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Aiming at the storage life evaluation of photodetectors, a new evaluation method for multi-parameter competitive failure storage life assessment based on Monte-Carlo method was proposed. This method comprehensively considered whether the key performance parameters of the sample have deteriorated or improved trend. Firstly, the optimal degradation model with a single parameter was selected by performance degradation modeling, so that the pseudo-life of the sample with increasing degradation trend was calculated according to the failure threshold, and the pseudo-life was regarded as the right-censored data for the sample with decreasing degradation trend. Furthermore, the optimal distribution of a single performance parameter was selected based on the pseudo-life data combined with the expectation maximization(EM)algorithm, and then the competitive failure evaluation of multi-parameters was carried out by Monte-Carlo sampling method.According to the case analysis of the photodetector storage, the feasibility of this method was verified.

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ZHANG Yeping, E-mail:
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针对光电探测器的储存寿命评估问题,综合考虑样品关键性能参数有无变坏或者向好的趋势情况,提出了一种基于蒙特卡洛法的多参数竞争失效储存寿命评估新方法。首先,通过性能退化建模选择单一参数的最优退化模型,从而对于退化趋势递增的样品根据失效阈值计算其伪寿命,对于退化趋势递减的样品将其伪寿命看作右删失数据;然后,根据伪寿命数据结合最大期望(Expectation Maximization, EM)算法选择单一性能参数的最优分布;最后,通过蒙特卡洛采样法进行多参数的竞争失效评估。以光电探测器储存案例为实例,验证了该方法的可行性。

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张也平,男,1992年生,湖北黄冈人,硕士,助理研究员;主要研究方向为混合辐射场探测;E-mail:

杨童博,女,1999年生,河南开封人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为可靠性统计;E-mail:

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figureFileSmall=QnWNvPRN6W3yf2q05fTakw==, figureFileBig=XHYyRqG0xGj/k+4uI9Dz9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241699561769587160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699538117907032, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于3参数竞争失效的光电探测器可靠度曲线, figureFileSmall=QnWNvPRN6W3yf2q05fTakw==, figureFileBig=XHYyRqG0xGj/k+4uI9Dz9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241699561857667546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699538117907032, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Degradation data for the amplitude variation of a batch of photodetectors over time

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参数1(灯控电路幅度)退化数据 Parameter 1 (lamp control circuit amplitude) degradation data/V
样品编号
Sample number
时间Time/d
01115204156613286457281 162
111.9310.7311.0511.3911.9611.5010.8310.3310.0410.019.87
26.306.256.256.256.226.206.205.935.605.525.07
36.016.416.286.646.646.626.626.114.884.492.81
47.767.637.637.637.617.607.607.407.167.106.80
57.1310.6810.6410.5610.2410.019.957.136.065.885.31
612.5611.8711.8711.8711.8511.8511.8511.8411.9211.9311.98
712.9912.3612.3612.3612.3812.4012.4012.4812.1912.1612.60
812.6411.9011.9011.9011.9011.9211.9211.9311.8711.8711.93
912.6011.9011.9011.9011.9211.9211.9312.0011.8011.8012.03
109.6911.8211.7611.6911.3911.2011.139.5011.8711.808.67
1112.8612.1612.1612.1612.1712.1712.1712.2512.3512.3512.32
参数2(电源输出电压)退化数据 Parameter 2 (power supply output voltage) degradation data/V
样品编号
Sample number
时间Time/d
01115204156613286457281 162
111.429.299.7610.2811.3911.288.577.957.507.427.24
27.427.827.827.827.797.777.777.487.157.056.59
35.525.535.485.635.635.635.635.264.364.092.89
47.367.857.857.857.847.827.827.637.407.347.02
512.0612.0912.0912.0912.0912.0912.0912.0611.9211.8811.74
612.2212.1412.1412.1412.1612.1612.1612.1711.8811.9012.35
712.3511.9011.9011.9011.9011.9011.9011.9211.6011.5512.32
812.8112.3812.3812.3812.3812.3812.3812.3512.0312.0012.06
912.1112.1212.1212.1212.1612.1612.1712.2411.7411.7412.12
1012.0912.0612.0612.0412.0412.0312.0311.9812.0812.0611.60
1112.7312.0812.0812.0912.0912.1112.1112.2212.3012.3012.11
参数3(展宽电路幅度)退化数据 Parameter 3 (widen the amplitude of the circuit) degradation data/V
样品编号
Sample number
时间Time/d
01115204156613286457281 162
112.2611.2111.5511.4311.6211.4610.8610.4510.5910.1910.89
26.216.637.237.146.127.366.287.825.385.846.21
37.017.987.136.646.436.716.486.245.696.386.82
46.677.067.547.467.317.617.687.587.387.126.92
512.4211.471111.1310.6310.179.937.256.245.995.42
611.9811.8411.8411.7411.5411.7111.8810.8210.9910.8610.92
712.5912.3512.3312.4612.1212.4712.4812.4511.2711.2411.72
812.2512.1312.1111.3611.5411.8911.9311.9311.8911.8711.83
911.4812.0111.9511.7411.7111.8811.8311.9811.8311.8312.12
1011.2311.7911.8911.3611.3611.3811.2811.4911.9811.938.78
1112.6612.4312.3512.1612.1612.2712.2512.4911.8711.2311.22
), ArticleFig(id=1241699561966719456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699538117907032, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

某批次光电探测器幅度随时间变化的退化数据

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参数1(灯控电路幅度)退化数据 Parameter 1 (lamp control circuit amplitude) degradation data/V
样品编号
Sample number
时间Time/d
01115204156613286457281 162
111.9310.7311.0511.3911.9611.5010.8310.3310.0410.019.87
26.306.256.256.256.226.206.205.935.605.525.07
36.016.416.286.646.646.626.626.114.884.492.81
47.767.637.637.637.617.607.607.407.167.106.80
57.1310.6810.6410.5610.2410.019.957.136.065.885.31
612.5611.8711.8711.8711.8511.8511.8511.8411.9211.9311.98
712.9912.3612.3612.3612.3812.4012.4012.4812.1912.1612.60
812.6411.9011.9011.9011.9011.9211.9211.9311.8711.8711.93
912.6011.9011.9011.9011.9211.9211.9312.0011.8011.8012.03
109.6911.8211.7611.6911.3911.2011.139.5011.8711.808.67
1112.8612.1612.1612.1612.1712.1712.1712.2512.3512.3512.32
参数2(电源输出电压)退化数据 Parameter 2 (power supply output voltage) degradation data/V
样品编号
Sample number
时间Time/d
01115204156613286457281 162
111.429.299.7610.2811.3911.288.577.957.507.427.24
27.427.827.827.827.797.777.777.487.157.056.59
35.525.535.485.635.635.635.635.264.364.092.89
47.367.857.857.857.847.827.827.637.407.347.02
512.0612.0912.0912.0912.0912.0912.0912.0611.9211.8811.74
612.2212.1412.1412.1412.1612.1612.1612.1711.8811.9012.35
712.3511.9011.9011.9011.9011.9011.9011.9211.6011.5512.32
812.8112.3812.3812.3812.3812.3812.3812.3512.0312.0012.06
912.1112.1212.1212.1212.1612.1612.1712.2411.7411.7412.12
1012.0912.0612.0612.0412.0412.0312.0311.9812.0812.0611.60
1112.7312.0812.0812.0912.0912.1112.1112.2212.3012.3012.11
参数3(展宽电路幅度)退化数据 Parameter 3 (widen the amplitude of the circuit) degradation data/V
样品编号
Sample number
时间Time/d
01115204156613286457281 162
112.2611.2111.5511.4311.6211.4610.8610.4510.5910.1910.89
26.216.637.237.146.127.366.287.825.385.846.21
37.017.987.136.646.436.716.486.245.696.386.82
46.677.067.547.467.317.617.687.587.387.126.92
512.4211.471111.1310.6310.179.937.256.245.995.42
611.9811.8411.8411.7411.5411.7111.8810.8210.9910.8610.92
712.5912.3512.3312.4612.1212.4712.4812.4511.2711.2411.72
812.2512.1312.1111.3611.5411.8911.9311.9311.8911.8711.83
911.4812.0111.9511.7411.7111.8811.8311.9811.8311.8312.12
1011.2311.7911.8911.3611.3611.3811.2811.4911.9811.938.78
1112.6612.4312.3512.1612.1612.2712.2512.4911.8711.2311.22
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基于多参数性能退化竞争失效的光电探测器储存寿命评估
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张也平 1 , 杨童博 2 , 李紫薇 3, 4
机械强度 | ·疲劳·损伤·断裂·失效分析· 2025,47(4): 20-26
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机械强度 | ·疲劳·损伤·断裂·失效分析· 2025, 47(4): 20-26
基于多参数性能退化竞争失效的光电探测器储存寿命评估
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张也平1 , 杨童博2 , 李紫薇3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.中国工程物理研究院 流体物理研究所,绵阳 621900
  • 2.西南交通大学 数学学院统计系,成都 611756
  • 3.西南科技大学 信息工程学院,绵阳 621010
  • 4.西南科技大学 复杂环境装备可靠性研究中心,绵阳 621010
  • 张也平,男,1992年生,湖北黄冈人,硕士,助理研究员;主要研究方向为混合辐射场探测;E-mail:

    杨童博,女,1999年生,河南开封人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为可靠性统计;E-mail:

Storage life evaluation of photodetector based on multi-parameter performance degradation and competitive failure
Yeping ZHANG1 , Tongbo YANG2 , Ziwei LI3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
  • 2.Department of Statistics, School of Mathematics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
  • 3.School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
  • 4.Research Center for Reliability of Equipment in Complex Environments, Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.003
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针对光电探测器的储存寿命评估问题,综合考虑样品关键性能参数有无变坏或者向好的趋势情况,提出了一种基于蒙特卡洛法的多参数竞争失效储存寿命评估新方法。首先,通过性能退化建模选择单一参数的最优退化模型,从而对于退化趋势递增的样品根据失效阈值计算其伪寿命,对于退化趋势递减的样品将其伪寿命看作右删失数据;然后,根据伪寿命数据结合最大期望(Expectation Maximization, EM)算法选择单一性能参数的最优分布;最后,通过蒙特卡洛采样法进行多参数的竞争失效评估。以光电探测器储存案例为实例,验证了该方法的可行性。

多参数性能退化  /  竞争失效  /  储存寿命  /  最大期望算法  /  蒙特卡洛采样

Aiming at the storage life evaluation of photodetectors, a new evaluation method for multi-parameter competitive failure storage life assessment based on Monte-Carlo method was proposed. This method comprehensively considered whether the key performance parameters of the sample have deteriorated or improved trend. Firstly, the optimal degradation model with a single parameter was selected by performance degradation modeling, so that the pseudo-life of the sample with increasing degradation trend was calculated according to the failure threshold, and the pseudo-life was regarded as the right-censored data for the sample with decreasing degradation trend. Furthermore, the optimal distribution of a single performance parameter was selected based on the pseudo-life data combined with the expectation maximization(EM)algorithm, and then the competitive failure evaluation of multi-parameters was carried out by Monte-Carlo sampling method.According to the case analysis of the photodetector storage, the feasibility of this method was verified.

Multi-parameter performance degradation  /  Competitive failure  /  Storage life  /  Expectation maximization algorithm  /  Monte-Carlo sampling
张也平, 杨童博, 李紫薇. 基于多参数性能退化竞争失效的光电探测器储存寿命评估. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (4) : 20 -26 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.003
Yeping ZHANG, Tongbo YANG, Ziwei LI. Storage life evaluation of photodetector based on multi-parameter performance degradation and competitive failure[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (4) : 20 -26 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.003
根据闪烁探测原理,光电探测器能够对带电粒子、可见光、X光、伽马射线、中子等测试源项进行长期稳定的有效监控,在核辐射探测和成像诊断等领域至关重要[1-3]。因此,对光电探测器进行有效评估具有重要的应用价值和研究意义。
储存寿命是光电探测器评估的重要指标参数。通常情况下,光电探测器在储存时期发生的失效受幅度、灵敏度等多个参数的影响[4-8]。长期使用和维护的经验表明,储存期光电探测器关键性能退化参数的失效占光电探测器失效的比例很高[9-13]。对光电探测器性能参数进行定期测试与分析,可以评估光电探测器的健康状态。
针对参数的性能退化研究,常见的方法是退化轨迹法,寻找产品性能随时间变化的轨迹,拟合退化轨迹曲线,利用函数关系反推伪寿命数据。该方法操作过程较为简便,诸多学者进行了深入研究。PARK等[14]在加速应力情况下,通过幂律模型建立退化轨迹函数并进一步评估了产品的平均寿命。CHINNAM[15]提出了广义多项式回归模型,建模退化信号和估计单个部件的可靠性。邓爱民等[16]选取合适的退化轨迹模型,利用退化数据对退化轨迹进行模型拟合得到模型参数,根据退化轨迹外推出伪寿命并进行可靠性评估。闫亚宾等[17]为提高评估精度,提出了融合小波包和性能退化的寿命评估方法,利用数据解析模型建立性能退化轨迹,最终实现电子组件的寿命计算和可靠性分析。吴兆希等[18]基于厚膜电阻的退化数据,建立线性退化模型,描述退化过程,完成了可靠性评估。
目前,上述研究方法已广泛应用于多个领域。但在进行光电探测器储存寿命评估时还存在一些尚未解决的问题。如在工程实际中,由于参数存在测试误差并且具有波动性[19-20],个别样本在储存期间性能退化参数有变好的趋势,因此并不能计算出这些样本的伪寿命,给现有的评估方法带来挑战。
针对上述问题,综合考虑储存期间样品存在的异常情况,提出一种光电探测器储存寿命评估新方法。根据性能退化数据选择各参数的退化模型,对于参数有变好趋势的样本,将其伪寿命按照右删失数据处理;并且由于光电探测器的失效是幅度、灵敏度等多个参数之间竞争失效的结果,采用蒙特卡洛采样法进行多参数竞争失效的光电探测器储存寿命评估。
假设该光电探测器包含M个关键性能参数,收集试验样本关于M个参数在时间t1t2,…,tr的退化数据,对于第i个性能参数的第j个试验样本,退化数据为(tuyiju ),i = 1,2,…,Mj = 1,2,…,nu = 1,2,…,r
现解决M个性能退化参数竞争失效的储存寿命评估问题。
多参数性能退化竞争失效的光电探测器储存寿命评估基本思想如下:
1)性能退化建模。由退化数据(tuyiju )分别确定M个参数的最优退化模型。
2)基于多参数竞争失效的寿命评估。对各关键性能参数分别评估。结合步骤1)中确定的退化模型以及失效阈值,估计各参数下样品的失效时间,称为伪寿命(包括完全数据和删失数据)。进一步根据伪寿命数据Xi进行寿命评估,得到单一参数下光电探测器的寿命分布F1F2,…,FM以及可靠度R1R2,…,RM
基于竞争失效进行多参数评估。借助寿命分布F1F2,…,FM,利用蒙特卡洛采样法,完成多参数竞争失效的寿命评估。总体思路流程如图1所示。
光电探测器的退化轨迹一般可使用以下几种模型来进行有效地拟合:
式中,y为性能参数指标;j为受试样本数;t为储存时间;αjβj均为未知参数。
在选择用哪个模型进行拟合时,可以通过计算决定系数R2来进行比较。决定系数定义为
R2越大,说明残差越小,拟合效果越好。性能退化模型求解可采用最小二乘法进行估计。
对于不同样本的同一参数,应选择同一退化模型,各参数确定最优退化轨迹的具体步骤如下:
1)根据收集到的退化数据(tuyiju ),i = 1,2,…,Mj = 1,2,…,nu = 1,2,…,r,令i=1,计算第1个参数下各测试时刻退化数据的平均值,即
2)根据(tu ),结合式(6)确定该参数的最优线性退化模型。
3)令i = i + 1,返回步骤1)继续执行,直至i=M停止。循环步骤1)~2),分别确定M个参数的最优退化模型。
光电探测器的性能随时间变化的趋势有两种。一种是有退化的(性能越来越差),可以由退化轨迹以及失效阈值估计其失效时间,称为伪寿命,该数据类型为完全数据;另一种,性能随着储存时间有变好的趋势。本文将伪寿命处理为右删失数据,这样,评估数据就是完全寿命数据与右删失数据的组合,即混合删失寿命数据。各关键性能参数下试验样品的伪寿命数据计算方法如下:
1)对于退化趋势递增的样品,根据该参数的失效阈值Dfi,结合第2节中确定的退化模型,计算伪寿命Si1 = { xi1xi2,…,xik };对于退化趋势递减的样品,其伪寿命看作删失数据Si2 = { xi(k + 1),…,xin },删失值用Si1中的最大值代替。
2)令i = 1,2,…,M,重复步骤1)中的计算,分别得到M个参数下样品的伪寿命数据X ={ X1X2,…,XM },其中,Xi = { Si1Si2 } = (xi1,…,xikxi(k + 1),…,xin )分为完全数据和混合删失数据两种类型。根据这两种数据类型,本文给出相应的寿命评估方法。
对得到的伪寿命数据进行分布拟合,采用极大似然方法对未知参数进行估计。由于数据类型涉及混合删失数据,想要得到未知参数的显式表达式是非常困难的,因此利用最大期望(Expectation Maximization, EM)算法求解未知参数的极大似然估计。
假设得到的伪寿命数据为(x1,…,xkxk + 1,…,xn ),前k个为完全数据,其余的为右删失数据。记伪寿命的总体分布函数为F (x),概率密度函数为f (x)。目标是极大化似然函数:
从而获得未知参数θ的极大似然估计。若Lθ)与联合概率函数相差一个与θ无关的比例因子,不会影响最大似然估计,因此,可以在Lθ)中剔去与θ无关的因子[21]
x为观测数据,z为缺失数据,W = (xz)为完整数据,p( z|θx)表示在给定参数θ和观测数据x下缺失样本的条件密度函数,p(xz|θ)表示完整数据下的密度函数,则完整数据下的似然函数为
期望步(E步):假定t-1步参数估计为θ(t -1),计算完整数据下对数似然函数ln f (θ|W )关于缺失样本的条件期望:
最大化步(M步):极大化Q(θ|θ(t -1)x)得到θ的第tθ(t),即Q(θ|θ(t -1)x)函数对参数θ求导:
选取初值θ(0),重复E步和M步,最后的收敛值即为θ的极大似然估计
指数分布的概率密度函数与累积分布函数分别为
由EM算法得到的迭代计算式为
其中,
这样就完成了由的1次迭代。选取初值,最后的收敛值即为λi的极大似然估计。当伪寿命数据为完全数据类型时,令n = kψi1 = 0,则
则产品寿命的可靠度函数为
威布尔(Weibull)分布的概率密度函数与累积分布函数分别为
得到αiβi的迭代式,即
其中,
这样就完成了一次迭代。当伪寿命数据为完全数据类型时,令n = kψi2 = 0、ψi3 = 0,则
选取初值αi(0)βi(0),循环计算直至αiβi收敛为止,最后的收敛值即为αiβi的极大似然估计,则产品寿命的可靠度函数为
在选择最优的寿命分布时,利用贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian Information Criterion,BIC),其计算式为
式中,为模型的极大似然值;h为模型独立参数个数;n为样本数。其目的是使BBIC达到最小的寿命分布最优。
光电探测器的失效是M个性能参数退化综合体现的结果。本文采用蒙特卡洛法对其进行建模,根据多参数的寿命评估结果,对光电探测器进行寿命评估,具体步骤如下:
1)由第3.1节中的方法可得到M个参数的分布函数F1F2,…,FM,采用蒙特卡洛法对其进行抽样,得到各个性能参数的失效时间,…,
2)M个参数中任一性能参数超差,则光电探测器失效,因此取T1 = min(,…, )作为光电探测器失效时间。
3)重复N次步骤1)和步骤2),可得N个光电探测器失效时间T1T2,…,TN
4)根据光电探测器失效时间T1T2,…,TN,结合式(17)进行寿命分布的拟合和优选,即可得到光电探测器的储存寿命分布函数F (t)以及可靠度函数R(t) =1 - F (t),则光电探测器的平均寿命为
某批次光电探测器11个样品的性能参数(灯控电路幅度、电源输出电压、展宽电路幅度)退化数据如表1所示,3个参数从物理含义上相互独立。已知失效阈值为下降到初始值的15%。对其进行3参数性能退化竞争失效的储存寿命评估。
1)参数1寿命评估。确定参数1的最优退化模型为式(1),由第3.1节中的方法计算伪寿命数据,得到7个完全数据747、885、511、1 427、798、266 443、2 176,4个删失数据皆为266 443。当该伪寿命数据服从指数分布时,由式(10)得到;当该数据服从Weibull分布时,由式(14)得到α = 0.036 6,β =0.273 1。进一步地,由式(17)得到BBICE = 186.656 8,BBICW = 161.434 8。因此,Weibull分布最优,其可靠度函数表达式为
可得参数1的平均寿命为μW = 2.657 2 × 106
2)参数2寿命评估。同理,确定参数2的最优退化模型为式(1),得到9个伪寿命数据:完全数据96、1 425、447、2 224、6 127、106 366、3 991、8 501、7 300;2个删失数据皆为106 366。当该伪寿命数据服从指数分布时,;当混合删失寿命数据服从Weibull分布时,α = 0.013 8,β = 0.426 3。进一步地,BBICE = 210.589 8,BBICW = 198.084 4。因此,Weibull分布最优,其可靠度函数表达式为
可得参数2的平均寿命为μW = 6.528 6 × 104
3)参数3寿命评估。同理,确定参数3的最优退化模型为式(2),伪寿命数据:8个完全数据1 375、91 525、2 298、29、15 955、69 976、408 980、64 667;3个删失数据皆为408 980。当该伪寿命数据服从指数分布时,;当混合删失寿命数据服从Weibull分布时,α = 0.011 1,β = 0.368 2。进一步地,BBICE = 216.290 2,BBICW = 203.131 0。因此,Weibull分布最优,其可靠度函数表达式为
可得参数3的平均寿命为μW = 8.734 7 × 105
4)对上述3个参数进行竞争失效的寿命评估,得到BBICE = 2.375 5 × 104BBICW = 2.179 9 × 104,则该光电探测器的寿命服从α = 0.017 0,β = 0.413 1的Weibull分布,其可靠度函数表达式为
可得光电探测器的平均寿命为μW = 5.873 2 ×104。单一参数和经过竞争失效评估后得到的可靠度函数图像如图2所示。
图2可以看出,经竞争失效评估后得到的该光电探测器可靠度图像接近于参数2,与参数1、3的差距明显。因此,当产品包含多个关键性能参数时,仅根据单一参数对产品寿命进行评估的误差较大,多参数竞争失效评估得到的结果更为全面、可靠,并且其趋势更接近于失效较快的性能参数。
针对光电探测器的储存寿命评估问题,考虑到储存期间存在的测试误差以及参数波动等异常情况,提出了一种基于蒙特卡洛采样法的多参数竞争失效储存寿命评估方法,得出主要结论如下:
1)进行性能退化建模,确定了每个参数的最优退化模型。
2)在对各性能参数进行评估时,将储存期间性能退化参数有变好趋势的样本伪寿命看作右删失数据,对伪寿命数据进行分布拟合,通过EM算法得到了未知参数的极大似然估计。
3)基于竞争失效对多参数进行评估,得到正常使用情况下光电探测器可靠度函数的表达式和相应的可靠度曲线。
本文在多参数性能退化竞争失效的光电探测器储存寿命评估方面,尽管取得了一些初步成果,但还存在不足之处。本文在进行多参数竞争失效的寿命评估时,仅考虑各参数之间独立的情况,对于参数之间相互影响、存在一定相关性的情况,需要进一步研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(12205277)
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2025年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.003
  • 接收时间:2023-08-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-19
  • 修回日期:2023-09-28
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(12205277)
国家自然科学基金项目(12205277)
作者信息
    1.中国工程物理研究院 流体物理研究所,绵阳 621900
    2.西南交通大学 数学学院统计系,成都 611756
    3.西南科技大学 信息工程学院,绵阳 621010
    4.西南科技大学 复杂环境装备可靠性研究中心,绵阳 621010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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