Article(id=1241686763584934019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241686759470329942, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751990400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773970793863, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1757865600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773970793863, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773970793863, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970793863, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241686759470329942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='249', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773970792882, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970911747, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241687258093375901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241686759470329942, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241687258093375902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241686759470329942, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=122, endPage=129, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241686763987587212, articleId=1241686763584934019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Fatigue life analysis and prediction of planetary gear bearings in electromechanical composite transmission systems, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the problems of unclear internal load evolution law of the electromechanical composite transmission system for high-speed tracked vehicles and the lack of fatigue life prediction method for planetary gear bearings,a dynamic model of planetary gear bearings in the electromechanical composite transmission system was established to obtain the distribution law of contact loads on planetary gear bearings. A fatigue life prediction method based on the dynamic load characteristics of planetary gear bearings was proposed, which provides certain guiding significance for the optimization and design of the planetary mechanism in the electromechanical composite transmission system. Considering the effects of multi-row coupling effect of the electromechanical composite transmission system, gear time-varying meshing stiffness excitation,and nonlinear support stiffness excitation of planetary gear bearings, a dynamic model of the electromechanical composite transmission system was established using Simpack to obtain the load-bearing conditions of planetary gear bearings.Furthermore, a dynamic model of planetary gear bearings was established using the lumped mass method to analyze the evolution law of contact loads on planetary gear bearings. Then, a fatigue life analysis and prediction model for planetary gear bearings was established using the L-P formula to analyze the variation law of fatigue life of cylindrical roller bearings for planetary gears under different working conditions. The results show that at high rotational speeds, the centrifugal force of the planetary gear bearings during revolution has a significant impact on the contact loads and fatigue life of the planetary gear bearings. At lower rotational speeds, the service life of the planetary gear bearings in the reduction gear increases with the rotational speed. At higher rotational speeds, the service life of the planetary gear bearings in the reduction gear decreases with the increase in rotational speed. At high rotational speeds, measures such as profile modification of the rolling elements of planetary gear bearings can be taken to extend the service life according to the life requirements of the electromechanical composite transmission system.

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GAI Jiangtao, E-mail:
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针对高速履带车辆机电复合传动系统内部载荷演化规律不明、行星轮轴承疲劳寿命预测方法缺乏的问题,建立机电复合传动系统行星轮轴承动力学模型,获取行星轮轴承接触载荷分布规律,提出了基于行星轮轴承动载特性的疲劳寿命预测方法,为机电复合传动系统行星机构的优化和设计提供一定的指导作用。考虑机电复合传动系统多排耦合效应、齿轮时变啮合刚度激励以及行星轮轴承非线性支撑刚度激励影响,采用Simpack软件建立了机电复合传动系统动力学模型,获得了行星轮轴承承载情况,进一步采用集中质量法建立行星轮轴承动力学模型,分析行星轮轴承接触载荷演化规律,进而采用Lundberg-Palmygren(L-P)公式建立了行星轮轴承疲劳寿命分析与预测模型,分析了不同工况下行星轮圆柱滚子轴承疲劳寿命变化规律。结果表明,在高转速时,行星轮轴承公转离心力对行星轮轴承接触载荷和疲劳寿命有显著影响;在转速较低时,减速排行星轮轴承寿命随着转速的增加而增大;在转速较高时,减速排行星轮轴承寿命随着转速的增加而减小;在高转速时,根据机电复合传动系统寿命要求,可采取行星轮轴承滚动体修形等措施延寿。

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盖江涛,男,1981年生,山东莱阳人,博士,研究员;主要研究方向为坦克装甲车辆传动系统设计;E-mail:

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盖江涛,男,1981年生,山东莱阳人,博士,研究员;主要研究方向为坦克装甲车辆传动系统设计;E-mail:

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盖江涛,男,1981年生,山东莱阳人,博士,研究员;主要研究方向为坦克装甲车辆传动系统设计;E-mail:

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orderNo=5, keyword=疲劳寿命)], refs=[Reference(id=1241810821072883870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686763584934019, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=7, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=GUO Y, PARKER R G, journalName=Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO YPARKER R G. 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Chongqing:Chongqing University,2023:1-160.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Dynamic modeling of planetary roller bearing and study on roller-cage impact characteristics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241810822868046007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686763584934019, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=李鑫斌, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李鑫斌. 磨损及故障误差激励的行星轴承动力学建模与仿真研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2022:1-140., articleTitle=磨损及故障误差激励的行星轴承动力学建模与仿真研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241810822947737785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686763584934019, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=12, authorNames=LI Xinbin, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Xinbin. 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Chongqing:Chongqing University,2022:1-140.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Planetary bearing dynamic modelling and simulation under wear and defect error excitation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241810823069372605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686763584934019, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=13, authorNames=王海亮, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王海亮. 圆柱滚动体轴承母线修形与力学性能研究[D]. 大连:大连理工大学,2013:1-79., articleTitle=圆柱滚动体轴承母线修形与力学性能研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241810823153258689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686763584934019, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=14, authorNames=WANG Hailiang, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Hailiang. Research on cylindrical roller bearing crown and mechanical property[D]. Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2013:1-79.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Research on cylindrical roller bearing crown and mechanical property, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241810823249727684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686763584934019, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=27, issue=8, pageStart=2280, pageEnd=2290, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=15, authorNames=LIU J, PANG R K, LI H W, journalName=Journal of Central South University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU JPANG R KLI H Wet al. Influence of support stiffness on vibrations of a planet gear system considering ring with flexible support[J]. 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A failure analysis of the support bearings of an aero engine in a bench test with multiple supports[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering202157(23):116-123.(In Chinese), articleTitle=A failure analysis of the support bearings of an aero engine in a bench test with multiple supports, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241810820380823695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686763584934019, awardId=51230512, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(51230512), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241810820485681297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686763584934019, awardId=51230512, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(51230512), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241810820603121814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686763584934019, awardId=null, language=EN, fundingSource=Vehicle Propulsion Special Project of SASTIND, fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241810820707979417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241810818329809018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686763584934019, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同输入转速下减速排行星轮轴承疲劳寿命, figureFileSmall=6CuH/FTyaex7r9sRDf50+A==, figureFileBig=m4bC+/S8BjZrubIsXPVJrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241810818396917884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686763584934019, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Gear parameter table of electromechanical compound transmission system

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参数
Parameters
减速排
Reduction planetary gear set
耦合排
Coupling planetary gear set
变速排
Transmission planetary gear set
太阳轮齿数
Sun gear tooth number Zt
373023
齿圈齿数
Ring gear tooth number Zq
796657
行星轮齿数
Planet gear tooth number Zx
221918
行星轮数量
Planet gear number Np
444
齿轮模数
Gear module m/mm
344
分度圆压力角α0/(°)
Pitch circle pressure angle
202020
齿顶高系数
Addendum coefficient h*
1.01.01.0
径向间隙系数
Radial clearance coefficient c*
0.250.250.25
齿根圆角半径系数
Root fillet radius coefficient ρf
0.380.380.38
变位系数
Modification coefficient
Xt0.500
Xq2.618 22.337 13.058 1
Xx0.414 65.3610.842 5
啮合齿宽Mesh tooth width b/mm283240
), ArticleFig(id=1241810818472415359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686763584934019, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

机电复合传动系统齿轮参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
Parameters
减速排
Reduction planetary gear set
耦合排
Coupling planetary gear set
变速排
Transmission planetary gear set
太阳轮齿数
Sun gear tooth number Zt
373023
齿圈齿数
Ring gear tooth number Zq
796657
行星轮齿数
Planet gear tooth number Zx
221918
行星轮数量
Planet gear number Np
444
齿轮模数
Gear module m/mm
344
分度圆压力角α0/(°)
Pitch circle pressure angle
202020
齿顶高系数
Addendum coefficient h*
1.01.01.0
径向间隙系数
Radial clearance coefficient c*
0.250.250.25
齿根圆角半径系数
Root fillet radius coefficient ρf
0.380.380.38
变位系数
Modification coefficient
Xt0.500
Xq2.618 22.337 13.058 1
Xx0.414 65.3610.842 5
啮合齿宽Mesh tooth width b/mm283240
), ArticleFig(id=1241810818598244482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686763584934019, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Parameter table of planetary gear cylindrical roller bearings

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参数
Parameters
减速排行星轮轴承
Planetary bearing in reduction planetary gear set
耦合排行星轮轴承
Planetary bearing in coupling planetary gear set
内径Inner diameter/mm2525
外径Outer diameter/mm4752
厚度Width/mm11.914.88
内滚道直径
Inner ring diameter/mm
30.431.42
外滚道直径
Outer ring diameter/mm
40.8846.06
节圆直径Pitch diameter/mm35.6438.74
滚子数Roller number1512
滚子直径Roller diameter/mm5.247.32
滚子长度Roller length/mm5.78.78
保持架内径
Cage inner diameter/mm
33.4436.48
保持架外径
Cage outer diameter/mm
38.5440.96
引导面直径
Cage guide diameter/mm
38.8843.92
径向游隙
Radial clearance/μm
3738
), ArticleFig(id=1241810818673741958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686763584934019, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

行星轮圆柱滚子轴承参数表

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参数
Parameters
减速排行星轮轴承
Planetary bearing in reduction planetary gear set
耦合排行星轮轴承
Planetary bearing in coupling planetary gear set
内径Inner diameter/mm2525
外径Outer diameter/mm4752
厚度Width/mm11.914.88
内滚道直径
Inner ring diameter/mm
30.431.42
外滚道直径
Outer ring diameter/mm
40.8846.06
节圆直径Pitch diameter/mm35.6438.74
滚子数Roller number1512
滚子直径Roller diameter/mm5.247.32
滚子长度Roller length/mm5.78.78
保持架内径
Cage inner diameter/mm
33.4436.48
保持架外径
Cage outer diameter/mm
38.5440.96
引导面直径
Cage guide diameter/mm
38.8843.92
径向游隙
Radial clearance/μm
3738
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机电复合传动系统行星轮轴承疲劳寿命分析与预测
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盖江涛 1 , 李淑君 2 , 张强 1
机械强度 | 2025,47(9): 122-129
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机械强度 | 2025, 47(9): 122-129
机电复合传动系统行星轮轴承疲劳寿命分析与预测
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盖江涛1 , 李淑君2, 张强1
作者信息
  • 1.中国北方车辆研究所 先进越野系统技术全国重点实验室,北京 100072
  • 2.中国人民解放军32381部队,北京 100072
  • 盖江涛,男,1981年生,山东莱阳人,博士,研究员;主要研究方向为坦克装甲车辆传动系统设计;E-mail:

Fatigue life analysis and prediction of planetary gear bearings in electromechanical composite transmission systems
Jiangtao GAI1 , Shujun LI2, Qiang ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Chinese Scholartree Ridge State Key Laboratory, China North Vehicle Research Institute, Beijing 100072, China
  • 2.Unit 32381 of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100072, China
出版时间: 2025-09-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.011
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针对高速履带车辆机电复合传动系统内部载荷演化规律不明、行星轮轴承疲劳寿命预测方法缺乏的问题,建立机电复合传动系统行星轮轴承动力学模型,获取行星轮轴承接触载荷分布规律,提出了基于行星轮轴承动载特性的疲劳寿命预测方法,为机电复合传动系统行星机构的优化和设计提供一定的指导作用。考虑机电复合传动系统多排耦合效应、齿轮时变啮合刚度激励以及行星轮轴承非线性支撑刚度激励影响,采用Simpack软件建立了机电复合传动系统动力学模型,获得了行星轮轴承承载情况,进一步采用集中质量法建立行星轮轴承动力学模型,分析行星轮轴承接触载荷演化规律,进而采用Lundberg-Palmygren(L-P)公式建立了行星轮轴承疲劳寿命分析与预测模型,分析了不同工况下行星轮圆柱滚子轴承疲劳寿命变化规律。结果表明,在高转速时,行星轮轴承公转离心力对行星轮轴承接触载荷和疲劳寿命有显著影响;在转速较低时,减速排行星轮轴承寿命随着转速的增加而增大;在转速较高时,减速排行星轮轴承寿命随着转速的增加而减小;在高转速时,根据机电复合传动系统寿命要求,可采取行星轮轴承滚动体修形等措施延寿。

机电复合传动系统  /  行星轮轴承  /  动力学建模  /  接触载荷  /  疲劳寿命

To address the problems of unclear internal load evolution law of the electromechanical composite transmission system for high-speed tracked vehicles and the lack of fatigue life prediction method for planetary gear bearings,a dynamic model of planetary gear bearings in the electromechanical composite transmission system was established to obtain the distribution law of contact loads on planetary gear bearings. A fatigue life prediction method based on the dynamic load characteristics of planetary gear bearings was proposed, which provides certain guiding significance for the optimization and design of the planetary mechanism in the electromechanical composite transmission system. Considering the effects of multi-row coupling effect of the electromechanical composite transmission system, gear time-varying meshing stiffness excitation,and nonlinear support stiffness excitation of planetary gear bearings, a dynamic model of the electromechanical composite transmission system was established using Simpack to obtain the load-bearing conditions of planetary gear bearings.Furthermore, a dynamic model of planetary gear bearings was established using the lumped mass method to analyze the evolution law of contact loads on planetary gear bearings. Then, a fatigue life analysis and prediction model for planetary gear bearings was established using the L-P formula to analyze the variation law of fatigue life of cylindrical roller bearings for planetary gears under different working conditions. The results show that at high rotational speeds, the centrifugal force of the planetary gear bearings during revolution has a significant impact on the contact loads and fatigue life of the planetary gear bearings. At lower rotational speeds, the service life of the planetary gear bearings in the reduction gear increases with the rotational speed. At higher rotational speeds, the service life of the planetary gear bearings in the reduction gear decreases with the increase in rotational speed. At high rotational speeds, measures such as profile modification of the rolling elements of planetary gear bearings can be taken to extend the service life according to the life requirements of the electromechanical composite transmission system.

Electromechanical composite transmission system  /  Planetary gear bearing  /  Dynamic modeling  /  Contact load  /  Fatigue life
盖江涛, 李淑君, 张强. 机电复合传动系统行星轮轴承疲劳寿命分析与预测. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (9) : 122 -129 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.011
Jiangtao GAI, Shujun LI, Qiang ZHANG. Fatigue life analysis and prediction of planetary gear bearings in electromechanical composite transmission systems[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (9) : 122 -129 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.011
新型高速履带车辆传动系统机电复合传动集成了机械驱动和电动机驱动两者的优点,能够大幅提升车辆机动性,提供大功率电能供给。高速化是电驱动发展趋势,是提升系统功率密度的有效途径,目前国外机电复合传动用驱动电动机最高转速已超过14 000 r/min。对于履带装甲车辆机电复合传动系统,高转速条件下功率耦合机构行星轮轴承速度大幅增加,可造成轴承可靠性降低或磨损失效等问题,成为机电复合传动系统强度设计的关键问题,高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承动态载荷变化会严重影响其疲劳寿命,需要针对其建立专门的疲劳寿命分析预测模型,为提高机电耦合传动系统的寿命和可靠性提供理论基础。
在行星轮轴承接触载荷计算方面,GUO等[1]采用弹簧-阻尼单元模拟行星轮轴承滚动体,建立了行星轮系统动力学模型,分析了轴承游隙对行星轮系振动特性和行星轮轴承接触载荷的影响规律。LIU等[2-3]采用Simpack软件建立了行星轮系动力学模型,分析了不同行星轮轴承游隙和故障对行星轮系振动特性和行星轮轴承接触载荷演化的影响。SHI等[4-6]根据行星排运动学关系建立行星轮轴承公转离心力计算模型,采用集中质量法建立了行星轮轴承动力学模型,分析了行星轮轴承滚道波纹度和保持架断裂对行星轮轴承接触载荷的影响规律。LIU等[7]、LI等[8-9]考虑行星轮轴承滚动体和保持架的动力学特性,建立了双星行星排动力学模型,分析了转速、滚道时变模型和滚动体几何偏差对行星轮轴承接触特性的影响规律。师志峰[10]、李鑫斌[11]分别采用集中质量模型建立了单星行星排和双星行星排动力学模型,考虑了行星轮轴承滚动体平移自由度、自转自由度和公转自由度以及保持架的平移自由度和自转自由度的影响,并建立了行星轮轴承的公转离心力模型。
在轴承寿命预测方面,王海亮[12]利用切片法和影响系数法对圆柱滚子轴承的滚动体接触进行了有限长线接触问题的建模,并利用该模型计算分析倾斜角度、修形方式、修形量大小对滚动体接触的影响规律。LIU等[13]建立了单排行星轮系有限元模型,并在高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承上布置了局部故障,通过仿真研究了高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承的局部故障尺寸与振动特征之间的映射关系。何贞志等[14]提出了一种圆锥滚子对数修形的优化设计方法,给出了修形圆锥滚子-滚道间接触应力分布的分析模型及轴承疲劳寿命的计算模型,分析了特定工况下修形参数对接触应力及轴承疲劳寿命的影响,确定了对数修形设计的参数;以轴承疲劳寿命作为修形设计的目标函数,经过定量分析,得到了最佳对数修形参数。李威等[15]以威布尔材料强度统计理论为基础,针对行星变速系统中高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承的运动及受力特点,提出了高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承疲劳可靠性分析基本思路,建立了评价其可靠性的数字模型。
本文采用Simpack建立了机电复合传动系统动力学模型,获得行星轮轴承的承载边界条件,进而建立减速排行星轮轴承动力学模型,分析了减速排行星轮轴承载荷分布规律,采用Lundberg-Palmgren(L-P)轴承疲劳寿命公式建立减速排行星轮轴承疲劳寿命分析与预测模型,计算了低速和高速时,减速排行星轮轴承寿命,为机电复合传动系统的设计与优化奠定了基础。
本文建模流程如图1所示,采用Simpack软件获得不同工况下的轴承承载情况,作为行星轮轴承载荷边界条件。建立高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承动力学模型,获得内部动态载荷分布规律,考虑高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承各组成部分的材料属性,分析高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承疲劳寿命的使用概率和破坏概率,研究高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承疲劳寿命的Weibull分布。针对高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承单个套圈的额定寿命问题,分析单个套圈额定寿命与滚动体负载的关系,计算高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承套圈额定滚子负载,研究滚子参数与滚动体负载的映射规律。计算高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承套圈当量滚子负载,用当量滚子负载替换滚动体负载;计算高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承单个套圈的额定寿命,以及整套高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承的额定寿命,建立高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承的疲劳寿命计算模型,提出高速行星轮圆柱滚子轴承疲劳寿命预测方法。
根据行星排轮齿啮合关系及部件连接关系,利用Simpack多体动力学仿真软件,搭建行星排多体动力学仿真模型,如图2所示。根据行星排齿轮参数、质量、转动惯量及其位置信息,在Simpack软件建模环境下构建齿轮及行星架模型。利用Simpack多体动力学仿真软件中包括#0:0 Degree of Freedom(0自由度)、#1:Revolute al(绕X轴旋转自由度)、#23:Planar al-y-z(绕X轴旋转及YZ平面平动自由度)等自由度约束铰链;#88:Rolling Bearing(滚动轴承)、#225:Gear Pair(齿轮)、#93:Force/Torque by u(t)Cmp(力/转矩)等力元,实现行星排的运动及动力传输。
行星轮轴承动力学模型如图3所示,包含内、外圈滚道、滚子、保持架、轴和轴承座支撑结构,图中j为滚子编号,j=1,2,…,NbNb为滚子数。滚子与内、外圈滚道之间的接触类型为赫兹接触,其接触力依据赫兹接触理论计算。假设滚子轴承各组成部分的质心和几何形心一致,各组成部分在动力学模型中用质量代替,内外圈质量表示为mimo,单个滚子的质量用mr表示,保持架质量用mc表示。该模型考虑滚子轴承在平面内的位移和转动,内、外圈滚道只考虑平面内位移,滚子和保持架则需要另外考虑转动方向的位移,滚子的转动自由度包括公转和自转,保持架转动自由度只考虑公转方向自由度。轴承内圈与转动轴之间的弹性支撑刚度和阻尼分别用kscs表示;轴承外圈与轴承座之间的弹性支撑刚度和阻尼分别用khch表示。滚子与内、外圈滚道之间的接触刚度和阻尼分别用cico表示,该模型还考虑滚子与保持架之间的碰撞冲击作用,将滚子与保持架横梁之间的冲击碰撞简化为
内滚道的动力学方程为
式中,xiyi分别为轴承内滚道在XY方向的振动位移;QxQy为转动轴对轴承内滚道的作用力;分别为所有滚子对内滚道接触力合力在XY方向的分力,即
式中,θj为第j个滚子的位置角;为第j个滚子与内滚道之间的接触变形,可表示为
式中,xi(t)、yi(t)分别为轴承内滚道在XY方向的振动位移;分别为第j个滚子在XY方向的振动位移;Cr为轴承径向游隙;hi为油膜厚度;βj为接触变形系数。βj可表示为
式中,vt)为滚子滑动速度;ωc为滚子公转角速度。ωc表达式为
式中,ωs为轴承外滚道的转动速度;Db为滚子直径;α为轴承接触角;Dp为轴承的公称直径。
为轴承内滚道上的阻尼力,可表示为
油膜厚度用弹性流体动力润滑理论计算,可表示为
式中,αo为润滑油黏度系数;η0为大气压下的动力黏度;u为表面平均速度;E0为等效弹性模量;q为作用在单元长度上的载荷。
油膜刚度由载荷和油膜厚度之间的关系计算得到,为
滚子与滚道总的接触刚度为
式中,k为赫兹接触刚度。由Palmgren方法计算获得的接触刚度为
式中,l为滚子有效接触长度。
滚子动力学方程为
式中,xoyo分别为轴承外滚道在XY方向上的振动位移;FcxFcy分别为滚子自转离心力在XY方向的分力;FcexFcey分别为滚子公转离心力在XY方向的分力;μbμc分别为滚子-滚道、滚子-保持架的摩擦因数;FinFout分别为滚子-内滚道、滚子-外滚道的接触力;分别为所有滚子对外滚道接触力合力在XY方向的分力,即
式中,为滚子与轴承外滚道之间的接触变形。
式中,ho为滚子-外滚道油膜厚度。
外滚道动力学方程为
式中,kh为外圈支承刚度;为滚子作用在外滚道上面的阻尼力。
保持架动力学方程为
式中,Fcjfcj分别为滚子与保持架之间的冲击碰撞力和摩擦力;FcxFcyMc分别为保持架与引导面之间油膜产生的力和力矩。
式中,η0为润滑剂的动力黏度;u1为润滑油牵引速度,u1=R1ωo+ωc);L1为保持架引导面的宽度;ω0为外圈滚道的角速度;R1为保持架引导面半径;ε为保持架相对偏心度,ε=e/CgCg为保持架与外圈滚道之间的间隙;C1为保持架引导面间隙;V1为保持架与引导面之间的相对速度,V1=R1ωo-ωc);e为保持架径向方向总位移,。上述载荷转化到惯性坐标系中,可表示为
式中,ϕc=arctan(yc/xc)。
行星轮轴承滚子所受离心力作用如图4所示。其中,Fc为滚子绕轴承中心轴线旋转产生的离心力;Fce为滚子绕太阳轮中心轴线产生的离心力。行星轮在高速旋转状态下,产生很大的离心力,导致Fce显著增高,滚子与保持架间的作用力也随着增大,有
式中,mr为滚子质量;ω为滚子公转角速度;ωc为滚子绕太阳轮转速;r为滚子公转半径;ri为滚子绕太阳轮转动半径;rc为行星架半径;ϕ为离心力Fc和坐标轴x之间的夹角。
x轴方向的总离心力为
式中,ψ为离心力Fce与坐标轴x之间的夹角。对于一个给定的滚动体,夹角ψ的表达式为
y轴方向上的总离心力表达式为
行星轮轴承保持架所受离心力作用如图5所示,其中,Fcage为保持架绕太阳轮中心轴线产生的离心力。行星轮在高速旋转状态下产生很大的离心力,导致Fcage显著增高,保持架和行星轮之间的作用力也随之增大。Fcage
式中,mcage为保持架质量;ωcarrier为行星架角速度;rc为行星轮的分布半径。
Lundberg和Palmgren给出的线接触向心轴承寿命的计算式为
式中,QcQ分别为滚动体-滚道基本动载荷容量和当量载荷。
式中,∓和±,上面符号-、+用于内滚道接触,下面符号+、-用于外滚道接触。
对于线接触滚道,用四次方平均滚子载荷代替三次方平方滚子载荷,即
式中,Qj为滚子-滚道接触载荷,可根据动力学方程获得。
旋转滚道的疲劳寿命可表示为
式中,Q为旋转滚道(本文为外滚道)的基本动载荷,可根据式(36)计算。
非旋转滚道的当量载荷为
非旋转滚道的寿命为
式中,Qcv为非旋转滚道(本文为内滚道)的基本动载荷,可根据式(36)计算。
线接触滚子轴承的寿命计算式为
机电复合传动系统齿轮和行星轮轴承结构参数如表1表2所示,机电传动系统采用定功率输入,输入功率为150 kW,分析在不同转速下的减速排行星轮振动、行星轮接触载荷和疲劳寿命演化规律。
输入转速为1 000 r/min时减速排行星轮振动加速度如图6所示,减速排行星轮x方向振动加速度的有效值(Root Mean Square Value, RMS value)和最大值(Maximum Value, Max value)分别为1 492 m/s2和9 351 m/s2,减速排行星轮y方向振动加速度的有效值和最大值分别为1 491 m/s2和8 229.8 m/s2
不同输入转速下减速排行星轮振动加速度统计特征值如图7所示。由图7可知,定功率输入下,减速排行星轮振动加速度有效值随着输入转速的增大整体先增加后减小;在输入转速为2 000 r/min时,减速排行星轮振动加速度最大;减速排行星轮振动加速度有效值随着输入转速的增大整体减小。
输入转速为1 000 r/min时减速排行星轮轴承接触载荷如图8所示。由图8可知,减速排行星轮轴承滚动体-内圈接触载荷有效值和最大值分别为548.32 N和1 118.94 N,减速排行星轮轴承滚动体-外圈接触载荷有效值和最大值分别为548.41 N和1 119.09 N。
不同输入转速下减速排行星轮轴承接触载荷统计特征值如图9所示。由图9可知,定功率输入下,减速排行星轮轴承接触载荷随着输入转速的增大先减小后增大;在输入转速为6 000 r/min时,减速排行星轮轴承接触载荷最小。出现该现象的原因是机电复合传动系统采用定功率输入,随着输入转速的增加,如输入转矩下降,齿轮啮合力减小,导致减速排行星轮轴承接触载荷减小,但是随着转速进一步升高,减速排行星轮和行星轮轴承的公转离心力增大,导致接触载荷随着转速增加而增大。该现象表明,在输入转速小于6 000 r/min时,齿轮啮合力对行星轮轴承接触载荷的影响较大,当输入转速大于6 000 r/min,公转离心力是行星轮轴承接触载荷的主要影响因素。
为了证明提出的行星轮轴承疲劳寿命计算方法的正确性,将本文方法计算结果与刘静等[16]116-123的方法进行对比,如图10所示。由图10可知,本文提出方法和刘静等[16]116-123的方法计算出的疲劳寿命变化规律一致,差异均小于5.66%,证明了本文提出的疲劳寿命计算方法的正确性。定功率输入下,随着输入转速的升高,减速排行星轮轴承疲劳寿命先增大后减小;减速排行星轮轴承疲劳寿命在输入转速为6 000 r/min时最大,为43 869 h,在输入转速为12 000 r/min时最小,为892.134 h。这种现象表明,在高转速工况下,机电复合传动系统公转离心力对减速排行星轮轴承疲劳寿命有着显著影响,随着输入转速的增加,减速排行星轮轴承疲劳寿命显著降低。随着机电复合传动系统转速进一步提高,行星轮轴承疲劳寿命应当进一步关注,可采取轴承滚动体修形等措施延长寿命。
针对高速履带车辆机电复合传动系统内部载荷演化规律不明、行星轮轴承疲劳寿命预测方法缺乏等问题,首先采用Simpack软件建立了机电复合传动系统动力学模型,获得了行星轮轴承承载边界条件,进一步采用集中质量法建立行星轮轴承动力学模型,分析行星轮轴承接触载荷演化规律。基于行星轮轴承接触载荷分析结果。采用L-P公式建立了行星轮轴承疲劳寿命分析与预测模型,并分析了不同工况下行星轮圆柱滚子轴承疲劳寿命,主要结论如下:
1)定功率输入下,减速排行星轮振动加速度有效值随着输入转速的增大整体先增加后减小;减速排行星轮振动加速度有效值随着输入转速的增大整体减小。
2)定功率输入下,在输入转速为6 000 r/min时,减速排行星轮轴承接触载荷最小,行星轮轴承疲劳寿命最长。
3)减速排行星轮轴承接触载荷随着输入转速的增大先减小后增大,该现象表明,输入转速小于6 000 r/min时,行星排传递转矩较大,齿轮啮合力对行星轮轴承接触载荷的影响较大;当输入转速大于6 000 r/min,行星排传递转矩较小,但轴承公转离心力显著增加,导致行星轮轴承接触载荷增加。
4)在高转速工况下,机电复合传动系统公转离心力对减速排行星轮轴承疲劳寿命有着显著影响,随着输入转速的增加,减速排行星轮轴承疲劳寿命显著降低。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51230512)
  • 国防科工局车用动力专项
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2025年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.011
  • 接收时间:2025-07-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-09
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(51230512)
国家自然科学基金项目(51230512)
Vehicle Propulsion Special Project of SASTIND
国防科工局车用动力专项
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    1.中国北方车辆研究所 先进越野系统技术全国重点实验室,北京 100072
    2.中国人民解放军32381部队,北京 100072
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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