的研究。

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李健(1983-),男(汉族),广东中山人,副教授,博士,主要从事绝缘聚烯烃树脂的研究。

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生产厂家牌号熔体流动速率/(g/10min)产品特性
北欧化工HC318BF3.2超洁净、超低灰分含量
北欧化工HC300BF3.3超洁净、超低灰分含量
大韩油化5014LHPT3.2超高纯度、耐电压性、超薄膜成型性
大韩油化5014LHPT-13.2超高纯度、耐热-耐电压性、超薄膜成型性
新加坡聚烯烃公司FS30283.0灰分含量低、杂质少
新加坡聚烯烃公司FS30293.0灰分含量低、杂质少
), ArticleFig(id=1210986273133695522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198667060780822901, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

进口BOPP电容器薄膜专用树脂牌号及性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生产厂家牌号熔体流动速率/(g/10min)产品特性
北欧化工HC318BF3.2超洁净、超低灰分含量
北欧化工HC300BF3.3超洁净、超低灰分含量
大韩油化5014LHPT3.2超高纯度、耐电压性、超薄膜成型性
大韩油化5014LHPT-13.2超高纯度、耐热-耐电压性、超薄膜成型性
新加坡聚烯烃公司FS30283.0灰分含量低、杂质少
新加坡聚烯烃公司FS30293.0灰分含量低、杂质少
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电容器用BOPP薄膜及其专用树脂研究进展
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刘强 1 , 邢照亮 2 , 周昌浩 3 , 宋赛楠 1 , 慕雪梅 1 , 王在花 1 , 王霞 1 , 姜涛 3 , 李健 3
绝缘材料 | 综述 2023,56(4): 1-6
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绝缘材料 | 综述 2023, 56(4): 1-6
电容器用BOPP薄膜及其专用树脂研究进展
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刘强1, 邢照亮2, 周昌浩3, 宋赛楠1, 慕雪梅1, 王在花1, 王霞1, 姜涛3, 李健3
作者信息
  • 1中国石油天然气股份有限公司兰州化工研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730060
  • 2国网智能电网研究院有限公司先进输电技术国家重点研究室,北京 102209
  • 3天津科技大学 化工与材料学院,天津 300457
  • 刘强(1984-),男(汉族),山西大同人,高级工程师,主要从事聚丙烯催化剂及聚丙烯新产品的开发;

    李健(1983-),男(汉族),广东中山人,副教授,博士,主要从事绝缘聚烯烃树脂的研究。

Research progress of BOPP film and its special resin for capacitor
Qiang LIU1, Zhaoliang XING2, Changhao ZHOU3, Sainan SONG1, Xuemei MU1, Zaihua WANG1, Xia WANG1, Tao JIANG3, Jian LI3
Affiliations
  • 1PetroChina Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Lanzhou 730060, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology, State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
  • 3College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
出版时间: 2023-04-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.04.001
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双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)薄膜是电容器的重要组成部分。本文归纳了作为BOPP薄膜的聚丙烯树脂原料关键参数(灰分含量、等规度、相对分子质量、熔体流动速率、等规序列长度)及其影响规律,同时总结了BOPP电容器薄膜的现有生产工艺,并进一步对BOPP薄膜性能的提升方法进行了综述。最后,提出未来电容器用BOPP薄膜的发展重点将是超低灰分树脂原料与耐热薄膜产品。

双向拉伸聚丙烯  /  电容器  /  薄膜

Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film is an important part of capacitor. The key parameters (ash content, isotacticity, molecular weight, melt flow rate, isotactic sequence length) of polypropylene resin used as raw materials for BOPP films and their influence rules were summarized in this paper. At the same time, the existing production technology of BOPP capacitor film was summarized, and the methods to improve the performance of BOPP film were further reviewed. Finally, it is proposed that the future development of BOPP films for capacitors will focus on the ultra-low ash resin raw materials and heat resistant films.

biaxially oriented polypropylene  /  capacitor  /  film
刘强, 邢照亮, 周昌浩, 宋赛楠, 慕雪梅, 王在花, 王霞, 姜涛, 李健. 电容器用BOPP薄膜及其专用树脂研究进展. 绝缘材料, 2023 , 56 (4) : 1 -6 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.04.001
Qiang LIU, Zhaoliang XING, Changhao ZHOU, Sainan SONG, Xuemei MU, Zaihua WANG, Xia WANG, Tao JIANG, Jian LI. Research progress of BOPP film and its special resin for capacitor[J]. Insulating Materials, 2023 , 56 (4) : 1 -6 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.04.001
电容器是以静电场形式存储能量的无源电子元件。电容器最简单的形式是由两个导电板(正、负电极)组成,它们被绝缘材料分开。目前电容器主要采用聚合物薄膜作为绝缘材料。双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)薄膜是电力电容器最为重要的聚合物薄膜材料,也是目前电力电容器中应用最为广泛的电介质材料。BOPP薄膜是以聚丙烯树脂为材料,通过在纵、横两个方向上施加一定程度的拉伸,使聚丙烯分子链或链段择优发生排列加工而成的一种高性能薄膜[1]。经过双向拉伸,BOPP薄膜中的聚丙烯分子发生定向排列,从而使薄膜的光泽度、透明度、机械强度较好,物理稳定性和气密性较高[2]。BOPP薄膜的性能直接影响电容器的使用。
已有研究者[3-5]详细综述了BOPP薄膜专用树脂的研发和电容器薄膜原料聚丙烯的发展及薄膜市场现状等方面的研究进展,本文在上述研究内容的基础上,重点论述电容器用BOPP薄膜在原料特性、生产工艺、性能提升等方面的研究进展。
BOPP电容器薄膜对其原料聚丙烯树脂的品质要求很高,原料的质量直接影响薄膜成型、性能乃至电容器的整体工况。总的来说,生产BOPP电容器薄膜用聚丙烯树脂的基本参数主要有灰分含量、等规指数、相对分子质量及分布、熔体流动速率(MFR)和等规序列长度。
聚丙烯树脂中的灰分即经高温煅烧后仍不能挥发而残留下来的颗粒杂质,灰分最终以金属氧化物的形式存在[3]。灰分的主要来源包括聚丙烯生产过程中添加的催化剂、活化剂、给电子体和其他系统杂质等[4]。聚丙烯树脂中灰分含量对薄膜的加工工艺和性能至关重要,生产BOPP电容器薄膜的聚丙烯树脂要求灰分含量低于50×10-6,最好低于30×10-6。由于对灰分含量的要求苛刻,长期以来电容器薄膜用聚丙烯树脂长期依赖进口。
近年来,国内各石化企业加大对电容器薄膜用聚丙烯树脂专用料的研发投入。中原石化采用超高活性的HA系列催化剂,通过优化聚丙烯生产装置的工艺条件,成功生产出灰分含量最低为22×10-6的电工薄膜专用聚丙烯树脂PPH-FA03[5]。同时,燕山石化、辽阳石化、北方华锦化学公司、扬子石化、上海石化、沧州炼化等企业也都曾生产出电容器薄膜用聚丙烯树脂等[6]。但是,目前各国产牌号聚丙烯尚未得到广泛应用,其性能指标仍在稳步提高,以中原石化产品为例,其灰分含量一般为(30~50)×10-6,而北欧化工的HC系列产品灰分含量一般稳定在(10~20)×10-6[7]
聚丙烯薄膜作为电容器的介电绝缘体,由于其分子链中没有任何极性基团而具有优异的电气性能[8-10]。然而,聚丙烯树脂中的灰分含量会显著影响薄膜的介电性能和使用寿命。灰分的存在会引入大量极性官能团,如羰基(-C=O)、羟基(-OH)、乙烯基和共轭双键,这些是缩短电容器使用寿命的部分原因[11]。研究发现介质损耗是受杂质控制的,介质损耗的增加主要由于催化剂残留(即灰分)的影响[12]。灰分会干扰聚合物骨架和电荷载流子之间的电子密度,导致电导率显著增加,电气强度显著下降[13-14]。文献[15-17]采用复配有机溶剂体系对聚丙烯树脂进行洗涤脱灰,其灰分脱除率最高可达到80%以上。DU B X等[17]提出了一种新的脱灰方法以制备不同灰分含量(60~500×10-6)的聚丙烯,并研究了灰分含量对聚合物薄膜电容器中聚丙烯介电性能 和储能性能的影响。结果表明,低灰分含量有助于提高聚丙烯的介电性能。与灰分含量为500×10-6的样品相比,灰分含量为60×10-6的聚丙烯薄膜具有更高的电气强度(587.1 kV/mm)、更低的直流电导率(1.12×10-14 S/m)和介质损耗因数(3×10-4)。此外,储能性能也显著提升,放电能量密度可达到3.22 J/cm3,放电效率保持在较高水平。提纯后,聚丙烯中灰分含量的下降防止了局部电场畸变,提高了电气强度,有利于提高放电能量密度。同时,被灰分电离的载流子数量减少,削弱了传输行为,并降低了电导率。
聚丙烯的等规指数是指等规聚丙烯在整个聚丙烯中的比例[18],等规指数过高或过低均会影响BOPP薄膜的正常生产。等规指数过低,薄膜的挺度、光泽度、横向和纵向拉伸强度等将受影响;等规指数过高,薄膜在加工过程中容易出现破裂或断裂等现象[19-20]。刘勇等[21]制备了一种熔体流动速率为2.0~4.0 g/10 min、等规度为95.0%~98.0%的BOPP电容器薄膜专用树脂,其能有效提高专用料的力学性能、均匀性、清洁性及电气性能。TPC公司的FS3031、北欧化工公司的HC300BF和中原石化FA03系列等电容器薄膜用聚丙烯树脂产品的等规度均为98%左右,北欧化工公司的专利报道的低灰分含量聚丙烯树脂原料的等规度最高可达到99.8%[22-23]。因此,制备高品质电容器薄膜时,聚丙烯的等规指数要求在98%以上。
聚丙烯树脂的相对分子质量及分布对BOPP薄膜的力学性能和加工性能有重要影响。研究表明,相对分子质量越高,薄膜的加工性能越不稳定,引起较大的薄膜厚度变化,影响薄膜的透明度;相对分子质量越低,分子链缠结程度越低,导致薄膜的拉伸延展性变差[24]。刘荣根等[25]在某炼化公司200 kt/a环管法聚丙烯装置上,在保持催化剂和外给电子体不变的情况下,通过对聚丙烯进行优化,保证产品高等规指数的同时,进一步扩大相对分子质量分布,适当提高产品的熔融指数,开发了满足客户加工需求的宽分子量分布BOPP薄膜专用聚丙烯F03Q。相对分子质量分布的扩大可以提高产品整体结晶速率,从而提高产品的结晶度。随着结晶度的增加,生产出的聚丙烯树脂的屈服应力、模量、硬度和拉伸强度等均提高。因此,相对分子质量分布通常控制在5~8[26]。除了结晶度高低外,结晶的形态也会对聚丙烯树脂的树枝化放电特性产生影响[27]
熔体流动速率(MFR)是高聚物材料加工性能的一个重要指标,熔体流动速率越大,材料流动性越好;熔体流动速率越小,材料流动性越差。聚丙烯树脂的熔体流动速率对薄膜的加工性能有重要影响,普通的BOPP薄膜要求熔体流动速率为2.0~3.0 g/10 min,BOPP电容器薄膜的熔体流动速率一般控制在3.0~4.0 g/10 min。在工业生产中,为了提高聚丙烯的加工性能,通常将氢气作为链转移剂以降低聚丙烯的相对分子质量,从而增大聚丙烯的MFR[28-29]。然而,聚合物的相对分子质量过低,其力学性能可能会减小。此外,在反应器中加入高可燃氢会增加反应系统的压力,从而增加风险。因此,ZHOU Q等[30]采用磷酸盐和烷氧基硅烷的混合物作为Ziegler-Natta催化剂的混合外给电子体,作为一种方便有效的方法来改善聚丙烯的MFR。
由于聚合条件并不是一成不变的,而且丙烯聚合时其催化剂存在不同的活性中心,在聚丙烯主链上有丙烯插入,形成间规聚丙烯,从而影响等规序列长度。
胡跃鑫等[1]使用连续自成核退火分级技术(SSA)对聚丙烯分子链进行分级处理,通过分析得知在生产中容易导致破膜原料的平均晶片厚度和平均序列长度都偏大。而聚丙烯树脂的晶片厚度分布和等规序列长度分布都偏小。同样,通过升温淋洗方法,将均聚物进行等规度分级。而高等规度的聚丙烯含量越大,其在生产中容易破膜,同SSA得出的结果交相呼应。
目前,国内BOPP电容器薄膜用聚丙烯树脂的国产化程度较低,国内电容器薄膜专用料依然依赖进口,进口资源主要来自北欧化工、大韩油化及新加坡聚烯烃公司3家企业[31],常用的树脂牌号及性能见表1
BOPP薄膜的生产方法主要包括管膜法和平膜法,管膜法属于双向一步拉伸法,具有投资少、占地面积小、设备和操作简单等优点,但在20世纪80年代后几乎没有太大的发展,原因是管膜法的生产效率低、热收缩率大,且产品厚度公差大[32]。平膜法分为双向一步拉伸法和双向两步拉伸法,生产BOPP电容器薄膜主要采用双向两步拉伸法,详细工艺流程见图1[32]。与管膜法相比,平膜法的生产设备更加复杂和成熟,制得的产品质量优异,可以大批量生产,因此平膜法是目前世界上最先进的生产工艺,但其全套关键的生产设备仍依赖进口。
在BOPP薄膜生产过程中除了受到聚丙烯分子结构的影响之外,在双向拉伸过程中MD和TD的拉伸应力、拉伸速率、拉伸温度也对薄膜生产有着重要影响。
高达利等[33]通过对153~163℃拉伸温度下TD拉伸应力的研究表明,拉伸温度的升高有助于大分子聚集态的活动,使薄膜的起始拉伸模量降低,拉伸应力相应也降低,同样在低拉伸温度时会出现冷拉伸屈服现象。当薄膜出现拉伸硬化的现象时,更有利于薄膜的均匀拉伸。
杨伟等[34]研究MD的应力应变行为,结果表明,拉伸速率为150~450 mm/min时,对国产聚丙烯树脂应力-应变的影响并不明显,而进口聚丙烯树脂原料的屈服强度从6.27 MPa提升至8.64 MPa,当温度从120℃升高至140℃时,其拉伸能力随着温度的升高而增加。
BOPP电容器薄膜可以在熔体挤出后通过连续或同时在垂直两个方向上拉伸。为了揭示拉伸技术对薄膜性能的影响,XIONG J等[35]分别采用连续双向拉伸和同时双向拉伸制备了不同厚度的BOPP薄膜,过程见图2。与连续双向拉伸薄膜相比,同时双向拉伸薄膜中的晶粒更分散。随着温度的升高,所有的BOPP薄膜都表现出相近的介电常数,同时双向拉伸薄膜由于结晶度的提高和两个方向拉伸薄膜的晶粒各向同性而具有更低的介质损耗。当薄膜厚度小于5 μm时,与连续双向拉伸薄膜相比,同时双向拉伸薄膜的电气强度、能量密度和放电时间可以增加至少10%,这对于减小薄膜电容器的体积非常重要。最终结果表明,同时双向拉伸模式可以生产力学性能和电学性能更好的BOPP薄膜。
I RYTÖLUOTO等[36]研究了铸膜挤压和双向拉伸对两种电容器薄膜用聚丙烯树脂的形态变化和大面积直流电气强度的影响,薄膜制造方式见图3。研究表明,铸膜形貌会影响双向拉伸膜的结构和大面积直流电气强度,铸膜β型结晶度的增加对BOPP薄膜的电气强度有不利影响。双向拉伸比对BOPP薄膜的电气强度有显著影响,双向拉伸比越大,BOPP薄膜的耐击穿性能越好。研究中将相同厚度范围内的双向拉伸薄膜与非取向铸造薄膜进行比较,表明双向拉伸在获得高电绝缘性能方面起重要作用。
通过调整双向拉伸的工艺条件,还可以控制BOPP薄膜的粗化程度,从而获得较好的浸油性能与电气强度[37]
另外有一部分电容器需要在高温环境中工作[38],因而对BOPP薄膜的耐热性能有一定的要求。耐热性能影响薄膜的热收缩率,高的热收缩率使薄膜在收卷后,卷内薄膜张力和压力过大,从而导致薄膜粘连,取卷困难,在分切过程中容易使薄膜破裂,影响生产效率。褚松潮等[39]研究发现,与普通膜相比,耐高温BOPP电容薄膜通常具有更高的弹性模量(横、纵向)与更低的热收缩率,电气强度也有所提升。某公司通过耐热添加剂提高BOPP薄膜的耐热性能,使薄膜的耐热温度提高了5~10℃[40]。薄膜的热收缩率显著降低,雾度也有明显改善,雾度值从原来的1.4降至1.0。
电容器是电网和电器中重要的无源元件。电容器要可靠地工作,其绝缘材料必须表现出高电气强度、低直流电导率和低交流损耗,这是3个基本的薄膜性能要求[12]。BOPP薄膜是电容器中比较成熟的聚合物介质[41],其由高度等规的聚丙烯制成,高等规度的聚丙烯中不含任何极性基团,使薄膜具有较高的电气强度(大于600 MV/m)、较低的介质损耗因数(约为0.000 2)、良好的自愈能力和相对较低的介电常数(εr=2.2)[42],允许其在高电场下工作。
在过去的20年中,尽管电容器的能量密度已从薄膜/箔结构[43]的约0.05 J/cm3提高到脉冲放电金属化薄膜电容器的约1 J/cm3,但对于更高能量密度电容器的需求仍在增加。由于能量密度与电介质中电场的平方成比例,只有通过提高电介质的电气强度才能显著提高给定电介质的能量密度。J HO等[44]研究了紫外照射改变抗氧化剂产物对金属化BOPP电容器薄膜电气强度的影响。威布尔统计分析结果表明,能量密度约为3.4 J/cm2、波长为200~400 nm时达到最佳紫外线暴露水平,可将电气强度提高约20%。通过实验和密度泛函理论计算研究表明,紫外线照射可改变抗氧化剂对金属化BOPP电容器薄膜电气强度的影响,将存在于原薄膜中约0.3%的抗氧化剂Irganox1010转化为2,6-二叔丁基-对苯醌,密度泛函理论计算表明这种化合物电负性强,从而可显著提高薄膜的电气强度。由于在厌氧环境中运行的电容器绕组不需要添加抗氧化剂,因此对BOPP薄膜进行紫外线处理是一种实用的选择。
为了提高BOPP薄膜的介电性能,研究者们做了大量的工作。LU J Y等[45]通过对设计工艺制备的BOPP薄膜进行测试分析,研究了厚度、结晶度和抗拉强度3个关键结构特征参数对薄膜介电性能的影响。结果表明:①在原材料和拉伸过程一致的前提下,厚度越大,电气强度越高;②在相同厚度下,结晶度越大,电气强度越高。当厚度差异较小时,这一结论仍然成立,但当厚度差异进一步扩大时,厚度的影响将成为主导因素,即使厚度较薄的样品具有较大的结晶度,电气强度仍然较小;③在相同电场强度下,厚度较大的BOPP薄膜具有较小的泄漏电流,相应的电导率也较小;④对于原料、制造工艺和晶相相同的BOPP薄膜,结晶度越大,电气强度越高;⑤当原材料相同、主要制造工艺相似时,抗拉强度越大,电气强度越高。
平江波等[46]使用高介电纳米颗粒改性双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜。结果表明,经过高介电纳米颗粒表面处理后,相对于作为参照的聚丙烯薄膜,改性薄膜的介电常数得到一定程度的提高。同时测试改性薄膜在500 kV/mm电气强度下的放电能量密度与充放电效率,改性薄膜的放电能量密度从参照薄膜样品的2.56 J/cm3提升至3.29 J/cm3
BOPP薄膜的表面电荷稳定性低,导致其无法满足先进的薄膜电气性能要求。H M UMRAN等[47]对薄膜进行物理化学表面修饰,以验证这些修饰对薄膜电学性能的影响。采用各种浓度正磷酸(H3PO4)在110℃下对BOPP薄膜进行化学处理4 h。结果表明,随着酸浓度的增加,BOPP薄膜的表面电荷稳定性得到改善,表面能降低,介电常数和介质损耗降低。这是由于磷酸分子的空间尺寸较大,使离子扩散速率增加,聚合物链中的自由体积增大,从而使介电常数降低。同时,由于分子偶极子的整体极化减弱,使得介质损耗也降低。
电晕处理可以将高电压下电离的空气产生电弧,通过电弧轰击薄膜表面提升真空镀膜时的表面附着力。吉亚兵[48]测试厚度为8 μm的电容器薄膜不同电晕输出电压对薄膜各项指标的影响,研究发现,当电压为8~10 kV时,薄膜的粘膜程度基本消除。
对BOPP薄膜进行电晕处理,并在薄膜表面镀上厚度约为10 nm的锌、铝或其合金电极可以制成金属化BOPP薄膜。金属化BOPP薄膜具有自愈性能,当BOPP薄膜破裂,金属化会在破裂部位周围蒸发,从而将其与剩余的活性区域隔离。储松潮等[49]将陶瓷涂覆隔膜技术应用于BOPP电容器薄膜,由于Al2O3具有优良的绝缘性能,其相对介电常数为9.5~11.2,导热系数达到24~30 W/(m·K),将Al2O3涂覆在薄膜上,可以适当提高薄膜的介电常数,同时可以改善电容器的热传导,将介质发热或自愈击穿产生的热量导出,从而提高电容器的耐热性。另外,涂覆Al2O3的金属化BOPP薄膜发生自愈时,可以防止超限自愈的发生,从而可以显著提高金属化电容器的安全性。
目前,BOPP电容器薄膜生产工艺已日趋成熟,电容器薄膜行业在我国处于稳定发展期,但其原料聚丙烯树脂的供给及生产设备长期以来依赖进口。针对我国尚不能完全自主供给,原料聚丙烯树脂的灰分仅有少数可以与国外进口膜料相媲美的情况,需要加强超低灰分聚丙烯的研究,同时加强在复杂工况与高温环境下,延长BOPP电容器薄膜的使用寿命等性能研究,紧密结合各企业的生产能力,整合先进的生产技术,共同开发满足国内企业需求的电容器薄膜。
  • 国家电网有限公司科技项目(5500-201958321A-0-0-00)
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2023年第56卷第4期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.04.001
  • 接收时间:2022-06-20
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-04-20
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-20
  • 修回日期:2022-10-11
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国家电网有限公司科技项目(5500-201958321A-0-0-00)
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    1中国石油天然气股份有限公司兰州化工研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730060
    2国网智能电网研究院有限公司先进输电技术国家重点研究室,北京 102209
    3天津科技大学 化工与材料学院,天津 300457
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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