Article(id=1242756976233529653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1242756974576775191, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1609257600000, receivedDateStr=2020-12-30, revisedDate=1614268800000, revisedDateStr=2021-02-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774225952442, onlineDateStr=2026-03-23, pubDate=1637510400000, pubDateStr=2021-11-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774225952442, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774225952442, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774225952442, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1242756974576775191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2021', volume='54', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='139', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774225952044, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774226047274, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1242757374059066044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1242756974576775191, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1242757374059066045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1242756974576775191, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=84, endPage=87, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1242756976627794231, articleId=1242756976233529653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Effects of Dispersant on Properties of Carbon Black/Polyimide Composite Films, columnId=1198664996516360309, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Polyimide Film Special Issue, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A series of black polyimide (PI) films were prepared by using 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) as diamine, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) as dianhydride, and carbon black treated with different types of dispersants as shading filler, respectively, and the effects of dispersants on the surface morphology and properties of the carbon black/PI films were investigated. The results show that the dispersibility of carbon black treated with dispersants in PI matrix and the organic-inorganic interface compatibility are improved, the agglomeration degree of carbon black decreases, and the properties of the films increase. When the carbon black is treated by YK-3 (modified block polymer), the surface morphology and properties of the film are the best, its electric strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break are 145 kV/mm, 146 MPa, and 38%, respectively, and the light transmittance is close to 0.

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以4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为二胺,均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)为二酐,不同类型分散剂表面处理的炭黑为遮光填料,制备了一系列黑色聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜,探讨分散剂对炭黑/PI薄膜表面形貌和性能的影响。结果表明:经分散剂表面处理后的炭黑在PI基体中的分散性及有机-无机的界面相容性得到提升,降低了炭黑团聚程度,提高了薄膜的性能;当采用YK-3(改性嵌段聚合物)分散剂处理炭黑时,薄膜的表面形貌和性能最佳,其电气强度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率分别为145 kV/mm、146 MPa、38%,光透过率接近0。

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刘含茂(1977-),男(汉族),重庆人,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为高分子及其复合材料。

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刘含茂(1977-),男(汉族),重庆人,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为高分子及其复合材料。

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刘含茂(1977-),男(汉族),重庆人,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为高分子及其复合材料。

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项目性能指标
黑度My值276
酸碱度pH值2.5
BET比表面积/(m2/g)300
原生粒径/nm17
吸油量/(g/kg)5200
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炭黑性能指标

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项目性能指标
黑度My值276
酸碱度pH值2.5
BET比表面积/(m2/g)300
原生粒径/nm17
吸油量/(g/kg)5200
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分散剂类型胺值/(mgKOH/g)酸值/(mgKOH/g)
YK-1聚氨酯类1412
YK-2聚酯类12
YK-3改性嵌段聚合物1810
YK-4磷酸类130
YK-5不饱和羧酸类11290
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分散剂性能指标

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分散剂类型胺值/(mgKOH/g)酸值/(mgKOH/g)
YK-1聚氨酯类1412
YK-2聚酯类12
YK-3改性嵌段聚合物1810
YK-4磷酸类130
YK-5不饱和羧酸类11290
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编号拉伸强度/MPa断裂伸长率/%
PI-011325
PI-113734
PI-212430
PI-314638
PI-412632
PI-512129
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PI薄膜力学性能

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编号拉伸强度/MPa断裂伸长率/%
PI-011325
PI-113734
PI-212430
PI-314638
PI-412632
PI-512129
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分散剂对炭黑/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜性能的影响
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刘含茂 , 刘杰 , 刘婷 , 胡峰 , 江乾 , 刘亦武
绝缘材料 | 聚酰亚胺薄膜专题 2021,54(11): 84-87
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绝缘材料 | 聚酰亚胺薄膜专题 2021, 54(11): 84-87
分散剂对炭黑/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜性能的影响
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刘含茂, 刘杰, 刘婷, 胡峰, 江乾, 刘亦武
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  • 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司,湖南 株洲 412007
  • 刘含茂(1977-),男(汉族),重庆人,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为高分子及其复合材料。

Effects of Dispersant on Properties of Carbon Black/Polyimide Composite Films
Hanmao LIU, Jie LIU, Ting LIU, Feng HU, Qian JIANG, Yiwu LIU
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  • Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412007, China
出版时间: 2021-11-22 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.011
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以4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为二胺,均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)为二酐,不同类型分散剂表面处理的炭黑为遮光填料,制备了一系列黑色聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜,探讨分散剂对炭黑/PI薄膜表面形貌和性能的影响。结果表明:经分散剂表面处理后的炭黑在PI基体中的分散性及有机-无机的界面相容性得到提升,降低了炭黑团聚程度,提高了薄膜的性能;当采用YK-3(改性嵌段聚合物)分散剂处理炭黑时,薄膜的表面形貌和性能最佳,其电气强度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率分别为145 kV/mm、146 MPa、38%,光透过率接近0。

黑色聚酰亚胺薄膜  /  炭黑  /  分散剂  /  透过率

A series of black polyimide (PI) films were prepared by using 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) as diamine, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) as dianhydride, and carbon black treated with different types of dispersants as shading filler, respectively, and the effects of dispersants on the surface morphology and properties of the carbon black/PI films were investigated. The results show that the dispersibility of carbon black treated with dispersants in PI matrix and the organic-inorganic interface compatibility are improved, the agglomeration degree of carbon black decreases, and the properties of the films increase. When the carbon black is treated by YK-3 (modified block polymer), the surface morphology and properties of the film are the best, its electric strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break are 145 kV/mm, 146 MPa, and 38%, respectively, and the light transmittance is close to 0.

black polyimide film  /  carbon black  /  dispersant  /  optical transmittance
刘含茂, 刘杰, 刘婷, 胡峰, 江乾, 刘亦武. 分散剂对炭黑/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜性能的影响. 绝缘材料, 2021 , 54 (11) : 84 -87 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.011
Hanmao LIU, Jie LIU, Ting LIU, Feng HU, Qian JIANG, Yiwu LIU. Effects of Dispersant on Properties of Carbon Black/Polyimide Composite Films[J]. Insulating Materials, 2021 , 54 (11) : 84 -87 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.011
传统聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜表面亮光且具有较高的光透过性,在应用过程中会存在光污染和线路设计易于被解读复制等问题,而黑色PI薄膜在保持PI优异综合性能的前提下,还具有良好的遮光性,可以起到防止其覆盖的内部线路设计被解读复制或篡改,阻挡线路因光线透过而造成铜氧化等作用[1-3]。目前国内外的研究主要集中于用遮光填料掺杂填充来改善PI薄膜的遮光性能,该方法易于实现工业化、成本低,然而填料的掺杂将严重牺牲PI薄膜的力学性能和电气性能,另外填料的分散状态对薄膜性能的均一性起着决定性作用。如现在普遍采用的炭黑,虽然具有较高的黑度,但由于其颗粒小、比表面积大、表面自由能高等特点,炭黑粒子间容易形成极强的聚集力,易成团,分散性差,同时炭黑粒子作为应力集中点,当局部应力过大时,其周围缺陷区域会产生裂纹,造成薄膜力学性能及电学性能显著下降和炭黑粒子分布不均的现象。另外炭黑具有较强的导电性能,会很大程度降低PI薄膜的电气绝缘性能[4-6]
为了改善炭黑掺杂存在的上述问题,提高炭黑在PI基体中的分散性及有机-无机界面的相容性,本文通过采用分散剂对炭黑进行表面处理,制备一系列PI薄膜,研究不同分散剂对PI薄膜性能的影响。
4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA,工业级),万达石化集团;1,2,4,5-均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA,工业级),南京龙沙有限公司;N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc,工业级),伊士曼化学品(南京)有限公司;高色素气法炭黑(工业级),美国Orion公司,性能指标见表1;分散剂YK-1、YK-2、YK-3、YK-4、YK-5,德国Evonik公司,性能指标见表2
将一定量的分散剂、炭黑与DMAc装入高速砂磨机中,在3 000 r/min转速下研磨5 h,制得不同分散剂表面处理的炭黑浆料。
在N2保护和冰浴冷却条件下,在DMAc中先加入一定量的ODA,完全溶解后加入一定量的PMDA,反应1 h后,加入表面处理后的炭黑浆料,充分搅拌均匀,继续缓慢分批加入PMDA,调节体系黏度,得到高分子量的黑色PAA树脂。
将黑色PAA树脂经真空消泡完毕后,均匀涂覆于光洁的玻璃板上,放入鼓风干燥箱内进行热亚胺化,脱膜即制得炭黑质量分数为5%、厚度为15 μm的PI薄膜,采用分散剂YK-1、YK-2、YK-3、YK-4、YK-5制得的试样分别编号为PI-1、PI-2、PI-3、PI-4、PI-5,未使用分散剂的试样编号为PI-0。亚胺化工艺为:室温→100℃/30 min+200℃/30 min+300℃/10 min,亚胺化完成后自然降至室温。
采用Ultra 55型扫描电镜(德国ZEISS公司)进行表面形貌表征;采用ZXIBV-2/10型击穿电压测试系统(桂林彰信检测设备有限公司)按照GB/T 13542.2—2009进行电气强度测试;采用DNS-200型电子万能试验机(中机试验装备股份有限公司)按照ASTM D882-18进行力学性能测试;采用UV2550型紫外可见分光光度计(日本Shimadzu株式会社)按照ISO 14782-2005进行光透过率测试。
分散剂的分子结构分为两个部分:一部分为锚固基团,可紧紧地吸附在炭黑颗粒表面,防止脱附;另一部分为溶剂化链,它与分散的有机介质具有良好的相容性,能在炭黑颗粒表面形成足够厚度的保护层[7]图1分别为不同种类分散剂表面处理的炭黑/PI薄膜的表面扫描电镜图。从图1(a)可以看出,没经过分散剂处理的炭黑粒子尺寸较大且有少量团聚现象,亮相界面较明显。从图1(b)(f)可以看出,经过分散剂处理后,炭黑粒子表观尺寸变小,炭黑和PI基体间界面较模糊,相容性较好,其中图1(d)分散效果最佳。由此可知,分散剂表面处理炭黑可以在一定程度上改善炭黑在PI基体中的分散性,降低炭黑团聚程度,提高有机-无机界面结合性。其中YK-3处理的炭黑几乎无团聚炭黑粒子产生,分散效果最佳,这可能是该改性嵌段聚合物具有较高的胺值和相对较低的酸值,与以DMAc为溶剂的聚酰胺酸树脂具有更好的相容性,同时其嵌段聚合物与炭黑颗粒表面的锚固更强,较其他几种分散剂具有更好的双亲性,不仅提高了炭黑的分散均匀性,也增加了其与PI基体的结合性[8]
表面活性剂基团通过范德华力吸附在炭黑表面,可提高炭黑的稳定性和阻碍电子迁移,降低导电性[5]图2为不同分散剂表面处理的炭黑/PI薄膜的电气性能。由图2可知,不同分散剂表面处理的炭黑/PI薄膜电气强度均高于未经处理的PI-0薄膜,其中经YK-3处理炭黑的PI-3薄膜电气强度最高,达到145 kV/mm,说明YK-3对炭黑的表面处理效果较好,更好地实现了阻碍电子迁移的目的,这与扫描电镜图分析结果基本一致。
黑色PI薄膜是含有炭黑的有机-无机杂化膜,其力学性能与无机填料的总量和分散性能有关,无机物在PI树脂中的分散均匀性和粘结性不好,容易导致薄膜内部形成微裂纹缺陷,当受到外部拉应力作用时,微裂纹扩展而使材料的承载能力下降,导致薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率降低。表3为不同分散剂表面处理的炭黑/PI薄膜的力学性能。由表3可知,经分散剂表面处理的炭黑/PI薄膜拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均明显高于未处理的薄膜,这可能是由于未经分散剂表面处理的薄膜,炭黑容易团聚成大颗粒而在基体树脂中形成较大的微裂纹缺陷,导致PI薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率出现大幅下降[9],而这5种分散剂中,使用YK-3处理炭黑的PI-3薄膜力学性能最佳,可能是改性嵌段聚合物在PAA基体中充分相容,在炭黑颗粒与PAA基体中形成较强的聚合物界面层,基体与炭黑颗粒的吸附力更为牢固和持久。与YK-3相比,其他4类分散剂可能由于胺值相对较低,且具有较高的酸值,特别是YK-4和YK-5属于非聚合物,分子量相对较低,从而导致与PAA基体相容性及结合强度不够,因而对炭黑在PI基体中的团聚、分散均匀性及相容性改善没有那么显著。
PI薄膜的光透过率与黑色颜料炭黑的添加量密切相关,炭黑含量越高,光透过率越低,PI薄膜遮光越好[10]图3为不同分散剂表面处理的炭黑/PI薄膜的光透过率。从图3可以看出,相同炭黑用量下,经过不同分散剂表面处理的炭黑/PI薄膜光透过率均低于未经处理的PI-0薄膜,光透过率从低到高依次排序为PI-3、PI-1、PI-2、PI-4、PI-5、PI-0,尤其PI-3的光透过率接近0,表现出优异的遮光性,这与上述分散剂表面处理炭黑对炭黑分散性能的影响结果基本一致。
(1)与未采用分散剂处理的炭黑相比,分散剂表面处理提高了炭黑在PI基体中的分散性及有机-无机的界面相容性,降低了炭黑团聚程度,薄膜的力学性能和电气性能得到提升,光透过率降低。
(2)胺值相对较高、酸值相对较低的改性嵌段聚合物分散剂YK-3较其他4类分散剂具有更好的双亲性,在炭黑颗粒与PI基体中形成较强的聚合物界面层,并与炭黑颗粒的吸附力更为牢固,改善效果最佳,此时PI薄膜的电气强度达145 kV/mm,拉伸强度为146 MPa,断裂伸长率为38%,光透过率接近0。
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.11.011
  • 接收时间:2020-12-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-23
  • 出版时间:2021-11-22
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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-30
  • 修回日期:2021-02-26
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    株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司,湖南 株洲 412007
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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