Article(id=1241765091419423485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241765084528181978, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.07.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1598976000000, receivedDateStr=2020-09-02, revisedDate=1603728000000, revisedDateStr=2020-10-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773989468674, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1626710400000, pubDateStr=2021-07-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773989468674, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773989468674, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773989468674, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241765084528181978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2021', volume='54', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='120', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773989467027, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773989590112, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241765600834421400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241765084528181978, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241765600834421401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1241765084528181978, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=67, endPage=74, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241765092119872267, articleId=1241765091419423485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Influence of Insulation Ageing on Electric Field Distribution at Interface Defects of Cable Joints, columnId=1190369198472794288, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Insulation Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the influence of insulation ageing of cable joint on the electric field distribution at the typical defects of XLPE/silicone rubber interface, we built a simulation model of 10 kV cable joint by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. The electric field distribution in the composite interface with defect of conductive impurities, scratches, moisture, respectively was calculated before and after ageing of insulation. And the growth change of water tree in the cable insulation was analyzed combining with the simulation results. The results show that three kinds of defects can lead to obvious electric field distortion at the defect of composite interface, and the ageing of insulation can increase the electric field strength at the interface, and increase the effect of defects on the electric field distribution at the same time. The electric field distortion at the end of water tree is serious after initiation, with the growth and development of water branches, the electric field strength in the area close to each other decreases, but the local electric field concentration still exists.

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为了研究电缆中间接头绝缘老化对交联聚乙烯/硅橡胶复合界面典型缺陷处电场分布的影响,采用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真软件建立了10 kV电缆中间接头仿真模型,计算了绝缘老化前后复合界面存在导电杂质、划痕和水分3种缺陷时的电场分布,并结合仿真结果对电缆本体绝缘中水树枝的生长变化进行分析。结果表明:3种缺陷均会导致复合界面缺陷处发生明显的电场畸变,绝缘老化会造成界面处电场强度增大,同时加大缺陷对电场分布的影响。水树枝引发后末端电场畸变严重,随着水树枝的生长发展,树枝之间相互靠近的区域电场强度减小,但局部电场集中现象依然存在。

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李秀峰(1974-),女(汉族),山东青岛人,副教授,博士,主要从事电缆料及电缆附件关键问题与技术、纳米复合电介质特性及应用的研究。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=53I06nGloquOjWfyYqvJdg==, magXml=Gkv05Lajz61icMSyCOdtEA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=/L/7F2i3bgtrzPnEFLdAgg==, pdfFileSize=6382564, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ilmFoi/5wsRrUDto2MDOfw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=wneNKd/QUO3istT0dw3n1A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

赵健军(1995-),男(汉族),山东淄博人,硕士生,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。

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赵健军(1995-),男(汉族),山东淄博人,硕士生,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。

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赵健军(1995-),男(汉族),山东淄博人,硕士生,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。

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材料相对介电常数电导率/(S/m)
老化前老化后老化前老化后
1×1041.75×108
半导体层1003
XLPE2.092.363.92×10-151.11×10-14
硅橡胶2.732.971.57×10-152.72×10-14
应力锥302
屏蔽管7005
), ArticleFig(id=1245055686430802554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1241765091419423485, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各材料仿真参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料相对介电常数电导率/(S/m)
老化前老化后老化前老化后
1×1041.75×108
半导体层1003
XLPE2.092.363.92×10-151.11×10-14
硅橡胶2.732.971.57×10-152.72×10-14
应力锥302
屏蔽管7005
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绝缘老化对电缆中间接头界面缺陷处电场分布的影响
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赵健军 1 , 许庆重 1 , 王文成 1 , 李平安 1 , 李秀峰 1 , 王小强 2
绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2021,54(7): 67-74
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绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2021, 54(7): 67-74
绝缘老化对电缆中间接头界面缺陷处电场分布的影响
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赵健军1, 许庆重1, 王文成1, 李平安1, 李秀峰1, 王小强2
作者信息
  • 1山东理工大学 电气与电子工程学院,山东 淄博 25000
  • 2远东电缆有限公司,江苏 宜兴 214257
  • 赵健军(1995-),男(汉族),山东淄博人,硕士生,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。

通讯作者:

李秀峰(1974-),女(汉族),山东青岛人,副教授,博士,主要从事电缆料及电缆附件关键问题与技术、纳米复合电介质特性及应用的研究。
Influence of Insulation Ageing on Electric Field Distribution at Interface Defects of Cable Joints
Jianjun ZHAO1, Qingzhong XU1, Wencheng WANG1, Ping’an LI1, Xiufeng LI1, Xiaoqiang WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
  • 2Far East Cable Co., Ltd., Yixing 214257, China
出版时间: 2021-07-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.07.010
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为了研究电缆中间接头绝缘老化对交联聚乙烯/硅橡胶复合界面典型缺陷处电场分布的影响,采用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真软件建立了10 kV电缆中间接头仿真模型,计算了绝缘老化前后复合界面存在导电杂质、划痕和水分3种缺陷时的电场分布,并结合仿真结果对电缆本体绝缘中水树枝的生长变化进行分析。结果表明:3种缺陷均会导致复合界面缺陷处发生明显的电场畸变,绝缘老化会造成界面处电场强度增大,同时加大缺陷对电场分布的影响。水树枝引发后末端电场畸变严重,随着水树枝的生长发展,树枝之间相互靠近的区域电场强度减小,但局部电场集中现象依然存在。

电缆中间接头  /  绝缘老化  /  界面缺陷  /  水树枝  /  电场分布

In order to study the influence of insulation ageing of cable joint on the electric field distribution at the typical defects of XLPE/silicone rubber interface, we built a simulation model of 10 kV cable joint by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. The electric field distribution in the composite interface with defect of conductive impurities, scratches, moisture, respectively was calculated before and after ageing of insulation. And the growth change of water tree in the cable insulation was analyzed combining with the simulation results. The results show that three kinds of defects can lead to obvious electric field distortion at the defect of composite interface, and the ageing of insulation can increase the electric field strength at the interface, and increase the effect of defects on the electric field distribution at the same time. The electric field distortion at the end of water tree is serious after initiation, with the growth and development of water branches, the electric field strength in the area close to each other decreases, but the local electric field concentration still exists.

cable joint  /  insulation ageing  /  interface defects  /  water tree  /  electric field distribution
赵健军, 许庆重, 王文成, 李平安, 李秀峰, 王小强. 绝缘老化对电缆中间接头界面缺陷处电场分布的影响. 绝缘材料, 2021 , 54 (7) : 67 -74 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.07.010
Jianjun ZHAO, Qingzhong XU, Wencheng WANG, Ping’an LI, Xiufeng LI, Xiaoqiang WANG. Influence of Insulation Ageing on Electric Field Distribution at Interface Defects of Cable Joints[J]. Insulating Materials, 2021 , 54 (7) : 67 -74 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.07.010
电缆中间接头在电力输送中起着衔接、过渡的作用,是保证电力系统安全可靠运行的重要组成部分[1-2]。在电缆实际运行过程中,电、热、力以及环境等因素联合作用会导致交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆和硅橡胶绝缘发生劣化[3],影响接头内部电场分布情况,从而降低其电气性能。
目前,国内外学者针对电缆本体XLPE绝缘层以及中间接头硅橡胶绝缘的老化机理展开了大量研究。叶宇婷等[4]研究了220 kV电缆接头在不同状态下硅橡胶绝缘的老化特征,发现接头故障产生的短时高温作用使得硅橡胶绝缘的交联网络受到破坏,从而使其拉伸强度降低,断裂伸长率升高,同时体积电阻率明显下降;周韫捷等[5]对10 kV XLPE电缆绝缘进行了加速热老化实验,研究热老化对XLPE绝缘力学和介电性能的影响,结果表明热老化对XLPE的结晶形态有显著的破坏作用,力学性能随老化时间的延长先升高后大幅降低,同时老化会导致介电常数增大;G M SAHOO等[6]研究了33 kV XLPE电缆绝缘层的电树枝特性,发现随着电压幅值和施加时间的增加,电树枝的长度、宽度和延伸面积增大。
受现场安装工艺、敷设环境等因素的影响[7],中间接头与电缆本体的复合界面处可能会出现导电杂质、划痕、水分等缺陷,在中间接头投入使用后,缺陷部位会出现电场畸变,从而促进绝缘老化,甚至造成接头击穿。李如锋等[8]对局部含有微间隙的电缆中间接头进行了有限元仿真分析,结果表明微间隙缺陷会使中间接头内部电场发生严重畸变,且畸变程度与缺陷面积成正比;YANG Haisheng等[9]研究了不同缺陷对110 kV电缆接头电场分布的影响,分别建立了存在外护套针尖损伤、界面杂质和绝缘层划痕缺陷的电缆接头等效模型,通过有限元分析计算电缆接头的电场分布,发现3种不同缺陷都会造成电场强度畸变,其中畸变最大的是外护套针尖损伤缺陷;J S LEE等[10]建立了存在导电和绝缘杂质、气隙以及划痕4种类型缺陷的电缆接头界面模型,进行了相位分布局部放电(PRPDA)图谱分析和局部放电混沌分析(CAPD),结果表明,每种缺陷在其谱图上都显示出特定的特征,当CAPD与常规PRPDA结合使用时,可以更鲜明地识别出引起局部放电的缺陷类型。
现有研究未考虑到电缆本体XLPE绝缘层和接头内硅橡胶绝缘发生老化后,对电缆接头界面缺陷处电场分布的影响。本文使用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真软件,建立10 kV电缆中间接头仿真模型,研究绝缘老化对中间接头交联聚乙烯/硅橡胶复合界面存在导电杂质、划痕和水分3种缺陷时电场分布的影响,并结合仿真结果分析XLPE绝缘老化对水树枝生长的影响规律,为推测电缆接头发生故障的原因,指导接头的设计、制作与安装,进而保障电力系统的安全稳定运行提供参考。
标准电缆中间接头为轴对称结构,可采用二维轴对称方式进行建模[11]。根据10 kV电缆中间接头内部结构建立仿真模型,如图1所示,表1为各材料的仿真参数,其中绝缘层老化后的数据为实验室135℃下加速热老化168 h后测试所得。
由于电缆中间接头的运行环境是50 Hz的工频交流电压,其电场随时间的变化较慢,仿真过程中可按电准静态场(EQS)来处理[12]。根据电磁场相关理论,基本方程的微分形式如式(1)所示[13]
×H=J+Dt;B=0×E=J+Bt;D=ρ
对于各向同性电介质,存在式(2)~(3)所示关系。
J=γE
D=εE
式(1)~(3)中:H为磁场强度;J为电流密度;D为电位移矢量;B为磁感应强度;E为电场强度;t为时间;γ为电导率;ε为介电常数。
当感应电场远小于库仑电场时,电磁感应项Bt可以忽略,从而得到EQS方程[14],其微分形式如式(4)所示。
×H=J+Dt;B=0×E=0;D=ρ
由矢量计算公式可得式(5)
×H=0
将式(2)、(3)代入式(5)中可得式(6)
(γ+jωε)E=0
式(6)中:j为虚数单位;ω为角速度。
因此在EQS中,电导率和介电常数将共同影响电场分布。
对于二维模型的网格划分主要有三角形和四边形两种[15],基于四边形网格划分的反Paving法具有较高的网格质量和计算精度且较易实现[16],可以满足仿真需求。为了提高计算效率,在接头模型内部区域添加尺寸较大的四边形网格,而边界及尺寸较小的缺陷部位进行细化或超细化加密处理,如图2所示(以水树枝为例)。
交联聚乙烯和硅橡胶都属于高分子聚合物,材料老化后会伴随着电气参数的变化,因此在仿真过程中可以通过改变绝缘材料的介电常数和电导率来模拟绝缘老化[17]。电缆中间接头界面无缺陷时的电场分布情况如图3所示,图4为老化前后交联聚乙烯/硅橡胶复合界面的电场强度变化曲线。
图3可以看出,在应力锥根部和屏蔽管端部出现明显的电场集中现象,最大电场强度出现在应力锥根部的电缆本体绝缘内侧。从图4可以看出,老化前后复合界面的最大电场强度发生了变化,由老化前的1.97 kV/mm增大到老化后的2.08 kV/mm。
应力锥根部和屏蔽管端部电场集中主要是因为此处材料与XLPE绝缘的介电常数相差较大[18]。仿真中仅考虑到绝缘材料老化后介电常数和电导率参数的变化,但材料劣化后电气性能的下降与其微观结构的改变也密切相关。在电缆运行过程中,受电、热、力等联合作用的影响,交联聚乙烯和硅橡胶的交联网络遭到破坏,交联度降低,分子链发生链断和解聚反应[19-20],导致分子结构的不对称性增加,同时生成易被极化的游离基和小分子,致使相对介电常数和电导率升高。若游离基和小分子发生积聚,则会形成空间电荷导致周围电场畸变,从而使更多的原子基团断键脱离[21],加速绝缘老化。对于硅橡胶而言,交联度的降低会导致表层的不饱和键等活性点数量增多,表面陷阱密度增加,促进表面电荷跳跃输运和水分吸附,进而降低了接头硅橡胶的绝缘性能[22]。因此,XLPE和硅橡胶绝缘的老化对微观结构的改变导致界面处电场强度增大。
在电缆中间接头安装过程中,需要剥切电缆本体的铜屏蔽层和半导电层,可能有金属粉末或半导电微粒附着在主绝缘上[23]。界面存在导电杂质的位置和尺寸不同会对电场分布产生影响。图56分别为导电杂质存在于应力锥根部、屏蔽管端部及两者中间部位3个位置时的电场分布及电势分布情况,杂质半径为0.5 mm。图7是杂质半径分别为0.1、0.3、0.5、0.8、1.0 mm时的电场分布情况,复合界面老化前后的电场强度变化曲线如图8所示。
图5可以看出,各缺陷附近的电场都发生明显畸变,当缺陷位于界面中间位置时,其附近的电场在界面径向位置较集中,而当杂质靠近应力锥和屏蔽管时,电场集中位置发生偏移。由图8(a)可知,未老化前3个缺陷处的畸变峰值从左到右依次为2.69、1.54、1.14 kV/mm,靠近应力锥缺陷处畸变程度最大,且畸变峰值远超过复合界面上无缺陷时的最大电场强度;老化后各缺陷处电场强度都有所增大,其中靠近应力锥的杂质处电场强度变化最大,增大至3.12 kV/mm,是老化前的116%。由图7图8(b)可知,随着杂质尺寸的减小,杂质处的电场畸变程度逐渐增大。杂质半径为0.1 mm时最大电场强度为1.59 kV/mm,老化后增大至1.71 kV/mm。
当静电场中存在导电杂质时,在电场作用下,杂质内部的自由电荷将发生移动,使得杂质一端带正电荷,一端带负电荷。当杂质两端的正、负电荷积累到一定程度时,杂质内部将达到静电平衡状态,内部电场为0。此时,电荷只分布在杂质表面,杂质附近空间电场强度E与杂质表面的电荷面密度σe的关系为E=σe/ε0,表面电荷密度越大,电场强度越大。从图6可以看出,由于导电杂质的存在,附近的等势线已发生畸变,电场线始终正交于等势线,正、负电荷沿电场线方向运动,分别集中于杂质等势线法线方向的两端,使得表面电荷密度增大,电场强度增大。所以当杂质靠近应力锥和屏蔽管时,电场集中位置发生改变。
一般来说,导电杂质尺寸对电场强度的影响跟杂质的曲率半径有关,曲率半径越小,其表面的电荷密度越大,电场强度也就越大[24-25]
交流电压下,若材料某处出现电场集中,场强超过电荷发射阈值,则会发生电荷注入-抽出现象[26]。以导电杂质为中心的局部绝缘层电场集中明显,电荷往复运动撞击交联聚乙烯和硅橡胶分子链,使其交联键发生断裂而形成局部自由区。在电场的加速作用下,电荷在自由区中获得更多能量,对分子链造成更大破坏,使自由区扩大形成树枝状通道,从而引发电树枝现象。杂质附近分子链的断裂和降解程度在畸变的电场作用下进一步增大,导致缺陷处局部电导率和介电常数升高而加剧电场畸变,从而使杂质周围电场强度在老化后有所增大。
若电缆本体绝缘表面有划痕,除了对绝缘层力学性能造成破坏,缺陷处还会留下潜在气隙[23],降低电缆本体与中间接头界面的贴合度。图9为界面存在划痕时的电场分布情况,其中划痕长度分别为3、5、8 mm,深度分别为0.3、0.5、1.0 mm。复合界面老化前后的电场强度变化曲线如图10所示。
图10可以看出,不论尺寸大小,划痕处电场均畸变严重,最大电场强度为1.65 kV/mm,老化后增大至1.78 kV/mm。划痕尺寸的增大对缺陷处电场强度的幅值影响不大,但扩大了高场强区域的范围。
当材料中有划痕、空隙或裂缝时,会引起材料在外力作用下应力分布的集中效应。若XLPE表面存在与应力方向垂直的划痕(或裂缝),划痕尖端曲率半径为ρ,长度和深度分别为2aa,则划痕尖端处最大张应力σm式(7)所示[27]
σm=σ0(1+2aρ)
式(7)中:σ0为XLPE所承受的平均应力。ρ越小,则σm越大,应力越集中。机械破坏、电场应力和电场集中所产生的热量共同作用将加速绝缘层的老化,从而使其局部区域发生降解,进一步扩大缺陷处劣化面积,使得此处电场畸变加剧,所以老化后电场强度增大。
为了避免划痕对电缆接头复合界面的影响,在实际安装时通常会在界面涂覆硅脂将其覆盖,从而提高界面贴合度,提高界面的电气强度,图1112分别为划痕处涂覆硅脂后的电场分布和界面场强变化曲线。从图1112可以看出,涂覆硅脂后缺陷处电场畸变程度明显减小,最大电场强度减小到1.02 kV/mm。
由于硅脂和硅橡胶都属于以硅氧键为主链的聚有机硅氧烷[28],结构相同,介电常数和电导率相近,涂覆硅脂后划痕被覆盖且界面密封性增强,有利于降低划痕缺陷对复合界面电场分布的影响。但这两种相同结构的材料接触时会发生分子溶胀现象,长期在电场作用下,这种溶胀作用会使分子间作用力减弱,加速材料的老化[29]
由于电缆运行环境的不确定性,中间接头可能在潮湿环境中运行[30],且高弹性的硅橡胶材料长期处于扩张状态,其内应力会随时间的延长出现应力松弛现象[2],使得硅橡胶绝缘与电缆本体XLPE绝缘间的“握紧力”不足,导致接头密封不严密,为水汽或水分的侵入提供了条件。当界面存在水分时,易引发沿面放电,湿度较大时,甚至会造成界面闪络。水分在界面中主要以水珠和水膜的形态存在[24]图13为界面存在两种形态缺陷的电场分布情况,复合界面老化前后的电场强度变化曲线如图14所示。
图14可以看出,缺陷处电场强度呈现出“中间低,两边高”的现象,即在水珠和水膜两端与界面相接触的位置,电场出现明显畸变。在老化前,水珠形态下畸变点的最大电场强度为1.37 kV/mm,水膜形态下为1.44 kV/mm;老化后,缺陷处最大场强分别增大至1.51 kV/mm和1.57 kV/mm。
由于水的电导率较大,具有导电性,在电场作用下,硅橡胶的疏水性使水珠和水膜与界面的接触角小于90°,同时呈现出中间较平缓的状态,此时与界面接触位置曲率半径较小,积累电荷较多,使得表面电荷密度增大,电场强度增大,所以附近电场强度出现“中间低,两边高”的现象。从仿真数据来看,两者畸变点的最大电场强度相差不大,但在交变电场作用下,水珠更易发生伸缩变形对XLPE分子链施加电-机械应力,即Maxwell应力[31],表达式如式(8)所示。
F=ε02(εr-1)E2
长期在此应力作用下,水珠会对附近的XLPE和硅橡胶绝缘造成持续的冲击破坏,当绝缘层所承受的能量大于其断裂能时,将产生疲劳断裂而形成微观裂隙[32],水分侵入后进一步发展产生连串且相互连通的微孔,从而引发水树枝。对于老化后的材料而言,由于缺陷处局部老化降解程度加重,电导率和介电常数升高,使得周围电场强度增大,形成局部高场强区域。水树枝的形成过程中伴随的聚合物基体分子链断裂、交联键被破坏以及分子间作用力减弱等现象更易发生,对水树枝的发展起促进作用。
在文献[33-34]的基础上,根据水树枝的“珍珠串”结构形态及生长特点,构建了水树枝生长过程中不同阶段的仿真模型,根据文献[35-36]将水树枝的介电常数和电导率分别设置为5和1×10-7 S/m,水树枝尺寸及仿真结果如图15所示,图16为水树枝中间分支两侧电场强度变化曲线。
图1516可以看出,水树枝形成后末端电场畸变严重,且靠近水树枝末端时,电场强度逐渐增大,最大为47 kV/mm,达到XLPE电场强度的上限。根据式(8)可以判断,电场强度越大,XLPE分子链受到的电场应力越大,分子结构会持续被破坏,微观缺陷增多,水树枝将呈发射状生长。随着水树枝的进一步发展,树枝密度不断增大,生长速度减慢,电场分布情况发生了变化,如图17所示,可以看出,树枝之间相互靠近的区域电场强度减小。这是因为新出现的树枝对电场起到一定的屏蔽作用[36],但局部电场集中现象仍然存在,水树枝将继续向前发展。
(1)电缆中间接头无缺陷时,界面处的电场强度在老化后整体增大,最大电场强度出现在应力锥根部的电缆本体绝缘内侧。
(2)老化后各导电杂质处电场畸变程度加重,随着杂质位置的改变,电场集中位置发生偏移。靠近应力锥的杂质附近电场强度变化最大,增大至3.12 kV/mm,是老化前的116%,远超过复合界面无缺陷时的最大电场强度。杂质尺寸减小会导致杂质处的电场畸变程度增大,半径为0.1 mm时最大电场强度为1.59 kV/mm,老化后增大至1.71 kV/mm。
(3)若电缆本体绝缘存在划痕,老化后划痕处电场畸变严重,划痕尺寸的变化对缺陷处电场强度的幅值无明显影响,但改变了高场强区域的范围。涂覆硅脂后有利于降低划痕缺陷对复合界面电场分布的影响。
(4)老化后水珠和水膜处最大电场强度都增大。两种形态下,最大畸变点都出现在两端与界面接触位置,且周围电场分布呈现出“中间低,两边高”的现象,老化后更为明显。由于老化存在的微观结构缺陷,XLPE中易产生水树枝,其末端电场强度较高,随着水树枝进一步发展,树枝之间相互靠近的区域电场强度减小。
  • 山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2019MEE100)
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2021年第54卷第7期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.07.010
  • 接收时间:2020-09-02
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2021-07-20
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  • 收稿日期:2020-09-02
  • 修回日期:2020-10-27
基金
山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2019MEE100)
作者信息
    1山东理工大学 电气与电子工程学院,山东 淄博 25000
    2远东电缆有限公司,江苏 宜兴 214257

通讯作者:

李秀峰(1974-),女(汉族),山东青岛人,副教授,博士,主要从事电缆料及电缆附件关键问题与技术、纳米复合电介质特性及应用的研究。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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