Article(id=1209927484469022857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1209927476046860302, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.05.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1621094400000, receivedDateStr=2021-05-16, revisedDate=1624377600000, revisedDateStr=2021-06-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766398791663, onlineDateStr=2025-12-22, pubDate=1652976000000, pubDateStr=2022-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766398791663, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766398791663, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766398791663, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209927476046860302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2022', volume='55', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='122', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766398789655, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563075277, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210616539955466501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1209927476046860302, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210616539959660806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1209927476046860302, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=108, endPage=114, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209927484791984274, articleId=1209927484469022857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Research on Judgment Method of Insulation Vulnerable Spot for Low-voltage Random-wound Inverter-fed Motor Based on Three-curve Method, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) of the turn-to-turn insulation for low-voltage random-wound inverter-fed motor changes with the rise time of pulse voltage, resulting in that it is difficult to find the vulnerable spot of the insulation system when the rise time changes. Therefore, considering the rise time of pulse width modulation, we proposed a three-curve method to determine the insulation vulnerable spot of inverter-fed motors by combining the PDIV test technology under repetitive pulse and sinusoidal voltages. At first, the minimum PDIV distributions of main insulation and phase-to-phase insulation were obtained by testing their PDIV under the sinusoidal voltage. Then, the turn-to-turn insulation of inverter-fed motor was conducted PDIV tests using the repetitive pulse voltage with 50-200 ns of rising time, and the fitting curves of PDIV with rising time were obtained. At last, according to the three-curve diagrams, considering the rise time of motor, the vulnerable spot of insulation system was determined, and the feasibility of three-curve method was verified by breakdown experiment. The results show that the insulation vulnerable spot of low-voltage random-wound inverter-fed motor can be judged by the three-curve method, and the feasibility of the three-curve method is verified by breakdown test.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chizhou CHENG, Peng WANG, Xinting LIU, Yang SHI, Houlin GUO, Shakeel AKRAM), CN=ArticleExt(id=1209927492916351496, articleId=1209927484469022857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=CN, title=基于三线法的低压散绕变频电机绝缘短板判定方法研究, columnId=1192878364483531003, journalTitle=绝缘材料, columnName=测试与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

低压散绕变频电机匝间绝缘的局部放电起始电压(PDIV)随脉冲电压上升时间变化而变化,导致现行标准难以发现上升时间变化时的绝缘系统短板。对此,考虑脉宽调制上升时间,联合重复脉冲和正弦电压下的PDIV测试技术,提出了确定低压散绕变频电机绝缘短板的三线法。首先,在正弦电压下测定主绝缘和相间绝缘PDIV,得到主绝缘和相间绝缘的PDIV最小值分布;然后,使用上升时间为50~200 ns的重复脉冲对低压散绕变频电机匝间绝缘进行PDIV测试,得到PDIV随上升时间变化的拟合曲线;最后,根据确定的三线图,考虑电机运行时上升时间,确定绝缘系统短板,并通过击穿实验验证三线法的可行性。结果表明:采用此方法可以对低压散绕变频电机绝缘短板进行判定,通过击穿实验验证了三线法的可行性。

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王鹏(1982-),男(汉族),山东菏泽人,副教授,主要从事新能源及电力电子系统中电气绝缘可靠性评估及测试技术的研究。
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程驰宙(2000-),男(汉族),陕西西安人,本科生,研究方向为变频电机的故障诊断与状态评估。

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程驰宙(2000-),男(汉族),陕西西安人,本科生,研究方向为变频电机的故障诊断与状态评估。

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程驰宙(2000-),男(汉族),陕西西安人,本科生,研究方向为变频电机的故障诊断与状态评估。

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figureFileBig=9TG9XEhZ7lUY+20uxJrePw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210884601455702924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927484469022857, language=CN, label=图12, caption=3台电机绝缘测试“三线图”, figureFileSmall=LEoXTDREWcTqU4r0iQ5/8w==, figureFileBig=9TG9XEhZ7lUY+20uxJrePw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210884601527006095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927484469022857, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Parameters of three low-voltage random-wound inverter-fed motors, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号型号相数额定功率/W额定电压/V绝缘耐温等级
AY80143550380130级(B)
BYS71123370380120级(E)
CSP175B39 200380155级(F)
), ArticleFig(id=1210884601640252306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927484469022857, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

3台低压散绕变频电机参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号型号相数额定功率/W额定电压/V绝缘耐温等级
AY80143550380130级(B)
BYS71123370380120级(E)
CSP175B39 200380155级(F)
), ArticleFig(id=1210884601711555478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927484469022857, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=The current of three-phase under different frequency, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
频率IU/mAIV/mAIW/mA
50 Hz139.30138.90139.00
1 kHz29.2529.2329.15
), ArticleFig(id=1210884601791247257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927484469022857, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

倍频下三相电流值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
频率IU/mAIV/mAIW/mA
50 Hz139.30138.90139.00
1 kHz29.2529.2329.15
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基于三线法的低压散绕变频电机绝缘短板判定方法研究
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程驰宙 , 王鹏 , 刘新霆 , 师洋 , 郭厚霖 , Shakeel AKRAM
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2022,55(5): 108-114
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绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2022, 55(5): 108-114
基于三线法的低压散绕变频电机绝缘短板判定方法研究
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程驰宙, 王鹏, 刘新霆, 师洋, 郭厚霖, Shakeel AKRAM
作者信息
  • 四川大学 电气工程学院,四川 成都 610065
  • 程驰宙(2000-),男(汉族),陕西西安人,本科生,研究方向为变频电机的故障诊断与状态评估。

通讯作者:

王鹏(1982-),男(汉族),山东菏泽人,副教授,主要从事新能源及电力电子系统中电气绝缘可靠性评估及测试技术的研究。
Research on Judgment Method of Insulation Vulnerable Spot for Low-voltage Random-wound Inverter-fed Motor Based on Three-curve Method
Chizhou CHENG, Peng WANG, Xinting LIU, Yang SHI, Houlin GUO, Shakeel AKRAM
Affiliations
  • College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
出版时间: 2022-05-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.05.016
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低压散绕变频电机匝间绝缘的局部放电起始电压(PDIV)随脉冲电压上升时间变化而变化,导致现行标准难以发现上升时间变化时的绝缘系统短板。对此,考虑脉宽调制上升时间,联合重复脉冲和正弦电压下的PDIV测试技术,提出了确定低压散绕变频电机绝缘短板的三线法。首先,在正弦电压下测定主绝缘和相间绝缘PDIV,得到主绝缘和相间绝缘的PDIV最小值分布;然后,使用上升时间为50~200 ns的重复脉冲对低压散绕变频电机匝间绝缘进行PDIV测试,得到PDIV随上升时间变化的拟合曲线;最后,根据确定的三线图,考虑电机运行时上升时间,确定绝缘系统短板,并通过击穿实验验证三线法的可行性。结果表明:采用此方法可以对低压散绕变频电机绝缘短板进行判定,通过击穿实验验证了三线法的可行性。

变频电机  /  绝缘系统  /  局部放电  /  PDIV

The partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) of the turn-to-turn insulation for low-voltage random-wound inverter-fed motor changes with the rise time of pulse voltage, resulting in that it is difficult to find the vulnerable spot of the insulation system when the rise time changes. Therefore, considering the rise time of pulse width modulation, we proposed a three-curve method to determine the insulation vulnerable spot of inverter-fed motors by combining the PDIV test technology under repetitive pulse and sinusoidal voltages. At first, the minimum PDIV distributions of main insulation and phase-to-phase insulation were obtained by testing their PDIV under the sinusoidal voltage. Then, the turn-to-turn insulation of inverter-fed motor was conducted PDIV tests using the repetitive pulse voltage with 50-200 ns of rising time, and the fitting curves of PDIV with rising time were obtained. At last, according to the three-curve diagrams, considering the rise time of motor, the vulnerable spot of insulation system was determined, and the feasibility of three-curve method was verified by breakdown experiment. The results show that the insulation vulnerable spot of low-voltage random-wound inverter-fed motor can be judged by the three-curve method, and the feasibility of the three-curve method is verified by breakdown test.

inverter-fed motors  /  insulation system  /  partial discharge  /  PDIV
程驰宙, 王鹏, 刘新霆, 师洋, 郭厚霖, Shakeel AKRAM. 基于三线法的低压散绕变频电机绝缘短板判定方法研究. 绝缘材料, 2022 , 55 (5) : 108 -114 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.05.016
Chizhou CHENG, Peng WANG, Xinting LIU, Yang SHI, Houlin GUO, Shakeel AKRAM. Research on Judgment Method of Insulation Vulnerable Spot for Low-voltage Random-wound Inverter-fed Motor Based on Three-curve Method[J]. Insulating Materials, 2022 , 55 (5) : 108 -114 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.05.016
变频电机是新能源汽车、高速铁路和舰船潜艇的心脏,其运行可靠性至关重要[1-2]。相较于传统电机,低压散绕变频电机工作在脉宽调制(pulse-width modulation,PWM)电压下,其绝缘系统需承受高频、快速变化的重复脉冲电应力[1,3-4]。电机端部阻抗不匹配和绕组内部电压分布不均等问题易造成绕组内部电场强度集中,使绝缘出现局部放电,加之电机运行的高温环境,在电热联合作用下,绝缘早期失效现象时有发生[3,5-6]
局部放电会破坏低压散绕变频电机内部有机物的分子链,从而加速绝缘老化。因此,根据国际电工技术委员会标准:IEC 60034-18-41:2014、IEC 60034-18-42:2017[7-8],绝缘系统的局部放电起始电压(partial discharge inception voltage,PDIV)应以一定裕度大于电机运行电压,以保证电机绝缘在生命周期内不出现放电[6]
电机绝缘主要体现在主绝缘、相间绝缘和匝间绝缘3个部分。主绝缘(对地绝缘)和相间绝缘分别承受逆变器PWM电压的相电压和线电压,不存在电压分布不均问题,其绝缘系统可采用正弦电压下的PDIV峰峰值来评估[9-10]。然而,对于匝间绝缘,应采用与逆变器输出的PWM电压具有相似上升时间的重复脉冲电压进行测定,以模拟PWM电压在绕组中产生的电压分布不均现象[11]
由于电机制造过程的瑕疵或运行中的绝缘老化,电机的绝缘短板位置可能与设计预期有所不同[4]。例如,设计时将主绝缘作为绝缘短板,其所能承受的电压最小,但由于实际运行中的绝缘老化问题,电机的绝缘短板位置可能会逐渐向匝间绝缘或其他部位转移,不再满足绝缘要求,此时电机则需要维护或更换。因此,从安全运行角度出发,如何判定绝缘短板的部位是提升低压散绕变频电机绝缘可靠性的关键。
IEC相关标准仅规定了主绝缘、相间绝缘和匝间绝缘的测试方法,但未解决以下两个问题:①“木桶效应”的短板判定问题,即电机运行中的绝缘水平取决于以上3个部位绝缘中最薄弱的部位,而IEC对如何寻找定位该薄弱部位没有相关阐述;②PDIV随逆变器电压上升时间变化的问题,即匝间绝缘PDIV特性改变后,低压散绕变频电机绝缘系统短板位置可能会发生改变[12]
已有研究中,大部分采用理想的双绞线和交叉漆包线等简单模型,这种模型呈容性特征,与实际电机的定子绕组具有较大区别[13-15],不能完全模拟电机实际工作条件下的电应力。此外,在低压散绕变频电机绝缘短板判定过程中,上升时间作为电机端部过电压的重要影响因素,对匝间绝缘PDIV的影响必须予以重点考虑[16-17]
针对以上问题,本研究联合重复脉冲和正弦电压下的PDIV测试技术,提出了判定低压散绕变频电机绝缘短板的三线法。在重复脉冲电压下测定不同上升时间匝间绝缘的PDIV,拟合形成VTT(turn-to-turn,匝间)曲线;在正弦电压下测定绕组相间绝缘与主绝缘的PDIV,以最小值形成VPP(phase-to-phase,相间)曲线和VPG(phase-to-ground,相地)曲线;将上述3种PDIV曲线组合形成“三线图”并分区,以此判断不同上升时间下的绝缘短板。为进一步验证上述方法的有效性,在仿真分析匝间绝缘PDIV随上升时间变化的基础上,采用三台不同型号的低压散绕变频电机进行PDIV测试,绘制“三线图”判定绝缘短板位置,并对电机进行加压击穿实验验证上述判定方法的准确性。
图1为重复脉冲电压下PDIV测试平台,采用的重复脉冲电压波形如图2所示。重复脉冲发生器由直流电源、高压逆变模块、高压电阻和弱电保护驱动等组成。通过改变高压电路的RC参数可调节输出脉冲的上升时间[17]。研究表明,高频逆变过程中,电力电子开关高速开断会产生严重的高频干扰,给重复脉冲电压下的PDIV测试带来较大困难[18-19]。对此,本研究优化设计特高频阿基米德平面螺旋天线(见图3),通过添加微带巴伦实现阻抗匹配,同时在辐射层上覆盖高介电常数介质,优化0.5~2.0 GHz处传感器性能,以有效抑制上述高频干扰[19],保证重复脉冲电压下PDIV测试的灵敏度。
测试中,控制环境温度为25℃,相对湿度为50%。天线和定子试样距离为10 cm,实现近场检测[19]。重复脉冲发生器输出电压直接连接至低压散绕变频电机绕组,特高频天线输出接至带宽大于2.5 GHz、采样率大于10 GS/s的高速数字示波器,并采用带宽大于50 MHz的高压探头提取高频脉冲信号作为同步信号。为抑制脉冲发生器电力电子开断干扰,采用高通硬件滤波消除0~0.5 GHz的能量[19]
正弦电压下电机绝缘PDIV测试系统由信号发生器、功率放大器、高速数字示波器、局放测试仪、耦合电容及检测阻抗组成,如图4所示。信号发生器输入的正弦信号经过功率放大器放大后输出至待测定子。利用耦合电容与检测阻抗提取放电信号,使用局放测试仪处理放电信号并生成放电相位统计特性,可有效去除测试过程中背景噪声的干扰,提升测试准确度。
相较于正弦电压,脉冲电压具有较短的上升时间,由于受到上升沿处过电压的影响,初始电子有可能在短时间内被激发,在测量过程中所得PDIV值会略微偏高[20]。若使用相同传感器,则测得的PDIV值相差很小。然而,上述两种测试平台使用的是不同的传感器,为保证测试结果准确可信,需要进行灵敏度对比。
制作5个如图5所示的绞线对试样[21]来验证灵敏度。试样一端输入高压,另一端接地,在25℃、125℃两个温度下,施加相同电压参数的正弦与脉冲电压波形,模拟本研究中的测试环境,在正弦和脉冲电压下分别采用耦合电容直测法和特高频法,测试绞线对的PDIV,结果如图6所示。从图6可以看出,相同温度下,同一试样在两种电压波形下的PDIV测试结果相差很小,证明两个测试平台的灵敏度基本相同。因此可以推测,测试方法和灵敏度基本不会影响本研究中联合采用正弦和脉冲电压判断低压散绕电机绝缘PDIV短板的结果。
采用重复脉冲电压对三相匝间绝缘进行PDIV测试时,考虑电机实际运行的电压上升时间,取50、75、100、200 ns 4种上升时间作为测试参数,每次测试均固定上升时间,为防止电压快速升高导致电机绕组提前放电,以15 V/s的速度缓慢升高电压直至出现第一次局部放电,记录此时的电压峰峰值即为该上升时间下的PDIV。
采用正弦电压对三相主绝缘和相间绝缘进行PDIV测试时,以15 V/s的速度缓慢升高电压,当局放检测仪检测到PD放电时,停止升压并记录此时示波器电压峰峰值,即为PDIV。
在重复脉冲电压下进行匝间绝缘PDIV测试。电机定子中性点打开以避免相间绝缘及主绝缘产生放电,电机单相绕组一端接高压输入,另一端接地,机壳及其他相处于悬浮状态,如图7(a)所示。通过在绕组两端施加脉冲电压以模拟电机实际运行中匝间电压分布,激发匝间绝缘产生放电,得到PDIV测试结果。由于低压散绕电机结构的复杂性,实际不关注绕组匝间的场强分布,而只需以通入绕组中的电压峰峰值衡量导致匝间绝缘出现放电的单相电压幅值。在上述4种上升时间下分别测量三相PDIV值并比较,取每个上升时间下的三相PDIV最小值作为该上升时间下的匝间绝缘PDIV。
在正弦电压下进行主绝缘PDIV测试。正弦电压下定子绕组电压分布均匀,匝间不会出现局部放电[3,8]。单相绕组一端接高压输入,另一端和其他相悬空,机壳接地,如图7(b)所示。测量三相绕组PDIV值并比较,取最小值作为主绝缘的PDIV值,记为VPG,得到主绝缘的PDIV曲线为一条直线,如图8(a)所示。
在正弦电压下进行相间绝缘PDIV测试。与主绝缘类似,定子三相绕组两两一组,一相接高压输入,另一相接地,其余相、端口和机壳均悬空,如图7(c)所示。测量3种相间绝缘的PDIV值,取最小值作为相间绝缘PDIV值,记为Vpp,得到相间绝缘的PDIV曲线如图8(b)所示。
每次实验至少进行3组平行实验,局部放电起始电压均取其最小值,以保证实验数据的可靠性和避免随机因素的影响。
由于重复脉冲电压在电机定子端部易产生过电压,导致绕组匝间电压分布不均匀,绕组首匝线圈往往承受最高的局部过电压,使局部过电压大于PDIV从而引发局部放电[12]。上升时间作为过电压产生的重要因素,有必要探究其对匝间绝缘PDIV的影响[17]。使用3台不同规格的低压散绕变频电机按照2.1所述流程进行PDIV测试,3台电机参数如表1所示,测试结果如图9所示。从图9可以看出,随着电压上升时间由50 ns增至200 ns,3种电机的PDIV值均增大,当上升时间增加到100 ns附近后,PDIV的增大速率减缓,说明上升时间达到100 ns后对电机的PDIV值影响逐渐下降。对3台电机的PDIV进行指数拟合,拟合通式如式(1)所示。
y=Aexp x-50B+C
得到3台电机对应的具体表达式如式(2)所示。
A:y=-0.95exp-x-5039.82B:y=-0.65exp-x-5085.50C:y=-1.33exp-x-5067.25+7.19
将上述流程得到的3种曲线(主绝缘PDIV曲线VPG图8(a))、相间绝缘PDIV曲线VPP图8(b))和不同上升时间下匝间绝缘的PDIV曲线VTT图9))组合可得三线图,如图10所示(假设VPG>VPP
图10可以看出,不同上升时间区间内对应不同绝缘部分的最小PDIV。在上升时间①区间内,匝间绝缘的PDIV显著小于相间绝缘和主绝缘的PDIV,即匝间绝缘更容易发生放电,因此当电机运行在此脉宽调制(PWM)电压时,电机绝缘短板位置应重点关注匝间绝缘;当电机运行在上升时间②区间时,相间绝缘的PDIV小于匝间和主绝缘的PDIV,此时的相间绝缘取代匝间绝缘成为绝缘短板,需要优先关注,其次则考虑匝间绝缘,最后为相间绝缘。上升时间③区间同理。
此外,三线图可根据逆变器输出的电压参数,在电机运行前预判其绝缘短板位置。以图10为例,当逆变器上升时间位于②区间时,可以直接判定其相间绝缘强度较弱,不需要重新进行新工况下的PDIV测试判断绝缘短板位置,节约了电机绝缘测试的工作量。图11展示了三线法定位低压散绕变频电机绝缘短板的流程。
利用三线法判定上述3台不同规格低压散绕变频电机的绝缘短板。按照图11所示测试流程,采用50 Hz作为正弦电压参数;以频率50 Hz,占空比0.1%作为脉冲电压参数,在4个上升时间下绘制三台电机的“三线图”,结果如图12所示。其中,匝间绝缘的PDIV曲线VTT采用指数拟合,拟合函数式如式(1)所示。
对电机A经过判定:在图12(a)上升时间①区所示的上升时间区间内,匝间绝缘的PDIV值较小,电机A的绝缘短板定位至匝间绝缘;当上升时间位于②、③区域后,主绝缘的PDIV显著小于其余位置的PDIV,因此电机绝缘短板应定位至主绝缘,需重点关注。电机B、C的短板判定同理。
为验证判定结果的正确性,进行以下破坏性实验:施加具有一定上升时间的重复脉冲电压,直至电机定子击穿,然后判断击穿位置。将电机A采用图7(a)的连接方式,输入频率为50 Hz、占空比为0.1%、上升时间为60 ns的3.8 kV重复脉冲进行加压实验,该电压远高于电机的PDIV以确保电机击穿。由三线法可知,在该上升时间下,主绝缘将是绝缘短板,会率先发生击穿。击穿短路后电压骤降,其余位置将不会再次击穿,通过对比击穿的部位与击穿前三线法定位的绝缘短板部位是否一致,验证三线法的准确性。
电机A击穿后,使用兆欧表测量主绝缘电阻,测量显示U相绝缘电阻显著减小,证明电机A的U相主绝缘已经发生击穿。然而,兆欧表测量方法无法确定匝间绝缘是否被击穿,需要采用倍频交流放大法[22]做进一步检测。某相匝间绝缘发生击穿后,该相绕组会存在少量匝间短路导致电感量小幅减少,但是由于减少量ΔL很小,在工频下很难检测。而采用工频倍数频率的电源测试电感量的减小值(ΔL)可以被放大,相应的该相电流也会显著增大,最终表现为击穿相的电流会显著大于其他正常相。
基于以上原理,选择图4所示正弦电压平台,在50 Hz与1 kHz电源下测试三相绕组内的电流值,表2为两种频率下记录的电流值。从表2可以看出,50 Hz与1 kHz下电机A各相电流值未见明显增大,最大电流差值约3.4%,可认为电流无明显差异,证明绕组内部电感没有明显减小,即绕组匝间绝缘未发生击穿。
综上,击穿实验后,兆欧表法和倍频电流放大法结果共同证明电机A在60 ns的上升时间下只有U相主绝缘发生击穿,其余部位并未发生绝缘击穿,说明U相主绝缘是电机A在60 ns上升时间下的绝缘短板,与三线法判定结果一致,证明三线法对电机绝缘短板位置的判定准确可靠。
(1)正弦电压下三相主绝缘和相间绝缘的PDIV近似呈直线分布,PDIV基本不受上升时间的影响。
(2)对3台电机在不同上升时间下的PDIV测试实验表明,随着上升时间延长,电机匝间绝缘的PDIV逐渐增大;当上升时间增加到100 ns后,上升时间对电机PDIV值的影响逐渐下降。
(3)三线法可准确可靠地判定低压散绕变频电机的绝缘短板,提高绝缘系统绝缘短板的判定效率。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51977134)
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2022年第55卷第5期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.05.016
  • 接收时间:2021-05-16
  • 首发时间:2025-12-22
  • 出版时间:2022-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2021-05-16
  • 修回日期:2021-06-23
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51977134)
作者信息
    四川大学 电气工程学院,四川 成都 610065

通讯作者:

王鹏(1982-),男(汉族),山东菏泽人,副教授,主要从事新能源及电力电子系统中电气绝缘可靠性评估及测试技术的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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