Article(id=1209926728668017521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1209926723278336734, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.03.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1620662400000, receivedDateStr=2021-05-11, revisedDate=1622736000000, revisedDateStr=2021-06-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766398611466, onlineDateStr=2025-12-22, pubDate=1647705600000, pubDateStr=2022-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766398611466, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766398611466, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766398611466, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1209926723278336734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2022', volume='55', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='118', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766398610181, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766563016675, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210616294165049744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1209926723278336734, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210616294165049745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1209926723278336734, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=51, endPage=58, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1209926728970007432, articleId=1209926728668017521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Simulation on Thermal Conduction and Dielectric Properties of Nanocomposites, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Typical boron nitride (BN)/epoxy resin (EP) nanocomposite and barium titanate (BT)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite were selected as research system, and the influence of nano-particle volume fraction, particle size, and size distribution on the thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of the nanocomposites was studied by finite element method. The equivalent thermal conductivity and dielectric constant of the nanocomposite was calculated by mean field theory. The results show that with the increase of nano-particle volume fraction, the thermal conductivity and dielectric constant of BN/EP and BT/PVDF increase. Under the same volume fraction and size distribution, the thermal conductivity and dielectric constant of BN/EP and BT/PVDF increase with the increase of particle size. Under the same volume fraction and particle size, and the thermal conductivity and dielectric constant of BN/EP and BT/PVDF increase with the increase of particle size standard deviation. Consequently, it is an effective way to improve the properties of material by changing the filler content, particle size, and size standard deviation appropriately according to the specific needs.

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以纳米复合材料作为研究体系,选取典型的氮化硼(BN)/环氧树脂(EP)复合材料与钛酸钡(BT)/聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合材料,通过有限元方法研究了纳米填料的体积分数、粒径大小和尺寸分布对复合材料导热性能和介电性能的影响,采用均匀场理论计算了复合材料的等效热导率和等效介电常数。结果表明:随着填料体积分数的提高,BN/EP和BT/PVDF的热导率和介电常数均提高;在相同体积分数、尺寸均匀分布的情况下,BN/EP和BT/PVDF的热导率和介电常数随着粒径增大而增大;在相同体积分数、同一粒径的情况下,BN/EP和BT/PVDF的热导率和介电常数随着粒径标准差增大而增大。因此,根据具体需求适当改变填料含量、粒径大小、粒径标准差是改善材料性能的有效方法。

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吴隆文(1990-),男(汉族),湖南邵阳人,副研究员,博士,主要从事储能电介质材料及器件、脉冲功率与放电等离子体应用的研究工作。
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王仲(1986-),男(汉族),湖北鄂州人,副研究员,博士,主要从事高压绝缘、电气设备运行状态监测技术、气体放电和等离子体的研究工作。

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王仲(1986-),男(汉族),湖北鄂州人,副研究员,博士,主要从事高压绝缘、电气设备运行状态监测技术、气体放电和等离子体的研究工作。

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王仲(1986-),男(汉族),湖北鄂州人,副研究员,博士,主要从事高压绝缘、电气设备运行状态监测技术、气体放电和等离子体的研究工作。

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材料热导率/(W/(m·K))介电常数(f=1 kHz)
BN404.3
EP0.253
BT6.20800
PVDF0.257.97
), ArticleFig(id=1210892086795178063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1209926728668017521, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

材料参数设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料热导率/(W/(m·K))介电常数(f=1 kHz)
BN404.3
EP0.253
BT6.20800
PVDF0.257.97
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纳米复合材料导热与介电性能仿真
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王仲 , 何皓弘 , 赵莉华 , 任俊文 , 吴隆文
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2022,55(3): 51-58
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2022, 55(3): 51-58
纳米复合材料导热与介电性能仿真
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王仲, 何皓弘, 赵莉华, 任俊文, 吴隆文
作者信息
  • 四川大学 电气工程学院,四川 成都 610065
  • 王仲(1986-),男(汉族),湖北鄂州人,副研究员,博士,主要从事高压绝缘、电气设备运行状态监测技术、气体放电和等离子体的研究工作。

通讯作者:

吴隆文(1990-),男(汉族),湖南邵阳人,副研究员,博士,主要从事储能电介质材料及器件、脉冲功率与放电等离子体应用的研究工作。
Simulation on Thermal Conduction and Dielectric Properties of Nanocomposites
Zhong WANG, Haohong HE, Lihua ZHAO, Junwen REN, Longwen WU
Affiliations
  • College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
出版时间: 2022-03-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.03.007
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以纳米复合材料作为研究体系,选取典型的氮化硼(BN)/环氧树脂(EP)复合材料与钛酸钡(BT)/聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合材料,通过有限元方法研究了纳米填料的体积分数、粒径大小和尺寸分布对复合材料导热性能和介电性能的影响,采用均匀场理论计算了复合材料的等效热导率和等效介电常数。结果表明:随着填料体积分数的提高,BN/EP和BT/PVDF的热导率和介电常数均提高;在相同体积分数、尺寸均匀分布的情况下,BN/EP和BT/PVDF的热导率和介电常数随着粒径增大而增大;在相同体积分数、同一粒径的情况下,BN/EP和BT/PVDF的热导率和介电常数随着粒径标准差增大而增大。因此,根据具体需求适当改变填料含量、粒径大小、粒径标准差是改善材料性能的有效方法。

纳米颗粒  /  复合材料  /  有限元法  /  热导率  /  介电常数

Typical boron nitride (BN)/epoxy resin (EP) nanocomposite and barium titanate (BT)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite were selected as research system, and the influence of nano-particle volume fraction, particle size, and size distribution on the thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of the nanocomposites was studied by finite element method. The equivalent thermal conductivity and dielectric constant of the nanocomposite was calculated by mean field theory. The results show that with the increase of nano-particle volume fraction, the thermal conductivity and dielectric constant of BN/EP and BT/PVDF increase. Under the same volume fraction and size distribution, the thermal conductivity and dielectric constant of BN/EP and BT/PVDF increase with the increase of particle size. Under the same volume fraction and particle size, and the thermal conductivity and dielectric constant of BN/EP and BT/PVDF increase with the increase of particle size standard deviation. Consequently, it is an effective way to improve the properties of material by changing the filler content, particle size, and size standard deviation appropriately according to the specific needs.

nano-particles  /  composite materials  /  finite element method  /  thermal conductivity  /  dielectric constant
王仲, 何皓弘, 赵莉华, 任俊文, 吴隆文. 纳米复合材料导热与介电性能仿真. 绝缘材料, 2022 , 55 (3) : 51 -58 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.03.007
Zhong WANG, Haohong HE, Lihua ZHAO, Junwen REN, Longwen WU. Simulation on Thermal Conduction and Dielectric Properties of Nanocomposites[J]. Insulating Materials, 2022 , 55 (3) : 51 -58 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.03.007
对于各种电气电子设备,如何维持有效的热传递是一个重要的问题,关系到设备的可靠运行和工作寿命[1],随着设备正向着小型化和高功率的方向发展[2],设备单位体积内产生的热量急剧增加,散热更是成为了制约设备向高功率密度化和高度集成化发展的瓶颈[3]
设备有效热传递依赖于介电材料的高导热性。针对材料不同的应用场合,向聚合物中掺入各种纳米颗粒以改善复合材料的综合性能是常见的方式[4]。例如,在储能器件、嵌入式电容器、致动器、晶体管等方面[5-9],选择金属、陶瓷、碳基材料等高介电常数填料:DANG Z M等[10]采用熔融共混法将镍(Ni)粒子掺入聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中,使Ni/PVDF复合材料的介电常数得到大幅提高,并且介质损耗较小,频率和温度依赖性较低;ZHOU T等[11]通过将钛酸钡(BT)粒子进行表面羟基化(hydroxylated)的改性处理,再掺入PVDF中得到h-BT/PVDF复合材料,从而提高其介电常数与电气强度;HE F等[12]将剥离石墨纳米板(exfoliated graphite nanoplates,xGnPs)与PVDF相结合,在显著提高复合材料介电常数的同时极大降低了其渗流阈值。又如在电子封装、绝缘基板等方面[13-14],选择低介电常数填料:姚彤等[15]通过将氮化硼(BN)和氧化铝(Al2O3)填充到环氧树脂(EP)中,使基体的导热性能大幅提高,并且BN-Al2O3/EP复合材料的电气强度维持在较高水平;曾阳等[16]通过对氮化铝(AlN)表面改性并掺入到环氧树脂中,极大提高了复合材料的热导率,改善了热稳定性,且介电性能满足电子封装材料的要求。目前关于复合材料的制备、填料的类型和含量研究较多,而关于复合材料中颗粒分布影响的研究不足,尤其是对介电性能和导热性能的综合研究较少。
因此,本文针对纳米颗粒复合材料的导热和介电性能,选择BN/EP和BT/PVDF这两种典型复合材料作为研究对象,通过仿真建模平台改变填料颗粒含量、粒径大小、尺寸分布,研究其对两种复合材料热导率和介电常数的影响。
采用二维平面模型进行计算,所有填料颗粒的半径尺寸设置为服从正态分布。图1(a)为填料颗粒半径r的分布概率图,其中填料颗粒半径平均值为μ,标准差为σ,记为r~N(μσ2)。如图1(b)所示,填料颗粒随机地分布在基体内,为简化模拟,做出如下3个假设:①填料和基体都是各向同性的连续介质;②填料形状被简化为圆形;③假设填料和基体的性质均与温度无关。
模型几何形状和尺寸设置为3 μm×3 μm的矩形,BN/EP和BT/PVDF复合材料主要参数设置如表1所示[17-20]
在复合材料等效热导率的计算中,可以由傅里叶定律求得,如式(1)所示。
q=-λeffT
式(1)中:q是热流密度;λeff是等效热导率;T是温度梯度;负号表示传热方向与温度梯度方向相反。
图2为求解等效热导率模型,其约束和加载条件为[21]:在模型的上边界施加恒定温度T1,下边界施加恒定温度T2,周围设置为周期性绝热边界,使上表面和下表面被限制在所产生的温差T=T1-T2中,模型与外界没有对流换热,不考虑颗粒与填料的界面热阻影响。最后,通过仿真平台后处理功能求解得到热流密度q,利用式(1)即可计算出模型的等效热导率。
图3所示,将模型等效为一个平行板电容器,其板间充满相对介电常数为εeff的电介质,在电容器上极板施加电压φ,下极板接地,侧面采用连续周期性条件,其边界条件满足如式(2)~(4)的方程[22]
(ε0ε(x,y)φ)=0
ε(x,y)=ε1(x,y)-iε2(x,y)
φ=φ0eiωt
式(2)~(4)中:ε(xy)为复有效介电常数,ε1ε2分别为其实部和虚部;ε0为真空介电常数;φ为点位于(xy)位置的电压;φ0为电压幅值;ω为角频率。
取复有效介电常数的实部,利用式(5)中的能量等效原理求出模型的等效介电常数εeff
εeff2E2V=i=1Nε1iEi2Vi
式(5)中:E为所加电场;V为电容器两极板间体积;N为微元个数;ε1iEiVi分别代表第i个微元的复有效介电常数实部、局部场强和体积。
本文在研究复合材料性能与填料含量、粒径大小、粒径标准差的关系时,进行了以下设置。
在研究填料含量对复合材料导热性能和介电性能的影响时,维持填料粒径、粒径标准差相同,保持模型中填料半径r为50 nm、粒径标准差σ为0,均匀分布,通过改变填料体积分数(0~40%),得到复合材料性能与填料含量的关系。
在研究填料粒径对复合材料导热性能和介电性能的影响时,取相同的填料含量、粒径标准差,保持模型中填料体积分数为30%、粒径标准差σ为0,均匀分布,通过改变填料粒径大小(20~100 nm),得到复合材料性能与填料粒径大小的关系。
在研究填料粒径标准差对复合材料导热性能和介电性能的影响时,保持填料含量、粒径相同,模型中填料体积分数为30%、填料半径r为50 nm。通过改变填料粒径标准差σ(0~30),得到填料半径分布在正态分布的情况下复合材料性能与填料粒径标准差的关系。
图4为BN/EP和BT/PVDF复合材料的热导率随填料体积分数的变化。
图4可以看出,随着填料体积分数的增加,BN/EP和BT/PVDF复合材料的热导率均显著增大。在填料体积分数较低时,两种材料的热导率提升相对平缓,随着填料体积分数的增大,曲线的斜率逐渐增大,热导率的提升效率更高。在基体热导率相同的情况下,BN/EP比BT/PVDF的热导率提升得更多。当填料体积分数为40%时,BN/EP复合材料的热导率达到0.65 W/(m·K),是纯环氧树脂热导率(0.25 W/(m·K))的2.6倍;BT/PVDF复合材料的热导率达到0.59 W/(m·K),比纯PVDF的热导率提高了2.36倍。
这是因为填料颗粒具有较高的热导率(BN为40 W/(m·K),BT为6.2 W/(m·K)),都远高于基体的热导率(0.25 W/(m·K))。在填料颗粒的体积分数较低时,填料颗粒之间的距离较远,很难达到良好的相互作用,随着填料颗粒的体积分数逐渐增加,填料颗粒之间的距离逐渐缩短,相互作用增强,在体系中形成了导热网链[3],使复合材料的导热性能得到提升。且体积分数越高,导热网链越致密,复合材料的热导率越高。仿真结果表明在选择填料时,热导率更高的填料对于材料热导率的提升贡献更大。
图5为BN/EP和BT/PVDF两种复合材料的热导率随粒径的变化曲线。
图5可以看出,在保持填料含量不变的情况下,填料颗粒粒径从20 nm增大到100 nm,BN/EP和BT/PVDF复合材料的热导率均逐渐增大。其他条件相同的情况下,粒径为100 nm时BN/EP和BT/PVDF复合材料的热导率分别达到0.52 W/(m·K)和0.48 W/(m·K),相比基体分别提高了108%和92%。可见随着填料粒径的逐渐增大,更有利于热量的传导。在热量的传递过程中,热导率更高的填料占据主导作用,随着填料粒径增大,在基体中彼此相互作用变大,更容易搭建起有效的导热网络。此外,在实验中,对于高分子聚合物来说,声子是热量的主要载体,决定着材料的热量传递能力[23],在相同填料体积分数下,当填料粒径过小时,填料与基体之间的界面增多,会导致声子在单位长度内穿过的界面增多,声子散射现象严重,不利于复合材料热导率的提高。因此,使用较大尺寸的填料更有助于改善材料的热导率。
图6为BN/EP和BT/PVDF两种复合材料的热导率随粒径标准差σ的变化曲线。
图6可以看出,随着填料粒径标准差σ的增大,复合材料的热导率提升效果较为明显,在σ<5时,热导率提升较为有效;在5<σ<20时,在原有基础上有小幅提升;当20<σ<30时,热导率的提高更为迅速。在填充体积分数、粒径大小相同的情况下,当σ为30时BN/EP和BT/PVDF复合材料的热导率分别达到0.54 W/(m·K)和0.50 W/(m·K),分别是基体的2.16倍和2倍。
上文分析得出了大尺寸的填料更利于热导率的提高,也就是说大尺寸的填料更有利于作为聚合物基体的导热填料,而小尺寸的填料会桥联大尺寸的填料,使填料间有更好的相互作用。这比使用单一的大尺寸填料填充形成的复合材料热导率更高。这主要是因为不同颗粒尺寸的填料复合使用可以提高填料的堆积密度,更易形成导热网络[24]
为了更好地解释这一现象,选取变化更为明显的BN/EP材料,并绘制其内部热通量结果图,如图7所示。从图7可以看出,在不同粒径标准差σ的填料情况下,其内部热通量明显不同,随着σ增大,颜色由黄至红,表明材料内部的热通量逐渐增大,更有利于导热网络的建立。在填料粒径平均值不变的情况下,σ越大,大尺寸的颗粒越多,“岛”越能充分扮演传导热量的主要角色,同时小粒径的颗粒也越多,使之前相对孤立的大粒径颗粒通过“桥”连接起来,填料之间的间距减小,大小粒径的填料颗粒协同效应明显,类似“岛-桥”的结构促进了导热路径的建立[25],使材料内部导热网络更加完整,热传导更有效率。
图8为BN/EP和BT/PVDF两种复合材料在不同填料体积分数下的相对介电常数。从图8可以看出,在同一频率下,随着填料体积分数的增加,BN/EP和BT/PVDF复合材料的相对介电常数均逐渐升高。在填料体积分数为40%时,电压频率在103 Hz下,BN/EP和BT/PVDF复合材料的相对介电常数分别达到3.46和19.20。电压频率在102~106 Hz内,随着频率升高,两种复合材料的介电常数都逐渐降低。
对于BN/EP复合材料,因为BN和EP的介电常数相差不大,所以复合后介电常数提升效果相对不显著,在103 Hz频率下,填充体积分数为40%的复合材料介电常数相对基体提升了15.38%;对于BT/PVDF复合材料,103 Hz下,填充体积分数为40%的复合材料介电常数是基体的2.4倍,这是因为钛酸钡本身的介电常数比较高,填料对材料的介电常数贡献较大。在实验中,当填料体积分数增加时,颗粒间的距离减小,相互作用增强,有利于复合材料中极性基团的偶极取向[26],因此介电常数随填料含量的增加而增大。
在相同填料体积分数下,随频率升高介电常数降低的原因可能是在较低频率时,材料的极化能力较强,介电常数高,随着电场频率的升高,材料内部的慢极化过程如偶极子转向跟不上电场变化,使偶极极化难以进行[27],因此介电常数呈现降低的趋势。
图9为BN/EP和BT/PVDF两种复合材料在不同填料粒径下的相对介电常数。从图9可以看出,随着填料粒径的增大,BN/EP复合材料的相对介电常数有小幅提高,但是变化较小,这是因为BN和EP的介电常数相近,粒径对于材料的相对介电常数影响不大;而BT/PVDF复合材料的相对介电常数有所提高,在103 Hz下粒径为100 nm时复合材料的相对介电常数达到15.79,相比基体的介电常数提高了98%。造成上述现象的原因可能是在外加电场环境下,填料颗粒附近会产生电场畸变,从而产生局部电场增强效应,粒径太小时,颗粒局域电场增强作用有限,而大粒径的局域电场增强作用更强[28]。由式(5)可得,在外加电场相同的情况下,局部电场的增强会导致总电场能量更大,从而等效介电常数更高。
图10为BN/EP和BT/PVDF两种复合材料的相对介电常数随粒径标准差σ的变化曲线。从图10可以看出,在相同频率下,随粒径标准差σ的增大,BN/EP有小幅上升,效果不是很明显;而BT/PVDF材料的相对介电常数上升较为明显,在103 Hz频率下,粒径标准差σ为30时复合材料的相对介电常数达到15.85,相比基体的介电常数提高了99%。这是因为BN和EP的相对介电常数相差不大,σ的增大引起局域电场增强,进而引起局域极化强度增强作用有限;而BT/PVDF材料基体和填料的介电常数相差较大,随σ增大介电常数变化显著。这里选取BT/PVDF材料在f=103 Hz频率下的内部电位移分布图(如图11所示)进行分析。
式(6)为电介质极化强度P的定义,将其与电位移D的定义相联系[29],得到式(7),可以看出当所加电场一定的情况下,电位移D越大,极化强度越高,相对介电常数也越大。
P=ε0χE
D=ε0E+P=ε0(1+χ)E=ε0εrE
式(6)~(7)中:ε0为真空介电常数;χ为介质极化率;E为外加电场;εr为相对介电常数。
图11可知,随着σ增大,颜色由蓝至红,电位移由小至大,材料内部在电场作用下的介电响应由弱变强,更有利于相对介电常数的提高[30]。可见,随σ的增大,电位移强度明显增强,主要集中在填料颗粒的内部及其与基体的界面处,相同含量下填料σ越大,电位移越大,大尺寸填料和小尺寸填料具有明显的协同效应,复合材料的介电常数有较为明显的提升。这也论证了要提高材料的介电常数,通过增大填料粒径标准差σ改变材料内部分布是一种较为有效的方法。
通过有限元方法,基于纳米颗粒的体积分数、粒径大小和尺寸分布,采用均匀场理论对BN/EP和BT/PVDF复合材料的等效热导率和等效介电常数进行了计算,得到如下结论:
(1)随着填料体积分数的增加,BN/EP和BT/PVDF复合材料的热导率均有较大的提高,提高幅度与填料体积分数成正相关;随着填料粒径的增大,BN/EP和BT/PVDF复合材料的热导率均有较大提高;随着填料粒径标准差的增大,BN/EP和BT/PVDF复合材料的热导率均有较大提高;且对于填料热导率更高的BN/EP复合材料效果更为明显。
(2)随着填料体积分数的增加,BN/EP和BT/PVDF复合材料的相对介电常数均有较大提高;随着填料粒径的增大,BN/EP复合材料的相对介电常数有小幅提高,而BT/PVDF复合材料的相对介电常数有较大提高;随着填料粒径标准差的增大,BN/EP复合材料的相对介电常数有小幅提高,而BT/PVDF复合材料的相对介电常数有较大提高。
(3)在不考虑其他因素影响的情况下,改善复合材料的导热性能和介电性能首先应该考虑的是填料本身的参数,一般来说,采用热导率越高、相对介电常数越高的填料,得到的复合材料性能越优异。
(4)在其他条件相同的情况下,对BN/EP和BT/PVDF复合材料导热性能和介电性能影响最大的是填料体积分数;采用粒径更大的填料,可以在不改变填料体积分数的情况下有效改善材料的综合性能;当填料粒径为正态分布时,由于“岛-桥”协同和局域电场增强效应,所得复合材料会具有比填充均匀分布更为优异的性能。因此,适当增大σ也是一种改善材料性能的有效方法。
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2022年第55卷第3期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.03.007
  • 接收时间:2021-05-11
  • 首发时间:2025-12-22
  • 出版时间:2022-03-20
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  • 收稿日期:2021-05-11
  • 修回日期:2021-06-04
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    四川大学 电气工程学院,四川 成都 610065

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吴隆文(1990-),男(汉族),湖南邵阳人,副研究员,博士,主要从事储能电介质材料及器件、脉冲功率与放电等离子体应用的研究工作。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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