Article(id=1241686764474126505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241686759470329942, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748534400000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-30, revisedDate=1750694400000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773970794074, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1757865600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773970794074, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773970794074, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970794074, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241686759470329942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='249', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773970792882, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970911747, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241687258093375901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241686759470329942, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241687258093375902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241686759470329942, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=130, endPage=137, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241686764788699322, articleId=1241686764474126505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Numerical simulation and test research on residual stress of diamond coated by vacuum brazing, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Residual stress is the main factor affecting the machining performance and service life of brazed diamond tools. At present, in simulations, diamond is often simplified as a spherical shape, which leads to changes in the degree of structural constraint at the joint, resulting in significant differences between the calculated results and the actual situation. The evolution law and distribution characteristics of residual stress in vacuum-brazed diamonds, as well as the influence of residual stress on wear resistance, were investigated. Firstly, the geometric model of the diamond coating was optimized based on macroscopic morphology. Then, a finite element model of the stress field of vacuum brazed diamond coating was established using thermal elastoplastic mechanics, and the stress field distribution law of the diamond coating was obtained. Subsequently,residual stress measurement experiments were conducted on diamond and nickel based coatings to verify the reliability of the model. Finally, the influence of residual stress on the wear resistance of diamond coatings was explored through wear-resistant weight loss experiments. The main form of wear failure of diamond tools is diamond detachment caused by insufficient grip of the coating on diamond abrasive particles. The diamond wrapped by the brazing material layer is mainly affected by residual compressive stress, which increases the coating’s grip on the diamond. The higher residual stress inside the nickel based coating can also effectively suppress the wear-resistant failure mode of coating peeling.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHU Hongtao, E-mail:
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残余应力是影响钎涂金刚石工具加工性能和使用寿命的主要因素。目前模型中的金刚石常被简化为球形,这导致了接头处结构约束度的改变,计算结果与实际存在较大差异。针对真空钎涂金刚石残余应力的演化规律及分布特征、残余应力对耐磨性能的影响开展研究。首先,基于宏观形貌优化了金刚石涂层的几何模型,基于热弹塑性力学方法建立了真空钎涂金刚石应力场的有限元模型,得到了金刚石涂层的应力场分布规律。其次,开展了金刚石与Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层的残余应力测量试验以验证模型的可靠性。最后,结合耐磨失重试验探究了残余应力对金刚石涂层耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,金刚石工具耐磨失效的主要形式是因为涂层对金刚石磨粒把持力不足导致的金刚石脱落。被钎料层包裹的金刚石主要受到残余压应力的影响,残余压应力提高了涂层对金刚石的把持力,Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层内部较高的残余应力也可以有效抑制涂层剥落的耐磨失效形式。

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朱宏涛,男,1999年生,黑龙江大庆人,硕士;主要研究方向为金刚石钎涂;E-mail:
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李爱国,男,1981年生,山西吕梁人,硕士,研究员;主要研究方向为异质材料连接;E-mail:

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李爱国,男,1981年生,山西吕梁人,硕士,研究员;主要研究方向为异质材料连接;E-mail:

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Evaluation of stress in(111) homoepitaxial CVD diamond films by Raman spectrum and nitrogen-vacancy centers[J].Applied Physics Express202417(11):115502., articleTitle=Evaluation of stress in(111) homoepitaxial CVD diamond films by Raman spectrum and nitrogen-vacancy centers, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241810808821317868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686764474126505, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241810808829706480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686764474126505, companyId=1241810808821317868, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241810808838095087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686764474126505, companyId=1241810808821317868, 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label=Tab.1, caption=

Ni-Cr filler alloy chemical composition

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CSiCrBFeNi
≤0.064.507.003.103.00余量Balance
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Ni-Cr合金钎料的化学成分

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CSiCrBFeNi
≤0.064.507.003.103.00余量Balance
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真空钎涂金刚石残余应力的数值模拟及试验研究
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李爱国 1, 2 , 朱宏涛 2 , 赵赫 2
机械强度 | 2025,47(9): 130-137
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机械强度 | 2025, 47(9): 130-137
真空钎涂金刚石残余应力的数值模拟及试验研究
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李爱国1, 2 , 朱宏涛2 , 赵赫2
作者信息
  • 1.中国机械科学研究总院集团有限公司,北京 100044
  • 2.中国机械总院集团郑州机械研究所有限公司,郑州 450001
  • 李爱国,男,1981年生,山西吕梁人,硕士,研究员;主要研究方向为异质材料连接;E-mail:

通讯作者:

朱宏涛,男,1999年生,黑龙江大庆人,硕士;主要研究方向为金刚石钎涂;E-mail:
Numerical simulation and test research on residual stress of diamond coated by vacuum brazing
Aiguo LI1, 2 , Hongtao ZHU2 , He ZHAO2
Affiliations
  • 1.China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China
  • 2.China Academy of Machinery Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China
出版时间: 2025-09-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.012
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残余应力是影响钎涂金刚石工具加工性能和使用寿命的主要因素。目前模型中的金刚石常被简化为球形,这导致了接头处结构约束度的改变,计算结果与实际存在较大差异。针对真空钎涂金刚石残余应力的演化规律及分布特征、残余应力对耐磨性能的影响开展研究。首先,基于宏观形貌优化了金刚石涂层的几何模型,基于热弹塑性力学方法建立了真空钎涂金刚石应力场的有限元模型,得到了金刚石涂层的应力场分布规律。其次,开展了金刚石与Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层的残余应力测量试验以验证模型的可靠性。最后,结合耐磨失重试验探究了残余应力对金刚石涂层耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,金刚石工具耐磨失效的主要形式是因为涂层对金刚石磨粒把持力不足导致的金刚石脱落。被钎料层包裹的金刚石主要受到残余压应力的影响,残余压应力提高了涂层对金刚石的把持力,Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层内部较高的残余应力也可以有效抑制涂层剥落的耐磨失效形式。

真空钎涂  /  金刚石涂层  /  残余应力  /  数值模拟  /  拉曼光谱  /  耐磨性能

Residual stress is the main factor affecting the machining performance and service life of brazed diamond tools. At present, in simulations, diamond is often simplified as a spherical shape, which leads to changes in the degree of structural constraint at the joint, resulting in significant differences between the calculated results and the actual situation. The evolution law and distribution characteristics of residual stress in vacuum-brazed diamonds, as well as the influence of residual stress on wear resistance, were investigated. Firstly, the geometric model of the diamond coating was optimized based on macroscopic morphology. Then, a finite element model of the stress field of vacuum brazed diamond coating was established using thermal elastoplastic mechanics, and the stress field distribution law of the diamond coating was obtained. Subsequently,residual stress measurement experiments were conducted on diamond and nickel based coatings to verify the reliability of the model. Finally, the influence of residual stress on the wear resistance of diamond coatings was explored through wear-resistant weight loss experiments. The main form of wear failure of diamond tools is diamond detachment caused by insufficient grip of the coating on diamond abrasive particles. The diamond wrapped by the brazing material layer is mainly affected by residual compressive stress, which increases the coating’s grip on the diamond. The higher residual stress inside the nickel based coating can also effectively suppress the wear-resistant failure mode of coating peeling.

Vacuum brazing coating  /  Diamond coating  /  Residual stress  /  Numerical simulation  /  Raman spectroscopy  /  Wear resistance
李爱国, 朱宏涛, 赵赫. 真空钎涂金刚石残余应力的数值模拟及试验研究. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (9) : 130 -137 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.012
Aiguo LI, Hongtao ZHU, He ZHAO. Numerical simulation and test research on residual stress of diamond coated by vacuum brazing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (9) : 130 -137 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.012
金刚石因其极高的硬度、优异的导热性及良好的化学稳定性,在机械加工、电子封装及耐磨涂层等领域具有广泛的应用前景[1-3]。然而,金刚石与金属基体之间的物理、化学性质差异显著,导致界面结合强度不足,且在制备过程中易产生残余应力,进而影响涂层的服役性能和使用寿命[4-7]。真空钎涂技术通过活性钎料在高温下实现金刚石与基体的冶金结合,是改善界面结合的有效手段之一[8-11]。然而,钎涂过程中的热膨胀系数失配及冷却过程中的非均匀收缩,往往会在涂层中引入显著的残余应力,进而引发裂纹、剥落等失效问题[12-13]。因此,系统地研究真空钎涂金刚石涂层的残余应力分布及其影响因素,对优化工艺参数、提高涂层性能具有重要意义。
目前,针对金刚石涂层残余应力的研究多集中于试验测量[14]114790-[15],如X射线衍射、拉曼光谱等方法,但这些手段仅能获取表面或局部应力信息,难以全面揭示涂层内部的应力分布规律。数值模拟技术能够通过建立多物理场耦合模型,定量分析温度场、应力场的演变过程,为残余应力的形成机制提供理论依据[16-18]。LIU等[19]通过测量拉曼光谱峰偏移量的方法结合有限元仿真探究了真空钎涂金刚石的应力分析特征。然而,现有研究对真空钎涂金刚石过程中的热-力耦合行为及界面效应对残余应力的影响仍缺乏深入探讨,尤其是工艺参数与残余应力之间的关联性亟待进一步阐明。
本研究结合数值模拟与试验验证,建立了真空钎涂金刚石涂层残余应力的有限元模型,分析了钎涂过程中热应力的演化规律,揭示了残余应力的分布特征及关键影响因素;同时通过拉曼光谱法和压痕法对模拟结果进行试验验证,探讨了工艺参数对残余应力的调控机制;最后探究了金刚石涂层的耐磨失效机制,结合耐磨失重试验分析残余应力对涂层耐磨性能的影响。研究结果可为真空钎涂金刚石涂层的低应力制备提供指导和技术支撑,推动其在高端装备制造领域的应用。
试验研究使用的金刚石由黄河旋风股份有限公司生产,规格为35/40目,其光学形貌如图1(a)所示。试验中选用45钢作为基体,其尺寸参数为500 mm×500 mm×10 mm。预制涂层前,使用砂纸打磨抛光45钢基体至其表面无划痕。选用175目的Ni-Cr合金钎料与黏结剂按照7∶1的质量比混合并搅拌均匀,在45钢基体上预制成厚度为0.2 mm的钎料层,并在钎料层表面放置金刚石。Ni-Cr合金钎料的化学成分如表1所示,其光学形貌如图1(b)所示。涂层选用的黏结剂为自主研发的高适配绿色黏结剂。本研究使用的真空钎涂炉加热功率为200 kW,最高钎涂温度可达1 800 °C。将制备好的金刚石涂层放置于真空钎涂炉内,选用不同的钎涂温度、降温速率进行钎涂试验,钎涂工艺曲线如图2所示。钎涂温度的选取基于Ni-Cr钎料的液相线温度以保证其充分流动和铺展。本研究核心关注点之一是钎涂层的残余应力及其对失效的影响,选择适当的冷却速率作为基础工艺参数是首要考量。
针对钎涂后的金刚石涂层样品开展耐磨性能试验,由于金刚石涂层较薄且涂层研磨厚度难以精准测量,因此选取失重法评价涂层的耐磨性。采用数控平面磨床进行耐磨试验并同步记录摩擦因数,其中Al2O3砂轮转速为500 r/min,磨损时间为60 min,对不同工艺参数下的钎涂试样的耐磨性进行了研究。采用精度为0.001 g的电子天平称量试验前、后试样的质量,计算得到质量损失。
金刚石与钎料层的接头形式会直接影响其结合处的残余应力分布,金刚石的有限元模型常简化为球形,会导致残余应力分布特征与实际情况不符。为使仿真结果趋于可靠,依据宏观形貌将金刚石模型简化为六面体、八面体。金刚石涂层的几何模型如图3所示。钎涂过程中,钎料熔化铺展后会沿着金刚石进行爬升。为了使应力的模拟结果更加可靠,在真空钎涂金刚石的几何模型中考虑了钎料的爬升,钎料的爬升高度为0.1 mm,其中金刚石被钎料层包裹的深度为0.1 mm。
由于金刚石的尺寸较小,且金刚石与钎料层之间的接头形式较为复杂,为确保残余应力的计算精度,设置网格时针对金刚石、金刚石与钎料层结合处的网格进行加密处理。真空钎涂金刚石的局部网格划分如图4所示。共划分节点15 106个,网格单元7 163个。
真空钎涂过程内,各组分材料的比热容、热导率、热膨胀系数、弹性模量随着温度变化而变化,如图5所示。von Mises应力是基于剪切应变能的一种等效应力[18],本文利用von Mises屈服准则确定金属材料的临界应力状态。Ni-Cr合金钎料的屈服条件如式(1)所示。真空钎涂过程中,由于Ni-Cr合金钎料在熔化后为零应力状态,因此主要考虑冷却过程中产生的残余应力。基于热弹塑性力学的有限元方法研究不同钎涂温度、降温速率下真空钎涂金刚石残余应力的变化及分布特征。
式中,F0(σij)为屈服函数;Sij为偏应力张量;为初始的屈服应力。
当钎涂温度为1 050 °C时,冷却速率为8 °C/min,真空钎涂冷却过程中不同瞬时的应力场分布云图如图6所示。金刚石涂层的最大残余应力出现在金刚石磨粒与钎料层表面的接头处,且金刚石嵌入涂层部分受到的残余应力远高于未嵌入涂层的部分,其底部受到的残余应力最大。冷却过程中系统的降温梯度较大,Ni-Cr合金钎料的热膨胀系数远高于金刚石,其收缩受到了金刚石的限制作用,因此在钎涂接头处产生大量残余应力。由于金刚石与钎料层的接头结构拘束度较高,所以接头处存在应力集中现象。
为探究真空钎涂冷却过程中应力场的演化规律,依据应力场分布特征,采用应力探针的方法获取各特征点的应力随时间的变化曲线,特征点选取如图7所示,特征点的应力变化曲线如图8所示。冷却过程中,金刚石受到的最大残余应力为140 MPa,远小于其剪切强度(2 GPa),金刚石不会受到断裂的影响。钎涂接头处的钎料铺展受到了金刚石的制约,钎料的熔化铺展不均匀会导致钎料层局部断裂强度降低[20],Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层受到的最大残余应力约为420 MPa,可能导致微裂纹的萌生。
各特征点处的残余应力均随着冷却时间的增加而不断积累,在6 000 s后冷却至室温时,焊后残余应力达到最大值。冷却至室温后,金刚石表面的残余应力无明显变化,但Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层上DE点存在着明显的应力释放现象,这是由于Ni-Cr合金钎料具有较好的塑性,应力集中处的残余应力会随着Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层内的塑性变形而缓解。凹陷结构处较凸出结构处更容易引发残余应力的聚集[21],因此钎涂接头处钎料层上表面的残余应力值远高于金刚石内部的残余应力值。
焊后残余应力是影响金刚石涂层耐磨性能的重要指标,因此采用不同的工艺参数(钎涂温度、冷却速率)计算并对比金刚石涂层的焊后(冷却至室温并静置2 000 s)残余应力值,以探究工艺参数对残余应力的影响规律。不同钎涂温度下涂层的焊后残余应力值如图9所示。随着钎涂温度的升高,金刚石与Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层间的热膨胀系数差异增大,真空钎涂冷却过程中,Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层的收缩受到了金刚石的制约,导致焊后残余应力的增加。因此适当降低钎涂温度有利于减小焊后残余应力的积累。
不同冷却速率下涂层的焊后残余应力值如图10所示。随着冷却速率的降低,涂层内的最大焊后残余应力呈逐渐降低的趋势。适当降低真空钎涂的冷却速率,有助于Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层在高温下充分发挥其塑性变形能力,利用塑性变形释放接头处的集中应力[22],可以有效减小残余应力过大带来的危害。
为验证真空钎涂金刚石残余应力有限元模拟结果的可靠性,本文分别针对金刚石、Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层的焊后残余应力进行测量试验。金刚石的晶格畸变程度受到残余应力的影响[23],在拉曼光谱中晶格畸变以特征峰位移的形式存在。因此可以由拉曼光谱特征峰的偏移量计算残余应力[式(2)]。金刚石拉曼光谱试验内的测点选取如图11所示。无应力与有应力情况下金刚石的拉曼光谱如图12所示,其中无应力下金刚石的特征峰位于1 332.1 cm-1处,真空钎涂试样的金刚石特征峰均向右进行位移,因此真空钎涂后被钎料层包裹处的金刚石主要受到残余压应力的作用。
式中,v0为焊前金刚石的拉曼特征峰位移;v为焊后金刚石的拉曼特征峰位移;p为与金刚石Grueneisen常数、泊松比有关的常数,根据经验取为2.88[14]114790
选用压痕法测量Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层上表面的残余应力值,分析压痕过程中残余应力对材料塑性变形的影响,建立压痕形貌参数与残余应力的定量关系。针对Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层,残余应力会改变压痕周围塑性变形区的分布,进而影响压痕投影面积的变化。残余应力会显著影响压痕的形状与大小,如图13所示。由图13可知,拉应力会引起试样的凹陷,压应力会引起试样的凸起。Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层试样的残余应力满足二维等轴条件,基于能量平衡,计算残余应力的常用经验计算式为
式中,A0为无应力状态下的压痕投影面积;A为所测试样试验测量的压痕投影面积;K为Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层的材料相关系数,通过使用标定试验确定;σr为Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层的残余应力。
拉曼光谱针对金刚石磨粒边缘与中心差异的分辨率不足,金刚石表面粗糙度的改变也会导致拉曼光谱的聚焦误差,两者均会导致较小系统误差的生成。Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层在冷却过程中存在相变,相变使涂层的表面粗糙度发生变化,会干扰压头接触,导致压痕形状畸变,影响面积变化的尺寸精度,导致涂层的残余应力计算有较小的系统误差。不同钎涂温度下,金刚石与涂层的焊后残余应力的测量值(测点位置的法向应力)与模拟计算值(von Mises应力)如图14所示。误差分析结果表明,涂层与金刚石的焊后残余应力的测量值与模拟计算值变化趋势一致,有效证明了该模型的可靠性。
金刚石涂层的耐磨失效机制如图15所示。其主要失效形式为:金刚石脱落、金刚石破碎。金刚石为sp3杂化结构,其屈服强度极高,因此金刚石工具磨削与切削时,金刚石破碎失效相较于金刚石脱落失效发生较少。被钎料层包裹的金刚石主要受到残余压应力的影响,残余压应力提高了涂层对金刚石的把持力。
为进一步分析金刚石涂层的耐磨失效机制,记录每15 min的磨损量,金刚石涂层每15 min的磨损失质量如图16所示。当钎涂温度为1 030 °C,保温时间为5 min,冷却速率为5 °C/min时,金刚石的耐磨性能较好。可以观察到磨损初期(0~15 min)金刚石工具的磨损失质量均较大,这是由于磨损初期金刚石工具失效的主要形式是因涂层对金刚石磨粒把持力不足导致的金刚石脱落。磨损中期金刚石工具失效的主要形式是涂层剥落,由于Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层内应力较高,且金刚石的出露度较高对于涂层和基体保护较好,此阶段发生的涂层剥落较少。磨损后期金刚石工具失效的主要形式是因磨削对金刚石的法向应力积累导致的金刚石磨粒的破碎,由于金刚石的硬度及强度极高,这一过程带来的磨损失质量较为稳定且小于前期,有效保护了钢基体不被磨损。
采用基于有限元模拟与试验相结合的方法,系统地研究了保温时间、冷却速率对真空钎涂金刚石残余应力的影响,解释了金刚石涂层的耐磨失效机制,探究了焊后残余应力对涂层耐磨性能的影响。得到如下结论:
1)由于金刚石与钎料层的接头结构约束度较高,金刚石与Ni-Cr合金钎料的热膨胀系数差异巨大,金刚石涂层的最大残余应力出现在钎料层底部与金刚石磨粒之间的结合处。
2)钎涂接头处钎料层的几何结构为凹陷型,凹陷结构处相较于凸出结构处更易引发残余应力的聚集,钎料层上表面的残余应力值远高于金刚石表面的残余应力值。
3)真空钎涂冷却至室温后,金刚石表面的残余应力无明显变化,但由于Ni-Cr合金钎料具有较好的塑性,Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层上存在着明显的应力释放现象,应力集中处的残余应力会随着Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层内的塑性变形而缓解。
4)金刚石工具失效的主要形式是因涂层对金刚石磨粒把持力不足导致的金刚石脱落。被钎料层包裹的金刚石主要受到残余压应力的影响,残余压应力提高了涂层对金刚石的把持力;Ni-Cr合金钎料涂层内部较高的残余应力也可以有效抑制涂层剥落的耐磨失效形式。
本研究基于单颗粒金刚石模型揭示了真空钎涂过程中的残余应力分布规律及其主要影响因素,为理解涂层失效机制提供了重要基础。然而,实际钎涂层是由大量金刚石颗粒组成的复杂体系,颗粒间的相互作用(应力场叠加)对整体残余应力状态和失效行为具有一定的影响,这是单颗粒模型无法充分反映的。因此,未来的研究将重点建立多颗粒金刚石钎涂层的细观/宏观模型。
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2025年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.012
  • 接收时间:2025-05-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-30
  • 修回日期:2025-06-24
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    1.中国机械科学研究总院集团有限公司,北京 100044
    2.中国机械总院集团郑州机械研究所有限公司,郑州 450001

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朱宏涛,男,1999年生,黑龙江大庆人,硕士;主要研究方向为金刚石钎涂;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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