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Article(id=1198662251449249892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198662245069713420, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.01.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1640534400000, receivedDateStr=2021-12-27, revisedDate=1649260800000, revisedDateStr=2022-04-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763712950813, onlineDateStr=2025-11-21, pubDate=1674144000000, pubDateStr=2023-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763712950813, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763712950813, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763712950813, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1198662245069713420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2023', volume='56', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='114', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763712949292, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563309216, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210617521154159057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198662245069713420, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210617521154159058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1198662245069713420, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=77, endPage=81, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1198662251839320173, articleId=1198662251449249892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Overload capacity analysis of three-element mixed insulating oil transformer, columnId=1190369198472794288, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Insulation Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aimed at a new type of three-element mixed insulating oil, we developed a mixed insulating oil transformer with high overload capacity. On the basis of the analysis on the heat resistance grade and temperature rise limit of the mixed insulating oil transformer and mineral insulating oil transformer, the temperature rise of insulating oil distribution transformer with different overload capacity was compared combined with the relevant calculation and test detection of the model machine. Some structural optimization suggestions of mixed insulating oil distribution transformer were proposed and the cost was compared. The results show that the overload capacity of oil-immersed distribution transformer can increase from 1.5 times to 1.75 times by using the hybrid insulation system composed of a new type of high temperature resistant ternary mixed insulating oil and DPE insulating paper or Nomex T910 insulating paper, and the corresponding cost increases less than 8%, which has strong practicability and economy.

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针对一种新型三元混合绝缘油，研制出具有高过载能力的混合绝缘油变压器。在对混合绝缘油和矿物绝缘油配电变压器的耐热等级和温升限值进行分析的基础上，结合样机的相关计算与试验检测，对不同过载能力的绝缘油配电变压器温升进行对比，给出了混合绝缘油配电变压器的结构优化建议，并进行了成本对比。结果表明：采用耐高温的新型三元混合绝缘油以及DPE绝缘纸或Nomex T910绝缘纸组成的混合绝缘系统，可将油浸式配电变压器的过载能力由1.5倍提升至1.75倍，相应成本增加不到8%，具有很强的实用性和经济性。

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刘梦娜（1993-），女（汉族），湖北武汉人，工程师，研究方向为高电压技术；

江翼（1985-），男（汉族），湖北武汉人，高级工程师，研究方向为高电压技术。

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刘梦娜（1993-），女（汉族），湖北武汉人，工程师，研究方向为高电压技术；

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刘梦娜（1993-），女（汉族），湖北武汉人，工程师，研究方向为高电压技术；

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江翼（1985-），男（汉族），湖北武汉人，高级工程师，研究方向为高电压技术。

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江翼（1985-），男（汉族），湖北武汉人，高级工程师，研究方向为高电压技术。

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参数矿物油变压器混合油变压器
额定负载正常周期性负载额定负载正常周期性负载
额定电流倍数1.01.51.01.75
顶层油/K55655575
绕组热点/K7810078110
铁心、油箱及结构表面/K8010080110
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变压器的温升限值

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参数矿物油变压器混合油变压器
额定负载正常周期性负载额定负载正常周期性负载
额定电流倍数1.01.51.01.75
顶层油/K55655575
绕组热点/K7810078110
铁心、油箱及结构表面/K8010080110
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参数S11-M-315/35(A款)S(B)11-315/35GZ(C款)S13-M-400/10(B款)S13-M(B)-400/10GZ(D款)
充矿物油充混合油充矿物油充混合油
额定电流倍数1.01.51.01.751.01.51.01.75
低压绕组温升/K48.087.339.069.155.097.637.668.5
高压绕组温升/K52.797.035.662.951.596.335.866.3
油顶层温升/K41.063.230.946.442.864.034.956.5
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优化后变压器温升及过负载试验结果

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参数S11-M-315/35(A款)S(B)11-315/35GZ(C款)S13-M-400/10(B款)S13-M(B)-400/10GZ(D款)
充矿物油充混合油充矿物油充混合油
额定电流倍数1.01.51.01.751.01.51.01.75
低压绕组温升/K48.087.339.069.155.097.637.668.5
高压绕组温升/K52.797.035.662.951.596.335.866.3
油顶层温升/K41.063.230.946.442.864.034.956.5
), ArticleFig(id=1210916724497584671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1198662251449249892, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=Overload capacity test data of mixed oil transformer, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数S(B)11-315/35GZ(C款)S13-M(B)-400/10GZ(D款)
规定限值试验值规定限值试验值
额定电流倍数1.751.75
低压绕组温升/K11069.111068.5
高压绕组温升/K11062.911066.3
油顶层温升/K7546.47556.5
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混合油变压器过负载能力试验数据

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参数S(B)11-315/35GZ(C款)S13-M(B)-400/10GZ(D款)
规定限值试验值规定限值试验值
额定电流倍数1.751.75
低压绕组温升/K11069.111068.5
高压绕组温升/K11062.911066.3
油顶层温升/K7546.47556.5
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变压器高压线圈低压线圈
线规(铜)/mm电流密度/(A/mm²)质量/kg线规(铜)/mm电流密度/(A/mm²)质量/kg
S11-M-315/35Φ1.202.85154.03.0×11.23.4474.0
S(B)11-315/35GZΦ1.123.05120.42.8×12.53.3071.6
S13-M-400/10Φ2.502.72147.03.35×11.82.47120.0
S13-M(B)-400/10GZ1.18×4.252.78139.54.75×11.82.62108.6
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高低压绕组线圈材料对比

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变压器高压线圈低压线圈
线规(铜)/mm电流密度/(A/mm²)质量/kg线规(铜)/mm电流密度/(A/mm²)质量/kg
S11-M-315/35Φ1.202.85154.03.0×11.23.4474.0
S(B)11-315/35GZΦ1.123.05120.42.8×12.53.3071.6
S13-M-400/10Φ2.502.72147.03.35×11.82.47120.0
S13-M(B)-400/10GZ1.18×4.252.78139.54.75×11.82.62108.6
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变压器线圈质量/kg线圈规格器身质量/kg器身尺寸(长×宽×高)
S11-M-315/35228Φ314 mm ×409 mm8481070 mm×295 mm×734 mm
S(B)11-315/35GZ192Φ304 mm ×404 mm8121020 mm×304 mm×734 mm
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线圈参数对比

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变压器线圈质量/kg线圈规格器身质量/kg器身尺寸(长×宽×高)
S11-M-315/35228Φ314 mm ×409 mm8481070 mm×295 mm×734 mm
S(B)11-315/35GZ192Φ304 mm ×404 mm8121020 mm×304 mm×734 mm
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变压器绝缘材料型号规格质量/kg单价/(元/kg)总价/元
S11-M-315/35DDP普通点胶纸(A级)830240
S(B)11-315/35GZDPE增强点胶纸(B级)6120720
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主绝缘材料及用量

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变压器绝缘材料型号规格质量/kg单价/(元/kg)总价/元
S11-M-315/35DDP普通点胶纸(A级)830240
S(B)11-315/35GZDPE增强点胶纸(B级)6120720
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三元混合绝缘油变压器过载能力分析
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刘梦娜 1, 2 , 江翼 1, 2 , 罗传仙 1, 2 , 徐惠 1, 2 , 邱虎 1, 2 , 张静 1, 2
绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2023,56(1): 77-81
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绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2023, 56(1): 77-81
三元混合绝缘油变压器过载能力分析
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刘梦娜1, 2, 江翼1, 2, 罗传仙1, 2, 徐惠1, 2, 邱虎1, 2, 张静1, 2
作者信息
  • 1国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司,湖北 武汉 430074
  • 2南瑞集团(国网电力科学研究院)有限公司,江苏 南京 211000

    • 刘梦娜（1993-），女（汉族），湖北武汉人，工程师，研究方向为高电压技术；

    江翼（1985-），男（汉族），湖北武汉人，高级工程师，研究方向为高电压技术。

Overload capacity analysis of three-element mixed insulating oil transformer
Mengna LIU1, 2, Yi JIANG1, 2, Chuanxian LUO1, 2, Hui XU1, 2, Hu QIU1, 2, Jing ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Wuhan NARI Co., Ltd., State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430074, China
  • 2Nanjing NARI Group Corp (State Grid Electric Power Research Institute), Nanjing 211000, China
出版时间: 2023-01-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.01.012
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摘要
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针对一种新型三元混合绝缘油，研制出具有高过载能力的混合绝缘油变压器。在对混合绝缘油和矿物绝缘油配电变压器的耐热等级和温升限值进行分析的基础上，结合样机的相关计算与试验检测，对不同过载能力的绝缘油配电变压器温升进行对比，给出了混合绝缘油配电变压器的结构优化建议，并进行了成本对比。结果表明：采用耐高温的新型三元混合绝缘油以及DPE绝缘纸或Nomex T910绝缘纸组成的混合绝缘系统，可将油浸式配电变压器的过载能力由1.5倍提升至1.75倍，相应成本增加不到8%，具有很强的实用性和经济性。

油浸式配电变压器  /  混合绝缘油  /  过载能力  /  结构优化

Aimed at a new type of three-element mixed insulating oil, we developed a mixed insulating oil transformer with high overload capacity. On the basis of the analysis on the heat resistance grade and temperature rise limit of the mixed insulating oil transformer and mineral insulating oil transformer, the temperature rise of insulating oil distribution transformer with different overload capacity was compared combined with the relevant calculation and test detection of the model machine. Some structural optimization suggestions of mixed insulating oil distribution transformer were proposed and the cost was compared. The results show that the overload capacity of oil-immersed distribution transformer can increase from 1.5 times to 1.75 times by using the hybrid insulation system composed of a new type of high temperature resistant ternary mixed insulating oil and DPE insulating paper or Nomex T910 insulating paper, and the corresponding cost increases less than 8%, which has strong practicability and economy.

oil-immersed distribution transformer  /  mixed insulating oil  /  overload capacity  /  structure optimization
刘梦娜, 江翼, 罗传仙, 徐惠, 邱虎, 张静. 三元混合绝缘油变压器过载能力分析. 绝缘材料, 2023 , 56 (1) : 77 -81 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.01.012
Mengna LIU, Yi JIANG, Chuanxian LUO, Hui XU, Hu QIU, Jing ZHANG. Overload capacity analysis of three-element mixed insulating oil transformer[J]. Insulating Materials, 2023 , 56 (1) : 77 -81 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.01.012
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0 引言
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混合油高过载变压器内部加注的绝缘液体是新型三元混合绝缘油[1]，所有紧贴绕组的绝缘均采用耐热等级为130级（B）的绝缘材料，其余固体绝缘部分采用105级（A）材料。相比矿物油，三元混合油具有更高的燃点以及更优的消防和环保特性[2]。近年来，对高过载油浸式配电变压器的研究主要集中在植物绝缘油[3-5]和变压器固体绝缘材料的理化特性[6]、新型固液绝缘的老化机理和热老化生成物[7-9]等方面，并推出了相关标准[10-11]，根据GB/Z 1094.14—2011[10]，在更换线圈固体绝缘材料和绝缘液体的情况下可提升变压器的过载能力，从而有效提升变压器的可靠性与经济性。
研究发现采用混合油和混合绝缘系统的变压器与矿物油变压器具有不同的温升限值[10-11]，为了将混合油变压器的过载能力比矿物油变压器提高50%，本研究对混合绝缘油配电变压器的耐热等级和温升限值进行分析，并与常规矿物油变压器进行对比，提出混合绝缘油配电变压器的温升限值。在此基础上，以油浸式配电变压器正常周期性负载下的允许过载倍数表征其过载能力，并采用电磁计算与试验检测证明不同绝缘油配电变压器的过载能力。最后给出混合绝缘油配电变压器的结构优化建议，并进行成本对比，以验证混合绝缘油的实用性和经济性。
1 混合油变压器与矿物油变压器的温升限值
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根据GB/T 1094.7—2008[11]中提出，变压器的正常过负荷能力以不牺牲变压器的正常寿命为原则，即在整个正常周期性负载（配电变压器允许有最大1.5倍的额定电流负载）的时间间隔内，变压器在最大负荷是1.5倍的额定电流时，其绕组热点温度不得超过120℃，油面温度不得超过105℃。
由于三元混合油属于新型绝缘液体，混合油的闪点高于矿物油[12]，且变压器的绕组及主绝缘材料采用耐热等级为130级（B）的绝缘材料，混合油变压器的绕组热点温度不超过130℃，相比于矿物油变压器的绕组热点温度（120℃）提高了10℃，因此混合油变压器的温升限值较矿物油变压器相比可提高10 K。若混合油变压器满足在最大负荷是1.75倍的额定电流（即1+0.5×（1+50%）=1.75倍）下正常周期性负载，即可实现其过载能力比矿物油变压器提高50%。
根据GB/T 1094.2—2013[13]中对油浸式配电变压器额定温升的要求和GB/T 1094.7—2008对变压器过载能力温升限值的要求，得到混合绝缘油变压器的过载温升限值如表1所示。
2 混合油和矿物油配电变压器结构设计对比分析与过载能力试验对比
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2.1 结构对比分析
试验样机包括2台常规矿物油变压器和2台混合油变压器，2台常规变压器型号分别是105级（A）绝缘系统的S11-M-315/35（A款）和S13-M-400/10（B款）。2台混合油变压器采用混合绝缘材料和混合油构成的混合绝缘系统，型号分别为S(B)11-315/35GZ（C款）和S13-M(B)-400/10GZ（D款）。35 kV和10 kV混合油变压器样机线圈的层绝缘中分别采用的是耐温等级为130级（B）的DPE绝缘纸和Nomex T910绝缘纸，这两种绝缘纸在混合油中都具有浸润速率快、干燥时间短，且耐温等级高、力学性能好等特点。
油浸式配电变压器热点温度是衡量其过载能力的最重要因素，热点温度升高，则过载能力下降。混合油变压器与矿物油变压器的绝缘系统中采用的固体绝缘材料不同，冷却介质绝缘油不同，因此需要对其线圈导线截面积和内部油道数量与布置等结构进行优化设计，从而改变线圈的散热能力。
由于本研究中混合油变压器的过负载能力要比矿物油变压器提高50%，其线圈的内部散热能力也应高于矿物油变压器。因此，将低压线圈内部半油道调整为全油道，高压线圈内部3个半油道调整为2个全油道加1个半油道，使得高低压线圈散热总面积增大超过50%，从而增强线圈散热能力，降低线圈内部热点温度。
2.2 样机温升与过载试验对比
按照线圈相对绝缘油的平均温升计算公式（如式（1）～（2）所示），计算不同变压器高低压绕组线圈对绝缘油的平均温升变化。
q=1.032×Pa/S
TX1=K×qn
式（1）～（2）中：Pa为线圈75℃时的负载损耗（包括涡流及环流损耗），W；S为被计算线圈的有效散热面积，m2；q为线圈表面的单位热负荷，W/m2；1.032为75℃时的损耗折算到85℃时的系数；K为系数，普通层式线圈取值为0.065；n为指数，普通层式线圈取值为0.8；TX1为变压器线圈对绝缘油的平均温升，单位K。
2.2.1 10 kV级容量为400 kVA的配电变压器样机温升计算
S13-M-400/10（B款）常规矿物油变压器：高压线圈负载损耗为2 200 W；低压线圈负载损耗为2 212 W。高压线圈的有效散热面积为1.74 m2；低压线圈的有效散热面积为1.49 m2。
则高压线圈表面单位热负荷为：q=1.032×Pa/S=1.032×2 200/1.74=1 304.8 W/m2；
高压线圈对油平均温升为：TX1=K×qn=0.065×1 304.80.8=20.2 K；
低压线圈表面单位热负荷为：q=1.032×Pa/S=1.032×2 212/1.49=1 534.7 W/m2；
低压线圈对油平均温升为：TX1=K×qn=0.065×1 534.70.8=23 K；
S13-M(B)-400/10GZ（D款）混合油变压器：高压线圈负载损耗为2 360 W；低压线圈负载损耗为1 780 W。高压线圈有效散热面积为3.1 m2；低压线圈有效散热面积为1.76 m2。
则高压线圈表面单位热负荷为：q=1.032×Pa/S=1.032×2 360/3.1=788 W/m2；
高压线圈对油平均温升为：TX1=K×qn=0.065×7380.8=13.5 K；
低压线圈表面单位热负荷为：q=1.032×Pa/S=1.032×1 780/1.76=1 043.7 W/m2；
低压线圈对油平均温升为：TX1=K×qn=0.065×1 043.70.8=16.9 K；
根据以上计算结果可知，混合油变压器高低压线圈对油的平均温升对比常规变压器分别降低6.7 K和6.1 K。
2.2.2 35 kV级容量为315 kVA的配电变压器样机温升计算
结合S11-M-315/35（A款）常规矿物绝缘油变压器与S(B)11-315/35GZ（C款）混合绝缘油变压器的线圈负载损耗和有散热面积，同理可计算得到常规矿物油变压器的高低压线圈对油温升分别为29.3 K和18.5 K，混合油变压器高低压线圈对油温升分别为20.6 K和18.5 K，混合油变压器高低压线圈对油温升比常规变压器分别降低8.7 K和0 K。
另外，在降低绕组温升的同时，也可增大油箱散热表面积，将400 kVA混合油变压器的波纹片波深由原来的240 mm增大到320 mm，315 kVA混合油变压器的波纹片波深由原来的200 mm增大到280 mm，油箱总散热面积增大30%以上。由此计算出高低压绕组温升和油顶层温升均下降10～15 K。对经以上结构优化形成的变压器样机进行温升与过负载试验检测，试验采用短路法，试验数据如表2所示。由表2可知，额定负载下优化后混合油变压器的温升均有所下降，过载能力在下一节进行分析。
2.3 混合油变压器的负载能力
按照以上分析，将混合油变压器的结构进行优化，降低线圈内部热点温度与绕组温升，提高变压器散热能力，以满足正常周期性负载下规定过载倍数的温升限值。通过试验检测与后期的运行，以评估其过载能力。表3为结构优化后混合油变压器的过负载能力试验数据。
由表3可见，通过上述温升和过负载能力计算与结构优化设计，搭配耐高温混合绝缘材料的混合油配电变压器过载能力试验的温升结果均在温升限值以内，即正常周期性负载的过载倍数实现了由1.5倍提升至1.75倍。
值得注意的是，以上分析所取环境温度20℃为全年平均温度，而相同过载倍数下，环境温度越高，配电变压器的热点温度就越高，过载能力相应降低。配网过载集中发生在春运和农忙期间，春运期间环境温度较20℃低，故过载能力较20℃时有所提升，更有利于满足配网过载需求；而农忙时期环境温度平均可达35℃，虽较20℃条件下过载能力有所下降，但仍可以满足过载需求。因此，在环境平均温度为35℃时，混合油配电变压器仍可满足不高于1.75倍的配网对高过载能力的需求。综上所述，混合油配电变压器具有实际应用价值，尤其适用于全年平均温度较低的地区。
3 混合绝缘系统油浸式配电变压器结构优化与成本对比
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3.1 结构优化
（1）调整绕组线径。由正常周期性负载的允许过载倍数可知，混合油配电变压器过载能力相比常规矿物油配电变压器提高50%，过载能力的提升本应增大导线截面来承载更大的电流，且在负载相同时，油浸式配电变压器的负载损耗中绕组电阻损耗与绕组电阻值成正比，与绕组导线半径的平方成反比[14]，然而由于混合油的耐热温度相比矿物油提高了10 K，因此采用DPE绝缘纸或Nomex T910绝缘纸和三元混合绝缘油的油浸式配电变压器绕组导线截面与常规油浸式变压器相比，可一定程度的减小。
矿物油变压器与混合油变压器的线圈材料对比如表4所示。由表4可知，优化后的S(B)11-315/35GZ（C款）混合油变压器相比同容量矿物油变压器，高压线圈质量减少33.6 kg，降低21.8%；低压线圈质量减少2.4 kg，降低3.2%；变压器总铜质量减少36 kg，降低15.7%。优化后的S13-M(B)-400/10GZ（D款）混合油变压器相比矿物油变压器，高压线圈质量减少7.5 kg，降低5.1%；低压线圈质量减少11.4 kg，降低9.5%；变压器总铜质量减少18.9 kg，降低7.1%。这主要是因为采用130级（B）混合绝缘系统的S(B)11-315/35GZ和S13-M(B)-400/10GZ混合油变压器的温升限值比采用105级（A）绝缘系统的S11-M-315/35和S13-M-400/10常规矿物油变压器高，单位质量的铜可以容纳更多的热容量，因此可适度提高混合油变压器线圈导线的电流密度，即可减小导线规格尺寸，一定程度上减少线圈用量。
（2）散热半油道改为全油道。采用DPE绝缘纸或Nomex T910绝缘纸和混合油绝缘系统的配电变压器耐热能力较采用普通纤维素纸和矿物绝缘油的常规绝缘系统配电变压器提高约8.3%，过载能力水平也提高50%，则相较常规矿物油配电变压器，混合油配电变压器绕组间的散热油道、进出口油所经过的线圈散热面积需增大25%，因此将原本为了节省材料采用的半油道调整为全油道，但是对变压器整体成本的影响不大。该结构优化方案可在对混合油变压器材料成本增加不大的同时，大幅提升变压器的过载能力，具有较高的实用性。油道优化如图1所示。
（3）增大波纹片波深。同样由于混合油变压器的过负载能力提高了50%，变压器整体的散热能力也需要提高，因此将两台混合油样机的波纹片波深均增大80 mm，使油箱总散热面积增大30%以上。当然，波深的增大，使得变压器油箱体积与绝缘油用量都有所增加，增加的成本占总成本比例不到10%[15]，再结合铜材略有减少，混合油变压器总成本相比同容量规格的矿物油变压器提高大约8%，其增幅远低于过负载能力提升的幅度，使混合油变压器具有较高的经济实用价值。
因此，虽然为了提高过负载能力，线圈内部半油道改为了全油道，但由于混合油变压器绕组导线线径略微减小，绕组铜材用量减少，铁心体积与质量反而变化不大。不过为了提高混合油变压器的整体散热能力，适当增大了变压器箱体波纹片的波深，使得油箱体积、绝缘油用量均在一定程度上有所增大。经以上优化后的混合油配电变压器过载能力比常规矿物油配电变压器提高了50%，该结构优化方案更适用于过载较重的地区，可降低混合油高过载配电变压器的材料成本。
3.2 成本对比
以35 kV/315 kVA油浸式配电变压器为例，分析绝缘油变压器的成本构成情况[15]。表5为线圈的参数对比，表6为变压器中的主绝缘材料及其用量。
从表5～6可知，线圈尺寸略微缩小了4.4%，整个器身的尺寸也缩小约1.8%，铜材消耗减小；优化后采用混合绝缘系统的变压器绝缘材料成本增加480元/台。相对于整个变压器成本，该费用仅占约1.15%。
图2为两种绝缘油变压器的成本构成情况。由图2可知，矿物油成本在矿物油配电变压器总成本中仅占12%，混合油比例略高，综合以上数据得出结论，混合油变压器在总成本增加不到8%的情况下，绝缘系统的耐热等级由矿物油的105级（B）提高至130级（B），过载能力由1.5倍提升至1.75倍，足以满足配网对高过载变压器的要求。
4 结论
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（1）采用混合油和DPE绝缘纸或Nomex T910绝缘纸混合绝缘系统的变压器，具有相比于常规矿物油变压器更高的绝缘和耐热老化性能。
（2）常规矿物油变压器在正常周期性负载下的允许过载倍数为1.5倍；将普通纤维素纸更换为DPE绝缘纸或Nomex T910绝缘纸，矿物油更换为混合油，再优化线圈结构与油箱散热面积，可在总成本提高不到8%的同时将过载能力由1.5倍提升至1.75倍，能够满足配网对高过载变压器的要求，具有很强的经济性和实用性。
基金
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  • 国家电网公司科技项目(524625170032)
文献
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2023年第56卷第1期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2023.01.012
  • 接收时间：2021-12-27
  • 首发时间：2025-11-21
  • 出版时间：2023-01-20
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  • 收稿日期：2021-12-27
  • 修回日期：2022-04-07
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国家电网公司科技项目(524625170032)
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    1国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司,湖北 武汉 430074
    2南瑞集团(国网电力科学研究院)有限公司,江苏 南京 211000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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