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Article(id=1222495718967857733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1222495713427186326, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.04.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1587657600000, receivedDateStr=2020-04-24, revisedDate=1590336000000, revisedDateStr=2020-05-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769395292274, onlineDateStr=2026-01-26, pubDate=1618848000000, pubDateStr=2021-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769395292274, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769395292274, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1769395292274, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1222495713427186326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, year='2021', volume='54', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='108', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769395290953, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1770971792201, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1229108038972534891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1222495713427186326, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1229108038972534892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, issueId=1222495713427186326, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=36, endPage=40, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1222495719299207755, articleId=1222495718967857733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, language=EN, title=Contamination Characteristics of Insulators Used in UHV Converter Station Under Different Environmental Conditions, columnId=1190369198472794288, journalTitle=Insulating Materials, columnName=Insulation Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Natural contamination tests were conducted on insulators from ultra-high voltage (UHV) converter stations under four typical climate conditions, including extreme arid, semi-arid, semi-humid, humid. The inhomogeneous coefficient characteristics of contamination of the insulators were obtained, and the effects of diameter, layout, and AC/DC voltage on the contamination performance of insulators for converter stations were analyzed. The results show that the equivalent salt density (ESDD) ratio of the top and bottom surface of the insulator from Tianshan station, Lingzhou station, Zhongzhou station and Suzhou station is 1.56, 0.41, 1.26 and 1.45, respectively. Compared with the vertical post insulator, the horizontal arrangement of the wall bushing insulator has a larger area exposed to the rain, and there is obvious washing effect by the rain on the pollution of the insulator surface. The ESDD of insulators arranged horizontally at Lingzhou Station and Suzhou Station is 0.64 and 0.63 times smaller than that of insulators arranged vertically. The difference of AC/DC insulator pollution accumulation is mainly determined by electric field force, pollutant particle size, and wind speed. The AC/DC pollution accumulation ratio of post insulators from Tianshan Station, Zhongzhou Station, and Suzhou Station is 1.12, 0.84 and 0.52, respectively. With the increase of the diameter of post insulator, the ESDD increases gradually. The research results can provide data support for the external insulation design of UHV converter stations in China.

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以4类典型气候条件（极干旱、半干旱、半湿润、湿润）的特高压换流站为研究对象，开展了绝缘子自然积污试验测试。获得了4类环境条件下特高压直流工程站用绝缘子积污不均匀系数特性，分析了直径、布置方式和交直流电压对换流站绝缘子积污性能的影响。测量结果表明：天山站、灵州站、中州站和苏州站支柱绝缘子上下表面等值盐密比值分别为1.56、0.41、1.26和1.45；和垂直布置的支柱绝缘子相比，水平布置的穿墙套管绝缘子暴露在雨中的面积更大，绝缘子表面污秽受雨水冲刷效果更明显，灵州站和苏州站水平布置绝缘子等值盐密是垂直布置绝缘子的0.64倍和0.63倍；交直流绝缘子的积污差异主要由电场力、污秽物颗粒大小和风速决定，天山站、中州站和苏州站支柱绝缘子的交直流积污比分别为1.12、0.84和0.52；对于不同直径的站用支柱绝缘子，随着直径的减小，等值盐密逐渐增加。

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刘岩（1981-），男（汉族），山东菏泽人，高级工程师，研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。
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田亮（1989-），男（汉族），山西运城人，工程师，研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。

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田亮（1989-），男（汉族），山西运城人，工程师，研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。

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田亮（1989-），男（汉族），山西运城人，工程师，研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。

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articleId=1222495718967857733, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=AC and DC post insulator, figureFileSmall=BQ9PShFvWQUJFnE75E6Ryg==, figureFileBig=JX+sBiFCwic9aOI7q/0gKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243119750038012275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495718967857733, language=CN, label=图4, caption=交直流支柱绝缘子, figureFileSmall=BQ9PShFvWQUJFnE75E6Ryg==, figureFileBig=JX+sBiFCwic9aOI7q/0gKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243119750130286963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495718967857733, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=Overview of UHV converter station, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
气候地区换流站污染源类型污区等级年均降雨量/mm
极干旱新疆哈密

±800 kV

天山站

沙尘d<60
半干旱宁夏灵武

±800 kV

灵州站

沙尘、工业污染e60～200
半湿润河南中牟

±800 kV

中州站

工业污染d400～800
湿润江苏吴江

±800 kV

苏州站

工业污染d1 100
), ArticleFig(id=1243119750209978742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495718967857733, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

特高压换流站概况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
气候地区换流站污染源类型污区等级年均降雨量/mm
极干旱新疆哈密

±800 kV

天山站

沙尘d<60
半干旱宁夏灵武

±800 kV

灵州站

沙尘、工业污染e60～200
半湿润河南中牟

±800 kV

中州站

工业污染d400～800
湿润江苏吴江

±800 kV

苏州站

工业污染d1 100
), ArticleFig(id=1243119750281281912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495718967857733, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=Pollution test results of ±800 kV post insulator in different environments, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
换流站ESDD/(mg/cm2)NSDD/(mg/cm2)
平均值上、下表面积污比平均值上、下表面积污比
天山站0.051.560.365.27
灵州站0.020.410.260.39
中州站0.131.261.691.20
苏州站0.041.450.211.20
), ArticleFig(id=1243119750381945213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495718967857733, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同环境下±800 kV支柱绝缘子污秽测量结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
换流站ESDD/(mg/cm2)NSDD/(mg/cm2)
平均值上、下表面积污比平均值上、下表面积污比
天山站0.051.560.365.27
灵州站0.020.410.260.39
中州站0.131.261.691.20
苏州站0.041.450.211.20
), ArticleFig(id=1243119750499385731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495718967857733, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=Pollution test scheme of horizontal andvertical arrangement insulator, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
换流站绝缘子

布置

方式

绝缘

材质

积污期
天山站高端穿墙套管水平复合1年
±800 kV级母线支柱绝缘子垂直复合1年
灵州站高端穿墙套管水平复合1年
±800 kV级母线支柱绝缘子垂直复合1年
苏州站高端穿墙套管水平复合1年
±800 kV级母线支柱绝缘子垂直复合1年
), ArticleFig(id=1243119750616826243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495718967857733, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

水平与垂直布置绝缘子污秽测量方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
换流站绝缘子

布置

方式

绝缘

材质

积污期
天山站高端穿墙套管水平复合1年
±800 kV级母线支柱绝缘子垂直复合1年
灵州站高端穿墙套管水平复合1年
±800 kV级母线支柱绝缘子垂直复合1年
苏州站高端穿墙套管水平复合1年
±800 kV级母线支柱绝缘子垂直复合1年
), ArticleFig(id=1243119750709100935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495718967857733, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=Pollution test results of station insulator with different arrangement, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
换流站ESDD平均值/(mg/cm2)水平/垂直
高端穿墙套管±800 kV母线支柱绝缘子
天山站0.0600.0501.02
灵州站0.0250.0390.64
苏州站0.0190.0310.63
), ArticleFig(id=1243119750788792715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495718967857733, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

水平与垂直布置绝缘子污秽测量结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
换流站ESDD平均值/(mg/cm2)水平/垂直
高端穿墙套管±800 kV母线支柱绝缘子
天山站0.0600.0501.02
灵州站0.0250.0390.64
苏州站0.0190.0310.63
), ArticleFig(id=1243119750868484493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495718967857733, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=Pollution test results of AC and DC post insulator, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
换流站

直流场

绝缘子

ESDD

/(mg/cm2)

交流场

绝缘子

ESDD

/(mg/cm2)

天山站±800 kV母线支柱绝缘子0.050

750 kV支柱

绝缘子

0.056
中州站±800 kV母线支柱绝缘子0.057500 kV（220 kV）支柱绝缘子0.048
苏州站±800 kV母线支柱绝缘子0.031500 kV（220 kV）支柱绝缘子0.016
), ArticleFig(id=1243119750977536401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495718967857733, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

交直流支柱绝缘子污秽测量结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
换流站

直流场

绝缘子

ESDD

/(mg/cm2)

交流场

绝缘子

ESDD

/(mg/cm2)

天山站±800 kV母线支柱绝缘子0.050

750 kV支柱

绝缘子

0.056
中州站±800 kV母线支柱绝缘子0.057500 kV（220 kV）支柱绝缘子0.048
苏州站±800 kV母线支柱绝缘子0.031500 kV（220 kV）支柱绝缘子0.016
), ArticleFig(id=1243119751074005397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495718967857733, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=Pollution test scheme of post insulators with different diameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
换流站

支柱绝缘子

位置

平均直径

/mm

电压等级

/kV

材质

±800 kV

灵州站

分压器570800复合
平波电抗器390800复合
直流滤波电容塔340800复合
PLC电容器260800复合
), ArticleFig(id=1243119751145308568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495718967857733, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同直径支柱绝缘子污秽测量方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
换流站

支柱绝缘子

位置

平均直径

/mm

电压等级

/kV

材质

±800 kV

灵州站

分压器570800复合
平波电抗器390800复合
直流滤波电容塔340800复合
PLC电容器260800复合
), ArticleFig(id=1243119751216611739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495718967857733, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=Pollution test results of post insulators with different diameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支柱绝缘子平均直径/mmESDD平均值/(mg/cm2)
分压器5700.023
平波电抗器3900.022
直流滤波电容塔3400.037
PLC电容器2600.062
), ArticleFig(id=1243119751279526303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149653034449285133, articleId=1222495718967857733, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同直径支柱绝缘子污秽测量结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支柱绝缘子平均直径/mmESDD平均值/(mg/cm2)
分压器5700.023
平波电抗器3900.022
直流滤波电容塔3400.037
PLC电容器2600.062
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不同环境条件下特高压换流站用绝缘子积污特性研究
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田亮 1 , 刘岩 1 , 陕华平 2 , 刘世涛 3 , 李晓光 4 , 高嵩 5 , 高超 6 , 黄瑞平 1 , 颜子威 7
绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2021,54(4): 36-40
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绝缘材料 | 绝缘技术 2021, 54(4): 36-40
不同环境条件下特高压换流站用绝缘子积污特性研究
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田亮1, 刘岩1, 陕华平2, 刘世涛3, 李晓光4, 高嵩5, 高超6, 黄瑞平1, 颜子威7
作者信息
  • 1中国电力科学研究院有限公司，北京 100192
  • 2国家电网有限公司直流技术中心，北京 100052
  • 3国网宁夏电力有限公司电力科学研究院，宁夏 银川 750011
  • 4国网新疆电力有限公司电力科学研究院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 5国网江苏省电力公司电力科学研究院，江苏 南京 210029
  • 6国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院，河南 郑州 450052
  • 7中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司，广东 广州 510663

    • 田亮（1989-），男（汉族），山西运城人，工程师，研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。

通讯作者:

刘岩（1981-），男（汉族），山东菏泽人，高级工程师，研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。
Contamination Characteristics of Insulators Used in UHV Converter Station Under Different Environmental Conditions
Liang TIAN1, Yan LIU1, Huaping SHAN2, Shitao LIU3, Xiaoguang LI4, Song GAO5, Chao GAO6, Ruiping HUANG1, Ziwei YAN7
Affiliations
  • 1State Grid China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
  • 2DC Technical Center of State Grid Corporation of China, Beijing 100052, China
  • 3Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 750011, China
  • 4Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830011, China
  • 5State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
  • 6Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Henan Electric Power Company, Zhengzhou 450052, China
  • 7China Energy Engineering Group Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
出版时间: 2021-04-20 doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.04.007
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摘要
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以4类典型气候条件（极干旱、半干旱、半湿润、湿润）的特高压换流站为研究对象，开展了绝缘子自然积污试验测试。获得了4类环境条件下特高压直流工程站用绝缘子积污不均匀系数特性，分析了直径、布置方式和交直流电压对换流站绝缘子积污性能的影响。测量结果表明：天山站、灵州站、中州站和苏州站支柱绝缘子上下表面等值盐密比值分别为1.56、0.41、1.26和1.45；和垂直布置的支柱绝缘子相比，水平布置的穿墙套管绝缘子暴露在雨中的面积更大，绝缘子表面污秽受雨水冲刷效果更明显，灵州站和苏州站水平布置绝缘子等值盐密是垂直布置绝缘子的0.64倍和0.63倍；交直流绝缘子的积污差异主要由电场力、污秽物颗粒大小和风速决定，天山站、中州站和苏州站支柱绝缘子的交直流积污比分别为1.12、0.84和0.52；对于不同直径的站用支柱绝缘子，随着直径的减小，等值盐密逐渐增加。

特高压换流站  /  支柱绝缘子  /  套管  /  气象环境  /  积污特性

Natural contamination tests were conducted on insulators from ultra-high voltage (UHV) converter stations under four typical climate conditions, including extreme arid, semi-arid, semi-humid, humid. The inhomogeneous coefficient characteristics of contamination of the insulators were obtained, and the effects of diameter, layout, and AC/DC voltage on the contamination performance of insulators for converter stations were analyzed. The results show that the equivalent salt density (ESDD) ratio of the top and bottom surface of the insulator from Tianshan station, Lingzhou station, Zhongzhou station and Suzhou station is 1.56, 0.41, 1.26 and 1.45, respectively. Compared with the vertical post insulator, the horizontal arrangement of the wall bushing insulator has a larger area exposed to the rain, and there is obvious washing effect by the rain on the pollution of the insulator surface. The ESDD of insulators arranged horizontally at Lingzhou Station and Suzhou Station is 0.64 and 0.63 times smaller than that of insulators arranged vertically. The difference of AC/DC insulator pollution accumulation is mainly determined by electric field force, pollutant particle size, and wind speed. The AC/DC pollution accumulation ratio of post insulators from Tianshan Station, Zhongzhou Station, and Suzhou Station is 1.12, 0.84 and 0.52, respectively. With the increase of the diameter of post insulator, the ESDD increases gradually. The research results can provide data support for the external insulation design of UHV converter stations in China.

UHV converter station  /  post insulator  /  bushing  /  meteorological environment  /  contamination characteristic
田亮, 刘岩, 陕华平, 刘世涛, 李晓光, 高嵩, 高超, 黄瑞平, 颜子威. 不同环境条件下特高压换流站用绝缘子积污特性研究. 绝缘材料, 2021 , 54 (4) : 36 -40 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.04.007
Liang TIAN, Yan LIU, Huaping SHAN, Shitao LIU, Xiaoguang LI, Song GAO, Chao GAO, Ruiping HUANG, Ziwei YAN. Contamination Characteristics of Insulators Used in UHV Converter Station Under Different Environmental Conditions[J]. Insulating Materials, 2021 , 54 (4) : 36 -40 . DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.04.007
正文
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0 引言
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输变电设备外绝缘污闪事故严重威胁着电力系统的安全性，合理确定输变电设备的外绝缘配置对提高工程的可靠性和经济性具有重要意义［1-2］。随着我国特高压直流工程的大规模建设，特高压输变电设备的防污闪措施引起广泛重视［3-4］。
绝缘子的自然积污是发生污闪的首要条件，是外绝缘设计与选型的基础。特高压直流工程跨越多个气候区，不同气候条件下绝缘子积污差异较大，我国早期的特高压直流工程设计中因缺乏不同气候环境条件下特高压直流工程的积污数据，关键的积污参数多参照交流工程选取。目前国内绝缘子积污特性的研究大多集中在线路绝缘子上［5-6］，虽然对换流站用绝缘子自然积污特性开展了一定的研究［9-16］，但相关研究多在南方湿润地区，且多为 ±500 kV换流站，研究成果无法直接指导不同气候环境下±800 kV特高压换流站的外绝缘设计。
为获得不同气象环境条件下特高压换流站用绝缘子自然积污特性，本研究通过开展不同降雨气象环境下（极干旱、半干旱、半湿润、湿润）特高压换流站用绝缘子的自然积污试验，获得4种典型气象环境地区绝缘子的积污特性参数，针对不同因素对绝缘子表面积污水平的影响进行全面的对比分析，为合理确定不同环境地区特高压换流站的外绝缘设计提供数据支持。
1 测量方案
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1.1 测点选择
分别选取新疆、宁夏、河南和江苏境内已投运的±800 kV天山站、灵州站、中州站和江苏站作为研究对象，开展不同环境条件下换流站用绝缘子的自然积污特性研究，各换流站积污期均为1年，换流站概况如表1所示。
1.2 绝缘子污秽取样方法
绝缘子污秽取样在换流站停电检修期间进行，对换流站用支柱绝缘子和套管的高压侧、中部、接地侧各取一组完整伞裙进行测试，取测量数据平均值作为测量结果。换流站用绝缘子积污测试现场如图1所示。
绝缘子的表面污秽度分上、下表面分别测量，换流站用支柱绝缘子上、下表面的分界方法如图2所示。
1.3 绝缘子污秽度测量方法
对换流站用绝缘子采用专业取样布擦拭与水洗方法对污秽进行取样，取样步骤和测量方法均按照GB/T 26218.1—2010的规定执行。
2 测量结果与分析
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2.1 换流站用支柱绝缘子上下表面积污不均匀度分析
以4种环境下特高压换流站800 kV刀闸支柱绝缘子为研究对象分析不同环境下的积污差异，支柱绝缘子均为复合表面，积污期均为1年。测量结果如表2所示。
从表2可以看出，天山站、中州站和苏州站上下表面等值盐密（ESDD）比值为1.26～1.56，平均值为1.42，上、下表面等值灰密（NSDD）比值为1.20～5.27，平均值为2.56，即换流站支柱绝缘子上表面积污较下表面严重，这与线路悬式绝缘子的积污情况相反［5-8］，造成此现象的原因有以下几个方面：线路悬式绝缘子和换流站支柱绝缘子结构不同，不同于支柱绝缘子上、下表面都较平整光滑，线路悬式绝缘子下表面有较深的凹槽，存在较强湍流，污秽更易附着；支柱绝缘子离地面较近，积污主要以沉降方式进行，导致其上表面积污更重；支柱绝缘子伞间距较小，雨水对上表面的冲刷清洗效果不如悬式绝缘子明显。灵州站换流站支柱绝缘子上表面污秽度小于下表面，这可能与测试的前一日刚下过一场雨，导致支柱绝缘子上表面污秽物流失有关。
另外，天山站灰密不均匀系数显著大于其他站，这可能与天山站所处的戈壁环境中沙尘较大有关。
2.2 水平与垂直布置换流站用绝缘子积污特性差异分析
选取±800 kV天山站、灵州站和苏州站开展水平与垂直布置换流站用绝缘子积污特性差异研究，测量方案如表3所示，两种布置方式的换流站用绝缘子如图3所示，测量结果如表4所示。由表4可知，灵州站和苏州站水平布置的套管ESDD均明显小于垂直布置的支柱绝缘子，水平与垂直布置的ESDD比值分别为0.64和0.63。天山站水平布置的套管ESDD略大于垂直布置的支柱绝缘子，水平与垂直布置的ESDD比值为1.02。
降雨对绝缘子的积污情况有较大影响，和垂直布置的支柱绝缘子相比，水平布置的穿墙套管暴露在雨中的面积更大，受雨水冲刷效果更明显，其积污特性与垂直支柱绝缘子或套管有明显差异。处于极干旱地区的天山换流站因为降雨较少，雨水对绝缘子积污的影响较小，水平套管和垂直支柱绝缘子积污差异不大。相比之下，半干旱地区的灵州换流站和湿润地区的苏州换流站，支柱与水平套管的积污差异较大。
2.3 交直流支柱绝缘子积污特性差异分析
选取天山站、中州站和江苏站开展交直流站用支柱绝缘子积污特性差异研究，选取的绝缘子均为垂直布置，均为复合材质，积污期均为1年，测试绝缘子如图4所示。对3个换流站交直流支柱绝缘子进行了污秽度测试，测量结果如表5所示。
由表5可知，天山站交流支柱绝缘子的ESDD稍大于直流支柱绝缘子，交直流积污比为1.12。中州站和苏州站交流支柱绝缘子的ESDD明显小于直流支柱绝缘子，交直流积污比分别为0.84和0.52。
污秽物微粒在绝缘子表面的沉积主要受电场力、重力和风力的共同影响。在直流电压作用下，带电微粒受到恒定电场力的作用，而在交流电场作用下，带电微粒受到交变电场的作用，因此一般情况下，直流绝缘子的积污比交流绝缘子严重［17］。
天山站支柱绝缘子主要受沙尘污染影响，污秽物颗粒物较大，且风速较大，电场力作用对绝缘子积污的影响较小，导致交流直流积污差别不大。中州站和苏州站支柱绝缘子受工业污染影响，污秽物颗粒较小，且风速较小，交直流电场力对污秽微粒的沉积影响更明显，因此中州站和苏州站直流绝缘子积污比交流绝缘子更重。
2.4 不同平均直径的支柱绝缘子（或套管）积污特性差异分析
在半干旱地区±800 kV灵州换流站开展不同直径支柱绝缘子积污特性差异研究，支柱绝缘子积污期均为1年，具体测量方案如表6所示。对灵州换流站不同直径绝缘子ESDD进行了测量，测量结果如表7所示。
由表7可知，对于换流站用支柱绝缘子，随着直径的增大，ESDD平均值逐渐减小。这是因为随着支柱绝缘子平均直径的增大，其表面风阻系数减小，导致绝缘子表面污秽度减小。
3 结论
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（1）特高压换流站用支柱绝缘子的上、下表面积污不均匀度与线路悬式绝缘子有一定差异，不同环境条件下支柱绝缘子灰密不均匀系数差异较小，而天山站灰密不均匀系数显著大于其他站，这与天山站所处的戈壁环境中沙尘较大有关。
（2）降雨影响是导致换流站内水平套管与垂直支柱绝缘子积污特性差异的原因。天山换流站因降雨量极少，水平套管和垂直支柱绝缘子的积污特性差异较小，灵州站和苏州站因降雨的影响，水平套管的等值盐密均显著低于垂直支柱绝缘子等值盐密。
（3）交直流绝缘子的积污差异主要由电场力、污秽物颗粒尺寸和风速决定。天山站支柱绝缘子由于沙尘污染的影响，污秽物颗粒较大，且风速较大，电场力作用对绝缘子积污的影响较小，导致交、直流绝缘子的积污特性差别不大。中州站和苏州站支柱绝缘子受工业污染影响，污秽物颗粒较小，且风速较小，交、直流电场力对污秽微粒的沉积影响更明显，导致直流绝缘子积污比交流绝缘子更严重。
（4）对于不同直径的换流站用支柱绝缘子，随着直径的增大，等值盐密逐渐减小。这是因为随着支柱绝缘子平均直径的增大，其表面风阻系数减小，导致绝缘子表面污秽度减小。
基金
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  • 国家电网有限公司总部科技项目(GY7117009)
文献
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2021年第54卷第4期
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doi: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.04.007
  • 接收时间：2020-04-24
  • 首发时间：2026-01-26
  • 出版时间：2021-04-20
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  • 收稿日期：2020-04-24
  • 修回日期：2020-05-25
基金
国家电网有限公司总部科技项目(GY7117009)
作者信息
    1中国电力科学研究院有限公司，北京 100192
    2国家电网有限公司直流技术中心，北京 100052
    3国网宁夏电力有限公司电力科学研究院，宁夏 银川 750011
    4国网新疆电力有限公司电力科学研究院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
    5国网江苏省电力公司电力科学研究院，江苏 南京 210029
    6国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院，河南 郑州 450052
    7中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司，广东 广州 510663

通讯作者:

刘岩（1981-），男（汉族），山东菏泽人，高级工程师，研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jycl/CN/10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2021.04.007
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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