Article(id=1241686760678281295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241686759470329942, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745337600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773970793169, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1757865600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773970793169, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773970793169, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970793169, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241686759470329942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='249', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773970792882, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773970911747, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241687258093375901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241686759470329942, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241687258093375902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241686759470329942, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=213, endPage=220, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241686760862830674, articleId=1241686760678281295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Design and dynamic response analysis of sandwich tube under internal blast loading, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Sandwich structures are widely used in aerospace, national defense and other fields due to their lightweight and energy-absorbing properties, and it is of great significance to improve their anti-explosion performance under internal explosion loads.Three structures were designed, including ring sandwich tube (R), polyurethane foam sandwich tube (F), and ring-polyurethane foam hybrid sandwich tube (RF), with the non-filled sandwich tube (A) as the control group. Through internal explosion load tests and finite element simulations, the deformation modes and energy absorption capacities of the four structures under different explosive amounts were compared and analyzed, and the influence of foam filling methods on the mechanical properties of sandwich tubes was explored.The results showed that, compared with the control group, the non-dimensional deflection of structures F, R and RF was reduced to varying degrees under TNT equivalents of 24 g, 36 g and 48 g.At a TNT equivalent of 48 g, the specific energy absorption of RF structure was 5% higher than that of R structure, exhibiting the best anti-explosion performance. In addition, when the TNT equivalent was greater than 37.39 g, the foam-filled ring structure (FR) showed the strongest deformation resistance; when it was less than this value, the foam-filled structure in the gap between the ring and the tube wall (RF) had the optimal anti-explosion performance.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LI Shiqiang, E-mail:
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夹芯结构因轻质、吸能特性,在航空航天、国防等领域应用广泛,提升其在内爆炸载荷下的抗爆性能具有重要意义。设计了圆环夹芯管(R)、聚氨酯泡沫夹芯管(F)、圆环-聚氨酯泡沫混合夹芯管(RF)3种结构,并以无填充夹芯管(A)为对照组,通过内爆炸载荷试验与有限元模拟,对比分析了4种结构在不同炸药量下的变形模态与能量吸收能力,同时探究了泡沫填充方式对夹芯管力学性能的影响。与对照组相比,在TNT当量为24、36、48 g时,F、R、RF结构的无量纲化挠度均有不同程度的降低;TNT当量48 g时,RF结构比吸能较R结构提高5%,其抗爆性能最优。此外,当TNT当量大于37.39 g时,圆环内填充泡沫(FR结构)抗变形能力最强;小于该值时,圆环与管壁空隙填充泡沫(RF结构)抗爆性能最佳。

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李世强,男,1986年生,山西阳泉人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为冲击动力学;E-mail:
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栗弘烨,男,1998年生,山西长治人,在读硕士研究生;主要研究方向为冲击动力学;E-mail:

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栗弘烨,男,1998年生,山西长治人,在读硕士研究生;主要研究方向为冲击动力学;E-mail:

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language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Schematic diagram of the test setup, figureFileSmall=LBEAEHf5rrSWYbvHZY6I3w==, figureFileBig=zDdDqMhhEH5c4xZaC2v2aA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241810802286596429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686760678281295, language=CN, label=图3, caption=试验装置示意图, figureFileSmall=LBEAEHf5rrSWYbvHZY6I3w==, figureFileBig=zDdDqMhhEH5c4xZaC2v2aA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241810802420814168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686760678281295, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Nondimensionalized deflection results of the inner tube, figureFileSmall=9tEBXQcfS3mwMMBJzCYiTQ==, figureFileBig=S0uKjGm0hNG1JeAsD+AQbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241810802546643300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686760678281295, language=CN, label=图4, caption=内管无量纲化挠度结果, figureFileSmall=9tEBXQcfS3mwMMBJzCYiTQ==, 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Geometric parameters of test specimens

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L/mmRI/mmRE/mmhIhE/mmDC/mm
1004987212
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试件几何参数

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L/mmRI/mmRE/mmhIhE/mmDC/mm
1004987212
), ArticleFig(id=1241810804195004901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686760678281295, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Material properties of test specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料Material密度
Density/(kg/m3
弹性模量
Elastic modulus/MPa
泊松比
Poisson ratio
硬化模量
Tangent modulus/MPa
屈服应力
Yield stress/MPa
304不锈钢304 stainless steel7 930193 0000.3787.5205
聚氨酯泡沫
PU foam
301.380.050.120.076
), ArticleFig(id=1241810804387942895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686760678281295, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试件材料属性

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材料Material密度
Density/(kg/m3
弹性模量
Elastic modulus/MPa
泊松比
Poisson ratio
硬化模量
Tangent modulus/MPa
屈服应力
Yield stress/MPa
304不锈钢304 stainless steel7 930193 0000.3787.5205
聚氨酯泡沫
PU foam
301.380.050.120.076
), ArticleFig(id=1241810804517966327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686760678281295, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Test measurement of the maximum deflection of the inner tube and core compression ratio

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试件
Specimens
内管挠度
Inner tube deflection /mm
芯层压缩比
Core compression ratio /%
A-404.560
A-608.920
A-8019.430
F-404.2711.86
F-607.3920.53
F-8016.1144.75
R-402.968.21
R-605.0614.05
R-8010.8530.14
RF-402.105.82
RF-603.9811.06
RF-8010.5029.17
), ArticleFig(id=1241810804643795457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686760678281295, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试验测定内管最大挠度与芯层压缩比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件
Specimens
内管挠度
Inner tube deflection /mm
芯层压缩比
Core compression ratio /%
A-404.560
A-608.920
A-8019.430
F-404.2711.86
F-607.3920.53
F-8016.1144.75
R-402.968.21
R-605.0614.05
R-8010.8530.14
RF-402.105.82
RF-603.9811.06
RF-8010.5029.17
), ArticleFig(id=1241810804740264460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686760678281295, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Relation between explosive mass and overpressure

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
乳化炸药质量
Mass of emulsion explosives/g
406080
TNT当量TNT equivalent/g243648
爆炸距离Explosion distance/mm484848
入射超压Incident overpressure/MPa19.121.924.1
反射超压Reflected overpressure/MPa203.8242.3272.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241810804878676502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241686760678281295, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

炸药质量与超压关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
乳化炸药质量
Mass of emulsion explosives/g
406080
TNT当量TNT equivalent/g243648
爆炸距离Explosion distance/mm484848
入射超压Incident overpressure/MPa19.121.924.1
反射超压Reflected overpressure/MPa203.8242.3272.3
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内爆炸载荷下夹芯管设计与动态响应分析
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栗弘烨 1 , 李子豪 1 , 秦晓峰 1 , 李世强 1, 2
机械强度 | 2025,47(9): 213-220
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机械强度 | 2025, 47(9): 213-220
内爆炸载荷下夹芯管设计与动态响应分析
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栗弘烨1 , 李子豪1, 秦晓峰1, 李世强1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.太原理工大学 航空航天学院 应用力学研究所,太原 030024
  • 2.北京理工大学 爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 栗弘烨,男,1998年生,山西长治人,在读硕士研究生;主要研究方向为冲击动力学;E-mail:

通讯作者:

李世强,男,1986年生,山西阳泉人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为冲击动力学;E-mail:
Design and dynamic response analysis of sandwich tube under internal blast loading
Hongye LI1 , Zihao LI1, Xiaofeng QIN1, Shiqiang LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Applied Mechanics, College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
出版时间: 2025-09-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.021
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夹芯结构因轻质、吸能特性,在航空航天、国防等领域应用广泛,提升其在内爆炸载荷下的抗爆性能具有重要意义。设计了圆环夹芯管(R)、聚氨酯泡沫夹芯管(F)、圆环-聚氨酯泡沫混合夹芯管(RF)3种结构,并以无填充夹芯管(A)为对照组,通过内爆炸载荷试验与有限元模拟,对比分析了4种结构在不同炸药量下的变形模态与能量吸收能力,同时探究了泡沫填充方式对夹芯管力学性能的影响。与对照组相比,在TNT当量为24、36、48 g时,F、R、RF结构的无量纲化挠度均有不同程度的降低;TNT当量48 g时,RF结构比吸能较R结构提高5%,其抗爆性能最优。此外,当TNT当量大于37.39 g时,圆环内填充泡沫(FR结构)抗变形能力最强;小于该值时,圆环与管壁空隙填充泡沫(RF结构)抗爆性能最佳。

夹芯圆管  /  圆环芯层  /  聚氨酯泡沫  /  内爆炸载荷  /  抗爆性能

Sandwich structures are widely used in aerospace, national defense and other fields due to their lightweight and energy-absorbing properties, and it is of great significance to improve their anti-explosion performance under internal explosion loads.Three structures were designed, including ring sandwich tube (R), polyurethane foam sandwich tube (F), and ring-polyurethane foam hybrid sandwich tube (RF), with the non-filled sandwich tube (A) as the control group. Through internal explosion load tests and finite element simulations, the deformation modes and energy absorption capacities of the four structures under different explosive amounts were compared and analyzed, and the influence of foam filling methods on the mechanical properties of sandwich tubes was explored.The results showed that, compared with the control group, the non-dimensional deflection of structures F, R and RF was reduced to varying degrees under TNT equivalents of 24 g, 36 g and 48 g.At a TNT equivalent of 48 g, the specific energy absorption of RF structure was 5% higher than that of R structure, exhibiting the best anti-explosion performance. In addition, when the TNT equivalent was greater than 37.39 g, the foam-filled ring structure (FR) showed the strongest deformation resistance; when it was less than this value, the foam-filled structure in the gap between the ring and the tube wall (RF) had the optimal anti-explosion performance.

Sandwich tube  /  Toroidal tubular core  /  Polyurethane foam  /  Internal blast loading  /  Blast resistance performance
栗弘烨, 李子豪, 秦晓峰, 李世强. 内爆炸载荷下夹芯管设计与动态响应分析. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (9) : 213 -220 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.021
Hongye LI, Zihao LI, Xiaofeng QIN, Shiqiang LI. Design and dynamic response analysis of sandwich tube under internal blast loading[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (9) : 213 -220 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.021
夹芯结构作为轻质、吸能结构,在航空航天、国防等领域有广泛的应用,当其受到爆炸冲击时,可通过芯层压溃变形、破坏失效等方式吸收大量的冲击能量。近年来,国内外研究者对芯层构型开展了大量的优化设计,探索了不同芯层构型、密度梯度分布对结构动力响应的影响[1-6]
圆管是一种常见的结构部件,其受到轴向或者横向冲击载荷时均表现出了较为优异的抗冲击性能,为此将各式轻质芯层与薄壁金属管件组合起来形成薄壁夹芯管,可以充分发挥其高比强度、高比刚度、抗冲击、能量吸收等特性。SHEN等[7]研究了内爆炸载荷下夹芯圆管的变形和失效模式,发现在相同质量的情况下,夹芯管比均质管有着更优异的抗爆性能。FAN等[8]研究了空心圆管和泡沫铝芯层夹芯圆管的动态横向压溃行为,确定了对应于模态变化的临界冲击速度,发现临界速度、径厚比、材料的屈服应力和密度有关,塑性弯曲以双动铰链的形式传播是能量耗散的主要机制,加快压缩速度会导致管内部塑性总耗能增加,为优化夹芯管结构设计、提高能量吸收效率提供了指导。LI等[9]提出了一个经验公式来预测金属管在内爆炸载荷下的变形和失效,建立了一维轴对称的解析模型来描述泡沫铝夹芯圆管在内爆炸载荷下的动态响应。LI等[10]分析了单层圆环芯层圆柱夹芯壳和三层圆环芯层圆柱夹芯壳的抗爆性能,建立了考虑环向塑性膜力和轴向弯矩的理论模型,并且通过多目标优化的方法进行了参数分析,得到了最优构型。ZHANG等[11]104458探究了炸药质量、内外管直径、壁厚以及芯层的轴向梯度排列等因素对泡沫铝夹芯圆管力学响应的影响,发现内管壁厚的变化对能量吸收特性的影响较为明显,且负梯度堆叠的夹芯圆管芯层有较好的抗爆性能。HA等[12]设计了一种新的仿生圆柱形夹芯结构,并对其能量吸收特性进行了数值评估,与典型晶格和泡沫芯层的传统圆柱形夹芯结构相比,仿生芯层夹芯管具有更高的能量吸收特性,将仿生设计方法应用于夹芯结构可以有效提升吸能效率。QI等[13]通过爆炸试验研究了膨胀管结构在冲击波和爆炸产物耦合载荷下的动态响应,在不同爆炸质量下膨胀管的能量吸收特性随着缩放距离的增加而表现出明显的趋势,为近场爆炸载荷下膨胀管结构的优化设计提供了有价值的参考。NGUYEN-VAN等[14]研究了蜂窝芯层短夹芯管在内部爆炸载荷下的动力学行为,设计了6种类型的蜂窝作为夹芯管的芯层,其中八边形和方形蜂窝相比其他形状能更有效地减轻外壳在爆炸时的损坏,为提高夹芯结构的抗冲击性提供了有价值的基准数据。
聚氨酯(polyurethane, PU)泡沫是一种聚合物材料,其特殊的多孔构型有着优越的吸能特性,广泛应用于各种工程领域,学者对泡沫的材料特性、各种加载方式下的力学性能和变形模式进行了大量的研究。TU等[15]通过试验分析了聚氨酯泡沫在不同加载方向的压缩变形模式,提出了一种利用变形带的方法分析塑性变形。DESHPANDE等[16]研究了聚合物泡沫和金属泡沫在轴对称压应力下的屈服行为,分别提出了2种材料的本构模型,为后续数值模拟和结构设计奠定了基础。SAHA等[17-19]研究了密度、微观结构和应变率对泡沫在准静态和冲击载荷下力学性能的影响,对于更高密度的泡沫,速率依赖性行为更为明显。REID等[20]对比了无填充和填充不同密度聚氨酯泡沫的金属方管在准静态和动态载荷下的稳定性和能量吸收特性,并对泡沫和金属管件之间的相互作用进行量化。REDDY等[21]在准静态和动态加载条件下对填充低密度聚氨酯泡沫的薄壁金属圆管进行了试验研究,发现填充泡沫后管件的变形方式从不规则的菱形皱折变成轴对称波纹管折叠,并且根据数值模拟提出了最大比吸能的泡沫密度。
由上述分析可知,大量学者已经对金属薄壁夹芯圆管结构在冲击载荷下的动态响应进行了系统的研究,然而这些研究主要集中在单一材料或单一结构的芯层设计上,针对结构与材料混合填充设计的夹芯管在冲击载荷下的响应和吸能特性方面的研究却相对较少。因此,本研究设计了一种新型的圆环-聚氨酯泡沫混合夹芯管(PF),这种设计结合了空心金属圆环结构的支撑性和聚氨酯泡沫的吸能特性。与传统单一芯层设计相比,混合芯层可以有效地提升夹芯管的抗爆性能。为了深入探究结构与材料混合填充设计的夹芯管在冲击载荷下的力学行为和能量吸收机制,拓展夹芯结构的应用范围以及提升其抗爆性能,本文设计了3种具有优良抗爆性能的夹芯管,即圆环夹芯管(R)、聚氨酯泡沫夹芯管(F)和圆环-聚氨酯泡沫混合夹芯管(RF),并通过内爆载荷试验和有限元模拟方法将其与无填充夹芯管(A)进行对比,分析了不同芯层夹芯圆管的变形模式和能量吸收特性。同时在此基础上深入探究了不同泡沫填充方式对结构抗爆性能的影响。
为研究夹芯管在内爆炸载荷下的动态响应,本文设计并制造了4种不同芯层填充的夹芯管,如图1所示。
采用3种尺寸各异的空心金属圆环进行相互嵌套,并整齐堆叠于内、外管壁之间。此结构设计使得圆环与管道间存在特定间隙,当遭受爆炸载荷作用时,圆环能够在限定范围内发生变形、位移及相互挤压作用,进而实现对爆炸能量的有效吸收与分散。
该类型夹芯管以聚氨酯泡沫作为填充材料,将其紧密且均匀地置于内、外管壁之间的空间内。聚氨酯泡沫凭借其自身特性,在爆炸载荷作用下,能够通过自身的压缩与变形来缓冲爆炸产生的冲击力,同时将爆炸能量较为均匀地传递至整个管壁结构,从而起到保护管体的作用。
在圆环芯层的基础上,运用聚氨酯泡沫对圆环与圆环之间以及圆环与管壁之间的缝隙进行填充,以达到混合填充的效果。这种填充方式结合了空心金属圆环的结构支撑性与聚氨酯泡沫的能量缓冲性能,在内爆炸环境下,既能依靠圆环维持一定的结构形状,又能借助泡沫的变形能力吸收和耗散爆炸能量,两者协同作用,提升夹芯管的整体抗爆性能。
作为对照组,其内、外管之间未设置任何填充材料,与其他3种填充类型的夹芯管形成对比,以便更为清晰地分析不同芯层填充方式对夹芯管在内爆炸载荷下动态响应的影响,进而深入研究夹芯结构的防护机制与优化设计方案。
试验中试件的几何尺寸参数如表1所示。其中,试件的总高度L为100 mm;内层薄壁金属的半径RI为49 mm;壁厚hI为2 mm。外层薄壁金属管的半径RE为87 mm;壁厚hE为2 mm。3层空心金属圆环芯层的圆环截面外径DC都为12 mm;壁厚为0.3 mm;3层金属圆环的内径依次为100、124、148 mm,外径为124、148、172 mm。上、下金属盖板的内径均为100 mm;外径均为172 mm;壁厚均为2 mm。试验中均使用山东圣世达化工有限责任公司提供的球形乳化炸药对结构进行内爆加载,炸药使用量分别为M=40、60、80 g;密度为1 g/cm3。供应商提供的测试数据表明,乳化炸药和TNT炸药之间的关系为MTNT=0.6 M
内层薄壁金属管、外层薄壁金属管、圆环芯层和上、下金属盖板的材料均使用304不锈钢,其材料参数依据金属材料标准拉伸试验(ASTME8/E8M)测定,试件材料属性如表2所示。
聚氨酯泡沫芯层使用异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇按1∶1的比例混合发泡制备。如图2(a)所示,将制备完成的聚氨酯泡沫切割成30 mm×30 mm×30 mm的正方体块,使用INSTRON 68FM-100型试验机对其进行准静态压缩试验,加载速度为1 mm/min。得到其真实应力-应变曲线如图2(b)所示。由图2(b)可知,3次试验的结果吻合较好。
采用如图3所示的试验装置对夹芯管进行了一系列爆炸试验。该试验装置由金属夹芯圆管、球形乳化炸药、基座和支架组成。为了避免爆炸产生的冲击波经过地面和周围物体反射对试验结果产生影响,试验位于空旷平坦的户外进行,并且将夹芯管试件垂直放置于高50 cm的基座上,基座中间留有空隙,乳化炸药和雷管通过支架悬挂在试件的中心位置,确保炸药与试件的对称性,以获得均匀的加载效果。
4种试件分别在40、60、80 g炸药量下进行爆炸试验。试验中观察到所有试件外管均未发生变形,为了更好地观察夹芯管在内爆载荷下内管及芯层的变形特征,通过线切割将试件沿轴向对半切开,同时测量出试件内管的中点最大挠度和芯层压缩量,如表3所示。由表3可知,随着炸药量的增加,夹芯管的内管中点挠度和芯层压缩比越来越大,且密实区域不断向两端扩散。
在相同载荷下,结构质量增加,其在变形时的惯性阻力也随之增大,必然导致结构挠度减小。为了消除这一影响,提出以下无量纲化方法,无量纲化挠度
式中,ωi为内管挠度;ξi为无量纲化系数;Li为各结构高度,Li=100 mm;m0为A结构的质量,取m0=1 819 g;mi分别为F结构的质量(mF=1 872 g)、R结构的质量(mR=2 727 g)和RF结构的质量(mRF=2 744 g)。
图4可知,与A结构相比,在40 g炸药量时,F、R和RF结构的无量纲化挠度分别降低3.5%、3.29%和30.48%;在60 g炸药量时,F、R和RF结构分别降低了8.81%、15.36%和32.4%;在80 g炸药量时,F、R和RF结构分别降低10.81%、16.68%和18.17%。随着炸药量的增加,芯层对结构抗变形能力的影响愈发明显。对比图4中R和RF结构的无量纲化挠度曲线,在40 g和60 g炸药量时,R和RF结构的无量纲化挠度差值为0.012和0.015;当炸药量增大至80 g后,内管挠度差值降低至0.002 9。当炸药量较小时,聚氨酯泡沫结构对内管变形具有一定的抵抗能力,但随着炸药量的增加,聚氨酯泡沫对内管挠度影响越来越小。
不同炸药量下4种夹芯管的整体变形模式及规律相似,80 g炸药量下4种结构的变形特征如图5所示。由图5可知,4种结构内管变形程度由大到小依次为:A>F>R>RF。A由于没有芯层,缺乏有效的能量吸收特性和刚度增强机制,内管表现出最大幅度的变形。F有着良好的能量吸收特性,在一定程度上缓解了爆炸波的传播与冲击载荷的集中效应,降低了内管挠度。然而,泡沫的刚度较低,不能大幅提高结构的抗变形能力,因此内管的变形仍然较大。R为夹芯管提供了更大的刚度和支撑,因此显著降低了内管挠度。RF的内管挠度最小,圆环芯层提供了高刚度的支撑,减少了内管的弯曲变形,而聚氨酯泡沫芯层提高了结构的能量吸收特性,两者协同作用下使得内管变形最小。
使用Abaqus有限元软件对4种夹芯管在内爆载荷下的动态响应进行数值模拟。图6(a)所示为圆环夹芯管的有限元模型,内、外金属圆管和金属圆环芯层均使用4节点减缩积分壳单元(S4R)建模。材料定义为双线性应变硬化本构模型,弹性模量为193 GPa,泊松比为0.3,屈服强度为205 MPa,硬化模量为787.5 MPa。针对材料应变率效应,采用Cowper-Symonds模型计算,即
式中,σ0为准静态加载下的屈服应力;ε为屈服应变;C为应变率常量,C=100 s-1q为应变率指数且q=10[22]。泡沫芯层使用8节点减缩积分线性六面体单元实体单元(C3D8R)建模,密度为30 kg/m3,弹性模量为1.38 MPa,泊松比为0.05。考虑到夹芯圆管结构和内部爆炸载荷的对称性,建立了夹芯圆管的1/2有限元模型。芯层与金属圆管之间定义为硬接触,摩擦因数设置为0.2[23]。上、下盖板与内、外圆管之间定义为绑定约束,确保连接部位在受力过程中的协同变形。采用Conwep算法[11]104458模拟爆炸载荷,表4为不同爆炸质量下球形乳化炸药在结构内表面的投影点的入射超压和反射超压。
为了验证有限元模型的网格敏感性,对圆环夹芯管模型使用0.5、1、1.5、2 mm的网格尺寸进行有限元模拟,图6(b)为不同网格大小下4种圆环夹芯管的内管中点挠度和能量吸收的结果,发现网格尺寸为0.5 mm和1 mm的结果差异小于2%,因此采用1 mm的网格尺寸不仅能够保证计算精度,同时又能兼顾计算效率。
图7(a)所示为80 g炸药量下4种夹芯管的试验和模拟的变形模态对比,由图7(a)可知,变形结果高度吻合。图7(b)所示为4种夹芯管的内管的数值模拟中点挠度结果与试验结果对比。由图7(b)可知,夹芯管内管挠度的数值模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合。
对于夹芯管的比吸能SSEA,计算式为
式中,EP为结构在变形过程中吸收的总能量;mT为结构总质量。夹芯管各部分的能量吸收率N是使用该部分单独吸收的能量Ej,Pj为夹芯管内管、外管和芯层)与结构吸收的总能量之比计算得到,为
图8所示为夹芯管的比吸能和结构芯层能量吸收占比。由图8可知,在同种芯层填充的夹芯管中,随着炸药量的增加,比吸能随之增大,比吸能涨幅也随之增大。其中在3种炸药量下,无填充夹芯管的比吸能最大,且随着炸药量增加,比吸能涨幅也最大(炸药量40 g时比吸能为1.2 kJ/kg;80 g炸药量时比吸能增长至8.32 kJ/kg,涨幅达到593.3%)。产生这种现象的原因是无填充的夹芯管在受到爆炸载荷时,内管有更多的时间和更大的空间来产生变形,内管吸收了更多的能量,且无填充夹芯管相较于另外3种夹芯管质量更小[24]。在80 g炸药量时,相比于对照组的比吸能,泡沫芯层和圆环芯层分别下降了2.32、4.8 kJ/kg,降低了27.9%、57.7%。混合芯层的比吸能比圆环芯层在80 g炸药量时增加了0.17 kJ/kg。因此,混合芯层在抗变形能力更强的情况下,还有着更大的能量吸收能力。80 g炸药量时,圆环芯层的芯层能量占比比40 g炸药量时增加了11.3%。混合芯层的芯层能量占比比圆环芯层大,且在40 g炸药量时达到最大值(39.8%),说明在小炸药量时泡沫对结构的能量吸收影响较大。
由上述分析可知,RF混合夹芯结构在不同炸药量下都表现出了优秀的抗变形和能量吸收能力。因此,在其基础上设计了新的混合结构,如图9所示,将原本在圆环芯层外部填充的聚氨酯泡沫填充在圆环芯层内部。同时,对新的聚氨酯泡沫-圆环(FR)混合夹芯管进行有限元模拟,对比分析了泡沫填充位置对夹芯管的抗爆性能影响。
对RF夹芯结构和FR夹芯结构在5种炸药量(40、50、60、70、80 g)下进行了内爆炸模拟。并将它们的内管中点挠度曲线和能量吸收能力进行对比分析。由图10(a)可知,当炸药量小于60 g时,RF结构的最大内管中点挠度比FR结构小,抗变形能力强。其中,在炸药量为40 g时,RF结构(ωRF=2.55 mm)比FR结构(ωFR=2.92 mm)的内管挠度小了0.37 mm;当炸药量大于70 g时,FR结构的最大内管中点挠度比RF结构小,并随着炸药量的增大,挠度差值越来越大;在80 g炸药量时FR结构(ωFR=9.43 mm)比RF结构(ωRF=11.21 mm)的内管挠度小了1.78 mm,有着更好的抗变形效果。此时,前文结论得以验证,小炸药量时在圆环外填充泡沫可以有效提升夹芯管的抗变形能力,随着炸药量增加,泡沫的影响越来越小。为了找到2种填充方式受炸药量影响的临界值,在60 g(TNT当量36 g)~70 g(TNT当量42 g)药量间增加了5组(TNT当量37、38、39、40、41 g)有限元模拟,并对2种结构的内管挠度结果进行了拟合,通过插值的方法得到临界炸药量为62.32 g(TNT当量为37.39 g)。
图10可知,当炸药量为小于60 g时,RF结构的比吸能和芯层能量吸收占比都要高于FR结构。当炸药量小于60 g时,在内管中点挠度更小的同时拥有优秀的吸能效果。这是因为聚氨酯泡沫填充在圆环芯层外部时,泡沫在小炸药量下可以有效提升夹芯管的抗爆性能。当炸药量为80 g时,RF结构的比吸能(3.7 kJ/kg)高于FR结构(3.36 kJ/kg),这是因为在80 g炸药量时,RF结构中泡沫无法有效提升抗变形能力,内管大的塑性变形导致整个结构的比吸能增大。但是,芯层能量吸收占比RF结构(44.6%)要比FR结构(38.9%)多。综合考虑,在较大炸药量时FR结构的夹芯管抗变形能力更好,当炸药量小于60 g时,RF结构的夹芯管抗爆性能更好。
本文设计了圆环夹芯管(R)、聚氨酯泡沫夹芯管(F)和混合夹芯管(RF)结构,对3种结构和对照组无填充夹芯管(A)进行了不同炸药量的内爆炸载荷试验和有限元模拟研究,探究了泡沫填充方式对夹芯结构抗爆性能的影响。得出如下主要结论:
1)对比了4种夹芯管在内爆炸载荷下的试验结果,随着炸药量的增加,夹芯管的内管变形增大。在相同炸药量时,4种结构内管变形程度由大到小依次为:A>F>R>RF,其中80 g炸药量时,F、R和RF结构的无量纲化挠度相比于对照组分别降低10.81%、16.68%和18.17%。
2)对比了4种结构在不同炸药量爆炸载荷下的有限元模拟结果,模拟结果和试验结果吻合较好,相同炸药量时,混合夹芯管的内管挠度最小,抗变形能力最强。混合夹芯管的芯层能量占比在4种结构中最大。当炸药量为80 g时,混合芯层比圆环芯层的比吸能增加了5%,混合芯层相比于圆环芯层比吸能更大且芯层能量吸收占比更高,在内管挠度较小的同时还有较高的比吸能。从综合考虑挠度和比吸能而言,混合夹芯圆管的抗爆性能最佳。
3)对比了不同泡沫填充方式的RF结构和FR结构,当炸药量较小时,RF结构的内管挠度更小且有着更大的比吸能,但随着炸药量增大,FR结构逐渐表现出更优异的抗爆性能。
  • 爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室(北京理工大学)开放课题(KFJJ24-03M)
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2025年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.09.021
  • 接收时间:2025-04-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-23
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National Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection (Beijing Institute of Technology) Open Project(KFJJ24-03M)
爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室(北京理工大学)开放课题(KFJJ24-03M)
作者信息
    1.太原理工大学 航空航天学院 应用力学研究所,太原 030024
    2.北京理工大学 爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室,北京 100081

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李世强,男,1986年生,山西阳泉人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为冲击动力学;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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