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Article(id=1209927479708480459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1209927476046860302, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.05.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1628438400000, receivedDateStr=2021-08-09, revisedDate=1634054400000, revisedDateStr=2021-10-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766398790527, onlineDateStr=2025-12-22, pubDate=1652976000000, pubDateStr=2022-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766398790527, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766398790527, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766398790527, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209927476046860302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2022', volume='55', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='122', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766398789655, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563075277, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210616539955466501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1209927476046860302, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210616539959660806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1209927476046860302, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=96, endPage=101, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209927479947555792, articleId=1209927479708480459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Research on Testing Conditions of Rasig Method for Dry Unsaturated Polyester Moulding Compound Fluidity, columnId=1192878364340924664, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Test and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The fluidity of granular dry unsaturated polyester molding compound was tested at different pressure and temperature by using capillaries of different specifications, and the fluidity and curing behavior during the molding process of the granular dry unsaturated polyester molding compound were studied. The results show that the best conditions for testing the fluidity of dry unsaturated polyester molding compounds by Rasig method are as follows: the test temperature is 160℃, the load pressure is 50 kg, the capillary template pore size is 1.0 mm, and the remaining ingot height is greater than 1.5 mm.

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通过使用不同规格的毛细管，在不同压力、温度下对粒状干式不饱和聚酯模塑料的流动性进行测试，研究了粒状干式不饱和聚酯模塑料成型时的流动性与固化行为。结果表明：采用拉西格行程位移法测试干式不饱和聚酯模塑料流动性的最佳条件为：测试温度为160℃，负载压力为50 kg，毛细管模板孔径为1.0 mm，剩余料锭高度大于1.5 mm。

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罗凤良（1983-），男（瑶族），广西桂林人，工程师，主要从事热固性模塑料的研究；

刘建文（1976-），男（汉族），山西原平人，高级工程师，主要从事热固性材料的研究。

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罗凤良（1983-），男（瑶族），广西桂林人，工程师，主要从事热固性模塑料的研究；

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罗凤良（1983-），男（瑶族），广西桂林人，工程师，主要从事热固性模塑料的研究；

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刘建文（1976-），男（汉族），山西原平人，高级工程师，主要从事热固性材料的研究。

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刘建文（1976-），男（汉族），山西原平人，高级工程师，主要从事热固性材料的研究。

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unstructuredReference=王明军,刘建文,唐志,等.存储时间对粒状不饱和聚酯模塑料性能的影响[J].绝缘材料,2013,46(6):41-48., articleTitle=存储时间对粒状不饱和聚酯模塑料性能的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210884596300903085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927479708480459, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1990, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=龚浏澄, 秦立洁, 徐定宇, journalName=塑料成型加工实用手册, refType=null, unstructuredReference=龚浏澄,秦立洁,徐定宇,等.塑料成型加工实用手册[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,1990., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210884596372206259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927479708480459, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=39, issue=S2, pageStart=70, pageEnd=73,86, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=郑慧琴, 陈宏愿, journalName=塑料工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑慧琴,陈宏愿.毛细管流变仪测定塑料流动性的国家标准研究[J].塑料工业,2011,39(S2):70-73,86., articleTitle=毛细管流变仪测定塑料流动性的国家标准研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210884596485452471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927479708480459, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://wenku.baidu.com/view/45db2048be1e650e52ea99e4.html, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=佚名, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=佚名.热固性聚合物材料流动性[EB/OL].[2012-11-30], articleTitle=热固性聚合物材料流动性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210884596560949943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927479708480459, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=43, issue=1, pageStart=62, pageEnd=65, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=钟意, 唐志, 杨荣兵, journalName=绝缘材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钟意,唐志,杨荣兵,等.干式不饱和聚酯模塑料中填料水分控制的研究[J].绝缘材料,2010,43(1):62-65., articleTitle=干式不饱和聚酯模塑料中填料水分控制的研究, refAbstract=null), 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articleId=1209927479708480459, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Comparison of fluidity data of molding compounds at different temperatures, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号PT-310MU-100
150℃160℃170℃150160℃170℃
行程位移/mm固化时间/s行程位移/mm固化时间/s行程位移/mm固化时间/s行程位移/mm固化时间/s行程位移/mm固化时间/s行程位移/mm固化时间/s
116.62516.02112.91816.93314.62912.225
216.52516.22313.21817.13514.32812.025
316.02415.82212.61816.83314.72712.225
416.32516.12112.81916.53314.52812.224
516.42415.92212.91916.83514.32812.425
616.22515.92213.11817.03414.62712.523
716.52416.02213.01816.83514.52912.125
816.52516.12112.81816.93414.42812.424
), ArticleFig(id=1210884593679463039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927479708480459, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同温度下模塑料的流动性数据对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号PT-310MU-100
150℃160℃170℃150160℃170℃
行程位移/mm固化时间/s行程位移/mm固化时间/s行程位移/mm固化时间/s行程位移/mm固化时间/s行程位移/mm固化时间/s行程位移/mm固化时间/s
116.62516.02112.91816.93314.62912.225
216.52516.22313.21817.13514.32812.025
316.02415.82212.61816.83314.72712.225
416.32516.12112.81916.53314.52812.224
516.42415.92212.91916.83514.32812.425
616.22515.92213.11817.03414.62712.523
716.52416.02213.01816.83514.52912.125
816.52516.12112.81816.93414.42812.424
), ArticleFig(id=1210884593788514952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927479708480459, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Comparison of fluidity data of molding compounds under different test loads, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号PT-310MU-100
负载30 kg负载40 kg负载50 kg负载60 kg负载30 kg负载40 kg负载50 kg负载60 kg
行程/mm固化时间/s行程/mm固化时间/s行程/mm固化时间/s行程/mm固化时间/s行程/mm固化时间/s行程/mm固化时间/s行程/mm固化时间/s行程/mm固化时间/s
113.52413.72215.42016.71712.23213.63014.52715.824
213.82514.32115.02016.81612.13113.42814.52615.923
313.32614.22414.82016.51812.23214.52914.12616.223
413.22514.62315.32116.91612.23113.22814.32616.424
513.72514.82214.52017.21711.83113.82914.02616.822
613.12514.22514.72116.71812.03014.22714.42616.821
713.92514.32214.62216.81611.03113.43014.12616.924
813.42514.72314.62017.21612.03214.22814.52617.021
), ArticleFig(id=1210884593884983953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927479708480459, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同测试负载下模塑料的流动性数据对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号PT-310MU-100
负载30 kg负载40 kg负载50 kg负载60 kg负载30 kg负载40 kg负载50 kg负载60 kg
行程/mm固化时间/s行程/mm固化时间/s行程/mm固化时间/s行程/mm固化时间/s行程/mm固化时间/s行程/mm固化时间/s行程/mm固化时间/s行程/mm固化时间/s
113.52413.72215.42016.71712.23213.63014.52715.824
213.82514.32115.02016.81612.13113.42814.52615.923
313.32614.22414.82016.51812.23214.52914.12616.223
413.22514.62315.32116.91612.23113.22814.32616.424
513.72514.82214.52017.21711.83113.82914.02616.822
613.12514.22514.72116.71812.03014.22714.42616.821
713.92514.32214.62216.81611.03113.43014.12616.924
813.42514.72314.62017.21612.03214.22814.52617.021
), ArticleFig(id=1210884594019201687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927479708480459, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=The height of the ingot before and after the fluidity test of the molding compound, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号PT-310MU-100
模板孔径为1.0 mm模板孔径为1.5 mm模板孔径为1.0 mm模板孔径为1.5 mm
测试前测试后测试前测试后测试前测试后测试前测试后
119.082.0419.641.0321.873.4020.832.56
220.252.0319.190.9820.883.6820.682.67
319.891.9919.370.8120.883.8520.432.73
420.301.9619.370.8521.313.7220.452.65
519.472.0819.251.0221.383.9121.182.56
619.432.4919.060.7821.913.9821.762.71
719.492.3819.860.8021.133.8619.982.63
819.342.1719.981.0220.714.2420.822.68
), ArticleFig(id=1210884594132447901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209927479708480459, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

模塑料流动性测试前后料锭高度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号PT-310MU-100
模板孔径为1.0 mm模板孔径为1.5 mm模板孔径为1.0 mm模板孔径为1.5 mm
测试前测试后测试前测试后测试前测试后测试前测试后
119.082.0419.641.0321.873.4020.832.56
220.252.0319.190.9820.883.6820.682.67
319.891.9919.370.8120.883.8520.432.73
420.301.9619.370.8521.313.7220.452.65
519.472.0819.251.0221.383.9121.182.56
619.432.4919.060.7821.913.9821.762.71
719.492.3819.860.8021.133.8619.982.63
819.342.1719.981.0220.714.2420.822.68
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干式不饱和聚酯模塑料流动性拉西格法测试条件的研究
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罗凤良 , 周缄 , 刘建文 , 覃家波 , 纪拓 , 沈锡仙 , 周凌汉
绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2022,55(5): 96-101
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绝缘材料 | 测试与分析 2022, 55(5): 96-101
干式不饱和聚酯模塑料流动性拉西格法测试条件的研究
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罗凤良, 周缄, 刘建文, 覃家波, 纪拓, 沈锡仙, 周凌汉
作者信息
  • 桂林金格电工电子材料科技有限公司，广西 桂林 541004

    • 罗凤良（1983-），男（瑶族），广西桂林人，工程师，主要从事热固性模塑料的研究；

    刘建文（1976-），男（汉族），山西原平人，高级工程师，主要从事热固性材料的研究。

Research on Testing Conditions of Rasig Method for Dry Unsaturated Polyester Moulding Compound Fluidity
Fengliang LUO, Jian ZHOU, Jianwen LIU, Jiabo QIN, Tuo JI, Xixian SHEN, Linghan ZHOU
Affiliations
  • Guilin Electrical Equipment Scientific Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guilin 541004, China
出版时间: 2022-05-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.05.014
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摘要
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通过使用不同规格的毛细管，在不同压力、温度下对粒状干式不饱和聚酯模塑料的流动性进行测试，研究了粒状干式不饱和聚酯模塑料成型时的流动性与固化行为。结果表明：采用拉西格行程位移法测试干式不饱和聚酯模塑料流动性的最佳条件为：测试温度为160℃，负载压力为50 kg，毛细管模板孔径为1.0 mm，剩余料锭高度大于1.5 mm。

粒状干式不饱和聚酯模塑料  /  流动性  /  毛细管  /  孔径  /  温度  /  固化速率

The fluidity of granular dry unsaturated polyester molding compound was tested at different pressure and temperature by using capillaries of different specifications, and the fluidity and curing behavior during the molding process of the granular dry unsaturated polyester molding compound were studied. The results show that the best conditions for testing the fluidity of dry unsaturated polyester molding compounds by Rasig method are as follows: the test temperature is 160℃, the load pressure is 50 kg, the capillary template pore size is 1.0 mm, and the remaining ingot height is greater than 1.5 mm.

granular dry unsaturated polyester molding compound  /  fluidity  /  capillary  /  pore size  /  temperature  /  curing rate
罗凤良, 周缄, 刘建文, 覃家波, 纪拓, 沈锡仙, 周凌汉. 干式不饱和聚酯模塑料流动性拉西格法测试条件的研究. 绝缘材料, 2022 , 55 (5) : 96 -101 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.05.014
Fengliang LUO, Jian ZHOU, Jianwen LIU, Jiabo QIN, Tuo JI, Xixian SHEN, Linghan ZHOU. Research on Testing Conditions of Rasig Method for Dry Unsaturated Polyester Moulding Compound Fluidity[J]. Insulating Materials, 2022 , 55 (5) : 96 -101 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.05.014
正文
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0 引言
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粒状干式不饱和聚酯模塑料（简称“模塑料”）是以不饱和聚酯树脂为基体，添加固化剂、无机填料、脱模剂、增强纤维等，通过混合炼塑造粒而成的一种干式粒状模塑料[1]，其具有贮存期长、耐漏电痕化指数高、电气性能优异、制品尺寸稳定性好等特性，广泛应用于空调、冷柜、洗衣机、电梯等电器的温控器、电源开关、电磁线圈骨架、接线端子的绝缘结构部件以及交流接触器的运动部件等。模塑料的加工成型大多是利用塑料在熔融粘流状态下的变形与流动实现的。流动性是表征塑料受热时塑化、流动、固化状况的重要参数，同时也是衡量塑料加工成型难易程度的指标。模塑料的流动性好，塑料熔体容易充模，可加工成型得到大型薄壁和复杂结构的制品；流动性不好，加工成型大型、薄壁和复杂的塑件时会出现填充不满、缺料、堵浇道等缺陷[2]。对于模塑料流动性的测量方面，目前各厂家采用的方法与试验条件不一致，使得测得的结果没有可比性，也没有参考价值，不利于行业间的技术交流。尤其是当新的研发产品推向市场以替代进口原料时，更需要具有可比性的试验数据做技术支持[3]。毛细管流变仪是目前应用最广泛的流变测量仪，可以测定热固性材料的流动性和固化速度，研究熔体的弹性和不稳定性及聚合物的状态变化等。准确测试和量化模塑料的流变及固化行为不仅能为其加工提供工艺条件，同时还能为模具的机械设计提供数据参考。
本研究通过使用不同规格的毛细管，在不同压力、温度下对干式不饱和聚酯模塑料的流动性进行测试，研究粒状干式不饱和聚酯模塑料成型时的流动性与固化行为。
1 试验
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1.1 主要原材料
粒状干式不饱和聚酯模塑料为桂林金格电工电子材料科技有限公司生产的耐热改性不饱和聚酯模塑料（型号为PT-310）、密胺改性聚酯模塑料（型号为MU-100）产品。
1.2 试验仪器
JYT-2型托盘天平，最小刻度为0.2 g，上海光正医疗仪器有限公司；手压机、CFT-500D/100D型毛细管流变仪，岛津企业管理（中国）有限公司。
1.3 试验方法
拉西格行程位移法测试模塑料的流动性，是将一定质量的塑料预压成料锭，放在可加热的标准模腔中，在一定的温度和压力下，模塑料被活塞压柱自模孔中压挤出，测定活塞的行程位移。活塞的行程位移越大，模塑料的流动性越好。
1.4 试验步骤
将毛细管流变仪（简称“流变仪”）的炉温升至指定温度，称取3.0 g物料，通过手压机将物料压制成直径约为12 mm、高度约为20 mm的圆柱形料锭。用镊子从模腔中夹起压柱并迅速将圆柱形待测样放入流变仪模腔内，再放下压柱，提起固定套，伸直加力杆，放下固定套使受力杆垂直向下顶住压柱并迅速逆时针旋转加力杆，用压柱将料锭压实。点击软件开始按钮进行试验，软件自动描绘样品的流变曲线，当软件中描绘的曲线出现水平移动时，则测试结束。测试结束后保存流变原始数据，并进行数据处理。
2 结果与讨论
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模塑料受热后，含有大量双键的可流动的线性不饱和聚酯树脂，在过氧化物作为交联剂条件下发生共价键交联反应，生成性能稳定的交联体型结构，这个过程称为不饱和聚酯的固化[1]。在整个固化过程中，不饱和聚酯树脂受热开始软化，软化后具有粘性、可流动的不饱和聚酯树脂逐步从固态变成粘流态，固态组分逐步变少，粘流态组分逐步增多；当模塑料受热达到过氧化物热分解所需的最低温度时，线型聚酯树脂分子和交联剂分子受热分解的自由基发生共聚合反应，直到到达凝胶点之后，材料逐步失去流动性[4]，交联形成不熔不溶的立体网状结构[5]。
图1为流变仪所测模塑料的标准流动曲线图，该图的纵坐标为流变仪压头往下走的行程位移，横坐标为模塑料形态转化所需的时间。
图1中，从零点开始到切点A的行程为被测试料锭在流变仪压头的压力下快速形成密实状态时，流变仪压头所行走的行程位移；从切点A到切点B的行程位移为模塑料塑化阶段，这个阶段模塑料逐步融化，熔融黏度还比较大，剪切速率较小，熔融的模塑料通过模头的流量相对较小，流变仪的压头下降速度较慢，这个阶段所需的时间相对较长；从切点B到切点C的行程位移是模塑料的塑化阶段，这个阶段模塑料的熔融黏度较小，剪切速率较大，熔融的模塑料通过模头的孔径流量相对较大，流变仪的压头下降速度较快，所需的时间相对较短，这个阶段能真实有效地衡量粘流态模塑料的充模能力。通过流变仪压头的下降位移来衡量模塑料的流动性能，即切点A到切点C的行程位移差。通过模塑料从熔融塑化到凝胶最终到达固化所需要的时间来衡量模塑料的固化速率，即从切点A到切点C的时间差，时间差越短，固化速率越快。
2.1 温度对不饱和聚酯模塑料流动行程的影响
图2、图3分别为PT-310和MU-100产品在不同温度下的流变曲线对比图。
分析图2～3可知，在130℃、140℃下，两种模塑料流变曲线的行程位移较长，固化速率较慢，这是因为温度越低，自由基共聚合反应进行相对较慢，所以低黏度下的停留时间相对较长，在固定负载压力下，模腔内的模塑料还未完全固化就全部从模板孔径流出，得出的数据结果意义不大；而在180℃下，模塑料固化速率非常快，部分物料还未通过模板孔径就已发生交联固化，最终导致树脂黏度过大而停止流动，行程位移最短，不利于读取数据，所需的固化时间也短，导致测试结果参考意义不大。故150、160、170℃为较合适的测试温度。
从MU-100和PT-310产品中各取8个不同批次的模塑料在150、160、170℃的流动性测试数据进行分析，具体如表1所示。从表1可以看出，在温度为150℃时，各批次模塑料的行程位移均相对较长，固化速率慢，所需的固化时间也相对较长；在温度为160℃时，行程位移和固化速率均较好地反映出模塑料在模腔中同时发生塑化和固化的全过程；在温度为170℃时，各批次模塑料的行程位移相对较短，固化速率较快，所需的固化时间相对较短，这是因为模塑料受热时与热塑性塑料一样，存在流动温度区间，流动温度区间即成型温度区间，在该区间内，温度越高，模塑料软化越快，模塑料的熔体黏度越小，在压力的作用下充满模具型腔的充模能力越强[3]，即流动性越好。但在高温下，过氧化物作为引发剂发生自由基共聚合反应进行得很快，因此低黏度下的停留时间缩短，部分物料还未通过模板孔径就已交联固化，最终导致树脂黏度过大而流动停止，流变仪压柱行程位移较短。
在成型零部件时，提高成型温度，加快模塑料的固化速度，在一定程度上能提高生产效率，但是成型温度过高有可能会使模塑料还未充满型腔就已发生交联固化[6]，从而导致制件出现缺料等缺陷；降低成型温度，固化速度变慢，低黏度下的停留时间相对较长，能使模塑料快速地填满型腔，但流速过快可能导致熔融的模塑料在型腔内出现回流，回流的模塑料与刚进入模腔的模塑料可能会将模腔内的空气包裹起来，形成气泡，从而影响零部件的强度和外观尺寸等。综上，选定160℃恒定温度作为流变仪测试流动性的最佳加热温度。
2.2 负载压力对不饱和聚酯模塑料流动行程的影响
在流变仪的托盘上添加不同质量的砝码，砝码产生的压力通过负载杆施加到流变仪柱塞上。料锭通过柱塞上的压力挤压从模板孔中流出，不同质量的砝码对应不同的测试压力，这种测试压力转化为模塑料通过模板的剪切力，负载压力越大，剪切力就越大。模塑料在塑化、固化过程中，树脂主体会发生缩聚反应，各种填料（包括有机填料、无机填料）一部分会与树脂交联参与反应，另一部分则纯属于物理混合，这是一个十分复杂的体系，各种成分会互相影响制约[5]。收集同牌号8个不同批次的模塑料在不同负载压力下的流动性测试数据，具体如表2所示。
从表2可以看出，30 kg负载下，模塑料的行程位移明显比60 kg负载下的行程位移短，这是因为负载较小，熔融后的模塑料通过模孔时所受到的剪切力较小，导致能通过模孔的模塑料总量相对较少，表征流动性的行程位移也较短。30 kg负载下测试得到的固化速率明显比60 kg负载下的固化速率慢，这是因为负载压力减小，熔融后的模塑料通过模孔的总量减少，剩余在模腔内的物料相对较多，温度传导梯度会影响自由基的活性，从而降低了固化速率。60 kg负载下两款模塑料的行程位移较长，测试后所剩余的料锭很少，基本处于流完状态，所得的测试结果数据存在失真的风险，不一定能真实有效地衡量出该模塑料的流动性能。虽然40 kg和载50 kg负载均能客观地反映模塑料的流动性能，但是负载40 kg时数据较分散，离散度大，而负载50 kg所得的数据分布均匀，离散度小，故选择50 kg负载作为测试模塑料流动性的最佳负载压力。
2.3 流变仪模板孔径对不饱和聚酯模塑料流动行程的影响
为了能够更好地模拟模塑料在成型零部件时的流动性能和充模能力，用孔径为1.0 mm、1.5 mm的模板测试两种模塑料的流变曲线，发现两种模塑料流变曲线的走势一致，表明两种孔径的模板均能清楚地表征模塑料在塑化和固化之间的形态转变过程，得到两种模塑料的流动性和固化速率对比图如图4～5所示。从图4～5可以看出，使用孔径为1.5 mm的模板测得PT-310和MU-100的流动行程均比使用模板孔径为1.0 mm的长，固化时间短，固化速率快。但试验过程发现选择孔径为1.5 mm的模板测试PT-310材料时，剩余料锭较薄，有出现流完的风险，如果料锭全部流完，则测得的数据无参考意义。如果为了确保在使用孔径为1.5 mm的模板测试后物料没有流完而增加物料的加料量，会使压制出来的料锭高度比较高，超出流变仪的进料空间，无法放进流变仪的炉腔内，最终导致无法测试。故选择模板孔径为1.0 mm作为测试模塑料流动性的最佳模板孔径。
2.4 使用3.0 g物料压制的料锭高度对模塑料流动行程的影响
收集同牌号8个不同批次物料，使用3.0 g物料，经过手压机压制后的料锭在不同孔径模板下进行测试，测试数据如表3所示。从表3可以看出，PT-310模塑料在孔径为1.5 mm的模板测试后剩余的料锭较短，最大高度为1.03 mm，最低高度为0.78 mm，该样品基本处于流完状态即料锭受压全部从模板上的孔流出，所得的测试数据存在失真的风险，未能真实有效地衡量模塑料的流动性能。为保证测试完后样品没有流完，剩余的料锭高度应至少大于1.5 mm，所得的测试数据方为有效数据。而MU-100模塑料使用两种孔径模板测试完后，剩余的料锭较长，测试数据比较准确。因此使用3.0 g模塑料压制出的料锭只要能放进流变仪的炉腔内，测试前的料锭高度对测试结果无影响，测试后的料锭高度至少大于1.5 mm，试验数据才会真实有效。
3 结论
收起
（1）使用流变仪测试粒状干式不饱和聚酯模塑料的流动性时，选择炉温为160℃，负载压力为50 kg，毛细管模板孔径为1.0 mm为最佳测试条件。
（2）使用流变仪测试粒状干式不饱和聚酯模塑料的流动性时，若选择毛细管模板孔径为1.0 mm，则使用3.0 g物料压制出来的料锭高度对测试结果无影响，同时，试验后的料锭高度至少高于1.5 mm，试验数据才真实有效。
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2022年第55卷第5期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.05.014
  • 接收时间：2021-08-09
  • 首发时间：2025-12-22
  • 出版时间：2022-05-20
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  • 收稿日期：2021-08-09
  • 修回日期：2021-10-13
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    桂林金格电工电子材料科技有限公司，广西 桂林 541004
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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