Article(id=1241699535618101806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241699531444769296, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691683200000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-11, revisedDate=1693756800000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773973838952, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773973838952, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773973838952, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773973838952, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241699531444769296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='157', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773973837957, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773974092709, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241700600002433947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241699531444769296, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241700600006628252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241699531444769296, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=96, endPage=104, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241699535844594226, articleId=1241699535618101806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Influence of PET core material subtractive process treatment on mechanical properties of sandwich structure, columnId=1241446330749481285, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=·Fatigue·Damage·Fracture·Failure Analysis·, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Sandwich structures composed of PET foam core and aluminium alloy panel were taken as reserch object. In the process of fabricating sandwich structures, four types of core materials were employed. Firstly, untreated PET foam core and PET foam cores subjected to subtractive process treatment (unidirectional slotting, bidirectional slotting,and punching).Secondly, the peel resistance performance between the aluminium alloy panel and PET foam core was tested through the drum peel test, while the influence of material subtractive process on shear performance of the sandwich structures was evaluated through the pure shear test. Finally, the peel and shear failure modes, load-displacement responses, and peel and shear strengths of the structures were analysed. The results show that the peel strength between the panel and PET foam core is improved by 48.31%, 32.29%, and 16.67% respectively, compared with the untreated structure, by using bidirectional slotting, unidirectional slotting and punching processes. Although the three processing techniques cause damage to the PET foam core, they actually increase respectively the shear yield strength of the sandwich structures by 3.12%, 3.90%, and 2.92%, compared to the untreated structure.

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LUO Junjie, E-mail:
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以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET)泡沫芯层和铝合金面板制成的三明治结构为研究对象。首先,在制备三明治结构过程中,使用4类芯层,分别为未处理PET泡沫芯层,以及进行减材工艺处理(单向开槽、双向开槽、打孔)的PET泡沫芯层;然后,通过滚筒剥离试验测试铝合金面板与PET泡沫芯层的抗剥离性能,通过纯剪切试验测试减材工艺处理对三明治结构剪切性能的影响;最后,分析结构的剥离及剪切失效模式、载荷-位移响应、剥离及剪切强度。结果表明,双向开槽、单向开槽、打孔工艺使得三明治结构面板与PET泡沫芯层的剥离强度相对未处理试样分别提升了48.31%、32.29%、16.67%;虽然双向开槽、单向开槽、打孔工艺对PET泡沫芯层有损伤,但3种芯层处理工艺反而使得三明治结构的剪切屈服强度相对未处理试样分别提升了3.12%、3.90%、2.92%。

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罗俊杰,男,1998年生,江西南昌人,博士研究生;主要研究方向为复合材料结构轻量化设计;E-mail:
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耿向明,男,1980年生,湖北武汉人,硕士研究生,工程师;主要研究方向为风电复合材料;E-mail:

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耿向明,男,1980年生,湖北武汉人,硕士研究生,工程师;主要研究方向为风电复合材料;E-mail:

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耿向明,男,1980年生,湖北武汉人,硕士研究生,工程师;主要研究方向为风电复合材料;E-mail:

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Drum peeling test numbers

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试件编号
Specimen number
表面处理方式
Surface treatment method
试验种类
Experimental type
P-W未处理 Untreated滚筒剥离试验
Drum peeling test
P-D单向开槽Unidirectional slotting
P-S双向开槽Bidirectional slotting
P-K打孔 Punching
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滚筒剥离试验编号

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号
Specimen number
表面处理方式
Surface treatment method
试验种类
Experimental type
P-W未处理 Untreated滚筒剥离试验
Drum peeling test
P-D单向开槽Unidirectional slotting
P-S双向开槽Bidirectional slotting
P-K打孔 Punching
), ArticleFig(id=1241699553863323802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699535618101806, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Shear test types and numbers

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试件编号
Specimen number
表面处理方式
Surface treatment method
试验种类
Test type
S-W未处理 Untreated剪切试验
Shear test
S-D单向开槽Unidirectional slotting
S-S双向开槽Bidirectional slotting
S-K打孔 Punching
), ArticleFig(id=1241699553968181412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699535618101806, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

剪切试验类型及编号

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试件编号
Specimen number
表面处理方式
Surface treatment method
试验种类
Test type
S-W未处理 Untreated剪切试验
Shear test
S-D单向开槽Unidirectional slotting
S-S双向开槽Bidirectional slotting
S-K打孔 Punching
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Peeling load and peeling strength of roller peeling specimens

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试件编号
Specimen number
平均最大剥离载荷
Average maximum-peeling load Pb-max/N
平均最小剥离载荷
Average minimum-peeling load Pb-min/N
平均剥离载荷
Average peeling load
Pb/N
平均剥离强度
Average peeling strength /[(N∙mm)/mm ]
平均剥离强度提升比例
Increased ratio of peeling strength /%
P-W697.92231.29428.4948.00
P-D698.27308.04502.8863.5032.29
P-S685.71384.33539.8171.1948.31
P-K754.46232.36466.9056.0016.67
), ArticleFig(id=1241699554186285235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699535618101806, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

滚筒剥离试件剥离载荷及剥离强度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号
Specimen number
平均最大剥离载荷
Average maximum-peeling load Pb-max/N
平均最小剥离载荷
Average minimum-peeling load Pb-min/N
平均剥离载荷
Average peeling load
Pb/N
平均剥离强度
Average peeling strength /[(N∙mm)/mm ]
平均剥离强度提升比例
Increased ratio of peeling strength /%
P-W697.92231.29428.4948.00
P-D698.27308.04502.8863.5032.29
P-S685.71384.33539.8171.1948.31
P-K754.46232.36466.9056.0016.67
), ArticleFig(id=1241699554349863099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699535618101806, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Shear property of PET foam sandwich structure

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号
Specimen numbers
屈服载荷
Yield load/N
屈服强度
Yield strength/MPa
断裂强度
Fracture strength/MPa
断裂位移
Fracture displacement/mm
屈服强度提升比例
Increased ratio of yield strength/%
S-W4 618.020.5130.7728.20
S-D4 796.100.5330.7727.653.90
S-S4 757.590.5290.7517.153.12
S-K4 749.610.5280.7315.992.92
), ArticleFig(id=1241699554454720704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699535618101806, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

PET泡沫三明治结构剪切性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号
Specimen numbers
屈服载荷
Yield load/N
屈服强度
Yield strength/MPa
断裂强度
Fracture strength/MPa
断裂位移
Fracture displacement/mm
屈服强度提升比例
Increased ratio of yield strength/%
S-W4 618.020.5130.7728.20
S-D4 796.100.5330.7727.653.90
S-S4 757.590.5290.7517.153.12
S-K4 749.610.5280.7315.992.92
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PET芯层减材工艺处理对三明治结构力学性能的影响
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耿向明 1 , 羊森林 1 , 钟贤和 1 , 王锋 1 , 张豪 2 , 罗俊杰 2
机械强度 | ·疲劳·损伤·断裂·失效分析· 2025,47(4): 96-104
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机械强度 | ·疲劳·损伤·断裂·失效分析· 2025, 47(4): 96-104
PET芯层减材工艺处理对三明治结构力学性能的影响
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耿向明1 , 羊森林1, 钟贤和1, 王锋1, 张豪2, 罗俊杰2
作者信息
  • 1.东方电气风电股份有限公司,德阳 618000
  • 2.湖南大学 整车先进设计制造技术全国重点实验室,长沙 410082
  • 耿向明,男,1980年生,湖北武汉人,硕士研究生,工程师;主要研究方向为风电复合材料;E-mail:

通讯作者:

罗俊杰,男,1998年生,江西南昌人,博士研究生;主要研究方向为复合材料结构轻量化设计;E-mail:
Influence of PET core material subtractive process treatment on mechanical properties of sandwich structure
Xiangming GENG1 , Senlin YANG1, Xianhe ZHONG1, Feng WANG1, Hao ZHANG2, Junjie LUO2
Affiliations
  • 1.Dongfang Electric Wind Power Co., Ltd., Deyang 618000, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.012
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以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET)泡沫芯层和铝合金面板制成的三明治结构为研究对象。首先,在制备三明治结构过程中,使用4类芯层,分别为未处理PET泡沫芯层,以及进行减材工艺处理(单向开槽、双向开槽、打孔)的PET泡沫芯层;然后,通过滚筒剥离试验测试铝合金面板与PET泡沫芯层的抗剥离性能,通过纯剪切试验测试减材工艺处理对三明治结构剪切性能的影响;最后,分析结构的剥离及剪切失效模式、载荷-位移响应、剥离及剪切强度。结果表明,双向开槽、单向开槽、打孔工艺使得三明治结构面板与PET泡沫芯层的剥离强度相对未处理试样分别提升了48.31%、32.29%、16.67%;虽然双向开槽、单向开槽、打孔工艺对PET泡沫芯层有损伤,但3种芯层处理工艺反而使得三明治结构的剪切屈服强度相对未处理试样分别提升了3.12%、3.90%、2.92%。

PET泡沫三明治  /  芯层减材处理  /  滚筒剥离  /  剥离性能  /  剪切试验  /  剪切性能

Sandwich structures composed of PET foam core and aluminium alloy panel were taken as reserch object. In the process of fabricating sandwich structures, four types of core materials were employed. Firstly, untreated PET foam core and PET foam cores subjected to subtractive process treatment (unidirectional slotting, bidirectional slotting,and punching).Secondly, the peel resistance performance between the aluminium alloy panel and PET foam core was tested through the drum peel test, while the influence of material subtractive process on shear performance of the sandwich structures was evaluated through the pure shear test. Finally, the peel and shear failure modes, load-displacement responses, and peel and shear strengths of the structures were analysed. The results show that the peel strength between the panel and PET foam core is improved by 48.31%, 32.29%, and 16.67% respectively, compared with the untreated structure, by using bidirectional slotting, unidirectional slotting and punching processes. Although the three processing techniques cause damage to the PET foam core, they actually increase respectively the shear yield strength of the sandwich structures by 3.12%, 3.90%, and 2.92%, compared to the untreated structure.

PET foam sandwich  /  Core material subtractive treatment  /  Drum peeling  /  Peeling performance  /  Shear test  /  Shear performance
耿向明, 羊森林, 钟贤和, 王锋, 张豪, 罗俊杰. PET芯层减材工艺处理对三明治结构力学性能的影响. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (4) : 96 -104 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.012
Xiangming GENG, Senlin YANG, Xianhe ZHONG, Feng WANG, Hao ZHANG, Junjie LUO. Influence of PET core material subtractive process treatment on mechanical properties of sandwich structure[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (4) : 96 -104 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.012
三明治结构具有高比刚度和比强度的性能优势,在航空航天、船舶、汽车、轨道列车、建筑等领域都得到了广泛应用[1]。一般来说,三明治结构由刚性面板与柔性芯层匹配组成,组分材料之间通常采用胶黏等方式实现连接。根据芯层和面板材料的不同,三明治结构能够实现阻燃、隔音、防腐蚀等功能,以满足工程结构的复杂需求。三明治结构力学性能及轻量化特性表现优异,核心在于其结构内部良好的载荷分配;其中面板主要承受面内拉伸/压缩载荷,芯层则主要承受剪切载荷[2]。胶层界面作为三明治结构的关键部件,其主要功能在于实现面板与芯层的载荷传递,胶层性能的优劣对三明治结构的整体性能表现至关重要。泡沫芯层与胶层的结合界面是三明治结构内部连接的薄弱环节,为了提高三明治结构的界面连接性能,通常会对芯层表面进行高效、低成本的减材工艺处理,如单向开槽[3]、双向开槽[4-5]、打孔[6]和半圆环槽[7]等。芯层经过开槽处理后不仅能在成型过程中为胶黏剂导流,还增大了胶黏连接面积,因此能够显著提高三明治结构的整体力学性能。
以上研究缺乏对其增强机制的深入研究。为此,不少研究学者着眼于探究芯层开槽方式对三明治结构性能的影响及机制。肖雪瑞[8-9]结合理论模型,Ansys有限元模型及试验,研究了芯层表面处理的切缝尺寸参数(切缝的深度、间距、宽度)对芯层及三明治结构力学性能的影响,发现对芯层进行表面处理能够有效地提高芯层以及三明治结构的力学性能。姚秀冬等[10]使用Ansys软件建立了复合材料夹层结构的有限元模型并进行弹性分析,研究了芯层开正交沟槽对三明治结构层间应力分布及竖向位移的影响。FATHI等[11]487-508使用不同的开槽方式对轻木、聚氯乙烯(Polyvinyl Chloride, PVC)泡沫、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET)泡沫、聚氨酯(Polyurethane, PU)泡沫等芯层进行处理,与玻璃纤维复合材料(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer, GFRP)面板制成三明治结构后进行四点弯曲试验,研究了不同开槽方式对不同三明治结构力学性能的影响,结果表明同种芯层处理方式对不同芯层泡沫材料的结构弯曲性能影响有差异。朱波等[12]基于Ansys软件分析了轻木芯层经过打孔处理并填满树脂的三明治结构的屈曲特性及动力学性能,发现树脂柱能够在一定程度上减小三明治结构在瞬态载荷作用下的竖向位移,提高三明治结构的轴向承载能力和动力学性能。MOSTAFA等[13]通过在PVC/PU芯层导流槽中加入剪切增强键,同样可以增强三明治结构(GFRP面板)的剪切性能。KABOGLU等[14]开展了泡沫芯层表面处理方式对三明治结构冲击性能影响的相关研究,考虑了平切、柔性切割、刀切、锯切等切割方式,并提升了三明治结构的韧性,以及吸能防护性能。REUTERLOEV[15]基于试验方法对泡沫芯层开槽处理的影响进行了研究,考虑了三明治结构的疲劳和拉伸等力学性能。王顺吉等[16]61-65通过改变PET泡沫材料的开槽方式,提高了PET泡沫材料的压缩和剪切力学性能。QIN等[17]引入薄槽、穿孔和厚轮廓切割等方式,对聚氨酯树脂(Polyurethane Resin, PUR)泡沫表面开槽方式进行了系统性研究,考虑了三明治结构(GFRP面板)在平拉、平压、剪切和滚筒剥离工况下的性能表现。吉祥等[18]通过有限元方法研究了槽孔尺寸对芯层力学性能的影响。
在“双碳”目标引领的节能减排大势下,兼具可完全回收优势及优异服役性能的PET泡沫具有巨大的应用前景[19]。尽管现有研究测试了PET泡沫芯层三明治(GFRP面板)的弯曲性能[11]487-508、剥离性能[16]61-65未处理PET泡沫的剪切性能[20]60-62,但其缺乏对失效过程、模式及机制的分析,并且芯层的减材处理方式同时对PET泡沫芯层三明治结构剥离及剪切性能影响的系统性研究没有文献报道。
由于铝合金的轻质、高韧、抗冲击等特性,在轨道列车、汽车、船舶、航空等领域的轻量化结构中广泛应用。因此本文使用铝合金面板,对PET泡沫芯层三明治结构进行全面且系统的试验研究;使用三种芯层处理方式,分别为单向开槽、双向开槽、打孔,通过滚筒剥离试验和剪切试验,与未处理的三明治结构进行对比,研究不同的芯层处理方式对三明治结构剥离强度和剪切强度的影响,并对其失效过程、失效模式及失效机制进行分析,为PET泡沫三明治结构在工程中的应用提供指导。
本文所用芯层材料为Armacell公司生产的PET泡沫,厚度为30 mm,密度为100 kg/m3;面板材料为EN AW 5754-H24型铝合金,厚度为1 mm;胶黏剂为环氧基结构胶Araldite®2015。
对芯层材料进行开槽和打孔处理,图1为芯层处理的示意图。其中,单向开槽与双向开槽的沟槽尺寸为3 mm×2 mm(宽度×深度),开槽的间距为30 mm,均为双面开槽,如图1(e)所示;打孔处理中孔的直径为3 mm,孔间距为30 mm。
根据国家标准GB/T 1457—2022和GB/T 1455—2022进行滚筒剥离试验和剪切试验,试样尺寸设计,如图2所示。PET泡沫三明治结构试验制备流程如图3所示,主要包含5个步骤:①组分材料切割与准备;②面板表面处理;③面板/泡沫芯层涂胶与组装;④抽真空后在40 ℃下恒温5 h固化;⑤标准试样切割。
本研究进行了滚筒剥离试验和剪切试验,通过试验试件的失效模式、载荷-剥离距离曲线得到不同三明治结构的剥离性能和剪切性能,由此分析不同芯层处理方式对三明治结构性能的影响。
为了探究不同的芯层处理方式对三明治结构剥离性能的影响,依据国家标准GB/T 1457—2022进行滚筒剥离试验。本试验使用Instron 5985型万能试验机进行,如图4所示,使用带凸缘的滚筒配合试验机横梁剥离三明治结构的面板,滚筒的凸缘直径为125 mm,滚筒直径为100 mm。
试验时,将钢带卷到滚筒上,并将试件面板的一端与滚筒连接,另一端与夹具相连,然后将夹具安装到试验机上。试验加载速度为25 mm/min,加载位移为45 mm。滚筒剥离试验及试件编号如表1所示,每种试件做两次重复试验。
为了研究不同的芯层处理方式对三明治结构剪切性能的影响,依据国家标准GB/T 1455—2022进行剪切试验。本试验使用Instron 8801型疲劳试验机进行,如图5所示。试验前,使用砂纸打磨试件及夹具的黏接面,并用丙酮清洗干净,再用胶黏剂将试件黏接到左右两块夹具上。根据标准,试验加载速度为2 mm/min,加载到试件失效为止。
剪切试验及试件编号如表2所示,每种试件做两次重复试验。
三明治结构的滚筒剥离失效过程如图6所示,在加载过程中,滚筒在转动的同时,也相对于试件上移,从而不断地将面板从三明治结构上剥离下来。
图6(a)所示为面板和胶层之间的胶接界面失效过程,面板剥离过程平稳,所以载荷-剥离距离曲线有明显的平台区;图6(b)所示为芯层损伤失效过程,芯层泡沫发生了撕裂,附着于面板表面,这导致试件在剥离时不平稳,对应的曲线也随之出现了剧烈的波动。
图7为载荷-剥离距离曲线图。由图7可知,虽然4种试件的芯层都使用不同的表面处理方式进行了处理,但曲线有相似的特征。开始时,4种试件的载荷都迅速上升,然后进入短暂的平台期。在这一阶段,与滚筒相连的试件端部的铝合金面板发生了塑性变形。之后进入剥离阶段,载荷迅速上升到达第1个峰值,然后骤然下降,试件开始发生剥离,如此往复,直至剥离结束。
在剥离阶段,不同的载荷-剥离距离响应意味着不同的失效模式及失效机制。如图6所示,试件P-W-1发生界面失效,面板在剥离过程中比较平稳,与其相对应的载荷-剥离位移曲线波动不大;而试件P-W-2的失效模式为芯层撕裂失效,剥离过程中芯层泡沫撕裂不平稳,呈现逐段的“沟壑-山丘”状黏连在面板的胶层上,对应载荷-剥离位移曲线的上下波动,波动载荷上升意味着泡沫被撕裂呈现“山丘”状;反之则为“沟壑”状,没有泡沫黏连在面板上。这一规律也适用于其他试件,试件发生芯层失效时的曲线上下波动较大,而波动较小时所对应的失效模式为胶接界面失效。
图8为室温环境中4种试件滚筒剥离试验的失效形貌图。试件出现2种失效模式,分别为面板与胶层脱黏的界面失效和芯层损伤失效。其中,试件P-W的两个重复试验出现的失效模式完全不同,P-W-1的失效模式为胶接界面失效,面板与胶层发生了脱黏;而P-W-2的失效模式为芯层失效,PET泡沫被撕裂,只有端部很小的一部分出现了脱黏现象。如图8(a)所示,试件P-W-1之所以产生以界面失效为主导的失效模式,原因在于胶层与面板界面处产生了大量的气孔缺陷,这显著降低了胶层与面板的黏接界面强度。
试件P-K的失效模式几乎都是芯层损伤失效,只有芯层端部出现少量的胶黏界面失效。P-S和P-D失效模式均为界面失效与芯层撕裂混合的失效模式,界面失效在试件P-S的失效模式中所占的比例大于试件P-D。在剥离起始阶段,失效均从界面开始,剥离起始均存在界面脱黏,随着剥离距离增加,芯层撕裂与界面失效模式交替出现。失效模式发生变化的原因是芯层在开槽或打孔处产生应力集中加大了芯层撕裂的可能性,或在制备过程中胶层的局部位置存在气孔缺陷,减弱了此处的胶黏强度,如图8框选位置所示。
图9为三明治结构滚筒剥离变形失效机制示意图,三明治结构在剥离工况下可能产生的失效模式包括:①胶层/面板界面失效;②胶层/芯层界面失效;③胶层失效(内聚力失效);④泡沫芯层失效。研究中涉及的胶黏剂强度较高,芯层表面相对铝面板更为粗糙,胶层/芯层相对胶层/铝面板的黏接性能更好,因此试验中仅出现胶层/铝面板界面失效和泡沫芯层失效两种失效模式。当胶黏剂中气孔较少,胶层/铝面板的界面强度大于泡沫芯层的撕裂强度,此时发生泡沫芯层的撕裂失效模式;反之,胶黏剂中气孔较多,胶层/铝面板界面强度小于泡沫芯层的撕裂强度,此时发生胶层/铝面板的界面失效模式。
表3给出了不同滚筒剥离试件的平均剥离载荷及剥离强度。
平均最大剥离载荷、平均最小剥离载荷、平均剥离载荷、平均剥离强度可表示为
式中,Pb-min为平均最小剥离载荷;Pi为试件的最小剥离载荷。
式中,Pb-max为平均最大剥离载荷;Pj为试件的最大剥离载荷。
式中,Pb为平均剥离载荷;P为剥离载荷;x1x2分别为起始剥离位移和剥离结束位移。
式中,为平均剥离强度;P0为抗力载荷;D为滚筒凸缘直径,为125 mm;d为滚筒直径,为100 mm;b为试件宽度。抗力载荷P0通过空白面板试件的滚筒剥离试验得到,试验所得曲线如图10所示,经处理可得P0=198.09 N,处理方法与式(2)相同。
汪鹏等[20]60-62测得未处理PET芯层三明治结构(GFRP面板)的抗剥离强度为39.6 N∙mm/mm,接近本文的48 N∙mm/mm,强度差异与面板及胶层材料的不同有关。由表3可以看出,4种试件中,试件P-S的平均最大剥离载荷最小,为685.71 N,而平均最小剥离载荷为384. 33 N、平均剥离载荷为539. 81 N、平均剥离强度为71. 19 N∙mm/mm,都高于其他3种试件,平均剥离强度比芯层未处理的试件高了48. 31%。这说明对芯层进行双向开槽时,三明治结构的面板在剥离时曲线的波动相对较小,且剥离强度最高。此外,芯层经过处理试件的剥离强度均高于芯层未处理试件,可知对芯层进行减材处理能够提高三明治结构的剥离性能。综上所述,在实际的工程应用中,可以使用双向开槽的处理方式处理芯层,使三明治结构具有优异的剥离性能。
图11所示为室温环境中4种试件的剪切失效过程。随着加载位移增加,芯层发生的剪切变形逐渐增大,然后在试件达到剪切强度时突然失效,说明泡沫芯层整体受载较为均匀。试件发生失效时,失效位置随机出现在左右两侧,可能是因为试件在制备或加工的过程中存在的一些随机分布的微小加工缺陷或芯层材料内部存在随机分布的局部微小缺陷。此外,芯层未经过处理时,其断裂裂纹相对比较平整,而芯层经过开槽或打孔处理的试件,由于沟槽和孔洞中填充了胶黏剂,增大了胶黏面积,因此其开槽或打孔位置所对应的芯层裂纹宽度更大。
图12为剪切试验的载荷-位移曲线图。芯层经过不同方式处理的三明治结构呈现出相同的载荷-位移趋势,包括3个阶段:第1阶段,试件发生弹性变形,三明治结构承受的载荷线性增加至屈服载荷;第2阶段,结构发生塑性变形,剪切载荷随拉伸位移的增加缓慢上升;第3阶段,试件的承载能力达到极限,芯层瞬间断裂。
在弹性阶段,4种试件的曲线几乎重合,这说明在剪切变形的过程中,主要发生变形的是芯层;对于塑性阶段,可以看到,芯层未经过处理的试件的载荷略低于其他3种试件,芯层经过处理的3种试件在塑性阶段的曲线几乎完全重合,只是断裂位移不同。
图13展示了三明治结构在剪切工况下的组分材料受力示意图,其中面板、芯层以及胶黏剂共同承受剪切载荷,因此有τf = τc = τad,式中τf为面板名义剪切应力;τc为芯层名义剪切应力;τad为胶层名义剪切应力。为此,三明治结构剪切失效模式将取决于组分材料,以及胶层界面剪切强度性能。
图14为4种三明治结构试件的剪切失效模式。胶层本身、胶层/铝面板界面、胶层/泡沫界面剪切强度高于泡沫芯层的剪切强度,因此胶层断裂面均附着泡沫材料,三明治结构在剪切工况下失效模式为泡沫芯层的剪切撕裂。此外,所有三明治结构试件的剪切变形主要位于泡沫芯层,这是由于泡沫芯层材料剪切模量低于面板和胶层材料。
汪鹏等[20]60-62得到的未处理PET芯层(GFRP面板)抗剪切强度为0.928 MPa,王顺吉等[16]61-65得到的开槽加打孔的PET泡沫(无面板)剪切强度为0.71 MPa。本文不同芯层对应的三明治结构剪切断裂强度为0.731~0.772 MPa,这与面板、胶层材料,以及测试方法不同有关。4种剪切试件的屈服载荷及屈服强度如表4所示。显然,对于芯层经过减材处理的3种试件,其剪切性能相近,且屈服强度相对于未处理试件略有提升。在芯层经过处理的试件中,试件S-D的剪切性能相对较好,屈服载荷为4 796.10 N,屈服强度为0.533 MPa,断裂强度为0.772 MPa,与芯层未处理的试件相比,试件S-D的屈服强度高了3.90%,断裂强度相同。芯层经过减材处理的试件剪切屈服强度较高,可能是由于泡沫经减材处理后的部位填充了胶黏剂,胶黏剂强度优于PET泡沫,因此整体的屈服强度不但没有下降,反而有小幅提升。此外,与试件S-W相比,试件S-K的断裂位移比其小了26.95%,可知打孔处理会显著减小试件的断裂位移。这是由于胶黏剂黏度较大,芯层打孔处理后的孔洞无法被胶黏剂填满,引起芯层过早失效。总体来说,芯层经过减材处理后,由于胶黏剂的加入,泡沫芯层优异的抗剪切性能几乎没有受到影响。
在全球节能减排的大势下,PET泡沫芯层凭借其可完全回收的优势和优异的服役性能,得到了广泛的应用。但由于缺少关于芯层减材处理方式同时对界面抗剥离性能,以及剪切性能影响的系统性研究,严重阻碍其进一步应用。因此,本文全面且系统地研究了单向开槽、双向开槽和打孔3种不同的芯层处理方式对PET芯层三明治结构(铝合金面板)滚筒剥离性能及剪切性能的影响,得出以下结论:
1)不同的芯层减材处理方式对三明治结构的滚筒剥离失效模式有一定的影响。芯层经过开槽处理后,试件主要出现芯层撕裂、胶黏剂与铝面板界面失效的混合失效模式;芯层打孔后,试件主要发生芯层失效。
2)不同的芯层减材处理方式均能大幅提升三明治结构的剥离性能。双向开槽、单向开槽、打孔工艺使得三明治结构面板与PET泡沫芯层的剥离强度相对未处理试样分别提升了48.31%、32.29%、16.67%。
3)由于胶黏剂的剪切性能强于芯层,因此剪切失效模式均为芯层撕裂失效。打孔处理的试样由于存在较大未填充的孔洞,使试件过早剪切失效。
4)对芯层进行减材处理不仅没有减弱三明治结构的优异抗剪切特性,反而使其剪切屈服强度有略微提升。
5)胶黏缺陷(气孔)使得胶黏剂与铝面板黏接强度降低,发生界面失效模式;后续研究应对三明治结构的胶黏剂固化工艺进行研究,以减少气孔缺陷从而加强铝面板与胶黏剂之间的界面强度。
不同的芯层减材处理工艺对三明治结构性能影响的试验结果可以为工程应用提供指导,并可作为后续高精度建模研究的试验基础。
  • 德阳市科技局2021年科技重点榜单项目(2021JBJZ005)
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2025年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.012
  • 接收时间:2023-08-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-11
  • 修回日期:2023-09-04
基金
Deyang City Science and Technology Bureau 2021 Science and Technology Key List Project(2021JBJZ005)
德阳市科技局2021年科技重点榜单项目(2021JBJZ005)
作者信息
    1.东方电气风电股份有限公司,德阳 618000
    2.湖南大学 整车先进设计制造技术全国重点实验室,长沙 410082

通讯作者:

罗俊杰,男,1998年生,江西南昌人,博士研究生;主要研究方向为复合材料结构轻量化设计;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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