Article(id=1210201127186985779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210201122451624379, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.06.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1631030400000, receivedDateStr=2021-09-08, revisedDate=1639756800000, revisedDateStr=2021-12-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766464033171, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1655654400000, pubDateStr=2022-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766464033171, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766464033171, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766464033171, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210201122451624379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2022', volume='55', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766464032042, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563098203, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210616636105683369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210201122451624379, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210616636105683370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1210201122451624379, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=60, endPage=63, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210201127493169979, articleId=1210201127186985779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Study on Surface Flashover Characteristics of Nano SiO2/Polyamide Mesh Superhydrophobic Composite, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The surface flashover of insulating material is affected by many factors, such as surface roughness, nano fillers, and chemical functional groups. In this study, polyamide mesh was used as support and hydrophobic nano silica particles were used as modified materials. Nano fillers were embedded into polyamide mesh by the treatment method of dissolution and resolidification. The microstructure was determined by changing the mesh size, and the chemical groups on the composite surface were changed by fluorinated nanoparticles. The coupling effect of microstructure/nano filler on surface flashover was studied, and the material was endowed with superhydrophobic properties. The results show that with the polyamide mesh of 300 mesh, the composite has the best anti flashover performance, and the flashover voltage was increased by 20%.

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绝缘材料的沿面闪络特性受许多因素的影响,如表面粗糙度、纳米填料和化学官能团。本研究以聚酰胺网为支架,以疏水纳米二氧化硅颗粒为改性材料,基于溶解和再凝固的处理方法,将纳米填料嵌入聚酰胺网中。通过改变网孔尺寸确定微观结构,利用氟化纳米颗粒改变复合表面化学基团。研究了微结构/纳米填料对沿面闪络的耦合效应,同时赋予了材料超疏水性能。结果表明:当聚酰胺网目数为300目时,SiO2/聚酰胺网超疏水复合材料具有最佳的抗闪络性能,闪络电压提高20%。

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马国爽(1998-),男(汉族),河南新乡人,硕士生,主要从事高电压与绝缘材料的研究;

王鹏(1986-),男(汉族),河北定州人,副教授,主要从事电力系统外绝缘防护材料的研究。

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马国爽(1998-),男(汉族),河南新乡人,硕士生,主要从事高电压与绝缘材料的研究;

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马国爽(1998-),男(汉族),河南新乡人,硕士生,主要从事高电压与绝缘材料的研究;

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王鹏(1986-),男(汉族),河北定州人,副教授,主要从事电力系统外绝缘防护材料的研究。

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王鹏(1986-),男(汉族),河北定州人,副教授,主要从事电力系统外绝缘防护材料的研究。

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纳米SiO2/聚酰胺网超疏水复合材料沿面闪络特性研究
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马国爽 1 , 刘兆宸 1 , 闫纪源 1 , 谢庆 1 , 王鹏 2
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2022,55(6): 60-63
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2022, 55(6): 60-63
纳米SiO2/聚酰胺网超疏水复合材料沿面闪络特性研究
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马国爽1, 刘兆宸1, 闫纪源1, 谢庆1, 王鹏2
作者信息
  • 1华北电力大学,电气与电子工程系,河北 保定 071000
  • 2华北电力大学,机械工程系,河北 保定 071000
  • 马国爽(1998-),男(汉族),河南新乡人,硕士生,主要从事高电压与绝缘材料的研究;

    王鹏(1986-),男(汉族),河北定州人,副教授,主要从事电力系统外绝缘防护材料的研究。

Study on Surface Flashover Characteristics of Nano SiO2/Polyamide Mesh Superhydrophobic Composite
Guoshuang MA1, Zhaochen LIU1, Jiyuan YAN1, Qing XIE1, Peng WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
  • 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
出版时间: 2022-06-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.06.011
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绝缘材料的沿面闪络特性受许多因素的影响,如表面粗糙度、纳米填料和化学官能团。本研究以聚酰胺网为支架,以疏水纳米二氧化硅颗粒为改性材料,基于溶解和再凝固的处理方法,将纳米填料嵌入聚酰胺网中。通过改变网孔尺寸确定微观结构,利用氟化纳米颗粒改变复合表面化学基团。研究了微结构/纳米填料对沿面闪络的耦合效应,同时赋予了材料超疏水性能。结果表明:当聚酰胺网目数为300目时,SiO2/聚酰胺网超疏水复合材料具有最佳的抗闪络性能,闪络电压提高20%。

聚酰胺网  /  硅橡胶  /  纳米改性  /  沿面闪络  /  超疏水

The surface flashover of insulating material is affected by many factors, such as surface roughness, nano fillers, and chemical functional groups. In this study, polyamide mesh was used as support and hydrophobic nano silica particles were used as modified materials. Nano fillers were embedded into polyamide mesh by the treatment method of dissolution and resolidification. The microstructure was determined by changing the mesh size, and the chemical groups on the composite surface were changed by fluorinated nanoparticles. The coupling effect of microstructure/nano filler on surface flashover was studied, and the material was endowed with superhydrophobic properties. The results show that with the polyamide mesh of 300 mesh, the composite has the best anti flashover performance, and the flashover voltage was increased by 20%.

polyamide mesh  /  silicone rubber  /  nano modification  /  surface flashover  /  superhydrophobic
马国爽, 刘兆宸, 闫纪源, 谢庆, 王鹏. 纳米SiO2/聚酰胺网超疏水复合材料沿面闪络特性研究. 绝缘材料, 2022 , 55 (6) : 60 -63 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.06.011
Guoshuang MA, Zhaochen LIU, Jiyuan YAN, Qing XIE, Peng WANG. Study on Surface Flashover Characteristics of Nano SiO2/Polyamide Mesh Superhydrophobic Composite[J]. Insulating Materials, 2022 , 55 (6) : 60 -63 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.06.011
高压电力设备,特别是以绝缘子为代表的室外绝缘设备,对材料表面的沿面闪络性能提出越来越高的要求[1]。在雾、露、小雨等湿润条件下,绝缘子表面更易形成导电通路,进而导致闪络事故的发生,有研究表明超疏水表面利于抑制这一现象的发生[2]。研究具有较高闪络性能的超疏水复合绝缘材料能够有效减少沿面闪络导致的电力系统故障[3]
研究表明,通过修饰绝缘体表面来抑制表面电荷积累、平均电场分布防止电场畸变可以有效提升材料表面的绝缘性能,通常采用微纳米填料[4]、表面涂层、氟化或磁化等改性处理和梯度处理[5]等手段。表面改性改变了绝缘体表面化学成分及表面形貌[6],影响了电导率和表面电荷消散速率,通过对材料表面深浅陷阱能级的改变提升了闪络性能[7]。近年来,超疏水表面制备及表面特性的相关研究也正逐渐深入。制备超疏水表面通常采用形成表面微纳米结构、降低表面自由能两种思路制备,具体有模板、刻蚀、涂覆、沉积、溶解再凝固等方法[8-9]
在现有研究的启发下,本研究提出“绝缘基底+聚酰胺网状微观结构+疏水纳米颗粒改性”的制备策略,制备具有较高闪络性能和超疏水性能的复合材料。以户外绝缘子常用的硅橡胶材料为基底,以不同目数的商业聚酰胺网为骨架,通过溶解再凝固沉积纳米SiO2材料进行改性,同时,纳米SiO2颗粒作为提升闪络性能的常用材料已通过预先接枝含氟基团做疏水处理,降低材料表面自由能,以实现复合材料疏水性能和闪络性能的同时提升。本研究通过聚酰胺网和纳米颗粒从微米、纳米两种尺度改变材料表面的粗糙结构,从表面结构和降低表面自由能两种角度实现材料表面的超疏水性能;通过聚酰胺网状结构改变爬电距离和纳米SiO2颗粒对闪络性能进行提升,并探究对于材料闪络性能提升效果最优的聚酰胺网目数。
带背胶的硅橡胶,厚度为1 mm,上海韬哲橡胶制品有限公司;聚酰胺网,40、120、200、300、400、500目,江苏宏浩丝网有限公司;疏水SiO2纳米颗粒,型号为R812,粒径为7~40 nm,De-gussa公司;甲酸、乙醇,分析纯,天津科茂化学试剂有限公司。
制备时,配制20 g甲酸、乙醇混合溶液,两者质量比为3.5∶6.5。搅拌10 min至均匀后,向混合溶液中加入质量分数为5%的改性纳米SiO2粉末形成悬浊液。
使用前进一步搅拌悬浊液60 min至均匀。将悬浊液和聚酰胺网置于密封容器,确保悬浊液浸没聚酰胺网。密封容器后,将容器置于60℃干燥箱中处理1 h。最后,将聚酰胺网取出并风干。风干后的聚酰胺网直接经由硅橡胶产品本身背胶固定在表面。图1为样品制备流程及40目聚酰胺网复合表面实物图。
使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试聚酰胺网的表面显微结构;使用能谱仪(EDS)测定样品的化学成分;通过自制的接触角测量平台来测量接触角,接触角试验中使用的是5 μL的水滴;通过搭建的闪络测试平台对样品的沿面闪络电压进行测试。
沿面闪络特性测试平台如图2所示。主要部件有直流电源、高压测量探头(Tektronix公司P6015A型)和示波器(Tektronix公司 DPO 2002B型)。将样品放置在一个圆柱形不锈钢封闭试验室中,其外径为300 mm,高度为350 mm,腔厚为8 mm。舱室的气体环境为空气,试验压力为101.3 kPa。试验温度为室温,相对湿度约为40%。测试电极为针-针电极,与样品的间距为7 mm。测试时将针-针电极调整到样品的中心,然后打开直流电源。测试电压以0.5 kV/s的速度线性上升,直到闪络发生,电压立即降至0 kV/s。每个样本测试10次,间隔为1 min。
以300目聚酰胺网为例,经溶解再凝固处理后,其SEM图像如图3(a)所示。在图3(a)的低倍图像中聚酰胺网网丝已经明显呈现出被甲酸溶解后的伤痕,从网丝表面可以发现许多尺寸从几微米到几十微米的微尺度凸起。从高倍SEM图像可以观测到聚酰胺网丝上更细密的伤痕,微尺度凸起则是纳米SiO2颗粒聚集的结果。
采用能谱仪(EDS)测试溶解再凝固复合材料样品的硅元素分布如图3(b)所示,图中的斑点即为硅元素。从图3(b)可以看出,硅元素经溶解再凝固方法处理后已经成功沉积在聚酰胺网表面。
图4为40目聚酰胺网试验组的疏水性能与闪络性能测试结果。目前,业界认为接触角达到150°即为超疏水材料。从图4(a)可以看出,40目聚酰胺网复合材料的接触角达到152°,实现了超疏水功能化改性。图4(b)是不同目数聚酰胺网的复合材料的疏水性能及闪络性能测试结果,从图4(b)可以看出,在聚酰胺网状结构和疏水纳米颗粒两种尺度上的微观结构作用下,在表面形貌和含氟基团的低表面能双重因素的作用下,试验样品表面实现了超疏水功能。并且伴随着聚酰胺网目数的增加,更细密聚酰胺网丝提供的骨架给疏水纳米颗粒的附着提供了更多的可能,空间尺度上密集的疏水颗粒使得试样表面的接触角进一步上升,表现出了更优异的疏水性能。
复合材料在10次闪络放电后的平均电压显示在图4(b)中。空白硅橡胶对照组的闪络电压在图中以虚线表示,闪络电压为9.4 kV,闪络电压伴随聚酰胺网目数的增加呈现为先上升后下降趋势,当聚酰胺网目数为300时,闪络性能最优,闪络电压达到11.8 kV,较空白硅橡胶对照值提升约20%。本文采用双参数威布尔分布的累积概率函数对试验组的闪络电压进行处理,如式(1)所示。
F(y)=1-exp[-(yα)β]
式(1)中:y是变量,表示样品闪络电压的绝对值: F(y)是y的故障概率,表示样品在施加电压y时的闪络概率;α是比例参数,表示在闪络测试中闪络概率为63.2%时的闪络电压;β是形状参数,表征样品发生闪络的稳定性,闪络电压的波动范围与β值成反比。
图5可以看出,当闪络发生概率为63.2%时,聚酰胺网目数为300目的复合材料闪络电压最高。随着聚酰胺网的目数从40目增大至600目,复合材料的闪络电压呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势。
分析认为,当聚酰胺网目数从高到低变化时,伴随聚酰胺网网丝间距的增大、网丝的变粗,增大了电极间的爬电距离,爬电距离的增大反映为试验中复合材料的闪络电压提升,在聚酰胺网数目为300目时复合材料取得了最高的闪络电压;但是,随着聚酰胺网目数的进一步下降,聚酰胺网丝间距离的进一步增大,网丝的进一步变粗,网丝间的电荷积聚现象变得明显,反映在试验中,即当聚酰胺网目数从300目进一步下降到40目的过程中,试验组的闪络性能持续下降。
(1)以聚酰胺网为骨架,填充疏水纳米颗粒,从微纳米结构尺度进行材料表面改性,辅以纳米颗粒疏水基团可以有效实现材料表面的超疏水性能。
(2)合适目数的聚酰胺网复合表面可以有效地提高复合材料的沿面闪络电压。在以硅橡胶为基底,以疏水纳米SiO2为改性材料时,300目的聚酰胺网充当骨架可以给其表面带来最大限度的闪络性能提升,约提升20%。
(3)“绝缘基底+聚酰胺网+疏水纳米颗粒”的试验设计思路在一定程度上可以有效地制备具备超疏水性能和较高闪络性能的复合材料。
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2019MS083)
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.06.011
  • 接收时间:2021-09-08
  • 首发时间:2025-12-23
  • 出版时间:2022-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2021-09-08
  • 修回日期:2021-12-18
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中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2019MS083)
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    1华北电力大学,电气与电子工程系,河北 保定 071000
    2华北电力大学,机械工程系,河北 保定 071000
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.06.011
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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