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Article(id=1198670406296105759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198664995669110898, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.02.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1641484800000, receivedDateStr=2022-01-07, revisedDate=1645459200000, revisedDateStr=2022-02-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763714895080, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1676822400000, pubDateStr=2023-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763714895080, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763714895080, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763714895080, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198664995669110898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2023', volume='56', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='117', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763713605086, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563346770, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210617678729966036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198664995669110898, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210617678729966037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198664995669110898, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=91, endPage=95, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198670406577124131, articleId=1198670406296105759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Research on key properties of XLPE insulated high voltage cable shielding resin, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to further clarify the key properties of matrix resin in semiconducting shielding materials, three different types of semiconducting shielding materials at home and abroad were selected, and their microstructure characteristic, mechanical properties, electrical properties, and rheological properties were tested. The results show that the volume resistivity of each shielding material is low, and the temperature stability of resistivity is good. The acrylate content of the imported shielding material matrix resin is higher, polarity is greater, and the mechanical toughness is better. At the same time, the pseudoplasticity of the imported shielding material is stronger. In a certain shear rate range, the viscosity of the material can be reduced by increasing the shear rate appropriately, and the energy consumption can be reduced by increasing the fluidity, and then the production efficiency can be improved. Based on the results of the experimental analysis, the polarity or ester content of the material is proposed as a key parameter to reflect the matrix resin in the semiconductive shielding material.

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为进一步明确半导电屏蔽料中基体树脂的关键性能，选用国内外3种不同型号的半导电屏蔽料，分别对其微观结构进行表征，并对其电气、力学以及流变性能进行测试。结果表明：各屏蔽料的体积电阻率均较低，且电阻率温度稳定性均良好。进口屏蔽料基体树脂中的丙烯酸酯含量更高，具有更大的极性，材料的力学韧性更优。同时，进口屏蔽料的假塑性更强，在一定剪切速率范围内可以通过适当提高剪切速率以降低材料的黏度，提高流动性从而降低能耗，提高生产效率。基于实验分析结果，提出将材料的极性大小或酯含量，作为反映半导电屏蔽料中基体树脂的关键性参数。

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胡晨（1997-），男（汉族），浙江金华人，硕士生，主要从事电缆屏蔽材料的研究。
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徐曙（1986-），男（汉族），湖北武汉人，硕士，主要从事输电线路运维管理、地下电缆隧道和综合管廊运维管理、输电数字化建设应用研究工作。

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徐曙（1986-），男（汉族），湖北武汉人，硕士，主要从事输电线路运维管理、地下电缆隧道和综合管廊运维管理、输电数字化建设应用研究工作。

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徐曙（1986-），男（汉族），湖北武汉人，硕士，主要从事输电线路运维管理、地下电缆隧道和综合管廊运维管理、输电数字化建设应用研究工作。

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departmentName=null, remark=3直流输电技术国家重点实验室，广东 广州 510663)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210935050678440217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198670406296105759, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Variation of volume resistivity of each shielding material with temperature, figureFileSmall=KtC2mzkcXDPLhlj5U6YCXQ==, figureFileBig=SOQPPFW/+nfng+6ofk9ENg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935050762326301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198670406296105759, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各屏蔽料体积电阻率随温度的变化, figureFileSmall=KtC2mzkcXDPLhlj5U6YCXQ==, figureFileBig=SOQPPFW/+nfng+6ofk9ENg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935050871378211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198670406296105759, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Rheological properties of shielding material, figureFileSmall=B/ql98MxKB1m7yMWTpBXWw==, figureFileBig=5HaEWCkmNTMUCyYaw3efEQ==, tableContent=null), 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journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198670406296105759, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=XRD curves of shielding materials, figureFileSmall=SbnsA8p8RtVnUYJMhfswPg==, figureFileBig=mqNX1HVUzrDI3NN6W8DbGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935051320168758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198670406296105759, language=CN, label=图4, caption=屏蔽料的XRD曲线, figureFileSmall=SbnsA8p8RtVnUYJMhfswPg==, figureFileBig=mqNX1HVUzrDI3NN6W8DbGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935051412443448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198670406296105759, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=G(r) function curves diagram of shielding materials, figureFileSmall=nSfUXo472/tEZsDzfr+jcA==, figureFileBig=sf8EdOx9zb/ioDbGTqOSXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935051542466878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198670406296105759, language=CN, label=图5, caption=屏蔽料的G(r)函数曲线图, figureFileSmall=nSfUXo472/tEZsDzfr+jcA==, figureFileBig=sf8EdOx9zb/ioDbGTqOSXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210935051655713090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198670406296105759, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Tensile performance test results of shielding material, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样编号弹性模量/MPa断裂伸长率/%拉伸强度/MPa
1#屏蔽料96.3190.618.3
2#屏蔽料135.7189.921.0
3#屏蔽料92.4243.219.5
), ArticleFig(id=1210935051760570695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198670406296105759, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

屏蔽料的拉伸性能测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样编号弹性模量/MPa断裂伸长率/%拉伸强度/MPa
1#屏蔽料96.3190.618.3
2#屏蔽料135.7189.921.0
3#屏蔽料92.4243.219.5
), ArticleFig(id=1210935051886399818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198670406296105759, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=The rheological performance parameter table of shielding material, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样编号斜率n截距
1#0.332±0.0140.535±0.016
2#0.390±0.0160.445±0.018
3#0.321±0.0120.577±0.011
), ArticleFig(id=1210935051999646028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198670406296105759, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

屏蔽料的流变性能参数表

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试样编号斜率n截距
1#0.332±0.0140.535±0.016
2#0.390±0.0160.445±0.018
3#0.321±0.0120.577±0.011
), ArticleFig(id=1210935052112892240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198670406296105759, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=DSC test result data of shielding material sample, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样编号Tpc1/℃ΔHcryst1/℃Tpc2/℃ΔHcryst2/℃ΔHcryst1/ΔHcryst2Tpm1/℃ΔHfusion1/℃Tpm2/℃ΔHfusion2/℃ΔHfusion1/ΔHfusion2
1#75.530.087.119.91.590.439.9102.113.33.0
2#75.324.890.726.90.991.735.3105.213.82.6
3#74.027.5———88.228.5———
), ArticleFig(id=1210935052188389714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198670406296105759, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

屏蔽料试样的DSC测试结果数据

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试样编号Tpc1/℃ΔHcryst1/℃Tpc2/℃ΔHcryst2/℃ΔHcryst1/ΔHcryst2Tpm1/℃ΔHfusion1/℃Tpm2/℃ΔHfusion2/℃ΔHfusion1/ΔHfusion2
1#75.530.087.119.91.590.439.9102.113.33.0
2#75.324.890.726.90.991.735.3105.213.82.6
3#74.027.5———88.228.5———
), ArticleFig(id=1210935052276470105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198670406296105759, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=Atomic proximity distance of shielding material, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样编号第一邻近距离/Å第二邻近距离/Å第三邻近距离/Å
1#1.663.126.35
2#1.653.136.31
3#1.643.136.26
), ArticleFig(id=1210935052364550491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198670406296105759, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

屏蔽料的原子邻近距离

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试样编号第一邻近距离/Å第二邻近距离/Å第三邻近距离/Å
1#1.663.126.35
2#1.653.136.31
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XLPE绝缘高压电缆屏蔽料树脂关键性能研究
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徐曙 1 , 章彬 1 , 胡晨 3 , 伍国兴 1 , 黎小林 2, 3 , 傅明利 2, 3 , 侯帅 2, 3 , 朱闻博 2, 3
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2023,56(2): 91-95
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2023, 56(2): 91-95
XLPE绝缘高压电缆屏蔽料树脂关键性能研究
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徐曙1, 章彬1, 胡晨3, 伍国兴1, 黎小林2, 3, 傅明利2, 3, 侯帅2, 3, 朱闻博2, 3
作者信息
  • 1深圳供电局有限公司，广东 深圳 518000
  • 2南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司， 广东 广州 510663
  • 3直流输电技术国家重点实验室，广东 广州 510663

    • 徐曙（1986-），男（汉族），湖北武汉人，硕士，主要从事输电线路运维管理、地下电缆隧道和综合管廊运维管理、输电数字化建设应用研究工作。

通讯作者:

胡晨（1997-），男（汉族），浙江金华人，硕士生，主要从事电缆屏蔽材料的研究。
Research on key properties of XLPE insulated high voltage cable shielding resin
Shu XU1, Bin ZHANG1, Chen HU3, Guoxing WU1, Xiaolin LI2, 3, Mingli FU2, 3, Shuai HOU2, 3, Wenbo ZHU2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau, Shenzhen 518000, China
  • 2Electric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
  • 3State Key Laboratory of HVDC, Guangzhou 510663, China
出版时间: 2023-02-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.02.014
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摘要
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为进一步明确半导电屏蔽料中基体树脂的关键性能，选用国内外3种不同型号的半导电屏蔽料，分别对其微观结构进行表征，并对其电气、力学以及流变性能进行测试。结果表明：各屏蔽料的体积电阻率均较低，且电阻率温度稳定性均良好。进口屏蔽料基体树脂中的丙烯酸酯含量更高，具有更大的极性，材料的力学韧性更优。同时，进口屏蔽料的假塑性更强，在一定剪切速率范围内可以通过适当提高剪切速率以降低材料的黏度，提高流动性从而降低能耗，提高生产效率。基于实验分析结果，提出将材料的极性大小或酯含量，作为反映半导电屏蔽料中基体树脂的关键性参数。

半导电屏蔽料  /  基体树脂  /  微观结构表征  /  力学性能  /  电气性能  /  流变性能

In order to further clarify the key properties of matrix resin in semiconducting shielding materials, three different types of semiconducting shielding materials at home and abroad were selected, and their microstructure characteristic, mechanical properties, electrical properties, and rheological properties were tested. The results show that the volume resistivity of each shielding material is low, and the temperature stability of resistivity is good. The acrylate content of the imported shielding material matrix resin is higher, polarity is greater, and the mechanical toughness is better. At the same time, the pseudoplasticity of the imported shielding material is stronger. In a certain shear rate range, the viscosity of the material can be reduced by increasing the shear rate appropriately, and the energy consumption can be reduced by increasing the fluidity, and then the production efficiency can be improved. Based on the results of the experimental analysis, the polarity or ester content of the material is proposed as a key parameter to reflect the matrix resin in the semiconductive shielding material.

semi-conductive shielding materials  /  matrix resin  /  microstructure characterization  /  mechanical property  /  electrical property  /  rheological property
徐曙, 章彬, 胡晨, 伍国兴, 黎小林, 傅明利, 侯帅, 朱闻博. XLPE绝缘高压电缆屏蔽料树脂关键性能研究. 绝缘材料, 2023 , 56 (2) : 91 -95 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.02.014
Shu XU, Bin ZHANG, Chen HU, Guoxing WU, Xiaolin LI, Mingli FU, Shuai HOU, Wenbo ZHU. Research on key properties of XLPE insulated high voltage cable shielding resin[J]. Insulating Materials, 2023 , 56 (2) : 91 -95 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.02.014
正文
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0 引言
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随着我国城镇化建设及工业化建设步伐的加快，具有远距离、大容量等优点的高压、超高压以及特高压输电得到了迅速发展[1-3]。在以交联聚乙烯为主要绝缘的高压电缆中，内外屏蔽层是不可或缺的一部分，主要起到均匀电场、消除气隙以及保护主绝缘的作用。电缆屏蔽层性能对电缆使用寿命及长期运行安全性的影响主要体现在屏蔽层的光洁性、杂质的迁移等[4-9]。在中高压电缆方面，吴道虎等[10]利用乙烯醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）与导电炭黑对可剥离型屏蔽料的配方进行了调试。赵威等[11]研究了内半导电层老化对电缆水树缺陷诱发性的影响。方也等[12]通过熔融共混及热压交联的方式制备了乙烯醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）/炭黑（CB）-多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）新型半导电屏蔽复合材料，研究了不同MWNTs含量对半导电屏蔽复合材料的电气性能以及力学性能的影响。
虽然有众多学者对半导电屏蔽料进行了细致的研究，但国内电缆屏蔽料生产仍主要集中于中低压电缆屏蔽料，高压半导电屏蔽料基本处于空白。由于高压半导电屏蔽料对材料的选择和制备的要求非常严格，国内大多数电缆屏蔽料厂家基本只能生产35 kV及以下的交联电缆用屏蔽料。目前，基体树脂对于屏蔽料性能的作用和影响机理的研究尚缺，对于决定屏蔽料性能关键的特征参数也尚待明确。
本研究选取3种220 kV电压等级的半导电屏蔽料，通过研究各屏蔽料基体树脂的微观结构特征，电气、力学以及流变性能，对比国内外不同屏蔽料基体树脂之间的性能差异，分析差异产生的原因，以期为电缆屏蔽料的国产化以及性能指标的建立提供数据支持。
1 实验
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1.1 试样制备
选取了国内外3款典型的高压交流电缆屏蔽料，分别命名为1#、2#和3#屏蔽料，其中1#和2#屏蔽料为国产屏蔽料，3#屏蔽料为进口屏蔽料，3种屏蔽料的基体树脂均为乙烯丙烯酸丁酯共聚物（EBA）。压制试样的设备为平板硫化仪，半导电屏蔽料试样使用模具配合聚脂薄膜压制而成。平板硫化仪温度设定为175℃，预热1～2 min，使材料充分熔融流动后，在10 MPa的压强下加压20 min，并自然冷却24 h后以备测试使用。
1.2 宏观性能测试及微观结构表征
体积电阻率测试：测试设备为西安宏鹄检测仪器有限公司的BD400H型半导电橡胶电阻率测试仪，测试电流为1 mA。分别选取30、45、60、75、90℃5个温度节点对3种电缆屏蔽料进行体积电阻率的测量，试样与试验装置在对应的温度节点下预热至少20 min后进行测试。根据测试的体积电阻率结果绘制电阻率随温度上升的变化趋势。
力学拉伸试验：参照GB/T 1040.3—2006，试样为4 mm×75 mm的哑铃型试样，试样按每个试验方向为一组，每组试样5个，试验速度为250 mm/min。
流变性能测试：测试设备为HAAKE RHEOMIX 600型转矩流变仪，称取屏蔽料粒料约50 g倒入密炼室，并将温度保持在110℃。分别设置转速为3、4、5、6、8、10、20、30、40、50 r/min，以观察转矩与转速之间的关系。
差示扫描量热分析（DSC）测试：试验采用瑞士梅特勒托利多公司的DSC822E型差示扫描量热仪。设定以10℃/min的升温速率从25℃升温至200℃，恒温3 min后，再以10℃/min的速率降温至25℃，再以10℃/min的升温速率从25℃升温至200℃，试验过程全程以高纯氮气保护。
X射线衍射（XRD）试验：试验在Bruker D8 ADVANCEA25 X型射线衍射仪上进行，采用铜靶Kα辐射源，X射线波长λ=0.154 18 nm，加速电压为40 kV，加速电流为40 mA。扫描范围2θ为10°～60°，扫描步长为0.02°，步进为0.2 s。
2 实验结果
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2.1 体积电阻率
测得各屏蔽料的体积电阻率如图1所示。从图1可以看出，半导电屏蔽料的电阻率在室温下较小，随着温度的上升，电阻率呈现增大的趋势，这一阶段的温度范围均属于电阻率的正温度系数。
从图1还可以看出，各屏蔽料的体积电阻率均较低，电阻率温度稳定性均良好。当温度上升至材料的熔点附近时，基体树脂开始熔融膨胀，材料内部的晶区熔融形成非晶区[13]，热膨胀使基体树脂体积迅速增大，导电网络遭到破坏，材料的体积电阻率增大。
2.2 拉伸性能
表1为各屏蔽料的拉伸性能测试结果。从表1可以看出，3种屏蔽料均满足GB/T 1040.3—2006规定的拉伸强度≥12.0 MPa，断裂伸长率≥150%要求。各屏蔽料的拉伸强度差别不大，2#屏蔽料的弹性模量更高，而3#屏蔽料具有较低的弹性模量以及较高的断裂伸长率。其中，3#屏蔽料的断裂伸长率为243.2%，具有良好的力学韧性。
2.3 流变性能测试
对各屏蔽料的流变性能进行了测试，坐标轴采用双对数坐标，在110℃条件下其转矩与转速的关系如图2所示。作用转矩M与粘性力矩平衡，即与剪切应力σ相关；转速N与剪切速率γ˙相关。根据流变学中的幂律公式，可以认为M与N之间应有式（1）对应关系[14-16]。
M=C(n)KNn
式（1）中：n、K为幂律方程中的值；C(n)是与n值相关的系数。其中，n值称为材料的流动指数或非牛顿系数，n偏离1的程度反映了材料假塑性或胀流性的强弱。
对图2中3种屏蔽料的流变曲线作线性拟合得到的信息如表2所示。
对于高分子填充体系，影响填充体系流动性质的因素包括：填料粒子与基体树脂本身的流变性、填料粒子与基体树脂间的相容性、填料粒子间的相互作用以及粒子在基体中的分散状态等。表2中的斜率n代表材料的流动指数，可以作为材料非线性强弱的量度（n为1时代表线性，偏离1越多，则非线性越强），因此所有影响材料非线性性质的因素都会对流动指数有所影响。从表2可以看出，2#屏蔽料的流动指数较大，相对偏离1则更少，因此其非线性相对更弱。而1#屏蔽料与3#屏蔽料的流动指数相差很小，且3#屏蔽料的流动指数更低，表明3#屏蔽料具有更强的假塑性。因此在一定剪切速率范围内，可以通过适当提高剪切速率，以降低材料的黏度，增加流动性，从而降低能耗，提高生产效率。在实际生产加工过程中扩大了加工参数的调整范围，有利于工艺参数的选择和控制。
流变拟合直线中截距的存在表明复合材料表现出了屈服行为。屈服应力的值主要取决于填料的性质和用量，而与被填充树脂基体的黏度关系不大，该屈服现象体现了填料粒子与树脂基体间的相容性。由表2中的截距数据可知，3#屏蔽料的截距数值更大，表明其屈服应力更高，这是由于3#屏蔽料的树脂基体与炭黑填料之间的界面作用力更强，更有利于炭黑填料的分散。
2.4 差示扫描量热分析
图3为各屏蔽料在结晶过程中经分峰处理后的DSC曲线图，从图3可以看出，3种屏蔽料的DSC曲线存在着明显的差异，1#和2#屏蔽料在结晶过程中均存在着两组峰温，而3#屏蔽料仅存在一组单峰。各屏蔽料的熔融与结晶峰温、热焓值列于表3中。
通过分峰处理后的数据可以看出，无论熔融过程或是结晶过程，1#和2#屏蔽料均存在着比较接近的两组峰温。而3#屏蔽料仅存在较低温度的一组峰温。因为DSC测试结果显示，1#、2#屏蔽料含有两组熔融峰温，所以判断国产屏蔽料是由两种不同丙烯酸酯含量的EBA树脂共混而成。通常丙烯酸酯含量越高，树脂的熔点越低，因此从熔融曲线中对应的两处热焓值的大小之比可以反映两种不同成分的比例[17-18]。3#屏蔽料不存在第二组峰温，表明3#屏蔽料仅含有高丙烯酸酯含量的EBA树脂。
2.5 XRD测试
图4为各屏蔽料的XRD衍射谱图，从图4可以看出，1#、2#两种屏蔽料测试结果相近，均分别在2θ为21.6°和23.7°处出现两个主结晶特征峰，分别对应于亚甲基聚合部分的正交晶型晶面(110)、(200)[19]，同时在2θ为15°～30°处存在非晶态的“鼓包”。此外，3#屏蔽料与1#、2#屏蔽料相比多出了25.6°的特征峰，初步推测此特征峰的差异源自屏蔽料中的炭黑。
为进一步了解各屏蔽料中基体树脂之间的差异以及其微观结构表征信息，对各屏蔽料的XRD曲线进行了约化径向分布函数分析，如图5所示。约化径向分布函数是由约化结构函数经过傅里叶变换得到[20-21]，从图5可以看出，当原子邻近距离r为1～5 Å时，曲线呈现两个峰，通过各峰位信息，可以得到最邻近原子距离与次邻近原子距离，结果如表4所示。从表4可以看出，各屏蔽料的第一邻近距离均在1.65 Å附近，即0.165 nm，该邻近距离对应的是碳碳单键的键长。然而，有机物中一般碳碳单键的键长处于1.53～1.54 Å，造成第一邻近距离差异较大的原因在于，为简化数据处理将聚合物中的分子链均当作碳原子处理，在进行强度标准化时氢原子的忽略造成了标度因子偏大，从而使得第一邻近距离偏大。
从图5和表4还可以看出，3#屏蔽料的第一邻近距离相对更小，主要原因包括：①相较于碳原子，氧原子的原子半径更小，形成共价键时原子间距更短；②酯基具有极性，产生的诱导效应使碳碳单键键长缩短[22-23]；③酯基当中的吸电子共轭效应使得键长趋于平均化。因此3#屏蔽料中所含有的极性更大，即丙烯酸酯含量更高。第二邻近距离不到第一邻近距离的2倍，原因在于第二邻近距离需要考虑到键角的影响，同时该距离还将受到分子链间的影响。相较于第二邻近距离的结果，第三邻近距离的差异更为显著。
由于第三邻近距离约为碳碳单键的4倍，在以单个碳原子作为参考原子进行计算时，该距离的球壳半径涉及到5个碳原子。此外，该距离受支链的影响较大，因此必须考虑含丙烯酸酯部分的侧链影响。对于单条含丙烯酸酯的支链，其第三邻近距离的计算将至少对5个主链上的碳原子产生影响，影响具体表现为第三邻近距离缩短。因此第三邻近距离越小，表明屏蔽料中含有的丙烯酸酯侧链的部分越多，丙烯酸酯含量越高。由表4中的数据可知，3#屏蔽料中的丙烯酸酯含量更高，材料的极性更强。这一点与力学拉伸测试结果相对应，EBA树脂的丙烯酸酯含量越高，树脂的极性越大，材料的力学韧性更优。
3 结论
收起
（1）半导电屏蔽料基体树脂中的丙烯酸酯含量越高，树脂的极性越大，材料的断裂伸长率越大，力学韧性更优。
（2）半导电屏蔽料的假塑性强弱影响着实际生产加工过程中工艺参数的调整范围。此外，其屈服应力的大小反映了基体树脂与炭黑填料之间界面作用力的强弱，屈服应力越大，两相之间的界面作用力越强。
（3）基于上述各项性能研究的结果，基体树脂的极性大小或酯含量，影响着材料的力学、电气以及流变性能，同时对导电炭黑的分散也起着关键作用，能够作为评价半导电屏蔽料树脂的关键性参数。
基金
收起
  • 南方电网公司科技项目(SZKJXM20190588)
  • 南网科研院“高潜计划”项目(SEPRI-K206002)
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2023年第56卷第2期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.02.014
  • 接收时间：2022-01-07
  • 首发时间：2025-11-21
  • 出版时间：2023-02-20
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  • 收稿日期：2022-01-07
  • 修回日期：2022-02-22
基金
南方电网公司科技项目(SZKJXM20190588)
南网科研院“高潜计划”项目(SEPRI-K206002)
作者信息
    1深圳供电局有限公司，广东 深圳 518000
    2南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司， 广东 广州 510663
    3直流输电技术国家重点实验室，广东 广州 510663

通讯作者:

胡晨（1997-），男（汉族），浙江金华人，硕士生，主要从事电缆屏蔽材料的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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