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The bearing section of the work roll neck often suffers burnout failure due to bearing seizure, and additive manufacturing is usually used in the field to repair it. Life prediction of the repaired roll neck is the key to predict the safe service of the work roll in the field production and carry out overhaul,but there is a lack of research on the related issues. In view of the above problems, the stress analysis and multi-axis life prediction of the working roll neck bearing section of the four-high mill were carried out. Based on the SIMS model and the influence function method, the rolling force and the stress between the rolls were calculated. The moment balance equation of the roll neck end was established in the bearing section,and the bending stress model of the roll neck bearing section was established. The deformation resistance was regarded as the plastic deformation energy per unit volume to calculate the rolling torque in the deformation zone, and the torsional shear stress model of the roll neck bearing section was established. Using the first strength theory, the equivalent stress was obtained by combining the bending stress and the torsional shear stress. On the basis of proving the calculation accuracy of the model,the multi-axis fatigue model was used to predict the fatigue life of the roll neck bearing section, and compared with the service life of the actual roll in the production line. The results show that the stress calculation model of the working roll neck bearing section of the four-high mill is in line with the actual stress state of the roll neck. The error between the expected service life predicted by the theoretical model and the actual service life is less than 20%, which meets the actual engineering error requirements.

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QIN Xiaofeng, E-mail:
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工作辊辊颈轴承段经常因轴承卡死等出现烧伤失效问题,现场通常采用增材制造的方式进行修复,对修复后的辊颈进行寿命预测是现场生产预估工作辊安全服役并进行检修的关键,但目前缺乏针对相关问题的研究。针对上述问题,对四辊轧机工作辊辊颈轴承段进行了应力分析和多轴寿命预测。基于西姆斯(SIMS)模型和影响函数法计算得到了轧制力和辊间应力,在轴承段取矩建立辊颈端力矩平衡方程,建立了辊颈轴承段弯曲应力模型。将变形抗力视为单位体积的塑性变形能,计算得到了变形区的轧制力矩,建立了辊颈轴承段扭转切应力模型。使用第一强度理论,联立弯曲应力和扭转切应力得到了等效应力。选用多轴疲劳模型,在证明模型计算精度的基础上,对辊颈轴承段进行了疲劳寿命预测,并与实际轧辊在生产线的服役寿命进行了对比。结果表明,该四辊轧机工作辊辊颈轴承段应力计算模型符合实际的辊颈应力状态,理论模型预测得到的服役寿命与实际服役寿命相比,误差小于20%,满足工程实际误差的要求。

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秦晓峰,男,1987年生,山西吕梁人,博士,副教授;主要研究方向为轧辊全寿命服役关键技术、疲劳强度;E-mail:
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靳凯,男,1999年生,山西太原人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为轧辊全寿命服役关键技术;E-mail:

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靳凯,男,1999年生,山西太原人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为轧辊全寿命服役关键技术;E-mail:

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靳凯,男,1999年生,山西太原人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为轧辊全寿命服役关键技术;E-mail:

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figureFileSmall=lpZk7lw53aPIHxObzOQIBg==, figureFileBig=Tk94ZNg2+l9KRoy/clAkhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241699567339622996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699539392975461, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Partial fatigue tensile test data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
Number
拉伸应力
Tensile stress σT/MPa
循环次数
Cycle times N
1200286 423
2200309 984
3200342 538
4240127 467
5240103 214
624075 822
728036 141
828026 845
928021 104
), ArticleFig(id=1241699567402537557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699539392975461, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

部分疲劳拉伸试验数据

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编号
Number
拉伸应力
Tensile stress σT/MPa
循环次数
Cycle times N
1200286 423
2200309 984
3200342 538
4240127 467
5240103 214
624075 822
728036 141
828026 845
928021 104
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Contrast of life

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拉伸应力Tensile stress σT /MPaS-N中值寿命
S-N median life N0
多轴疲劳寿命
Multi-axial fatigue life N1
寿命误差
Life error ψ/%
200320 377298 6316.79
24094 847105 51311.24
28028 07926 0147.35
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寿命对比

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拉伸应力Tensile stress σT /MPaS-N中值寿命
S-N median life N0
多轴疲劳寿命
Multi-axial fatigue life N1
寿命误差
Life error ψ/%
200320 377298 6316.79
24094 847105 51311.24
28028 07926 0147.35
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Stress spectrum of the working roll neck bearing section of a four-high mill in a production line

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区间
Interval
弯曲应力
Bending stress σ/MPa
扭转切应力
Torsional shear stress τ/MPa
等效应力
Equivalent stress σe/MPa
W1Y566.064 64.411 366.504 5
W2Y564.448 34.652 564.949 6
W3Y565.020 15.075 765.611 2
W4Y571.902 16.035 072.657 2
W5Y566.847 26.350 667.745 2
W6Y565.090 26.950 766.193 1
W7Y567.7247.696 169.022 1
W8Y570.7138.411 372.196 7
W9Y571.265 88.689 372.836 1
W10Y571.017 89.202 972.782 9
W11Y572.464 49.805 274.425 9
W12Y576.008 610.161 678.017 7
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某生产线四辊轧机工作辊辊颈轴承段应力谱

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区间
Interval
弯曲应力
Bending stress σ/MPa
扭转切应力
Torsional shear stress τ/MPa
等效应力
Equivalent stress σe/MPa
W1Y566.064 64.411 366.504 5
W2Y564.448 34.652 564.949 6
W3Y565.020 15.075 765.611 2
W4Y571.902 16.035 072.657 2
W5Y566.847 26.350 667.745 2
W6Y565.090 26.950 766.193 1
W7Y567.7247.696 169.022 1
W8Y570.7138.411 372.196 7
W9Y571.265 88.689 372.836 1
W10Y571.017 89.202 972.782 9
W11Y572.464 49.805 274.425 9
W12Y576.008 610.161 678.017 7
), ArticleFig(id=1241699567796802138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699539392975461, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Cycle times calculation

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区间
Interval
辊颈循环次数
Roll neck cycle times nwk
多轴疲劳寿命
Multiaxial fatigue life N1
寿命误差
Life error ψ/%
W1Y526 51622 86813.76
W2Y526 15121 90816.22
W3Y525 29923 3517.70
W4Y524 74821 32313.84
W5Y524 91525 9654.22
W6Y524 48820 58015.96
W7Y523 56324 3663.41
W8Y523 73825 0055.34
W9Y521 51723 2367.99
W10Y521 57218 69913.32
W11Y521 84523 3576.92
W12Y523 58721 5638.58
), ArticleFig(id=1241699567880688219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699539392975461, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

循环次数计算

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区间
Interval
辊颈循环次数
Roll neck cycle times nwk
多轴疲劳寿命
Multiaxial fatigue life N1
寿命误差
Life error ψ/%
W1Y526 51622 86813.76
W2Y526 15121 90816.22
W3Y525 29923 3517.70
W4Y524 74821 32313.84
W5Y524 91525 9654.22
W6Y524 48820 58015.96
W7Y523 56324 3663.41
W8Y523 73825 0055.34
W9Y521 51723 2367.99
W10Y521 57218 69913.32
W11Y521 84523 3576.92
W12Y523 58721 5638.58
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基于应变能的工作辊辊颈轴承段多轴疲劳寿命预测方法
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靳凯 1 , 秦晓峰 1 , 王永 1 , 瞿海霞 2 , 李硕杰 1 , 秦卓扬 1 , 谢苇航 1 , 马飞扬 1
机械强度 | ·疲劳·损伤·断裂·失效分析· 2025,47(4): 1-8
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机械强度 | ·疲劳·损伤·断裂·失效分析· 2025, 47(4): 1-8
基于应变能的工作辊辊颈轴承段多轴疲劳寿命预测方法
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靳凯1 , 秦晓峰1 , 王永1, 瞿海霞2, 李硕杰1, 秦卓扬1, 谢苇航1, 马飞扬1
作者信息
  • 1.太原理工大学 机械与运载工程学院,太原 030002
  • 2.宝山钢铁股份有限公司 中央研究院,上海 201900
  • 靳凯,男,1999年生,山西太原人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为轧辊全寿命服役关键技术;E-mail:

通讯作者:

秦晓峰,男,1987年生,山西吕梁人,博士,副教授;主要研究方向为轧辊全寿命服役关键技术、疲劳强度;E-mail:
Multi-axial fatigue life prediction method of working roll neck bearing section based on strain energy
Kai JIN1 , Xiaofeng QIN1 , Yong WANG1, Haixia QU2, Shuojie LI1, Zhuoyang QIN1, Weihang XIE1, Feiyang MA1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030002, China
  • 2.Central Research Institute, Baoshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. , Shanghai 201900, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.001
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工作辊辊颈轴承段经常因轴承卡死等出现烧伤失效问题,现场通常采用增材制造的方式进行修复,对修复后的辊颈进行寿命预测是现场生产预估工作辊安全服役并进行检修的关键,但目前缺乏针对相关问题的研究。针对上述问题,对四辊轧机工作辊辊颈轴承段进行了应力分析和多轴寿命预测。基于西姆斯(SIMS)模型和影响函数法计算得到了轧制力和辊间应力,在轴承段取矩建立辊颈端力矩平衡方程,建立了辊颈轴承段弯曲应力模型。将变形抗力视为单位体积的塑性变形能,计算得到了变形区的轧制力矩,建立了辊颈轴承段扭转切应力模型。使用第一强度理论,联立弯曲应力和扭转切应力得到了等效应力。选用多轴疲劳模型,在证明模型计算精度的基础上,对辊颈轴承段进行了疲劳寿命预测,并与实际轧辊在生产线的服役寿命进行了对比。结果表明,该四辊轧机工作辊辊颈轴承段应力计算模型符合实际的辊颈应力状态,理论模型预测得到的服役寿命与实际服役寿命相比,误差小于20%,满足工程实际误差的要求。

四辊轧机  /  工作辊辊颈轴承段  /  多轴疲劳  /  寿命预测

The bearing section of the work roll neck often suffers burnout failure due to bearing seizure, and additive manufacturing is usually used in the field to repair it. Life prediction of the repaired roll neck is the key to predict the safe service of the work roll in the field production and carry out overhaul,but there is a lack of research on the related issues. In view of the above problems, the stress analysis and multi-axis life prediction of the working roll neck bearing section of the four-high mill were carried out. Based on the SIMS model and the influence function method, the rolling force and the stress between the rolls were calculated. The moment balance equation of the roll neck end was established in the bearing section,and the bending stress model of the roll neck bearing section was established. The deformation resistance was regarded as the plastic deformation energy per unit volume to calculate the rolling torque in the deformation zone, and the torsional shear stress model of the roll neck bearing section was established. Using the first strength theory, the equivalent stress was obtained by combining the bending stress and the torsional shear stress. On the basis of proving the calculation accuracy of the model,the multi-axis fatigue model was used to predict the fatigue life of the roll neck bearing section, and compared with the service life of the actual roll in the production line. The results show that the stress calculation model of the working roll neck bearing section of the four-high mill is in line with the actual stress state of the roll neck. The error between the expected service life predicted by the theoretical model and the actual service life is less than 20%, which meets the actual engineering error requirements.

Four-high mill  /  Work roll neck bearing section  /  Multi-axis fatigue  /  Life prediction
靳凯, 秦晓峰, 王永, 瞿海霞, 李硕杰, 秦卓扬, 谢苇航, 马飞扬. 基于应变能的工作辊辊颈轴承段多轴疲劳寿命预测方法. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (4) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.001
Kai JIN, Xiaofeng QIN, Yong WANG, Haixia QU, Shuojie LI, Zhuoyang QIN, Weihang XIE, Feiyang MA. Multi-axial fatigue life prediction method of working roll neck bearing section based on strain energy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (4) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.001
轧辊是使轧件产生塑性变形的轧制工具[1],是生产带钢产品的四辊、六辊和二十辊轧机的核心部件,其运行状态不仅直接影响成品带钢的质量,更与轧制工序的经济效益密切相关。
在实际服役生产过程中,工作辊处于辊间接触应力、轧辊与带钢间接触应力、输入端的扭转切应力及机加工带来的残余应力等复杂应力的作用下[2]。在正常生产中,更多地关注因接触应力引起的工作辊接触疲劳问题,而对于辊颈等部位的服役强度及服役情况关注较少。但实际运行中,由于轴承卡死、辊颈部位烧伤等问题时有发生,现场通常采用激光熔覆等增材修复方式对辊颈部位进行修复,所以如何合理评估和预测修复后工作辊辊颈轴承段的服役强度和寿命对保障现场安全生产具有重要的意义。
轧制生产中,轧辊接触点的次表面应力场为典型的多轴应力状态,多轴疲劳破坏是其主要的失效形式[3]。为了预测机械部件在多轴循环加载下的疲劳寿命,各国科研工作者提出了大量的多轴疲劳寿命模型预测方法,主要分为三类:等效应力应变法[4]、能量法[5]和临界面法[6]。这就需要选用合适的多轴疲劳准则来评估疲劳寿命。其中,临界面法根据加载过程中裂纹形核和扩展的试验现象观察发展而来,有良好的寿命评估能力和明确的物理意义[7],因此得到了广泛的应用。
本文结合某生产线四辊轧机的实际情况,以力学理论为基础,推导了四辊轧机辊颈轴承段的应力计算模型。在此基础上结合工作辊辊颈轴承段的应力状态和疲劳理论,选择临界面法,基于应变能的多轴疲劳寿命模型建立了四辊轧机工作辊辊颈轴承段的疲劳寿命预测模型,对现场修复后工作辊辊颈轴承段进行了服役寿命预测,保障了现场轧机的服役安全。
四辊轧机轧制过程具有对称性,为降低模型的复杂程度,选用1/2模型进行分析[8]。工作辊在辊系中的受力如图1所示。其中,F (x)为轧制过程中带钢与工作辊之间存在的轧制力,kN;P(x)为工作辊与支撑辊之间存在的辊间压力,MPa;Fb为工作辊受到液压弯辊施加的弯辊力,kN。通过液压缸施加工作辊窜辊以更好地控制板形。
应力状态分析中需要重点关注辊颈服役性能的关键应力、应力水平及其循环特性。根据已有对辊系受力的有限元分析结果可知,辊颈部位的受力主要包含扭转切应力和弯曲引起的拉伸主应力,且切应力水平较低。因此,可根据强度理论,将切应力和弯曲引起的拉伸主应力等效换算为拉伸主应力。对弯曲产生的拉应力进行修正,作为疲劳性能测试和服役安全评估的关键应力,然后进行疲劳性能评价。
现有的辊系弹性变形理论模型中,大都将作用于支承辊辊颈的左、右轧制力与作用于工作辊辊颈的左、右弯辊力作为集中载荷作用于辊颈处。实际轧制力与弯辊力是通过轴承作用于辊颈上的,轴承内圈与辊颈为面接触,两者过盈配合。可将内圈与辊颈视为一体,因此把轴颈所受面载荷处理为均布载荷更接近实际情况,辊颈受力为面载荷[9]。根据图1所示的工作辊受力简化模型,对工作辊辊颈进行应力状态分析。
在来料规格基本稳定的情况下,轧机中轧辊所受的载荷主要由轧制特定产品所施加的轧制力决定[10]67-80。目前热轧带钢轧制力计算模型中,西姆斯(SIMS)轧制力模型的应用最为广泛,其考虑在轧件没有凸度的情况下,忽略了张应力的影响[11]23。本文基于SIMS模型进行分析。其模型表达式为
式中,F为轧制力;B为带钢宽度;ld为接触弧长;Qp为应力状态影响系数;σ为材料的平均变形阻力。ldQp计算式分别为
由Hitchcock公式得到更新后的压扁半径,为
式中,R'为考虑弹性压扁的轧辊半径;R为轧辊初始半径;Kw为Hitchcock常量;E为工作辊的弹性模量;ε为压下率;Δh为压下量;ν为工作辊的泊松比;Hh分别为轧件的入口厚度、出口厚度;hγ为中性角处轧件的厚度;γ为中性角;Hm为轧件平均厚度。
利用SIMS模型计算轧制力时,需要求解考虑弹性压扁的轧辊半径,而计算考虑弹性压扁的轧辊半径又需要知道轧制力,解决这一问题采用迭代计算[11]24,收敛常数μ通常取值为0.001,其迭代计算流程如图2所示。
使用王国栋等[12]基于弹性力学推导的轧辊压扁影响函数法对工作辊进行离散化,考虑窜辊的影响,图3为四辊轧机工作辊受力简图。
工作辊在轧制过程中的受力可以归结为以下几种受力:支承辊与工作辊的辊间分布压力fiu、工作辊与轧件间的分布轧制力fjd(即将SIMS模型计算得到的轧制力离散化)、工作辊左端和右端的轴承提供的支反力FaFb。其中,fiu经平滑指数法和割线法修正后呈“鞍形”分布,而在假设出口板型分布为平均分布的基础上,fjd也为平均分布。fiufjd单位为kN/mm,FaFb单位为kN。支承辊与工作辊的辊间分布压力fiu计算流程图,如图4所示。
按照文献[13]中的方法计算流程图中涉及的弹性变形矩阵。图4中,Gw为切变模量;Gb为支承辊弯曲影响函数矩阵;GF为工作辊弯辊力影响函数矩阵;Yb为支承辊挠度向量;Yw为工作辊弯曲挠度向量;Q为辊间接触压力向量;Fw为弯辊力;Ywb为辊间压扁量离散化后向量;Ywb0为轧辊中心处工作辊和支承辊之间的压扁量;YbYw分别为支承辊和工作辊弯曲变形向量;MbMw分别为支承辊和工作辊的凸度向量;Gwb为辊间压扁影响函数;Δq为辊间接触压力变化值;ε1为辊间单元间压力差值,10-4 kN/mm;ε2为辊系受力平衡判断值,取值为10-3 kN。
已知两端支撑间距离为L,窜辊行程量为S,每个单元宽度为w,支承辊与工作辊的辊间接触单元个数为nu,工作辊与轧件间的接触单元个数为nd
1)求解支反力。对力作用点取矩,即
化简后,有
Fb侧同理。
2)弯矩分析。在分析弯矩时,由于轴承宽度相对于辊颈长度不可忽略,因此不能把轴承处的支反力视为点力,而应视为均布力。如图5所示,设轴承外端面到工作辊阶梯侧面的长度为lc,单个轴承宽度为b0,以Fa侧阶梯侧面为例建立图5所示坐标系,分析lc段。
此时有
横截面位置在轴承总宽度范围内,如图6所示,以轴承端侧面向上为y轴正方向,支承端圆柱中心向右为x轴正方向建立直角坐标系。设横截面所在位置为xc,当0≤xc≤2b0时,以横截面左侧段为研究对象,弯矩计算式为
横截面位置在轴承总宽度范围外,如图7所示,以轴承端侧面向上为y轴正方向,支承端圆柱中心向右为x轴正方向建立直角坐标系。设横截面所在位置为xc,则当2b0 < xclc时,以横截面左侧段为研究对象,弯矩计算式为
综上所述,lc段上的弯矩为
则可知,Mamax = Fa (lc - b0 )在xc = lc处取得。轴承段承受的最大弯矩,在xc = 2b0处取得。
由于四辊受力的对称性,Fb侧的分析与Fa侧镜像。可知,两侧的最大弯矩都在轴肩处取得,且其计算式为
最大弯曲应力为
式中,W为截面模量;d为工作辊辊颈直径。
引入轧制力功系数为
此时轧制力公式可简化为
如果将变形抗力视为单位体积的塑性变形能,则1.15σ(BldHm )为变形区中总的塑性变形能,FΔh为轧制力功[14]。此时轧制力矩模型公式可写为
式中,φ为力臂系数。热轧时,φ在0.39~0.48。
辊颈轴承段的扭转切应力为
式中,T为输入转矩;W0为截面系数。
在一定的变形条件下,当受力物体内一点的等效应力达到某一定值时,该点就开始进入塑性状态[15]。等效应力考虑了第1、第2、第3应力,可以用来对疲劳、破坏等进行评价[16],它用应力等值线来表示模型内部的应力分布情况。对于铸铁轧辊,选用第一强度理论,考察绝对值最大的主应力。
von Mises应力公式为
根据第一强度理论,第1、2、3主应力σ1σ2σ3分别为
基于前文对辊颈轴承段的应力分析,辊颈所受力的方向均为竖直方向,将式(17)、式(21)与第一强度理论公式联立,并代入式(22)中,化简得到等效应力为
根据已有的机械零部件疲劳寿命评估理论和发展趋势,对于寿命预测,可结合实际工况进行应力分析,编制工作载荷谱,确定合理的疲劳模型用于后续服役中的寿命预测。
临界面法同时考虑了应力应变的大小及方向,更具有物理意义,也更接近真实情况[17]。本文选择采用刘俭辉等[18]的方法确定临界面,并基于应变能进行多轴疲劳寿命分析。
现有的模型中大都考虑了平均正应力的影响,如现在已经被疲劳软件采用的莫罗(MORROW)模型[19][式(27)]和Smith-Watson-Topper(SWT)模型[20][式(28)],都考虑了平均正应力修正。
式中,εa为正应变幅;为疲劳强度系数;σm为平均正应力;Nf为疲劳寿命;bc分别为疲劳强度指数和疲劳延性指数;为疲劳延性系数。
平均应力对弹塑性阶段的影响是不一样的,弹塑性阶段都需要平均应力修正,但弹性阶段修正力度要大于塑性阶段,SWT模型对平均正应力的修正没有考虑这一点。而MORROW模型平均应力修正模式恰好与SWT模型相反,只进行了弹性阶段的修正,与SWT模型互补[21]。将MORROW模型代入SWT模型并整理得到正应变能疲劳表达式,为
式中,σa为正应力幅。
GLINKA模型[22]和CHEN模型[23]综合考虑了关键平面上的正应力应变、剪应力应变的影响,剪应变能部分基本公式可表示为
考虑平均应力和正应力对单轴扭转疲劳的影响,分别在弹塑性阶段引入平均剪应力,在损伤参量中引入正应力修正参数[24]23-24,将式(30)修正为
式中,为正应力修正参数;为剪切疲劳强度系数;b'c'分别为剪切疲劳强度指数和剪切疲劳延性指数;为剪切疲劳延性系数;G为剪切模量;τa为剪应力幅;τm为平均剪应力。
将正应变能部分和剪应变能部分结合,得到
考虑到非比例强化效应及多轴作用,引入参数修正非比例效应,用临界面上的最大正应力而非平均应力来进行多轴效应的修正,同时引入大于1的修正参数P[24]25-26对剪应变能进行修正,公式可修正为
式中,分别为临界面状态下的正应变幅和正应力幅;P为剪应变能修正系数,通常在1.0~1.5;分别为临界面上的剪应变幅和剪应力幅;σn,m为临界面上平均正应力;为疲劳强度系数;E为弹性模量;Nf为疲劳寿命;bc分别为疲劳强度指数和疲劳延性指数;为疲劳延性系数;为剪切疲劳强度系数;τn,m为临界面上的平均剪应力;G为剪切模量;为剪切疲劳延性系数。
为进行上述多轴疲劳模型的验证,参考引用文献[2523-26中的疲劳拉伸试验参数和结果。
1)疲劳数据处理。部分疲劳拉伸试验数据如表1所示。
使用肖维勒准则确定数据中没有坏值后,参考GB/T 24176—2009[26],利用线性的数学模型分析S-N关系,令s = στ
S-N曲线表达式为
拟合优度为
式中,N为循环次数;si为拉伸应力;为拟合S-N曲线后的应力值;为平均应力。
2)寿命对比。编写多轴疲劳模型的程序,将文献[2523-26中试验参数代入,将程序计算结果填入表2中。现将试验数据和程序计算结果进行汇总作图并比较,如图8所示。
图8可知,在相同拉伸应力作用下,程序计算得到的数据点均处于试验数据点包裹之中,且两条拟合线相交。现利用S-N曲线计算中值寿命,与程序结果进行对比,并定义寿命误差ψ,如表2所示。
多轴疲劳模型计算寿命与试验材料S-N曲线中寿命值相比误差均在15%之内,满足工程实际要求,说明模型可用,有一定准确性和适用性。
以第1、第2节建立的应力模型和寿命预测模型为基础,参考文献[1067-80中的方法建立应力谱,以板宽和压下率划分区间。本算例划分带钢规格宽度区间边界尺寸矩阵为W∈[800,900,1 000,1 100,1 200,1 300,1 400,1 500,1 600,1 700,1 800,1 900],压下率区间边界尺寸矩阵为Y∈[0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7]。区间按前述模型方法编号为WiYj。对计算流程编制程序,代入轧机基本参数,将计算结果填入表3中。
已知轧制长度为LA,则工作辊循环次数为
式中,dw为工作辊直径。
故工作辊辊颈循环次数为
基于式(38)和第2.1节中的循环次数计算方法,将计算结果填入表4中。
表4可知,本文第2节多轴疲劳模型循环次数预测与现场服役寿命相比误差均在20%以内,预测偏离程度很小,表现出了良好的稳定性、准确性和适用性。
现场对于因轴承卡死等引起的辊颈轴承段失效问题通常采用增材制造方式进行修复,修复部位寿命评估的研究对保障修复后轧辊的安全服役具有重要意义。为了更准确地评估辊颈轴承段修复后的服役强度和寿命,以四辊轧机辊系结构为例,推导了辊颈轴承段应力的计算模型,并使用多轴疲劳模型对修复轴承段进行了寿命预测,得出以下结论:
1)基于力学理论知识,建立了四辊轧机工作辊辊颈轴承段弯曲应力、扭转切应力、等效应力的计算模型。
2)通过试验数据确定了多轴疲劳寿命模型参数,结合试验数据对模型寿命预测的精度进行了验证。预测寿命与试验结果相对误差小于20%,符合工程实际要求。
3)以某生产线F1机架为例,基于实际生产数据,建立修复后工作辊辊颈轴承段的疲劳应力谱,结合多轴寿命预测模型对现场修复后工作辊辊颈轴承段的服役寿命进行了预测分析,为现场轧辊服役维护制度提供保障。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51805355)
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2025年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.001
  • 接收时间:2023-08-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-12
  • 修回日期:2023-09-19
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(51805355)
国家自然科学基金项目(51805355)
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    1.太原理工大学 机械与运载工程学院,太原 030002
    2.宝山钢铁股份有限公司 中央研究院,上海 201900

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秦晓峰,男,1987年生,山西吕梁人,博士,副教授;主要研究方向为轧辊全寿命服役关键技术、疲劳强度;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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