Article(id=1235576341563757405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1235576335565902637, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.06.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1595174400000, receivedDateStr=2020-07-20, revisedDate=1598544000000, revisedDateStr=2020-08-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772513955726, onlineDateStr=2026-03-03, pubDate=1624118400000, pubDateStr=2021-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772513955726, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772513955726, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772513955726, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1235576335565902637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2021', volume='54', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='124', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772513954297, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773989561930, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241765482630546068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1235576335565902637, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241765482634740373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1235576335565902637, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=74, endPage=78, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1235576341991576421, articleId=1235576341563757405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Interface Pressure Evolution Law of Cable Intermediate Joint Under Silicone Grease Environment, columnId=1190369066675179686, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Material Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

When installing the cable accessories, we usually coat silicone grease on the interface between silicone rubber (SR) insulation of cable accessories and XLPE insulation of cable body, but the silicone rubber will affect the interface pressure after absorbing silicone grease. The interface pressure between SR and XLPE was studied by combining experiment and simulation methods. The elastic modulus variation of the silicone rubber after absorbing silicone grease was measured by experiment, and then the elastic modulus was distributed to three-dimensional model to conduct simulation. The results show that under the silicone grease environment, the greater the expansion degree of silicone rubber, the greater the mass change rate, and the smaller the elastic modulus. The interface pressure between SR and XLPE decreases with the increase of silicone grease absorption time. The larger the expansion degree of cable joint, the greater the interface pressure, and the faster the interface pressure decline speed. The interface pressure decreases slightly with the increase of friction coefficient.

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在安装电缆附件时,通常会在电缆附件硅橡胶(SR)绝缘和电缆本体交联聚乙烯(XLPE)绝缘的界面处涂覆硅脂,硅橡胶吸收硅脂后会对界面压力产生影响。采用实验和仿真相结合的方法对电缆接头SR和XLPE之间的界面压力进行研究,通过实验测得硅橡胶吸收硅脂后弹性模量的变化,并将其分配到三维模型中进行仿真。结果表明:硅脂环境下,硅橡胶扩张程度越大,质量变化率越大,弹性模量越小。电缆接头SR和XLPE之间的界面压力随吸收硅脂时间的增加而减小;电缆接头扩张程度越大,界面压力越大,界面压力的降低速度越快;界面压力随摩擦系数的增加而略微减小。

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王仲(1986-),男(汉族),湖北鄂州人,副教授,主要从事高压绝缘、电气设备运行状态监测技术、气体放电和等离子体的研究工作。
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赵莉华(1968-),女(汉族),四川射洪人,副教授,主要从事电力电子技术在电力系统中的应用、电气设备绝缘的在线监测。

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赵莉华(1968-),女(汉族),四川射洪人,副教授,主要从事电力电子技术在电力系统中的应用、电气设备绝缘的在线监测。

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赵莉华(1968-),女(汉族),四川射洪人,副教授,主要从事电力电子技术在电力系统中的应用、电气设备绝缘的在线监测。

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1235576341563757405, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=硅脂), Keyword(id=1235576354209583457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1235576341563757405, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=界面压力)], refs=[Reference(id=1235576358051566045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1235576341563757405, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=22, pageEnd=26, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=宋丽亚, 张道利, 盛洞天, journalName=电线电缆, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋丽亚,张道利,盛洞天. 高压XLPE绝缘电力电缆外护套材料的选择[J]. 电线电缆,2014(3):22-26., articleTitle=高压XLPE绝缘电力电缆外护套材料的选择, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1235576358139646432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1235576341563757405, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=40, issue=9, pageStart=2593, pageEnd=2612, url=null, 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硅脂环境下电缆中间接头界面压力演变规律研究
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赵莉华 1 , 邱九皓 1 , 李彦姝 2 , 任俊文 1 , 贾利川 1 , 王仲 1
绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2021,54(6): 74-78
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绝缘材料 | 材料研究 2021, 54(6): 74-78
硅脂环境下电缆中间接头界面压力演变规律研究
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赵莉华1, 邱九皓1, 李彦姝2, 任俊文1, 贾利川1, 王仲1
作者信息
  • 1四川大学 电气工程学院,四川 成都 610065
  • 2国网山东省电力公司青岛市黄岛区供电公司,山东 青岛 266000
  • 赵莉华(1968-),女(汉族),四川射洪人,副教授,主要从事电力电子技术在电力系统中的应用、电气设备绝缘的在线监测。

通讯作者:

王仲(1986-),男(汉族),湖北鄂州人,副教授,主要从事高压绝缘、电气设备运行状态监测技术、气体放电和等离子体的研究工作。
Interface Pressure Evolution Law of Cable Intermediate Joint Under Silicone Grease Environment
Lihua ZHAO1, Jiuhao QIU1, Yanshu LI2, Junwen REN1, Lichuan JIA1, Zhong WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
  • 2Huangdao Power Supply Company, State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company, Qingdao 266000, China
出版时间: 2021-06-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.06.012
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在安装电缆附件时,通常会在电缆附件硅橡胶(SR)绝缘和电缆本体交联聚乙烯(XLPE)绝缘的界面处涂覆硅脂,硅橡胶吸收硅脂后会对界面压力产生影响。采用实验和仿真相结合的方法对电缆接头SR和XLPE之间的界面压力进行研究,通过实验测得硅橡胶吸收硅脂后弹性模量的变化,并将其分配到三维模型中进行仿真。结果表明:硅脂环境下,硅橡胶扩张程度越大,质量变化率越大,弹性模量越小。电缆接头SR和XLPE之间的界面压力随吸收硅脂时间的增加而减小;电缆接头扩张程度越大,界面压力越大,界面压力的降低速度越快;界面压力随摩擦系数的增加而略微减小。

电缆附件  /  界面  /  硅橡胶  /  硅脂  /  界面压力

When installing the cable accessories, we usually coat silicone grease on the interface between silicone rubber (SR) insulation of cable accessories and XLPE insulation of cable body, but the silicone rubber will affect the interface pressure after absorbing silicone grease. The interface pressure between SR and XLPE was studied by combining experiment and simulation methods. The elastic modulus variation of the silicone rubber after absorbing silicone grease was measured by experiment, and then the elastic modulus was distributed to three-dimensional model to conduct simulation. The results show that under the silicone grease environment, the greater the expansion degree of silicone rubber, the greater the mass change rate, and the smaller the elastic modulus. The interface pressure between SR and XLPE decreases with the increase of silicone grease absorption time. The larger the expansion degree of cable joint, the greater the interface pressure, and the faster the interface pressure decline speed. The interface pressure decreases slightly with the increase of friction coefficient.

cable accessory  /  interface  /  silicone rubber  /  silicone grease  /  interface pressure
赵莉华, 邱九皓, 李彦姝, 任俊文, 贾利川, 王仲. 硅脂环境下电缆中间接头界面压力演变规律研究. 绝缘材料, 2021 , 54 (6) : 74 -78 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.06.012
Lihua ZHAO, Jiuhao QIU, Yanshu LI, Junwen REN, Lichuan JIA, Zhong WANG. Interface Pressure Evolution Law of Cable Intermediate Joint Under Silicone Grease Environment[J]. Insulating Materials, 2021 , 54 (6) : 74 -78 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.06.012
近年来,随着交联聚乙烯(cross-linked polyethylene,XLPE)电缆的发展[1-3],与XLPE电缆配套使用的电缆附件也得到广泛使用[4]。统计数据表明,电缆附件损坏引起的故障数占电缆运行总故障数的70%[5]。电缆附件中,电缆接头硅橡胶(silicon rubber,SR)绝缘和电缆本体XLPE绝缘之间的复合界面是发生故障的典型部位[6-7]。在实际运行中,电缆附件中SR/XLPE界面性能除了受到温度、积水、电场及外力损坏的影响外[8-11],还受到界面间涂覆的硅脂导致的硅橡胶绝缘老化的影响[12-14]
研究表明,复合介质沿面放电是导致XLPE电缆附件运行故障的主要原因[15-16],保证SR/XLPE界面足够的压力和在界面涂抹硅脂可大幅提高界面的沿面放电电压[17-18]。王佩龙[19]研究发现,界面压力不低于0.1 MPa时,可保证电缆附件满足电气强度要求。为保证界面压力,实际运行中的电缆附件需始终处于扩张状态[20]。扩张后的附件结构尺寸会发生变化,有学者应用弹性力学理论推导了电缆附件在扩张过程中的变形和位移方程[21]。然而,目前关于硅橡胶吸收硅脂后对电缆附件SR/XLPE界面性能的影响尚缺乏相关研究。
本研究采用实验与仿真相结合的方法对电缆附件界面的压力进行研究,通过实验研究液体加成型硅橡胶在不同扩张状态下吸收硅脂后质量变化率和弹性模量的变化规律,并通过仿真研究电缆附件SR/XLPE界面压力的变化情况,以期为电缆附件的安装设计和运行维护提供参考。
硅橡胶试样:由于液体加成型硅橡胶正逐步成为新型的电缆附件绝缘材料,本研究采用自制液体加成型硅橡胶进行试验。具体制备方法:以甲基乙烯基硅氧烷作为生胶,将一定量的抑制剂加入含氢硅油交联剂中,然后使交联剂与生胶按一定比例混合,最后在铂催化剂的作用下通过加成反应将生胶硫化为液体加成型硅橡胶。
利用冲压机和裁刀将液体加成型硅橡胶试样裁切成尺寸约为120 mm × 18 mm的长条形。利用游标卡尺准确测量试样的宽度W和厚度T。依次用去离子水和无水乙醇将制备好的试样表面清洗干净,然后将试样放置在60℃恒温干燥箱中干燥24 h,以除去试样内部吸收的水分。将干燥好的试样取出冷却至室温后,立即用电子天平测量试样的初始质量m0。然后用夹具夹住试样的两端,并用游标卡尺测量中间未被夹住部分的长度L0,并将各组试样分别拉伸至不同的拉伸率ε,记录此时的长度L,固定在夹持器上。最后将工业用普通硅脂均匀地涂覆在硅橡胶试样表面,并注意不要在试样与硅脂之间留有气泡。实验过程中保持各自的拉伸率不变,仅在测量时将其取下进行测量。
按照实验计划,分别于t时刻将其从夹持器上取下,并用四氯化碳洗去试样表面的硅脂。将清洗后的试样放置在90℃恒温干燥箱中干燥1~2 h取出,使得试样表面的四氯化碳挥发。待试样冷却后,再次用电子天平测量试样的质量mtt时刻硅橡胶的质量变化率ω可用式(1)计算。
ω=mt-m0m0×100%
将各组试样于t时刻从夹持器上取出,利用INSTRON-5967型拉力试验机参照GB/T 528—2009和HG/T 3321—2012对试样的弹性模量进行测定。测试时将各组试样分别拉伸至各自原先固定在夹持器上时的拉伸长度L,并记录所需拉力Ft,拉伸速度设定为500 mm/min。t时刻每组拉伸率下的测试结果取3个试样的平均值。t时刻试样的弹性模量计算公式为式(2)
E=σε=Ft/WT(L-L0)/L0
电缆接头在安装之后始终处于扩张状态,为研究硅橡胶在不同扩张状态下吸收硅脂后的质量变化,设置硅橡胶拉伸率为0~60%,研究其质量变化率与拉伸率的关系,结果如图1所示。
图1可以看出,硅橡胶吸收硅脂后的质量变化率与拉伸率密切相关,拉伸率越大,质量变化率越大。随着吸收硅脂时间的增加,各拉伸率下试样的质量变化率逐渐增大,在后期增大速度减缓。分析认为,硅橡胶在拉伸状态时,硅橡胶分子间间隙扩大,能够进入硅橡胶分子链段之间间隙的硅油分子增多,因而硅橡胶扩张程度越大,质量变化率越大。
为研究硅橡胶在不同拉伸率下吸收硅脂后弹性模量随吸收硅脂时间的变化规律,同样设置拉伸率为0~60%进行分析,结果如图2所示。从图2可以看出,拉伸率越大,硅橡胶试样的弹性模量越小。这是由于硅橡胶是非理想弹性体,其拉伸形变包含弹性形变和塑性形变。随着形变的增加,其塑性形变的比例增加,因此弹性模量减小[22]。从图2还可以看出,硅橡胶弹性模量随吸收硅脂时间的增加逐渐减小,且涂覆硅脂情况下硅橡胶弹性模量的降低程度比未涂覆硅脂的情况更严重。分析认为,由于硅橡胶扩张程度越大,进入到硅橡胶分子链段之间间隙的硅油分子越多,对硅橡胶分子链的影响越大,分子间发生相对运动所需的力就越小,从而使得弹性模量越小。
根据国内某厂家生产的10 kV电缆接头尺寸,利用Solidworks软件建立包含绝缘屏蔽层的三维模型,并将建立好的三维模型导入Ansys软件进行电缆接头界面压力分析。电缆接头结构如图3所示。
实际电缆接头安装时,接头内侧硅橡胶与表面涂覆了硅脂的XLPE是过盈配合接触,故硅脂从接头内侧单面扩散进入到整个电缆接头中。电缆接头硅橡胶在安装好后处于扩张状态,其内部形变由内侧向外侧逐层递减[23]。根据前文分析,硅橡胶在不同扩张状态时吸收硅脂率不同,弹性模量的变化程度也不同,如图4所示。因此在设置硅橡胶绝缘仿真参数时逐层设置材料参数。各时间点下硅橡胶弹性模量E与拉伸率ε的关系基本满足式(3)所示拟合函数。
E=f(ε)=A+Bε+Cε2
电缆接头在轴向方向与电缆本体接触面上的界面压力分布如图5所示,其中SR/XLPE界面处的压力分布局部放大后如图中框线部分所示。从图5可以看出,在应力锥和绝缘屏蔽层界面处,其压力由两端向中间逐渐增大,在应力锥端部达到最大值;在应力锥和绝缘屏蔽层界面与SR/XLPE界面交接处,其界面压力骤降,然后逐渐趋于稳定;在高压屏蔽管处,其界面压力与SR/XLPE界面压力相比增大。
为研究硅橡胶在保持同一扩张状态(即过盈配合量不变)时吸收硅脂后产生的形变量随吸收硅脂时间的变化规律,以硅橡胶内径和外径处产生的形变进行分析,将前文实验数据分配到硅橡胶材料参数中进行仿真,得到图6所示变化规律。从图6可以看出,电缆接头硅橡胶在保持同一扩张状态时吸收硅脂后,其内径处产生的形变增大,外径处产生的形变减小,表明硅橡胶弹性模量降低导致电缆接头整体形变减小,进而说明电缆接头内径处SR与XLPE之间的抱紧程度减小。但总体上硅橡胶吸收硅脂老化前后其形变量相差甚微,由此可见吸收硅脂后导致电缆接头硅橡胶弹性模量的变化对其过盈配合产生形变的影响可以忽略不计。
为研究硅橡胶在保持同一扩张状态(即过盈配合量不变)时吸收硅脂后产生的界面压力随吸收硅脂时间的变化规律,绘制出界面压力随吸收硅脂时间的变化曲线,如图7所示。
图7可以看出,随着硅橡胶持续扩张状态时间的增加,SR/XLPE界面间的压力逐渐降低,在涂覆硅脂情况下,界面压力的降幅更大。结合前文实验可以发现,硅橡胶吸收硅脂后,界面压力降低的趋势与其弹性模量的降低趋势基本一致,这也符合弹性模量和界面压力呈正相关的理论。
电缆接头安装在不同截面积的电缆上时,硅橡胶产生的扩张程度不同。为研究不同扩张程度下界面压力的变化规律,设置了不同的扩张过盈量,得到界面压力随扩张程度的关系曲线如图8所示。从图8可以看出,硅橡胶的扩张程度与界面压力有着密切的关系,随着硅橡胶扩张程度的增加,SR/XLPE界面间产生的界面压力增大。当硅橡胶的扩张程度较小时,产生的初始界面压力较小,电缆接头在长时间运行过程中受到温度、电场、硅脂等因素影响,硅橡胶的扩张程度减小,导致界面压力很容易低于0.1 MPa,从而使得界面的电气强度达不到规定要求[18]
为进一步研究硅橡胶在不同扩张程度下吸收硅脂老化后界面压力的变化情况,以吸收硅脂240 h时进行仿真,绘制出界面压力变化率随扩张程度的变化曲线,如图9所示。其中界面压力变化率的计算公式为式(4)
P=P240-P0P0×100%
式(4)中:P240为吸收硅脂时间240 h时刻的界面压力;P0为初始时刻的界面压力。
图9可以看出,电缆接头扩张程度越大,吸收硅脂后界面压力的减小速度越快。分析认为,扩张程度越大,硅橡胶吸收硅脂后弹性模量的减小速度越快[24],而界面压力和弹性模量呈正相关,因此扩张程度越大时,界面压力减小速度越快。
硅橡胶吸收硅脂主要是吸收硅脂中的硅脂基油——硅油,硅橡胶长时间吸收硅脂之后,硅脂中的硅油含量降低,从而使得硅脂的流动性降低,导致硅橡胶和XLPE表面的粗糙度增加,即摩擦系数增大。为研究硅橡胶吸收硅脂后,SR和XLPE间摩擦系数增大对界面压力的影响,保持弹性模量一定,分别设置了不同的摩擦系数进行仿真,得到界面压力随摩擦系数的变化曲线如图10所示。从图10可以看出,随着摩擦系数的增加,SR/XLPE界面的界面压力逐渐降低,但降幅非常小。在选用硅脂时,选择能保持良好流动性的硅脂有利于减小界面压力的粗糙度,从而减缓界面压力的减小速度,延长电缆接头的使用寿命。
(1)硅橡胶吸收硅脂时,扩张程度越大,其质量变化率越大,且在各扩张程度下均为实验前期变化较大,然后逐渐趋于平缓。
(2)硅橡胶弹性模量随吸收硅脂时间的增加而逐渐减小,扩张程度越大,减小速度越快,且在各扩张程度下均为实验前期减小较快,然后逐渐趋于平缓。
(3)SR/XLPE界面间的压力随着吸收硅脂时间的增加而逐渐减小,且硅脂作用下,减小幅度更大。界面压力随吸收硅脂时间的变化规律与弹性模量随吸收硅脂时间的变化规律基本一致。
(4)硅橡胶扩张程度越大,界面压力越大,硅脂作用下其下降速度更快。
(5)SR/XLPE界面间的压力随着摩擦系数的增大而减小,但其变化量相差甚小。
  • 中国博士后科学基金项目(2018M643475)
  • 四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2020YJ0318)
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.06.012
  • 接收时间:2020-07-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-03
  • 出版时间:2021-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-20
  • 修回日期:2020-08-28
基金
中国博士后科学基金项目(2018M643475)
四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2020YJ0318)
作者信息
    1四川大学 电气工程学院,四川 成都 610065
    2国网山东省电力公司青岛市黄岛区供电公司,山东 青岛 266000

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王仲(1986-),男(汉族),湖北鄂州人,副教授,主要从事高压绝缘、电气设备运行状态监测技术、气体放电和等离子体的研究工作。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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