Article(id=1198664999888584901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198664995669110898, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.02.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1641744000000, receivedDateStr=2022-01-10, revisedDate=1646755200000, revisedDateStr=2022-03-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763713606091, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1676822400000, pubDateStr=2023-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763713606091, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763713606091, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763713606091, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198664995669110898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2023', volume='56', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='117', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763713605086, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563346770, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210617678729966036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198664995669110898, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210617678729966037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198664995669110898, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=96, endPage=103, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198665000698085595, articleId=1198664999888584901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Influence of thermal ageing on structure and electrical properties of polypropylene film for capacitors, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film is a mainstream dielectric material used in power capacitor, there is still a large gap between thermal stability performance of imported BOPP films and that of domestic films. In order to systematically investigate the thermal stability of domestic and imported BOPP film, as well as to reveal the thermal ageing mechanism, we selected typical domestic and imported BOPP film samples, and conducted vacuum thermal ageing test on them for 1 000 h under 80℃ and 120℃, respectively. The changing law of molecular structure, aggregation structure, and electrical properties of the films before and after thermal ageing was compared and analyzed via infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical microscope observation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA), dielectric spectroscopy, and direct current breakdown strength. The results show that compared with that of imported BOPP films, the crystallinity of domestic films is lower and the force between molecular chains is weaker. The breakdown field strength of domestic films is 5.7% lower than that of imported films. Under the effect of long-term thermal ageing, both BOPP films have undergone recrystallization, including the increase of crystallinity and lamellae size in the crystal region and the increase of free volume and the molecular chains loss scale in the amorphous region. Meanwhile, the change of the aggregate structure leads to the increase of the dielectric loss and the decrease of the breakdown strength at low probability zone of the film after ageing. Moreover, compared with domestic films, the stronger inter-chain forces in imported films effectively inhibit the recrystallization process, and decrease the generation and development of electrical weakness, which makes the imported BOPP films have better long-term thermal stability.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hongbo LIU, Lu CHENG, Zhe XU, Yuwei MA, Wenfeng LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1198665006939210167, articleId=1198664999888584901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=热老化对电容器用聚丙烯薄膜结构及电学性能的影响, columnId=1190369066813591720, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=材料研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)薄膜是应用于电力电容器的主流电介质材料,目前国产BOPP薄膜在长时热稳定性方面与进口产品相比仍存在差距。为了系统研究国产和进口BOPP薄膜长时热稳定性差异,以及BOPP薄膜的热老化机制,本文选择了市场主流的国产及进口电容器用BOPP薄膜作为研究对象,分别在80℃和120℃下进行了1 000 h真空热老化试验。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、光学显微镜观察、X射线衍射(XRD)、动态热机械分析(DMA)、介电谱和直流击穿等试验对比分析了两种BOPP薄膜在热老化前后分子结构、聚集态结构及电学性能的变化规律。结果表明:相比进口BOPP薄膜,国产薄膜结晶度较低,分子链间作用力较弱,击穿场强比进口薄膜低5.7%。在长时热老化作用下,国产和进口BOPP薄膜均发生重结晶过程,包括晶区片晶尺寸增大、结晶度升高,以及非晶区分子链排布疏松化,自由体积增大,同时薄膜结构的变化导致其老化后介质损耗上升和低概率区击穿场强下降,但相比国产薄膜,进口薄膜中更强的分子链间作用力抑制了重结晶过程,减缓了电弱点的生成和发展,使其具有更好的长时热稳定性。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘文凤(1982-),女(汉族),天津人,教授,主要从事电介质理论及其应用的研究。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=0idAxYZ4KZ+/g8xKLwZMHA==, magXml=/tISEYRzJXrwT/oBeeyRCA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=KbwnltCOcTagP0NendSJfA==, pdfFileSize=9916757, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=bzGFjsvM4NRjf32WZMk2sA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=hPHeX+89+uyeKhD97KQfOQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘宏博(1996-),男(汉族),山东济南人,博士生,主要从事高储能电介质材料的研究。

, authorsList=刘宏博, 程璐, 徐哲, 马宇威, 刘文凤)}, authors=[Author(id=1210935044827377850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1210935044919652543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, authorId=1210935044827377850, language=EN, stringName=Hongbo LIU, firstName=Hongbo, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1210935045028704453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, authorId=1210935044827377850, language=CN, stringName=刘宏博, firstName=宏博, middleName=null, lastName=刘, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049, bio={"content":"

刘宏博(1996-),男(汉族),山东济南人,博士生,主要从事高储能电介质材料的研究。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

刘宏博(1996-),男(汉族),山东济南人,博士生,主要从事高储能电介质材料的研究。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210935044714131637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210935044722520246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, companyId=1210935044714131637, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210935044730908855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, companyId=1210935044714131637, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049)])]), Author(id=1210935045108396233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1210935045200670926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, authorId=1210935045108396233, language=EN, stringName=Lu CHENG, firstName=Lu, middleName=null, lastName=CHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1210935045288751314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, authorId=1210935045108396233, language=CN, stringName=程璐, firstName=璐, middleName=null, lastName=程, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210935044714131637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210935044722520246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, companyId=1210935044714131637, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210935044730908855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, companyId=1210935044714131637, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049)])]), Author(id=1210935045381026005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1210935045506855132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, authorId=1210935045381026005, language=EN, stringName=Zhe XU, firstName=Zhe, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1210935045603324129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, authorId=1210935045381026005, language=CN, stringName=徐哲, firstName=哲, middleName=null, lastName=徐, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210935044714131637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210935044722520246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, companyId=1210935044714131637, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210935044730908855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, companyId=1210935044714131637, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049)])]), Author(id=1210935045712376038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1210935045804650730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, authorId=1210935045712376038, language=EN, stringName=Yuwei MA, firstName=Yuwei, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1210935045909508337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, authorId=1210935045712376038, language=CN, stringName=马宇威, firstName=宇威, middleName=null, lastName=马, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210935044714131637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210935044722520246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, companyId=1210935044714131637, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210935044730908855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, companyId=1210935044714131637, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049)])]), Author(id=1210935045972422903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1210935046081474810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, authorId=1210935045972422903, language=EN, stringName=Wenfeng LIU, firstName=Wenfeng, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1210935046156972290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, authorId=1210935045972422903, language=CN, stringName=刘文凤, firstName=文凤, middleName=null, lastName=刘, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210935044714131637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210935044722520246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, companyId=1210935044714131637, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210935044730908855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, companyId=1210935044714131637, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1210935046337327369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=capacitor), Keyword(id=1210935046446379280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=polypropylene), Keyword(id=1210935046551236888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=thermal ageing), Keyword(id=1210935046647705887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=aggregate structure), Keyword(id=1210935046735786280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=电容器), Keyword(id=1210935046802895149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=聚丙烯), Keyword(id=1210935046911947059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=热老化), Keyword(id=1210935047008416059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=聚集态结构)], refs=[Reference(id=1210935049994760683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=33, issue=22, pageStart=1, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=周孝信, 陈树勇, 鲁宗相, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周孝信,陈树勇,鲁宗相.电网和电网技术发展的回顾与展望——试论三代电网[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):1-11., articleTitle=电网和电网技术发展的回顾与展望——试论三代电网, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935050091229680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=48, issue=null, pageStart=219, pageEnd=243, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=LIQ, YAOF Z, LIUY, journalName=Annual Review of Materials Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIQ, YAOF Z, LIUY, et al. High-temperature dielectric materials for electrical energy storage[J]. Annual Review of Materials Research,2018,48:219-243., articleTitle=High-temperature dielectric materials for electrical energy storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935050179310071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=33, issue=12, pageStart=1, pageEnd=3, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=周孝信, journalName=华电技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周孝信.能源变革中电网和电网技术的发展前景[J].华电技术.2011,33(12):1-3., articleTitle=能源变革中电网和电网技术的发展前景, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935050309333501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=59, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=张丕生, 孙福国, 徐辉, journalName=合成树脂及塑料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张丕生,孙福国,徐辉,等.电容器薄膜用聚丙烯的生产现状[J].合成树脂及塑料,2021,38(3):59-63., articleTitle=电容器薄膜用聚丙烯的生产现状, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935050409996804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=高新, 冯叶飞, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高新,冯叶飞.BOPP电容器薄膜市场现状与展望[C]//中国包装联合会塑料制品包装委员会第八届四次年会暨科技创新、转型升级、持续健康发展论坛论文集.海口:包装联合会塑料制品包装委员会,2015., articleTitle=BOPP电容器薄膜市场现状与展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935050519048716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=62, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=孙桂成, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙桂成.双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜双面粗化的工艺研究[J].绝缘材料,2006,39(4):62-64., articleTitle=双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜双面粗化的工艺研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935050607129109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=48, issue=1, pageStart=59, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=贝楠, 王光科, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=贝楠,王光科.BOPP电容膜生产设备对产品质量的影响[J].绝缘材料,2015,48(1):59-63., articleTitle=BOPP电容膜生产设备对产品质量的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935050695209495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=KURIMSKYJ, KOSTERECM, VARGOVAB, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KURIMSKYJ, KOSTERECM, VARGOVAB. Breakdown voltage of polypropylene film during C and thermal ageing[C]//2017 18th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering. Kouty nad Desnou, Czech Republic: IEEE,2017., articleTitle=Breakdown voltage of polypropylene film during C and thermal ageing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935050774901278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=4, pageStart=363, pageEnd=369, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=CHANGT Y, ZHANGX S, GUOQ J, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHANGT Y, ZHANGX S, GUOQ J, et al. Terahertz dielectric spectroscopy based thermal aging analysis of polypropylene[J]. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology,2020,10(4):363-369., articleTitle=Terahertz dielectric spectroscopy based thermal aging analysis of polypropylene, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935050900730405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=35, issue=16, pageStart=3529, pageEnd=3538, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=叶润峰, 裴家耀, 郑明胜, journalName=电工技术学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶润峰,裴家耀,郑明胜,等.高介电聚丙烯基纳米复合薄膜介电及储能性能抗老化特性[J].电工技术学报,2018,35(16):3529-3538., articleTitle=高介电聚丙烯基纳米复合薄膜介电及储能性能抗老化特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935051001393706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=29, issue=7, pageStart=63, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=陈键, 张桂云, 黄仕锋, journalName=中国塑料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈键,张桂云,黄仕锋,等.聚丙烯热氧老化机理的研究[J].中国塑料,2015,29(7):63-66., articleTitle=聚丙烯热氧老化机理的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935051114639917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=124, issue=4, pageStart=2725, pageEnd=2735, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=TAMURS, OHTAK, KANAIT, journalName=Journal of Applied Polymer Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAMURS, OHTAK, KANAIT. Study of crater structure formation on the surface of biaxially oriented polypropylene film[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2012,124(4):2725-2735., articleTitle=Study of crater structure formation on the surface of biaxially oriented polypropylene film, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935051211108915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=130, issue=5, pageStart=3555, pageEnd=3564, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=TAMURAS, KANAIT, journalName=Journal of Applied Polymer Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAMURAS, KANAIT. Control of well-defined crater structures on the surface of biaxially oriented polypropylene film by adding nucleators[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2013,130(5):3555-3564., articleTitle=Control of well-defined crater structures on the surface of biaxially oriented polypropylene film by adding nucleators, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935051332743735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=336, pageEnd=343, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=NISHINOT, MATSUMOTOT, NAKAMAEK, journalName=Polymer Engineering & Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NISHINOT, MATSUMOTOT, NAKAMAEK. Surface structure of isotactic polypropylene by X-Ray diffraction[J]. Polymer Engineering & Science,2000,40(2):336-343., articleTitle=Surface structure of isotactic polypropylene by X-Ray diffraction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935051425018427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=132, issue=39, pageStart=42602, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=KAHOULIA, GALLOT-LAVALLÉEO, RAINP, LESAINTO, journalName=Journal of Applied Polymer Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KAHOULIA, GALLOT-LAVALLÉEO, RAINP, LESAINTO, et al. Structure effect of thin film polypropylene view by dielectric spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction: Application to dry type power capacitors[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2015,132(39):42602., articleTitle=Structure effect of thin film polypropylene view by dielectric spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction: Application to dry type power capacitors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935051550847548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1980, volume=17, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=JARRIGEONM, CHABERTB, CHATAIND, journalName=Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B: Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JARRIGEONM, CHABERTB, CHATAIND, et al. Multiple transitions in isotactic polypropylene around and above the glass transition[J]. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B: Physics,1980,17(1):1-24., articleTitle=Multiple transitions in isotactic polypropylene around and above the glass transition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935051668288066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1986, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=SPERLINGL H, journalName=Introduction to physical polymer science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SPERLINGL H. Introduction to physical polymer science[M]. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons,1986., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935051768951364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=钟力生, 李盛涛, 徐传骧, journalName=工程电介质物理与介电现象, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钟力生,李盛涛,徐传骧,等.工程电介质物理与介电现象[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2013., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935051890586182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=36, issue=6, pageStart=69, pageEnd=72, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=程璐, 漆乐俊, 姚成, journalName=电力电容器与无功补偿, refType=null, unstructuredReference=程璐,漆乐俊,姚成,等.电热老化对聚丙烯薄膜形态及击穿特性的影响[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2015,36(6):69-72., articleTitle=电热老化对聚丙烯薄膜形态及击穿特性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935052016415305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=185, issue=null, pageStart=121935, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=LIZ L, ZHONGZ Y, DUB X, journalName=Polymer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIZ L, ZHONGZ Y, DUB X. Dielectric relaxation and trap-modulated DC breakdown of polypropylene blend insulation[J]. Polymer,2019,185:121935., articleTitle=Dielectric relaxation and trap-modulated DC breakdown of polypropylene blend insulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210935052121272907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=54, issue=2, pageStart=103, pageEnd=110, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=李红雷, 付松林, 严智民, journalName=西安交通大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李红雷,付松林,严智民,等.液氮环境下电老化对聚丙烯层压纸交流击穿及陷阱分布特性的影响[J].西安交通大学学报, 2020,54(2):103-110., articleTitle=液氮环境下电老化对聚丙烯层压纸交流击穿及陷阱分布特性的影响, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210935044714131637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210935044722520246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, companyId=1210935044714131637, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210935044730908855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, companyId=1210935044714131637, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210935047180382533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Infrared spectra of BOPP films before and after ageing at 120℃, figureFileSmall=K9Sb8j2p0B+cPMQ6WcqsgQ==, figureFileBig=quThLPN4VswECB+IIn0mCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935047255880010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, label=图1, caption=120℃老化前后BOPP薄膜试样的FTIR图, figureFileSmall=K9Sb8j2p0B+cPMQ6WcqsgQ==, figureFileBig=quThLPN4VswECB+IIn0mCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935047486566745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=PLM images of BOPP films before and after ageing, figureFileSmall=fzC9BY98iW+Jw2hKRTz3BA==, figureFileBig=l8yikkOBkLPTZ9FBCPCnmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935047620784481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, label=图2, caption=老化前后BOPP薄膜试样的PLM图, figureFileSmall=fzC9BY98iW+Jw2hKRTz3BA==, figureFileBig=l8yikkOBkLPTZ9FBCPCnmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935047746613604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Diameter distribution of BOPP films crystallization rings, figureFileSmall=Q2dZNkVojZb3QCt3IsZ/zw==, figureFileBig=qSdZCmqPDfOqCEJ22XWq1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935047872442732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, label=图3, caption=BOPP薄膜“晶环”粒径分布图, figureFileSmall=Q2dZNkVojZb3QCt3IsZ/zw==, figureFileBig=qSdZCmqPDfOqCEJ22XWq1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935047973106034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=SEM images of BOPP films before and after ageing, figureFileSmall=7nSPRkYTemhfLNtJGpgnHw==, figureFileBig=l4ONlu8qCNIQt+Go3bRJ8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935048061186423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, label=图4, caption=老化前后BOPP薄膜试样的SEM图, figureFileSmall=7nSPRkYTemhfLNtJGpgnHw==, figureFileBig=l4ONlu8qCNIQt+Go3bRJ8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935048145072507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=XRD images of BOPP films before and after ageing, figureFileSmall=gkE33OInOCxwSSCtwsYTFA==, figureFileBig=DQcRNaismgiz57myOwtK8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935048216375680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, label=图5, caption=老化前后BOPP薄膜试样的XRD图, figureFileSmall=gkE33OInOCxwSSCtwsYTFA==, figureFileBig=DQcRNaismgiz57myOwtK8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935048300261767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=DSC images of BOPP films before and after ageing, figureFileSmall=3sRF9VywVLSHE4AOwUNZLQ==, figureFileBig=GGridKeJwJJkMCcEDBPgzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935048379953546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, label=图6, caption=老化前后BOPP薄膜试样的DSC图, figureFileSmall=3sRF9VywVLSHE4AOwUNZLQ==, figureFileBig=GGridKeJwJJkMCcEDBPgzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935048476422546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy of BOPP films before and after ageing, figureFileSmall=hTVQsOw4jLaoTqYhTs++GA==, figureFileBig=KpLSCpe4X9z58DxKiJwR1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935048535142808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, label=图7, caption=老化前后BOPP薄膜的动态力学损耗图谱, figureFileSmall=hTVQsOw4jLaoTqYhTs++GA==, figureFileBig=KpLSCpe4X9z58DxKiJwR1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935048598057372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Dielectric response of BOPP film before and after ageing, figureFileSmall=TUcR8yQhDRmvq+zhshhWyg==, figureFileBig=OOQe6r3JwBxJza5Cy/Q7mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935048677749153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, label=图8, caption=老化前后BOPP薄膜试样的介电响应, figureFileSmall=TUcR8yQhDRmvq+zhshhWyg==, figureFileBig=OOQe6r3JwBxJza5Cy/Q7mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935048778412458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Weibull distribution of breakdown field intensity of BOPP films before and after ageing, figureFileSmall=rOb9QzGEq/vj6yurjbkkRw==, figureFileBig=8eLSM/2yOOk1wFpXmITQyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935048879075759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, label=图9, caption=老化前后BOPP薄膜击穿场强的威布尔分布图, figureFileSmall=rOb9QzGEq/vj6yurjbkkRw==, figureFileBig=8eLSM/2yOOk1wFpXmITQyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935048971350451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Schematic diagram of aggregation structure of BOPP films before and after aging, figureFileSmall=fk34+T/xCFtgvdWtNckTAQ==, figureFileBig=yBHS+44UF9ACvHOYIJDBpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935049084596668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, label=图10, caption=老化前后BOPP薄膜聚集态结构示意图, figureFileSmall=fk34+T/xCFtgvdWtNckTAQ==, figureFileBig=yBHS+44UF9ACvHOYIJDBpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935049227203010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Crystallinity and lamellar size of BOPP film before and after ageing, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
老化温度进口试样国产试样
结晶度/%片晶尺寸/nm结晶度/%片晶尺寸/nm
未老化52.8013.4948.0013.15
80℃老化1 000 h53.1013.9851.2014.80
120℃老化1 000 h54.4014.7655.2015.65
), ArticleFig(id=1210935049336254918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

老化前后BOPP薄膜的结晶度和片晶尺寸

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
老化温度进口试样国产试样
结晶度/%片晶尺寸/nm结晶度/%片晶尺寸/nm
未老化52.8013.4948.0013.15
80℃老化1 000 h53.1013.9851.2014.80
120℃老化1 000 h54.4014.7655.2015.65
), ArticleFig(id=1210935049436918221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Dielectric response parameter of BOPP films before and after ageing at 50 Hz, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
老化温度进口试样国产试样
介电常数介质损耗因数介电常数介质损耗因数
未老化2.220.003 02.260.001 3
80℃老化1 000 h2.240.003 42.300.002 1
120℃老化1 000 h2.270.003 42.320.004 0
), ArticleFig(id=1210935049575330261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

50 Hz下老化前后BOPP介电响应参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
老化温度进口试样国产试样
介电常数介质损耗因数介电常数介质损耗因数
未老化2.220.003 02.260.001 3
80℃老化1 000 h2.240.003 42.300.002 1
120℃老化1 000 h2.270.003 42.320.004 0
), ArticleFig(id=1210935049675993564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=DC breakdown parameters of BOPP films before and after ageing, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
老化温度击穿概率/%进口试样国产试样
击穿场强/(kV/mm)形状参数击穿场强/(kV/mm)形状参数
未老化63.2678.922.46640.010.83
10613.3501.3
80℃63.2712.010.86646.37.13
10582.7441.0
120℃63.2748.88.14660.28.85
10533.1478.8
), ArticleFig(id=1210935049801822690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198664999888584901, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

老化前后BOPP薄膜的直流击穿参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
老化温度击穿概率/%进口试样国产试样
击穿场强/(kV/mm)形状参数击穿场强/(kV/mm)形状参数
未老化63.2678.922.46640.010.83
10613.3501.3
80℃63.2712.010.86646.37.13
10582.7441.0
120℃63.2748.88.14660.28.85
10533.1478.8
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146437660891000859, delFlag=0, nameCn=绝缘材料, nameEn=Insulating Materials, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1009-9239, eissn=null, cn=45-1287/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=CC BY-NC-ND, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=To3JhdgsOj1Q7eh5WnUN1g==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751261638140, updatedTime=1761735740591, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=I, firstLetterEn=I, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=Natural Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=To3JhdgsOj1Q7eh5WnUN1g==, picEn=O7zoVkJ9hJoi8iGUSQYTxg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369230903152828, language=CN, name=绝缘材料, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735740638, updatedTime=1761735740638, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369230945095869, language=EN, name=Insulating Materials, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735740648, updatedTime=1761735740648, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://jyct.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorDN/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1149653034449285133, websiteList=[Website(id=1189939819993166814, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149653034449285133, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761633361099, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761633401425, updateBy=18614031015, name=绝缘材料-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=绝缘材料, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189940292275991527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761633473700, updateTime=1761633473700, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292250825700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761633473694, updateTime=1761633473694, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292301157354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633473706, updateTime=1761633473706, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292238242787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/file/pic?fileId=MyqZAHzZT6tMetr2hjDKLQ==, createTime=1761633473691, updateTime=1761633473691, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292322128876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633473711, updateTime=1761633473711, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292267602918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761633473698, updateTime=1761633473698, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292309545963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633473708, updateTime=1761633473708, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292259214309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761633473696, updateTime=1761633473696, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292284380136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761633473702, updateTime=1761633473702, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940292292768745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939819993166814, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761633473704, updateTime=1761633473704, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189939820060275680, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149653034449285133, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761633361115, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761633397117, updateBy=18614031015, name=绝缘材料-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Insulating Materials, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189940323548722161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761633481156, updateTime=1761633481156, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323519362030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761633481149, updateTime=1761633481149, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323569693684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633481161, updateTime=1761633481161, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323506779117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/EN/file/pic?fileId=MyqZAHzZT6tMetr2hjDKLQ==, createTime=1761633481146, updateTime=1761633481146, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323586470902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633481165, updateTime=1761633481165, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323540333552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761633481154, updateTime=1761633481154, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323578082293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761633481163, updateTime=1761633481163, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323531944943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761633481152, updateTime=1761633481152, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323557110770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761633481158, updateTime=1761633481158, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189940323565499379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189939820060275680, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761633481160, updateTime=1761633481160, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=绝缘材料, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.insulation.org.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Insulating Materials, journalPhotoCn=To3JhdgsOj1Q7eh5WnUN1g==, journalPhotoEn=O7zoVkJ9hJoi8iGUSQYTxg==, journalFirstLetter=I, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.02.015, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/EN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.02.015, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/PDF/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.02.015, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/EN/PDF/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.02.015, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
热老化对电容器用聚丙烯薄膜结构及电学性能的影响
收藏切换
PDF下载
刘宏博 , 程璐 , 徐哲 , 马宇威 , 刘文凤
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2023,56(2): 96-103
收起
收藏切换
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2023, 56(2): 96-103
热老化对电容器用聚丙烯薄膜结构及电学性能的影响
全屏
刘宏博, 程璐, 徐哲, 马宇威, 刘文凤
作者信息
  • 西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049
  • 刘宏博(1996-),男(汉族),山东济南人,博士生,主要从事高储能电介质材料的研究。

通讯作者:

刘文凤(1982-),女(汉族),天津人,教授,主要从事电介质理论及其应用的研究。
Influence of thermal ageing on structure and electrical properties of polypropylene film for capacitors
Hongbo LIU, Lu CHENG, Zhe XU, Yuwei MA, Wenfeng LIU
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
出版时间: 2023-02-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.02.015
文章导航
收藏切换

双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)薄膜是应用于电力电容器的主流电介质材料,目前国产BOPP薄膜在长时热稳定性方面与进口产品相比仍存在差距。为了系统研究国产和进口BOPP薄膜长时热稳定性差异,以及BOPP薄膜的热老化机制,本文选择了市场主流的国产及进口电容器用BOPP薄膜作为研究对象,分别在80℃和120℃下进行了1 000 h真空热老化试验。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、光学显微镜观察、X射线衍射(XRD)、动态热机械分析(DMA)、介电谱和直流击穿等试验对比分析了两种BOPP薄膜在热老化前后分子结构、聚集态结构及电学性能的变化规律。结果表明:相比进口BOPP薄膜,国产薄膜结晶度较低,分子链间作用力较弱,击穿场强比进口薄膜低5.7%。在长时热老化作用下,国产和进口BOPP薄膜均发生重结晶过程,包括晶区片晶尺寸增大、结晶度升高,以及非晶区分子链排布疏松化,自由体积增大,同时薄膜结构的变化导致其老化后介质损耗上升和低概率区击穿场强下降,但相比国产薄膜,进口薄膜中更强的分子链间作用力抑制了重结晶过程,减缓了电弱点的生成和发展,使其具有更好的长时热稳定性。

电容器  /  聚丙烯  /  热老化  /  聚集态结构

Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film is a mainstream dielectric material used in power capacitor, there is still a large gap between thermal stability performance of imported BOPP films and that of domestic films. In order to systematically investigate the thermal stability of domestic and imported BOPP film, as well as to reveal the thermal ageing mechanism, we selected typical domestic and imported BOPP film samples, and conducted vacuum thermal ageing test on them for 1 000 h under 80℃ and 120℃, respectively. The changing law of molecular structure, aggregation structure, and electrical properties of the films before and after thermal ageing was compared and analyzed via infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical microscope observation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA), dielectric spectroscopy, and direct current breakdown strength. The results show that compared with that of imported BOPP films, the crystallinity of domestic films is lower and the force between molecular chains is weaker. The breakdown field strength of domestic films is 5.7% lower than that of imported films. Under the effect of long-term thermal ageing, both BOPP films have undergone recrystallization, including the increase of crystallinity and lamellae size in the crystal region and the increase of free volume and the molecular chains loss scale in the amorphous region. Meanwhile, the change of the aggregate structure leads to the increase of the dielectric loss and the decrease of the breakdown strength at low probability zone of the film after ageing. Moreover, compared with domestic films, the stronger inter-chain forces in imported films effectively inhibit the recrystallization process, and decrease the generation and development of electrical weakness, which makes the imported BOPP films have better long-term thermal stability.

capacitor  /  polypropylene  /  thermal ageing  /  aggregate structure
刘宏博, 程璐, 徐哲, 马宇威, 刘文凤. 热老化对电容器用聚丙烯薄膜结构及电学性能的影响. 绝缘材料, 2023 , 56 (2) : 96 -103 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.02.015
Hongbo LIU, Lu CHENG, Zhe XU, Yuwei MA, Wenfeng LIU. Influence of thermal ageing on structure and electrical properties of polypropylene film for capacitors[J]. Insulating Materials, 2023 , 56 (2) : 96 -103 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.02.015
电力电容器作为一种主要的变电和储能设备,广泛应用于输变电系统、新能源并网以及电动汽车等领域[1-2]。随着柔性直流输电系统等新一代电网技术的快速发展以及清洁能源的不断普及,电力电容器在高温环境下的应用更加广泛,而长期的高温运行对电容器的可靠性也带来了严峻挑战[3]。电容器的可靠性主要是由介质材料的性能决定的,双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)薄膜是目前应用于电力电容器的主流电介质材料,其具备极高的击穿场强、极低的介质损耗以及优良的可加工性[4-6]。然而,目前国产BOPP薄膜在长时热稳定性上与国外进口产品相比仍有加大差距,这严重限制了电力电容器在高温领域的国产化进程[7]。而想要提高国产BOPP薄膜的长时热稳定性,首先要明确BOPP材料的热老化机制,并找到国产BOPP薄膜长时热稳定性不足的原因。
老化是指在工作环境的持续作用下,材料化学组成部分以及物理结构发生明显变化,性能相应削弱的现象。作为电介质材料,聚丙烯电学特性的衰减规律是其老化研究中最受关注的核心问题。如J KURIMSKY等[8]通过对BOPP薄膜进行直流电老化和热老化实验,发现老化后薄膜直流击穿场强和形状参数均有不同程度的下降。近年来,研究人员也将研究重点深入到聚丙烯材料的老化机制上。如CHANG T Y等[9]通过太赫兹光谱研究了厚度为0.1 mm的PP薄膜的老化机制,发现随老化时间的增加,PP中会产生越来越多的极性自由基,从而导致薄膜介质损耗升高和击穿场强下降。然而,目前大部分老化研究中未屏蔽氧气的影响,与电力电容器所面临的实际工作环境有所区别。综合来看,目前的研究在老化参数设置以及热老化作用机理分析上仍存在很多不足。此外,也尚未有关于国产与进口BOPP薄膜长时特性对比的研究。
本文分别选取市场主流的国产和进口直流电容器用BOPP薄膜作为研究对象,进行真空热老化实验。通过对老化前后的薄膜试样进行微观结构表征和电学性能测试,获得长时高温作用下BOPP薄膜结晶特性的演变规律,建立BOPP薄膜聚集态结构与电学性能的关联,最终从微观结构角度出发,阐明BOPP薄膜热老化机制及国内外产品长时性能差异的原因,以期为我国高端电容器用BOPP薄膜的国产化设计和未来规模化应用提供参考。
本研究使用的国产和进口BOPP薄膜均由北欧化工HC300BF粒料经双向拉伸制得,厚度均为6 μm。将两种BOPP薄膜置于DZF-6050真空干燥箱中开展真空热老化实验,考虑到直流电容器最大工作温度为70~80℃,而在极端运行条件下局部可能升至120℃左右,因此老化温度分别设置为80℃和120℃。老化1 000 h后将试样取出,密封常温保存。
采用岛津公司IR Prestige-21 Fourier型显微红外光谱仪测试薄膜的傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR),以表征薄膜热老化前后的化学结构变化。由于BOPP薄膜具备极高的透光性,选用透射模式进行测试,测定范围为4 000~500 cm-1。采用蔡司公司GeminiSEM 500型扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对薄膜微观结构进行观察,放大倍数为2 000和12 000倍。采用奥林巴斯公司BX51型偏光显微镜(PLM)对薄膜表面结构,特别是晶环结构的形貌及分布进行直接观察,放大倍数为100倍。采用布鲁克公司D8 ADVANCE A25型X射线多晶衍射仪(XRD)对薄膜的结晶特性进行分析,包括晶型、结晶度等。采用梅特勒公司DSC 822型差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试BOPP的熔融行为,测试量约为5 mg,将样品置于标准铝坩埚内,在氮气保护下从室温加热至200℃熔融,升温速率设置为10℃/min。
采用NOVOCONTROL公司concept 80型宽频介电阻抗谱仪测试两种薄膜在热老化前后介电特性的频率响应。测试所采用的外施激励为3 V交流信号,测试频率为10-1~106 Hz。为保证试样同电极间的充分接触,在进行本测试前对试样进行喷金处理,分别在试样的上表面和下表面各喷镀一层直径为30 mm和40 mm的金层。通过试验室搭建的测量回路对薄膜的直流击穿场强进行测试,为了确保所得数据真实可靠,升压速率设置为0.5 kV/s,每种试样至少统计15个击穿点。
图1为国产和进口BOPP薄膜120℃老化前后的红外光谱图。
图1可以看出,在测试频率范围内,4种试样均呈现出典型的等规PP特征峰分布,即红外特征峰主要分布于以下3个区间:①3 000~2 820 cm-1波数范围内出现的较强特征峰,代表了PP主链上大量分布的-CH2-和-CH3的对称伸缩振动峰和不对称伸缩振动峰;②位于1 470 cm-1和1 367 cm-1处的特征峰,分别为-CH2-的弯曲振动峰和-CH3的对称变形振动峰;③在900~1 000 cm-1处出现的较弱的特征峰,代表着-CH3的面内、外摇摆振动峰[10]
值得注意的是,与一般聚烯烃热老化研究不同,本研究老化后的BOPP薄膜在1 600~1 800 cm-1处没有出现新的特征峰或峰强度的明显改变,而在其他研究中,由于在老化过程中受到氧气的影响,此波数范围内可能会出现代表着“-C-O-”或“-C=O”的特征峰[11]。究其原因,本研究为贴合实际电容器中的无氧环境,特意选择在真空环境中进行老化试验,从而有效避免了氧气对薄膜结构的影响。老化前后国内外BOPP试样的红外特征峰出现的波数与峰强无显著变化,表明本研究的热老化作用并未改变BOPP薄膜的原始结构或生成新的化学结构,老化过程以物理反应为主。
通过光学显微镜观察国产和进口BOPP薄膜的表面形貌,如图2所示。
图2可以看出,在4种BOPP薄膜的表面均存在类似于环形山形状的“晶环”凸起。“晶环”结构是BOPP薄膜特有的一种表面形态,在熔体挤出和铸片成型的过程中,通过控制挤出温度,使聚丙烯铸片中同时含有α晶和少量的β晶,而其后在拉伸和热定形过程中,β晶在热力学上更不稳定,在力和热的作用下会向α晶转化,且β晶的密度稍大于α晶,因此转化后在表面便形成了四周凸起的“晶环”结构[12]。此外,在热老化前后,国产和进口BOPP薄膜“晶环”数目和粒径均无明显的改变,可以认为热老化过程不会对BOPP薄膜的表面形貌有显著影响。
进一步对BOPP环形结晶进行统计可以发现,国产和进口BOPP薄膜的“晶环”结构在数目和粒径分布上存在很大的差异,如图3所示。从图3可以看出,进口薄膜的“晶环”数目明显多于国产薄膜,约为国产薄膜的5.4倍;同时进口薄膜“晶环”的粒径集中分布于50~150 μm,而国产薄膜“晶环”的粒径分布范围更宽,在25~250 μm均有分布。
BOPP薄膜的表面形貌对金属化膜镀层/基膜间界面以及油浸式电容器浸渍特性均有着重要影响。一般认为,BOPP薄膜的晶环结构同薄膜片晶形态及分布密切相关,进口BOPP薄膜晶环数目更多,粒径分布更为集中,这意味着进口BOPP薄膜在微观尺度上的分子链分布更为规整[13]
通过扫描电子显微镜观察薄膜表面的微观结构,如图4所示。从图4可以看出,老化后BOPP薄膜的“晶环”结构清晰完整,但在进一步放大后,可以看到老化后国产和进口试样均出现了少量的黑色低密度区域,其直径为100~200 nm,这可能是来源于长时热作用下薄膜结构缺陷的发展。老化后薄膜出现的低密度区域会对薄膜整体的绝缘特性产生重要的影响,因此有必要对薄膜长时热作用下的聚集态结构进行进一步研究。
通常高分子材料在高温下会发生分子链的重新排列,进而导致结晶特性发生改变,因此通过XRD研究了老化前后BOPP薄膜结晶特性的变化规律,如图5所示。从图5可以看出,所有试样均包含3个主要衍射峰,其2θ集中分布于10°~20°,依次位于14.0°、16.8°、18.5°处,分别对应于α晶的(110)晶面、(040)晶面、(130)晶面。同时,在测试范围内未观察到β晶的特征衍射峰,表明在热老化前后,国内外BOPP薄膜的主要晶型并未改变,即仍以α晶为主[14]
此外,通过对XRD图谱的面积进行积分,还可以进一步根据式(1)计算得到BOPP薄膜的结晶度(XC)。
XC=S1-S2S1
式(1)中:S1代表的是衍射图谱中整个衍射峰的面积;S2代表非晶区的面积。
为了研究热老化过程中试样分子链段的运动情况,本文也对片晶尺寸(Δ)进行了计算,可由Debye-Scherre公式计算得到,如式(2)所示[14]
Δ=KλFWHMcosθ
式(2)中:K为Scherrer形状因子,取值为0.89;λ为X射线波长,其值为0.154 06 nm;θ为Bragg角;FWHM为衍射峰(040)的半峰高宽度。
表1为BOPP薄膜的结晶度及片晶尺寸。从表1可以看出,在老化前,国产BOPP薄膜的结晶度和片晶尺寸分别为48.00%和13.15 nm,小于进口薄膜的52.80%和13.49 nm。而在经历热老化后,国产和进口BOPP薄膜的结晶度和片晶尺寸均呈现先出随老化温度提高而增大的趋势,且国产BOPP薄膜上升的趋势更为明显,以120℃老化为例,国产BOPP薄膜的结晶度和片晶尺寸较未老化薄膜分别提高了15%和19%,远高于进口薄膜的3%和9%。
通过DSC测试对薄膜老化前后的结晶特性进一步说明,图6为老化前后BOPP薄膜熔融过程的DSC图。从图6可以看出,老化后国产和进口BOPP薄膜的熔融温度均向高温方向移动,且国产薄膜熔融温度的上升幅度更大,这归因于薄膜在热老化过程中片晶的厚度增加。此外,老化后国内外BOPP的熔融峰均有变宽的趋势,并新出现小的杂峰,考虑到薄膜的晶型以α晶为主,这一现象可能来源于重结晶过程中新生成的部分次级有序结构。BOPP薄膜的结晶特性对其使用性能有着重要的影响,老化过程中BOPP薄膜结晶度和片晶厚度的升高,主要来源于薄膜受热发生的重结晶作用。具体而言,无定形区中无规则排布的分子链段在热力学上处于不平衡的亚稳态,存在向稳定的热力学结构-结晶态转变的趋势。因此在高温作用下,当非晶区分子链段获得足够的能量时,链段的运动单元得以在一定范围内发生移动和旋转,并向稳定的片晶结构转变,最终出现BOPP薄膜片晶尺寸的增大和宏观结晶度增的升高[15]。在热老化过程中,尽管国产和进口薄膜使用的为同一种粒料,但国产薄膜的重结晶作用较进口试样更为显著,造成薄膜老化行为差异的主要原因在于不同拉伸工艺下聚集态结构的不同,进口薄膜的分子链排布更为规整,特别是无定形区的分子链段仍存在一定的局部有序性,更稳定的结构有效抑制了重结晶作用的发展。
聚丙烯的非晶区分子链结构对整体的使用性能有着重要的影响,本研究通过动态热机械分析法研究了BOPP非晶区分子链段的运动特性。由于聚丙烯是一种典型的黏弹性材料,当外力对其做功时一部分会以弹性能的形式储存起来,另一部分则以热的形式耗散掉,因此在交替外力作用下,可以观察到薄膜力学的松弛现象。
图7为薄膜试样力学损耗随温度的变化规律。从图7可以看到,BOPP薄膜的力学损耗因子随测试温度的升高而增大,且在10~20℃出现1个峰值。该变化对应于聚丙烯的玻璃化转变过程,相应的峰值温度也称为玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。在经历热老化后,国产和进口薄膜的Tg均向低温方向移动,且老化温度越高,下降幅度越大。以120℃老化为例,进口薄膜由未老化的18.4℃下降至老化后的12.3℃,国产薄膜下降更为明显,由未老化的17.7℃下降至老化后的8.8℃。
对于聚丙烯而言,其玻璃化转变代表着薄膜非晶区在降温过程中从高弹态向玻璃态转变的过程,处于高弹态时,非晶区域中的分子链能发生部分的相对移动,处于玻璃态时,分子链则被“冻结”。BOPP薄膜的Tg主要受非晶区特性决定,一般而言,如果非晶区分子链间作用力更强,缠结更紧密,意味着链段需要更高的能量得以运动,薄膜即表现出更高的Tg。在老化过程中,国产和进口BOPP薄膜的Tg均向低温方向移动,这一现象来源于老化过程中发生的重结晶作用。一方面,无定形区的分子链向更稳定的晶态转变,增大了片晶尺寸;但另一方面,重结晶又导致了原本无定形区域中的分子链排布更为稀疏,链间相互作用力减弱,分子链热运动所需要的能量降低,最终导致Tg向低温方向移动[16]。老化前,国产薄膜的Tg更低,表明国产薄膜非晶区的分子链排布相比进口薄膜更为疏松。而在老化过程中,国产薄膜Tg下降的幅度更大,代表着非晶区链段向晶区转化的程度更高,即呈现出更为显著的重结晶过程,这与XRD实验中所观察到结果是相对应的。
高聚物的极化指的是其在外加电场作用下内部电荷分布发生变化,即沿外电场方向产生宏观偶极矩。BOPP薄膜的极化特性是决定其在电力电容器应用的核心参数。本研究在室温下测试了国内外BOPP薄膜热老化前后介电常数和介质损耗因数的频率响应特性,图8是BOPP薄膜在101~105 Hz的介电频谱。
图8可以看出,国产和进口BOPP薄膜的介电常数没有明显的区别,处于2.2~2.3,随频率的升高均有小幅减小的趋势,同时进口薄膜的介质损耗因数略低于国产薄膜。表2为50 Hz下老化前后BOPP薄膜的介电响应参数。从表2可以看出,老化后两种薄膜的介电常数和介质损耗均有不同程度的上升,且国产薄膜的上升幅度更高,特别是120℃老化后,50 Hz下的介质损耗因数由0.001 3上升为0.004 0。
聚丙烯作为一种无极性高聚物,自身不存在固有偶极矩,在外电场激发下以位移式极化为主,但也存在较弱的松弛极化,这来源于加工过程中不可避免引入的加工助剂、抗氧化剂以及部分小分子极性杂质等[17]。松弛极化在低频下才能完全建立,因此介电常数呈现出随频率的降低而小幅度升高的趋势。由于进口薄膜结晶度更高,分子链间相互作用力更强,因而松弛极化过程受到抑制,最终表现为进口薄膜的介质损耗因数较国产薄膜更低。
在经历热老化过程后,尽管两种薄膜的介电常数和介质损耗因数均有不同程度的上升,但并未观察到新的损耗峰生成,这表明聚丙烯的热老化并未引入新的极化形式。对于聚丙烯这类半结晶聚合物来说,大部分偶极子的松弛过程主要发生在分子链排布较为疏松的无定形区域[18],而在老化过程中,BOPP薄膜中无定形区的分子链首先发生重结晶过程,分子链间的束缚作用大幅下降,原本在电场作用下转向困难的偶极子更易发生极化作用,导致在宏观上材料介电常数和介质损耗因数的双重提升。因为进口薄膜重结晶过程受到抑制,其微观结构在热老化后仍能保持较高的规整度,所以进口薄膜不仅老化前较国产薄膜介质损耗因数更低,老化过程中介质损耗因数上升幅度也较低。
BOPP薄膜的击穿特性是其作为电容器介质最重要的性能。本研究测试了国内外BOPP薄膜在直流电场下的击穿场强,并使用威布尔分布对获得的数据进行统计分析。
威布尔分布作为一种可靠性分析和寿命校验的基础数学模型,广泛应用于对电介质材料击穿特性的评估中,其函数形式是连续的概率分布,如式(3)所示。
P(E)=1-exp[-(E/α)β]
式(3)中:P(E)为累积击穿概率;E为试样实测的直流击穿场强;α为尺度参数,代表累积击穿概率为63.2%时所对应的击穿场强,用于衡量介质材料的绝缘性能;β为形状参数,代表数据的分散性,β越大表明试样击穿场强的分布范围越窄。
图9为BOPP薄膜直流击穿实验结果的威布尔分布图,其特征击穿场强和分布参数见表3。从图9表3可以看出,在未老化前,无论是薄膜的尺度参数还是形状参数,国产薄膜相比进口薄膜都有一定的差距,国产薄膜的击穿场强和形状参数为640.0 kV/mm和10.83,两者均低于进口薄膜的678.9 kV/mm和22.46。值得注意的是,这一差距在热老化后更加显著。由于两种试样老化后击穿场强呈现出两段式分布,根据分布特性可将其分为高击穿概率区(击穿概率大于63.2%),和低击穿概率区(击穿概率小于10%)分别进行对比研究。
在高击穿概率区域,进口薄膜老化后的击穿场强相比未老化试样反而有所提升,其中80℃和120℃老化条件下的特征击穿场强分别提升了4.9%和10.3%。而国产薄膜在该区域的特征击穿场强的提升幅度不大,80℃和120℃的老化条件下分别提升了1.0%和3.2%。值得注意的是,老化后国内外BOPP的特征击穿场强差距被进一步扩大,以120℃老化为例,两者差距由未老化时的5.7%上升至11.8%。与高击穿概率区不同,在低击穿概率区两种薄膜试样的击穿场强都出现了下降。进口薄膜在80℃和120℃老化条件下的特征击穿场强分别下降了5.0%和13.1%,而国产薄膜在80℃和120℃老化条件下的特征击穿场强分别下降了12.0%和4.4%。
聚丙烯的击穿特性是评价其绝缘性能的核心参数。在本研究中,尽管国产及进口BOPP薄膜的特征击穿场强在热老化后出现了不同幅度的升高,然而对于电介质材料而言,薄膜在低击穿概率区的击穿特性对实际应用而言更具指导意义。这是因为电容器内部的击穿会造成容量的下降以及损耗的上升,而累积到一定程度甚至可能引发电容器整体的绝缘失效,因此,电力电容器的实际工作场强一般远低于BOPP薄膜的特征击穿场强[19]
为了更加直观地描述热老化过程中BOPP薄膜内部结构的变化以及对击穿性能的影响,基于上述测试结果,给出了热老化前后BOPP薄膜晶态结构的示意图,如图10所示。聚丙烯作为一种典型的半结晶聚合物,晶区与非晶区同时存在,其中晶区中的分子链以均匀致密的方式定向排布,而在非晶区部分,分子链段排布无规,链间空隙更大,且存在微孔一类的结构缺陷。而依据击穿理论,高聚物分子间的空隙统称为自由体积,在电场作用下载流子在自由体积中加速获得能量,并在之后同分子链撞击时释放,当能量超过一定阈值,就会引起分子链的断裂甚至雪崩击穿的发生。薄膜微孔缺陷中存在着较大的自由体积,载流子易在电场作用下持续加速获得较高的能量继而引发击穿,因此这类区域也称为BOPP薄膜的电弱点[20-21]
在老化过程中,BOPP薄膜内部发生重结晶过程,包括晶区缺陷晶体的完善和非晶区分子链段的重排,最终导致了BOPP薄膜的片晶尺寸增大,宏观结晶度升高。然而,重结晶作用也会导致非晶区密度进一步降低,微孔缺陷中自由体积增大,这意味着在相同场强下,载流子在电弱点区域能获得更高的能量,进而导致在较低场强下发生击穿的概率上升。对于国产BOPP薄膜而言,由于其结晶度以及分子链间作用力均小于进口产品,其试样内部分布的电弱点更多,因此其特征击穿场强以及形状参数均低于进口产品。在热老化过程中,国产BOPP分子链间作用力更小,发生的重结晶作用更为显著,使得国产薄膜微孔缺陷中自由体积更大,低概率区的击穿场强更低,这一现象是导致国产BOPP薄膜的热稳定性低于进口产品的核心原因。
(1)国产BOPP薄膜片晶尺寸和结晶度更小,玻璃化转变温度更低,分子链间作用力更小,而疏松的分子链排布导致分子链间的自由体积更大,使得国产薄膜的介质损耗更高以及击穿场强更低。
(2)将国产和进口BOPP薄膜分别在80℃和120℃下进行真空热老化实验,老化过程中国内外BOPP薄膜均出现重结晶现象,包括结晶区片晶尺寸增大和结晶度升高,以及非晶区分子链间作用力下降和自由体积增大,但进口薄膜的片晶尺寸和结晶度的上升幅度显著小于国产薄膜。
(3)老化后薄膜的介质损耗在低频下小幅升高,同时击穿场强出现两段式分布,呈现出在高击穿概率区上升而在低概率区下降的变化规律。其中,进口薄膜在低击穿概率区的击穿场强均明显高于国产薄膜,主要是由于进口薄膜中更强的分子链间作用力抑制了重结晶过程,使其电弱点缺陷的产生和发展得到了有效控制,最终表现出更好的长时热稳定性。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
周孝信,陈树勇,鲁宗相.电网和电网技术发展的回顾与展望——试论三代电网[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):1-11.
[2]
LIQ, YAOF Z, LIUY, et al. High-temperature dielectric materials for electrical energy storage[J]. Annual Review of Materials Research,2018,48:219-243.
[3]
周孝信.能源变革中电网和电网技术的发展前景[J].华电技术.2011,33(12):1-3.
[4]
张丕生,孙福国,徐辉,等.电容器薄膜用聚丙烯的生产现状[J].合成树脂及塑料,2021,38(3):59-63.
[5]
高新,冯叶飞.BOPP电容器薄膜市场现状与展望[C]//中国包装联合会塑料制品包装委员会第八届四次年会暨科技创新、转型升级、持续健康发展论坛论文集.海口:包装联合会塑料制品包装委员会,2015.
[6]
孙桂成.双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜双面粗化的工艺研究[J].绝缘材料,2006,39(4):62-64.
[7]
贝楠,王光科.BOPP电容膜生产设备对产品质量的影响[J].绝缘材料,2015,48(1):59-63.
[8]
KURIMSKYJ, KOSTERECM, VARGOVAB. Breakdown voltage of polypropylene film during C and thermal ageing[C]//2017 18th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering. Kouty nad Desnou, Czech Republic: IEEE,2017.
[9]
CHANGT Y, ZHANGX S, GUOQ J, et al. Terahertz dielectric spectroscopy based thermal aging analysis of polypropylene[J]. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology,2020,10(4):363-369.
[10]
叶润峰,裴家耀,郑明胜,等.高介电聚丙烯基纳米复合薄膜介电及储能性能抗老化特性[J].电工技术学报,2018,35(16):3529-3538.
[11]
陈键,张桂云,黄仕锋,等.聚丙烯热氧老化机理的研究[J].中国塑料,2015,29(7):63-66.
[12]
TAMURS, OHTAK, KANAIT. Study of crater structure formation on the surface of biaxially oriented polypropylene film[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2012,124(4):2725-2735.
[13]
TAMURAS, KANAIT. Control of well-defined crater structures on the surface of biaxially oriented polypropylene film by adding nucleators[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2013,130(5):3555-3564.
[14]
NISHINOT, MATSUMOTOT, NAKAMAEK. Surface structure of isotactic polypropylene by X-Ray diffraction[J]. Polymer Engineering & Science,2000,40(2):336-343.
[15]
KAHOULIA, GALLOT-LAVALLÉEO, RAINP, LESAINTO, et al. Structure effect of thin film polypropylene view by dielectric spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction: Application to dry type power capacitors[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2015,132(39):42602.
[16]
JARRIGEONM, CHABERTB, CHATAIND, et al. Multiple transitions in isotactic polypropylene around and above the glass transition[J]. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B: Physics,1980,17(1):1-24.
[17]
SPERLINGL H. Introduction to physical polymer science[M]. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons,1986.
[18]
钟力生,李盛涛,徐传骧,等.工程电介质物理与介电现象[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2013.
[19]
程璐,漆乐俊,姚成,等.电热老化对聚丙烯薄膜形态及击穿特性的影响[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2015,36(6):69-72.
[20]
LIZ L, ZHONGZ Y, DUB X. Dielectric relaxation and trap-modulated DC breakdown of polypropylene blend insulation[J]. Polymer,2019,185:121935.
[21]
李红雷,付松林,严智民,等.液氮环境下电老化对聚丙烯层压纸交流击穿及陷阱分布特性的影响[J].西安交通大学学报, 2020,54(2):103-110.
2023年第56卷第2期
PDF下载
233
107
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.02.015
  • 接收时间:2022-01-10
  • 首发时间:2025-11-21
  • 出版时间:2023-02-20
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-10
  • 修回日期:2022-03-09
基金
作者信息
    西安交通大学 电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049

通讯作者:

刘文凤(1982-),女(汉族),天津人,教授,主要从事电介质理论及其应用的研究。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.02.015
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏