Article(id=1241699532073914897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241699531444769296, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691510400000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-09, revisedDate=1695052800000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773973838107, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773973838107, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773973838107, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773973838107, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241699531444769296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='157', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773973837957, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773974092709, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241700600002433947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241699531444769296, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241700600006628252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241699531444769296, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=87, endPage=95, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241699532304601619, articleId=1241699532073914897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Seal performance analysis of fracturing pump V-shaped combination plunger based on fluid pressure penetration, columnId=1241446330749481285, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=·Fatigue·Damage·Fracture·Failure Analysis·, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The fracturing pump plunger seal pair is one of the components most prone to failure at the hydraulic end of the fracturing pump due to its long-term operation under variable load,reciprocal friction and high pressure, and acidic fracturing fluid. To study the influence of interference magnitude, medium pressure, etc. on the sealing performance of V-shaped sealing ring, the assembly process of V-shaped sealing ring was simulated by using automatic shrinkage fit, the actual fluid pressure action condition of the V-shaped sealing ring was simulated based on fluid pressure penetration, and the finite element model of V-shaped sealing ring was established. Under quasi-static and dynamic sealing, the maximum Mises stress and the variation law of contact pressure of the V-shaped sealing ring were analyzed. A two-stage differential pressure plunger seal structure was proposed, and the sealing performance analysis of the structure was carried out. The results show that the maximum contact pressure of the seals all appear in the V-shaped sealing ring near the high-pressure fluid side, and the maximum stress is mainly in the lip and shoulder of the V-shaped sealing ring in contact with the support ring and press ring,the V-shaped sealing ring is more likely to fail on the side in contact with the plunger. The use of two-stage differential pressure plunger seal can effectively reduce the Mises stress, shear stress, and friction between the V-shaped sealing ring and the plunger, which can extend the working life of the fracturing pump plunger seal and improve the reliability and economy of the fracturing operation.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
HOU Yongjun, E-mail:
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压裂泵柱塞密封副长期在变载荷、往复摩擦及高压、酸性压裂液的环境下运行,是压裂泵液力端最容易失效的部件之一。为研究过盈量、介质压力等对V形密封圈密封性能的影响,采用自动收缩配合模拟V形密封圈的装配过程,基于流体压力渗透模拟V形密封圈的实际流体压力作业工况,建立了V形组合密封圈的有限元模型;分析了V形密封圈在准静态和动态密封下的最大Mises应力和接触压力的变化规律;提出了一种双级压差的柱塞密封结构,并对该结构进行了密封性能分析。结果表明,密封圈的最大接触压力都出现在靠近高压流体侧的V形密封圈处,最大应力主要在V形密封圈与支撑环和压环相接触的唇部和肩部;V形密封圈与柱塞接触一侧更容易发生失效;采用双级压差柱塞密封能够有效减小V形密封圈的Mises应力、剪切应力,以及与柱塞间的摩擦力,可延长压裂泵柱塞密封的工作寿命,提高压裂作业的可靠性和经济性。

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侯勇俊,男,1967年生,四川盐亭人,教授,博士研究生导师;主要研究方向为石油矿场机械;E-mail:
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赵明博,男,1997年生,陕西富平人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为橡胶往复密封;E-mail:

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赵明博,男,1997年生,陕西富平人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为橡胶往复密封;E-mail:

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赵明博,男,1997年生,陕西富平人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为橡胶往复密封;E-mail:

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journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699532073914897, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=结构设计), Keyword(id=1241699544983982876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699532073914897, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=密封性能)], refs=[Reference(id=1241699553104154723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699532073914897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=25, pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=张冕, 池晓明, 刘欢, journalName=中国石油大学学报(社会科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=张冕,池晓明,刘欢,等.我国石油工程领域压裂酸化技术现状、未来趋势及促进对策[J].中国石油大学学报(社会科学版)202137(4):25-30., articleTitle=我国石油工程领域压裂酸化技术现状、未来趋势及促进对策, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241699553188040810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241699532073914897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=25, pageEnd=30, url=null, 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基于流体压力渗透的压裂泵V形组合柱塞密封性能分析
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赵明博 1 , 侯勇俊 1 , 唐瑞欢 2 , 李华川 3 , 刘有平 3
机械强度 | ·疲劳·损伤·断裂·失效分析· 2025,47(4): 87-95
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机械强度 | ·疲劳·损伤·断裂·失效分析· 2025, 47(4): 87-95
基于流体压力渗透的压裂泵V形组合柱塞密封性能分析
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赵明博1 , 侯勇俊1 , 唐瑞欢2, 李华川3, 刘有平3
作者信息
  • 1.西南石油大学 机电工程学院,成都 610500
  • 2.川庆钻探工程有限公司 设备处,成都 610051
  • 3.四川宝石机械专用车有限公司,广汉 618300
  • 赵明博,男,1997年生,陕西富平人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为橡胶往复密封;E-mail:

通讯作者:

侯勇俊,男,1967年生,四川盐亭人,教授,博士研究生导师;主要研究方向为石油矿场机械;E-mail:
Seal performance analysis of fracturing pump V-shaped combination plunger based on fluid pressure penetration
Mingbo ZHAO1 , Yongjun HOU1 , Ruihuan TANG2, Huachuan LI3, Youping LIU3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 2.Equipment Department, Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610051, China
  • 3.BOMCO Sichuan Special Vehicle Co., Ltd., Guanghan 618300, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.011
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压裂泵柱塞密封副长期在变载荷、往复摩擦及高压、酸性压裂液的环境下运行,是压裂泵液力端最容易失效的部件之一。为研究过盈量、介质压力等对V形密封圈密封性能的影响,采用自动收缩配合模拟V形密封圈的装配过程,基于流体压力渗透模拟V形密封圈的实际流体压力作业工况,建立了V形组合密封圈的有限元模型;分析了V形密封圈在准静态和动态密封下的最大Mises应力和接触压力的变化规律;提出了一种双级压差的柱塞密封结构,并对该结构进行了密封性能分析。结果表明,密封圈的最大接触压力都出现在靠近高压流体侧的V形密封圈处,最大应力主要在V形密封圈与支撑环和压环相接触的唇部和肩部;V形密封圈与柱塞接触一侧更容易发生失效;采用双级压差柱塞密封能够有效减小V形密封圈的Mises应力、剪切应力,以及与柱塞间的摩擦力,可延长压裂泵柱塞密封的工作寿命,提高压裂作业的可靠性和经济性。

V形密封圈  /  过盈装配  /  流体压力渗透  /  结构设计  /  密封性能

The fracturing pump plunger seal pair is one of the components most prone to failure at the hydraulic end of the fracturing pump due to its long-term operation under variable load,reciprocal friction and high pressure, and acidic fracturing fluid. To study the influence of interference magnitude, medium pressure, etc. on the sealing performance of V-shaped sealing ring, the assembly process of V-shaped sealing ring was simulated by using automatic shrinkage fit, the actual fluid pressure action condition of the V-shaped sealing ring was simulated based on fluid pressure penetration, and the finite element model of V-shaped sealing ring was established. Under quasi-static and dynamic sealing, the maximum Mises stress and the variation law of contact pressure of the V-shaped sealing ring were analyzed. A two-stage differential pressure plunger seal structure was proposed, and the sealing performance analysis of the structure was carried out. The results show that the maximum contact pressure of the seals all appear in the V-shaped sealing ring near the high-pressure fluid side, and the maximum stress is mainly in the lip and shoulder of the V-shaped sealing ring in contact with the support ring and press ring,the V-shaped sealing ring is more likely to fail on the side in contact with the plunger. The use of two-stage differential pressure plunger seal can effectively reduce the Mises stress, shear stress, and friction between the V-shaped sealing ring and the plunger, which can extend the working life of the fracturing pump plunger seal and improve the reliability and economy of the fracturing operation.

V-shaped sealing ring  /  Interference assembly  /  Fluid pressure penetration  /  Structural design  /  Sealing performance
赵明博, 侯勇俊, 唐瑞欢, 李华川, 刘有平. 基于流体压力渗透的压裂泵V形组合柱塞密封性能分析. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (4) : 87 -95 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.011
Mingbo ZHAO, Yongjun HOU, Ruihuan TANG, Huachuan LI, Youping LIU. Seal performance analysis of fracturing pump V-shaped combination plunger based on fluid pressure penetration[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (4) : 87 -95 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.011
随着油田开发难度的持续增加,压裂酸化技术已成为提升油气田开采量及开发速度的重要手段[1-2]。压裂泵是压力酸化工艺中的重要设备之一,其工作运行的可靠性将直接影响压裂酸化的正常施工[3]。V形组合柱塞密封副在变载荷、往复摩擦、高压及酸性压裂液的共同作用下,成为压裂泵液力端最易发生失效的部件之一,密封失效将导致压裂液泄漏并窜入压裂泵动力端损坏其他组件,进而降低压裂泵的使用寿命,影响压裂酸化作业的正常实施[4-5]。V形密封圈是柱塞密封副的主要密封元件,由于其密封性能良好、可以多圈重叠使用、具有自封作用等特点,被广泛应用于柱塞密封中。
为了提高V形密封圈的密封性能,延长其使用寿命,研究人员通过理论分析、数值模拟和实验等方法,对影响V形密封圈密封性能的因素进行了研究。朱维兵等[6-7]从理论和实验两方面分析了V形密封圈的轴向压力分布,研究了V形密封圈结构参数对接触应力的影响,对密封结构参数进行了优化。杨俭等[8]分析了柱塞在往复运动中的压力分布、泄漏量的变化规律以及密封元件的变形对密封性能的影响。 GANG等[9]1432研究了V形密封圈不同过盈量和唇边高度对密封性能的影响,通过对密封圈的几何参数进行优化,提高了密封圈的密封能力和使用寿命。杜坚等[10]对V形组合密封进行了分析,研究了轴向压紧力、密封圈个数及V形密封圈的结构对组合密封圈密封性能的影响。ZHOU等[11]研究了钻井泥浆泵柱塞密封在超高压超深井条件下的密封失效原因,建立了V形密封圈的二维轴对称有限元模型,分析了柱塞密封应力、应变和接触压力的分布规律,并提出了防止密封失效的基本方法。郑杰文等[12]建立V形组合密封圈的有限元模型,通过仿真分析得知随压力的增加,工作中的液膜厚度随之降低,泄漏量随之增加。DU等[13]设计了一种新型三级密封结构,探讨了不同流体压力和轴向预紧力对密封圈的接触应力和最大Mises的影响。秦瑶等[14]利用弹性力学理论,建立了V形填料密封的计算模型,并计算了压紧力和内外过盈量大小对轴向位移和内外接触面上的接触应力分布规律。吴长贵等[15]6利用Abaqus流体压力渗透载荷的加载方法,对航空作动器VL密封圈进行了有限元仿真分析。
综上所述,目前的研究只考虑了准静态密封下V形密封圈的结构参数、轴向压紧力等因素,没有深入研究柱塞运动和介质压力变化对其密封性能的影响。介质压力会对密封圈产生挤压变形,例如,膨胀和收缩,从而影响密封圈的尺寸和形状。如果忽略介质压力变化对密封性能的影响,可能会误判密封圈的性能和寿命,例如,一些密封圈在低压条件下表现出色,但在高压条件下可能失效。因此,考虑介质压力变化对密封性能的影响至关重要,在仿真中应该将介质压力变化考虑在内,以获得更准确的仿真结果。本文利用自动收缩配合方式来模拟密封圈的装配安装过程,采用流体压力渗透载荷的加载方式来模拟变化介质压力对密封圈的作用。结合这两种方式对V形组合密封圈进行数值模拟,重点研究了V形密封圈在准静态和动态密封下过盈量和工作介质压力对密封性能的影响。此外,针对目前超高压压裂泵柱塞密封的单级压差承压模式承受的压差过大的问题,设计了一种双级压差式柱塞密封,并对该结构进行密封性能和结构强度分析。本文的研究工作对超高压柱塞密封的性能的提高和压裂泵工作可靠性的提升具有重要的参考价值。
随着压裂酸化工艺的不断强化和油气井深度的不断增加,压裂泵也朝着高压力和大排量的方向发展。目前,多个型号的压裂泵的最高工作压力已经达到140 MPa[16-18]。为了能够适应高压工况,压裂泵的V形柱塞密封往往采用多个V形密封圈串联的单级压差结构(图1),其由支撑环、密封圈、压环等部件组成。支撑环是支撑V形密封圈的重要部件,其断面厚而结实,凹形角与V形密封圈相同或稍大,使密封圈安放稳定。压环的作用是让V形密封圈产生一个初始压缩量,使其与被密封面充分接触,并可对V形圈的压缩量进行调节。在自由状态下,V形圈的唇部外径大于填料函的内径,唇的内径小于柱塞杆的外径,这样装配后便有一定的变形。由于支撑环的作用,这种变形只发生在唇部尖端,并在其接触部位产生压力,即使不施加压紧力,唇口也能封住一定的内压。因为唇有“自封”作用,当介质工作压力升高时,唇尖改变接触形状和加大接触应力,唇部与被密封面贴合得更紧密,实现密封作用,介质压力升高接触应力相应升高。超高压泵一般将多个V形密封圈组合使用,介质压力通过支撑环和压环施加压紧力将多个V形密封圈组合成一个整体,介质压力越高压紧力越大。
本文选用的V形密封圈材料为丁腈橡胶,其材料参数:密度为1.2 × 10-6 kg/mm3;线膨胀系数为1.2 ×10-4 K-119。由于橡胶材料近似为不可压缩的超弹性体(泊松比接近于0.5),具有几何非线性、材料非线性和接触非线性[20]的特性。因此,很难对其进行精确研究,为研究密封圈的力学和密封性能,做下列假设:
a.橡胶材料各向同性,且完全弹性。
b.忽略橡胶材料的应力松弛特性和蠕变特性。
c.忽略温度和时间对橡胶材料性能的影响。
橡胶材料的本构模型选择Mooney-Rivlin模型[21],其应变能密度函数为
式中,W为应变能密度;Ii(i = 1,2,3)为i方向的应变张量不变量;C10C01为材料常数;Kv为体积弹性模量。此外,橡胶属于不可压缩的超弹性体,因此可令I3 = 1,则式(1)可以简化为
其应力、应变的关系为
式中,C10C01通过橡胶材料的拉伸试验数据及仿真软件拟合得到,最终得到C10 = 2.688 MPa,C01 = 4.021 MPa。
以7 000型压力泵柱塞密封为研究对象,柱塞直径为127 mm,根据GB/T 10708.1—2000,本文选用内径×截面宽×截面高为124.2 mm×10.8 mm×6 mm的V形密封环进行密封性能分析。其中柱塞、填料函、填料压盖、支撑环和压环的材料均为碳素钢,弹性模量为200 GPa,泊松比为0.3。由于柱塞和填料函的刚度较V形圈材料高出很多,也不在研究范围内,所以将其设置为离散刚体。根据柱塞密封的实际结构及工况,柱塞密封件的几何结构及工况均呈现轴对称现象,建立单级压差柱塞密封的柱塞、V形组合密封圈、填料函的二维轴对称模型如图2所示,其中与支撑环接触的密封圈定义为密封圈1。
模型中分别建立了支撑环、3个V形密封圈,以及压环与柱塞、填料函和填料压盖之间的接触对,此接触问题属于带约束条件的泛函的极值问题,本文采用罚函数法进行描述,摩擦模型选用库仑摩擦模型。V形圈之间的摩擦因数定义为0.45,V形圈与柱塞、填料函、支撑环和压环之间的摩擦因数定义为0.2,支撑环、压环与柱塞、填料函之间、压环填料压盖之间的摩擦因数定义为0.1[9]1432
V形密封圈的单元类型选用CAX4RH,该单元为4节点双线性轴对称四边形杂交单元,支撑环、压环和填料压盖的单元类型选用CAX4R,该单元为4节点双线性轴对称四边形。为保证仿真结果的准确性和稳定性,需验证仿真模型的网格无关性,在过盈量为0.1 mm、介质压力为60 MPa下分别划分1 206、2 012、3 120、4 948个网格进行计算,图3为3种网格数计算得到的主密封面的接触压力图。由图3中可以看出,网格数量较少时,第1个密封圈的唇尖部位发生较大变形,导致接触压力增大。随着接触位置的增加,这4种网格数对应的接触压力曲线几乎重合,但网格数越多,计算越耗时,选择3 120个网格进行计算既能得到比较准确的计算结果,同时计算所需时间也不致过多,因此选择这一网格划分数目比较合理。
根据实际工况,本文定义不同分析步来模拟V形圈的各个工况,一共设置5个分析步:第1个分析步模拟V形圈的过盈装配过程,分别给柱塞和填料函指定参考点,参考点固定不动,设置不同的过盈量,利用自动收缩方式模拟过盈装配;第2个分析步中给填料压盖施加轴向位移S,向下挤压V形圈,模拟V形圈预压紧过程;第3个分析步为吸入介质过程,介质腔为负压状态,压力可以忽略,只需在预紧工况的基础上对活塞杆施加向上位移;第4个分析步需要在密封面上施加压力渗透载荷;第5个分析步模拟介质泵出过程。要实现预期的密封效果就必须要求使接触应力达到相应的准则,即δmaxPδmax为主密封面最大接触应力,P为介质压力[22-23]
流体压力渗透可以模拟流体穿过两相互接触的表面,通过定义“主面”和“从面”,指定一个起始点,该起始点应完全暴露于流体中。流体压力将沿着起始点向接触面加载,且压力加载的方向垂直于单元面。直到到达某个节点,此节点的接触压力大于流体压力时停止加载。如图4所示,主面由4号与5号单元组成,节点编号为201、202、203,从面由1号和2号单元组成,节点编号为101、102、103。指定201为主面的起始点,101为从面的起始点。当流体通过主从接触面102号节点时,如果节点102的接触压力小于流体压力,流体将继续向前加载;反之,如果节点102的接触压力值大于流体压力值,流体到达该节点,将停止向前加载。利用这种加载方式,可动态找到临界点,最终得到更准确的计算结果[15]6
根据V形组合密封系统的结构,V形密封圈与柱塞之间形成的接触面为主要密封面。如图5所示,V形密封圈被安装后,处于过盈装配状态,此时V形密封圈被压缩,最大应力位于第3个密封圈的肩部。由图6可以看出,当施加60 MPa的介质压力时,最大应力主要集中在第1个密封圈的唇尖部位,在这种情况下,主密封面的最大接触压力大于介质压力,说明准静态密封性能是可靠的。
在往复密封系统中,V形密封圈和柱塞之间存在相对运动。V形密封圈的变形和应力随着橡胶材料的近似不可压缩性而变化。图7为柱塞平均速度为1 m/s、介质压力为60 MPa时V形密封圈的应力和接触压力云图。由于柱塞的往复运动,V形密封圈与柱塞表面存在较大的接触压力及摩擦力,导致V形密封圈在靠近柱塞一侧出现较大变形。在吸液过程中,高应力区域集中在V形密封圈靠近填料函一侧的唇尖部位。排液时,由于柱塞向下运动,第1个密封圈的唇尖部位被挤压,出现应力集中区域。
分别选取V形密封圈唇尖和肩部区域的4个参考点A、B、CD,4个点的应力曲线如图8所示。除D点外,其余3个点的应力曲线在往复运动中都会有波动。在吸液行程向排液行程过渡阶段,由于摩擦力减小,会降低A点和C点与金属部件的接触力,从而导致A点和C点的Mises应力减小。在排液行程中,在摩擦力作用下,A点和C点都向下运动,导致A点与支撑环接触,其Mises应力增大,而C点与金属部件的接触力变小,其Mises应力减小。此外,由于橡胶材料具有黏弹性,B点在排液行程中也向下移动与支撑环接触,其Mises应力增大。因此,V形密封圈靠近柱塞一侧更容易发生失效。
图9显示了动态密封过程中主密封面接触压力的变化。由图9可以看出,密封表面的接触压力曲线是波动的。排液过程的接触压力曲线较吸液过程的接触压力曲线波动更严重,但它们的最大值都大于介质压力60 MPa,因此,动密封性能是可靠的。
双级压差柱塞密封装置的结构[24]图10所示,由柱塞、压差柱塞组件、泵头、钻孔工艺堵头、O形密封圈、高压后压帽、低压后压帽、低压V形密封组件、高压V形密封组件组成。其中,压差柱塞大端面积为小段面积的n倍,柱塞排液时,通过压差柱塞组件把工作压力降低后传递到高压V形密封组件和低压V形密封组件间的空间,在高压V形密封组件的后侧形成背压,使高压V形密封的作用压差减小,同时该压力作为低压V形密封组件的工作压力,其工作压差也大幅下降。
采用密封干涉的方法模拟V形圈过盈装配过程,密封干涉定义为初始状态下V形密封圈的内、外径分别与填料函外径和柱塞内径的差值,通过改变密封圈的内外径,得到密封圈与柱塞和填料函之间不同的过盈量,以及在不同过盈量下密封圈的接触应力和Mises应力分布情况。
当施加介质压力为60 MPa时,高压柱塞组件和低压柱塞组件压差均为30 MPa,图11所示为分别采用0.0、0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2 mm过盈量下主密封面的接触压力曲线。由图11可以看出,高压密封圈和低压密封圈主密封面的接触压力先增大后减小,在第3个密封圈和第6个密封圈上则增加,这意味着V形密封圈的密封能力呈现出相同的趋势。
图12所示为不同过盈量下每个V形密封圈的最大Mises应力分布曲线,与其他两个密封圈(即第2和第5密封圈)相比,与支撑环和压环直接接触的密封圈具有更高的Mises应力。随着过盈量的增加,最大Mises应力变化趋势更为明显,并且增长更为剧烈。
当过盈量为0.1 mm时,分别加载60、80、100、120、140 MPa的介质压力,这时高压柱塞组件和低压柱塞组件压差均为介质压力的一半。图13所示为不同介质压力下主密封面的接触压力分布。由图13可以看出,主密封面的接触压力随着介质压力的增加而增大,其中靠近金属部件的密封圈接触压力变化最为明显。高压密封组件的接触压力波动较为明显。
图14所示为不同介质压力下每个V形密封圈的最大Mises应力分布曲线。由图14可以看出,第1个密封圈的最大Mises应力随着介质压力的增加而增大。当P≤100 ΜPa时,第4个密封圈的最大Mises应力保持不变。其余密封圈的最大Mises应力的趋势和数值发生了很小的变化。
当介质压力为60 MPa,采用不同过盈量,得到的接触压力分布曲线如图15所示。由图15可以看出,随着过盈量的增加,压差柱塞的主密封面的接触压力不断增大。高压密封圈的接触压力曲线在吸液行程和排液行程中差距最大,当过盈量δ≤0.1 mm时,高压密封圈在吸液行程中的接触压力小于介质压力。当过盈量δ > 0.05 mm时,低压密封圈在吸液行程中的接触压力大于介质压力。
图16为不同过盈量下主密封面的平均摩擦力和平均剪切应力对比图。由图16可以看出,随着过盈量的增加,主密封面的平均摩擦力和平均剪切应力不断增大。在吸液和排液行程中,低压密封圈的平均摩擦力和平均剪切应力都大于高压密封圈。与单级密封相比,高压密封圈的平均摩擦力在吸液行程中最大减小79%,在排液行程中最大减小41.33%。低压密封圈的平均摩擦力在吸液行程中最大减小66.48%,在排液行程中最大减小60.33%。高压密封圈的平均剪切应力在吸液行程中最大减小80.52%,在排液行程最大减小44.39%,低压密封圈的平均剪切应力在吸液行程中最大减小67. 42%,在排液行程最大减小61. 45%。
图17所示为不同过盈量下密封圈的最大Mises应力曲线。随着过盈量的增加,高压密封圈和低压密封的最大Mises应力不断增大。在吸液行程中,δ≤0.05 mm时,在排液行程中,δ≥0.15 mm时,低压密封圈的最大Mises应力大于高压密封圈。与单级密封相比,高压密封圈的最大Mises应力在吸液行程中最大减小73.73%,在排液行程中最大减小40.8%。低压密封圈的最大Mises应力在吸液行程中最大减小58.09%,在排液行程中最大减小57.89%。
当过盈量为0.1 mm时,施加不同介质压力,图18所示为不同介质压力下主密封面的接触压力曲线。由于吸液过程中没有介质压力作用在V形密封圈上,所以在吸液行程中主密封面的接触压力、最大Mises应力、摩擦力、剪切应力都保持不变。在排液行程中,主密封面的接触压力大于介质压差。低压密封面的接触压力在吸液行程向排液行程转化的瞬间有所波动。
图19为不同介质压力主密封面的平均摩擦力和平均剪切应力对比图。由图19可以看出,主密封面的平均摩擦力和平均剪切应力都随着介质压力的增加而增大。在排液行程中,当介质压力P≥120 MPa时,高压密封面的平均摩擦力和平均剪切应力大于低压密封面。与单级密封相比,高压密封圈的平均摩擦力在吸液行程中最大减小62.18%,在排液行程中最大减小40.35%。低压密封圈的平均摩擦力在吸液行程中最大减小39.22%,在排液行程中最大减小37.84%。高压密封圈的平均剪切应力在吸液行程中最大减小64. 01%,在排液行程最大减小44. 39%,低压密封圈的平均剪切应力在吸液行程中最大减小40.86%,在排液行程最大减小39. 3%
图20所示为不同介质压力下密封圈的最大Mises应力曲线。由图20可以看出,在往复运动中,高压密封圈的最大Mises应力大于低压密封圈。在排液行程中,当P≥120 MPa时,高压密封圈的最大Mises应力大于单级密封圈。与单级密封相比,高压密封圈的最大Mises应力在吸液行程中最大减小31.14%,在排液行程中最大减小23.24%。低压密封圈的最大Mises应力在吸液行程中最大减小38.97%,在排液行程中最大减小33. 11%。
基于流体压力渗透,研究了过盈量和介质压力对压裂泵柱塞密封性能的影响,主要结论如下:
1)最大Mises应力过大会导致橡胶材料发生破裂和变形。平均摩擦应力和平均剪切应力的增大可能导致主密封面的磨损,增加泄漏风险,从而影响柱塞密封工作寿命。这3个参数的综合分析,有助于深入了解密封性能在不同工况下的表现,并为密封系统的优化提供了重要的参考依据。
2)单级压差密封的准静态分析结果表明,最大Mises应力主要集中在密封圈与支撑环接触的唇尖部位以及与压环接触的肩部,这是V形密封圈最容易失效的部位。最大接触应力出现在与支撑环接触的密封圈处,说明此密封圈在密封中起主导作用。
3)单级压差密封的动态分析结果表明,吸液行程和排液行程中最大应力出现的部位不同。V形密封圈与柱塞接触的一侧更容易发生失效。
4)双级压差柱塞的准静态分析结果表明,高压密封组件和低压密封组件中前两个密封圈的主密封面的接触压力先增大后减小,而在第3个密封圈和第6个密封圈上则增加。与支撑环和压环直接接触的密封圈具有更高的Mises应力。
5)双级压差柱塞的动态分析结果表明,V形密封圈的最大Mises应力、平均摩擦力和平均剪切应力相比单级柱塞密封都在降低,使用压差柱塞密封可以延长柱塞密封的工作寿命,提高压裂作业的可靠性和经济性。
6)动态分析结果与准静态分析结果相比,动态分析能够模拟实际工作条件下的动态行为,更全面地评估密封圈与柱塞表面的接触情况。
  • 四川省科技计划项目(2020YFG0260)
  • 中国石油天然气集团公司重大科技项目(2019F-30)
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2025年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.04.011
  • 接收时间:2023-08-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-09
  • 修回日期:2023-09-19
基金
Sichuan Science and Technology Programme Project(2020YFG0260)
四川省科技计划项目(2020YFG0260)
Major Science and Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(2019F-30)
中国石油天然气集团公司重大科技项目(2019F-30)
作者信息
    1.西南石油大学 机电工程学院,成都 610500
    2.川庆钻探工程有限公司 设备处,成都 610051
    3.四川宝石机械专用车有限公司,广汉 618300

通讯作者:

侯勇俊,男,1967年生,四川盐亭人,教授,博士研究生导师;主要研究方向为石油矿场机械;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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