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Addressing the rotational vibration issues encountered during the operation of seawater pumps, and integrating measured vibration characteristics, a quasi-zero stiffness ring meta-structure isolator was designed for vibration control based on the principles of quasi-zero stiffness isolation and the bandgap features of meta-structure. First of all, taking a typical seawater pump as the research object and based on an integrated quasi-zero stiffness structure, a structural design scheme of the ring meta-structure isolator was proposed. Then, models of quasi-zero stiffness unit cell, one-dimensional quasi-zero stiffness meta-structure and quasi-zero structure ring meta-structure isolator were established using finite element method and theoretical method, respectively. Their static and dynamic mechanical characteristics were calculated and analyzed, and their isolation effect on the output vibration of seawater pumps was evaluated. The calculation and test results show that the quasi-zero stiffness ring meta-structure isolator provides multiple bandgaps at low frequencies, and exhibits significant vibration suppression effects on typical frequencies of seawater pumps.

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LIU Haiping, E-mail:
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针对海水泵工作过程中的旋转振动问题,结合实测振动特性,基于准零刚度隔振原理和超结构带隙特征设计了准零刚度环状超结构隔振器用于振动控制。首先,以典型海水泵为研究对象,以一体化准零刚度结构为基础,提出了环状超结构隔振器的结构方案。然后,分别采用有限元法和理论法建立了准零刚度单胞、一维准零刚度超结构、准零刚度环状超结构隔振器的模型,计算并分析了其静、动态力学特性,并评估了其对海水泵输出振动的隔振效果。计算分析及试验结果表明,准零刚度环状超结构隔振器可在低频构建多个带隙,对海水泵典型频率的振动控制效果显著。

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刘海平,男,1982年生,山西吕梁人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为振动噪声预测及智能控制新理论、新方法;E-mail:

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刘海平,男,1982年生,山西吕梁人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为振动噪声预测及智能控制新理论、新方法;E-mail:

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A compact quasi-zero-stiffness mechanical metamaterial based on truncated conical shells[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences2024277:109390., articleTitle=A compact quasi-zero-stiffness mechanical metamaterial based on truncated conical shells, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241810807294591095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686766294462641, awardId=L245008, language=EN, fundingSource=Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Huairou Innovation Joint Fund Project(L245008), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241810807386865788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686766294462641, awardId=L245008, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市自然科学基金-怀柔创新联合基金项目(L245008), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241810798960509580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686766294462641, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241810798968898189, 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language=EN, label=Fig.20, caption=Transmissibility curves of the acceleration, figureFileSmall=JBzDDq6RyjZqNOb/xrqnDg==, figureFileBig=MzYFYkOn/WTFci9HlNiTNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241810806858383443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686766294462641, language=CN, label=图20, caption=加速度传递率曲线, figureFileSmall=JBzDDq6RyjZqNOb/xrqnDg==, figureFileBig=MzYFYkOn/WTFci9HlNiTNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241810806959046749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686766294462641, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Structural parameters of the unit cell

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单胞结构参数

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面向海水泵的宽频环状超结构隔振器力学设计及试验
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刘海平 1, 2 , 王哲 1 , 周诗坤 1 , 郑莉芳 1
机械强度 | 2025,47(9): 190-196
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机械强度 | 2025, 47(9): 190-196
面向海水泵的宽频环状超结构隔振器力学设计及试验
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刘海平1, 2 , 王哲1, 周诗坤1, 郑莉芳1
作者信息
  • 1.北京科技大学 机械工程学院,北京 100083
  • 2.北京科技大学 顺德创新学院,佛山 528399
  • 刘海平,男,1982年生,山西吕梁人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为振动噪声预测及智能控制新理论、新方法;E-mail:

Mechanical design and test of a broadband ring meta-structure isolator for seawater pump
Haiping LIU1, 2 , Zhe WANG1, Shikun ZHOU1, Lifang ZHENG1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2.Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China
出版时间: 2025-09-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.018
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针对海水泵工作过程中的旋转振动问题,结合实测振动特性,基于准零刚度隔振原理和超结构带隙特征设计了准零刚度环状超结构隔振器用于振动控制。首先,以典型海水泵为研究对象,以一体化准零刚度结构为基础,提出了环状超结构隔振器的结构方案。然后,分别采用有限元法和理论法建立了准零刚度单胞、一维准零刚度超结构、准零刚度环状超结构隔振器的模型,计算并分析了其静、动态力学特性,并评估了其对海水泵输出振动的隔振效果。计算分析及试验结果表明,准零刚度环状超结构隔振器可在低频构建多个带隙,对海水泵典型频率的振动控制效果显著。

一体化准零刚度  /  宽频隔振  /  超结构  /  环状隔振器  /  旋转机械

Addressing the rotational vibration issues encountered during the operation of seawater pumps, and integrating measured vibration characteristics, a quasi-zero stiffness ring meta-structure isolator was designed for vibration control based on the principles of quasi-zero stiffness isolation and the bandgap features of meta-structure. First of all, taking a typical seawater pump as the research object and based on an integrated quasi-zero stiffness structure, a structural design scheme of the ring meta-structure isolator was proposed. Then, models of quasi-zero stiffness unit cell, one-dimensional quasi-zero stiffness meta-structure and quasi-zero structure ring meta-structure isolator were established using finite element method and theoretical method, respectively. Their static and dynamic mechanical characteristics were calculated and analyzed, and their isolation effect on the output vibration of seawater pumps was evaluated. The calculation and test results show that the quasi-zero stiffness ring meta-structure isolator provides multiple bandgaps at low frequencies, and exhibits significant vibration suppression effects on typical frequencies of seawater pumps.

Integrated quasi-zero stiffness  /  Broadband vibration isolation  /  Meta-structure  /  Ring isolator  /  Rotating machinery
刘海平, 王哲, 周诗坤, 郑莉芳. 面向海水泵的宽频环状超结构隔振器力学设计及试验. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (9) : 190 -196 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.018
Haiping LIU, Zhe WANG, Shikun ZHOU, Lifang ZHENG. Mechanical design and test of a broadband ring meta-structure isolator for seawater pump[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (9) : 190 -196 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.018
水下航行器作为探索海洋资源的重要装备之一,为推动海洋强国发展提供基础支撑。其中,水下航行器的声振特征是决定其工作性能的核心指标。水下航行器中广泛使用的海水泵等旋转机械是主要声振源之一[1]。受制造装配误差、运转磨损及变形等影响,转子出现不平衡或转轴弯曲,进而引发海水泵产生强烈振动[2]。因此,对海水泵开展声振控制,是提升水下航行器技术指标的必要保障。
为解决旋转机械的振动问题,ABBASI等[3]提出了“高静低动”隔振器,通过多目标优化实现转子系统力传递率减少29%、隔振器静态承载能力提升25%的目标。路凯华等[4]采用整体式挤压油膜阻尼器实现了对滑动轴承转子系统不平衡振动的有效控制。LI等[5]采用压电陶瓷驱动构建了一种基于挤压油膜阻尼的主动凹槽补偿空气静压止推轴承,使得振动幅值显著减小。YAN等[6]针对压缩机多盘转子系统不平衡引起的振动,提出了一体化高阻尼的整体阻尼轴承方案,可显著抑制转子系统不同工况引起的振动。刘明利等[7]采用环状调谐质量阻尼器对核电厂大型立式泵组的振动实施了有效控制。此外,非线性吸振器也被引入旋转机械减振领域。SU等[8]提出了采用负刚度动力吸振器控制推进轴系的纵向振动。DOU等[9]采用了永磁体构建非线性能量阱对转子系统扭转振动的减振效率可达65.37%。GUO等[10]采用环状非线性吸振器,实现了对转子振动的有效控制;ZHANG等[11]提出了一种可满足不同边界条件环状圆柱壳宽频减振需求的圆周分布楔形锥体结构。虽然上述研究已实现转子振动的有效控制,但是受限于结构复杂、体积大、工作频率不可变、或仅给出理论方案等因素的影响,难以推广应用。
利用一体化结构的变形特征构建准零刚度隔振器,不仅可实现低频宽带隔振,而且结构紧凑便于工程应用。DALELA等[12]采用底部加筋余弦梁结构实现准零刚度特征。XU等[13]采用拓扑优化方法提出具备“轻量化、高承载、低刚度”特征的不同类型准零刚度隔振器。丁伯森等[14]重点研究不同类型冲击激励下,一体化准零刚度隔振器的抗冲击性能及关键几何参数的影响。HOU等[15]针对准零刚度隔振器不同组合方式对其宽频减振效果的影响展开研究,并发现串联安装方式影响显著。LIU等[16]提出一种变截面一体化准零刚度隔振器,通过与等截面一体化准零刚度隔振器、传统线性隔振器对比发现,所提方案的低频减振效果更好。为了进一步拓宽适用范围并提升其减振性能,科研人员探索将准零刚度结构低频宽带特征和具有超常物理特性的人工超结构相结合,提出新型减隔振方法。YANG等[17]针对水下航行器水声监测设备提出准零刚度超结构实现高性能减振。LIN等[18]提出一种局域共振型准零刚度超结构,通过优化设计将其低频带隙拓宽465%。SHU等[19]通过在准零刚度超结构表面粘贴压电薄膜实现低频宽带减振和能量收集。
综上所述,小型化、高稳定性、低频段宽带化是旋转机械振动控制始终追求的目标。结合海水泵输出振动特性和结构特点,本文提出一种准零刚度环状超结构隔振器(简称“隔振器”),采用数值仿真、理论建模、试验方法开展分析评价。相关研究可为后续工程应用提供参考和技术基础。
海水泵进水口和出水口通过法兰与输水管道连接,如图1所示。本文提出在海水泵进、出水口与输水管道之间安装隔振器,以减少传递到输水管道的振动。法兰1和橡胶阻尼环通过螺栓与海水泵出水口或进水口相连,法兰2通过螺栓与输水管道连接;隔振器内环安装在法兰2上,并通过限位环2进行限位;隔振器外环与法兰1连接,并通过限位环1进行限位;法兰2与法兰1之间安装密封圈,防止流体泄漏。从安装方式,本文提出的隔振器主要控制海水泵的径向振动,轴向振动则采用橡胶阻尼圈隔离。
隔振器由多个准零刚度单胞(简称“单胞”)构成,单胞结构需要施加预压缩才能达到准零刚度状态,单胞构型如图2所示。图2中,实线黑色区域为单胞原始状态,虚线蓝色区域为单胞准零刚度状态。其中,x1为单胞达到准零刚度状态的预压缩量;a为外壁长度;b为内壁长度;h1为外壁高度;t1为倾斜壁靠近外壁侧厚度;t0为倾斜壁靠近内壁侧厚度;d为倾斜壁水平长度;s为倾斜壁竖直高度;he为底部框架厚度;hc为中心质量高度;c1为倾斜壁初始宽度;c2为倾斜壁内侧宽度。
将单胞沿竖直方向阵列构成一维超结构,再将一维超结构沿周向阵列构成隔振器,如图3所示。可见作为一类典型的非线性准零刚度隔振器,需要将隔振器压缩至刚度近似为零的平衡位置才能达到工作状态。隔振器初始状态外环保持分开,通过环形结构限位方式,隔振器沿径向受到预压缩载荷,从而达到工作状态。
所提单胞结构的具体设计参数如表1所示,选用材料为60Si2Mn弹簧钢。
利用Ansys WorkBench有限元软件建模并分析单胞及一维超结构的静力学特性,分别在准零刚度胞元与一维准零刚度超结构底部施加固定约束,在顶部添加垂直向下的位移载荷,如图4图5所示。
单胞结构与一维准零刚度超结构的恢复力与预压缩方向相反,恢复力-位移曲线、刚度-位移曲线分别如图6图7所示。可见,单胞和一维超结构均呈准零刚度特性,且一维超结构的准零刚度位移范围更宽。同时,一维超结构在平衡位置的刚度更小,说明相同工况下,一维超结构较单胞结构稳定性与力学性能更好。
在此基础上,建立隔振器有限元模型。首先,在8个一维超结构外环面沿径向施加预应力,保证所有单胞达到准零刚度状态;接着,在内环沿径向施加位移载荷,提取内环运动时的约束反力,得到相应的恢复力-位移曲线、刚度-位移曲线,分别如图8图9所示。
可见内环运动过程中隔振器呈低刚度特征,但由于受多个一维超结构之间的耦合作用影响,准零刚度特征被削弱。
建立隔振器输水管道部分结构有限元模型,包括:隔振器、法兰2、输水管道。法兰2、输水管道均采用304不锈钢,为模拟输水管道的实际安装形式,在输水管道距离法兰面1 m处的端面添加固定约束;其余连接位置为绑定约束;在隔振器外环沿径向施加位移约束,模拟法兰1对隔振器外环面施加的预应力,使其达到工作状态;沿Y轴方向添加重力场,进行静力学分析。
计算得到隔振器连接部分的应力分布如图10所示。由图10可知,最大应力为392 MPa,小于材料屈服强度。因此,海水泵、隔振器和输水管道连接可靠。图11表明,在受载条件下,法兰2的最大变形约为3.7×10-4 m,出现在其左端,说明法兰2与海水泵出水口的对中性及隔振器静态稳定性均较好。
由于隔振器是由多个一维超结构沿周向阵列得到,所以隔振器的径向振动沿一维超结构排列方向衰减。图12(a)为一维超结构的几何结构,左侧红色虚线框内为单胞,m1m2分别为框架和中间质量,mk为倾斜梁质量。将一维超结构等效为集总弹簧-质量模型[图12(b)],k为单胞结构刚度,L为单胞沿阵列方向长度,即晶格常数。
多数超结构的等效集总弹簧-质量模型仅考虑弹性元件的刚度特性,忽略其质量特性,导致计算结果与实测数据偏差较大。根据参考文献[20],考虑倾斜梁质量,一维超结构的色散关系为
式中,q为波数。
分别利用理论法和有限元法计算得到一维超结构的色散曲线,如图13所示。由图13可知,理论模型所得带隙频率为27.72~82.12 Hz,带宽为54.40 Hz;有限元模型所得带隙频率为27.15~79.55 Hz,带宽为52.40 Hz。最大误差为3.68%,一致性良好。
利用前文所建隔振器的有限元模型,输入加速度激励,提取内环面频响结果,可得到绝对加速度响应幅值为
式中,a0为输入加速度激励幅值;ar为相对加速度响应实部;ai为相对加速度响应虚部。
加速度传递率为
计算得到的加速度传递率如图14所示。由图14可知,隔振器在28.6~48.5 Hz、70.8~168 Hz、176.5~445 Hz频率范围均存在带隙。另外,内环运动沿径向受到各一维超结构耦合作用影响,导致隔振器和一维超结构的带隙特征图13差别较大。
将海水泵实测振动数据作为输入,分析评价隔振器对海水泵进、出水口径向振动的抑制效果。首先,分别在8个一维超结构外环面沿径向施加预应力,使所有单胞结构达到静平衡状态。然后,将海水泵出水口的振动数据作为输入。最后,计算得到内环面径向的时域响应,如图15所示。
为评价隔振器的减振效果,计算出水口隔振前、后的加速度频响曲线如图16所示。由图16可知,隔振后系统响应分别在11.1、26.3、60.7 Hz附近出现谐振峰。并且对45.5、86、209 Hz附近的振动响应衰减明显,这与隔振器传递率变化规律基本一致。
将海水泵进水口的振动数据作为输入,采用相同方法,计算得到隔振器内环面径向时域响应,如图17所示。由图17可知,隔振后的时域响应均有明显衰减。
进水口隔振前和隔振后的加速度频响曲线,如图18所示。由图18可知,隔振后系统响应在10、26、64 Hz附近出现谐振峰;并且,对46、84、248 Hz附近的振动衰减比较明显,这与隔振器传递率变化规律基本一致。
为验证前述隔振器方案、理论模型及数值仿真结果的正确性,搭建隔振器动力学测试系统(图19),主要包括:隔振器、激振器、加速度传感器、信号发生器、功率放大器、数据采集卡、计算机等。隔振器采用悬吊方式并维持水平,保持质心高度与激振器输出位置一致。通过激振器顶杆与隔振器外环连接,并分别在激振器顶杆输出位置和隔振器内环面粘贴加速度传感器,以实测输入和输出的加速度信号。
通过激振器施加扫频信号,扫频范围0~100 Hz,扫频时间为500 s,输入电压的峰峰值为20 mV,采样频率为256 Hz,实测隔振器径向加速度传递率,如图20所示。由图20可知,隔振器加速度传递率在31~67 Hz、77~100 Hz频率范围存在明显带隙,可以对径向振动实现衰减。但是,由于加工制造误差,实测数据与仿真结果存在一定误差。总体而言,二者曲线变化趋势基本一致,证明所提隔振器方案有效,并可实现低频带隙。
以抑制海水泵旋转振动为目标,提出了一种准零刚度环状超结构隔振器,通过理论建模、数值仿真和试验验证,得到如下主要结论:
1)对比单胞、一维超结构和隔振器的恢复力-位移和刚度-位移曲线,一维超结构准零刚度范围比单胞大,且平衡位置附近刚度更小。另外,隔振器的刚度也较小。
2)结合理论计算结果和有限元仿真数据,认为一维超结构的色散曲线与传递率曲线呈现的带隙特征吻合度较好。
3)采用海水泵实测振动数据,结合所建模型,分析发现,隔振器对海水泵出水口在Y方向和Z方向的隔振率分别为29.88%、8.73%;对海水泵进水口在Y方向、Z方向的隔振率分别为20.02%、8.82%,对带隙内振动有明显衰减效果。
4)试验表明,隔振器实测传递率曲线与仿真结果变化趋势基本一致,且存在多个带隙。
  • 北京市自然科学基金-怀柔创新联合基金项目(L245008)
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2025年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.018
  • 接收时间:2025-05-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-05
基金
Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Huairou Innovation Joint Fund Project(L245008)
北京市自然科学基金-怀柔创新联合基金项目(L245008)
作者信息
    1.北京科技大学 机械工程学院,北京 100083
    2.北京科技大学 顺德创新学院,佛山 528399
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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