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As a common material for flow components, 17-4PH(0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb) martensitic stainless steel is vulnerable to serious cavitation damage. Based on the corrosion inhibition effect of array texture structure,this study focused on the cavitation characteristics and inhibition mechanism of 17-4PH material under the surface structure of hundred-micron groove array. Based on the ultrasonic cavitation test platform, the experimental data were obtained by the weight loss method, and the data points were fitted by Logistic equation to obtain the nominal incubation period and other parameters. The results show that the surface groove target with groove spacing W and groove width L in the range of hundred-micron has a good inhibitory effect on cavitation damage. The geometric parameters of the groove array structure with the appropriate ratio can further reduce the cavitation damage of the material. The groove array target with groove width L=700 μm and groove spacing W=400 μm has the longest incubation period (22. 79 h) and the smallest cumulative mass loss (10.92 mg) after continuous cavitation for 50 h, thereby exhibiting the best cavitation resistance. This study can provide reference for practical engineering applications in preventing cavitation erosion.

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DI Juan, E-mail:
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17-4PH(0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb)马氏体不锈钢作为过流部件的一种常用材料,易受到严重的汽蚀破坏。借鉴阵列纹理结构的缓蚀作用,聚焦百微米级凹槽阵列表面结构下17-4PH叶片钢材料的汽蚀特性及抑制机制,基于超声波汽蚀试验平台,采用失重法得到试验数据,借助Logistic方程拟合数据点,得到名义潜伏期等参数。结果表明:槽间距W和槽宽L在百微米区间的表面凹槽靶材,对汽蚀损伤有很好的抑制作用;配比合适的凹槽阵列结构几何参数,可进一步减轻材料汽蚀损伤;槽宽为L=700 μm、槽间距为W=400 μm的凹槽阵列靶材,经连续汽蚀50 h后,潜伏期最长(22.79 h),质量损失量最小(10.92 mg),因而表现出最佳的抗汽蚀性能,本研究可为工程实际防汽蚀应用提供参考。

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邸娟,女,1988年生,山西太原人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为固液颗粒冲蚀损伤机制及控制方法、载运工具关键部件性能劣化及寿命预测等;E-mail:

贺磊,男,1997年生,山西吕梁人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为汽蚀机制及防护;E-mail:

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邸娟,女,1988年生,山西太原人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为固液颗粒冲蚀损伤机制及控制方法、载运工具关键部件性能劣化及寿命预测等;E-mail:

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Statistics of cavitation stage under four working conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况
Working condition
时间Time/h
潜伏期
Latent period
加速期
Accelerated period
衰减期
Decline period
L=160 μm,W=200 μm[0,0.79)[0.79,22.0)[22.0,+∞)
L=460 μm,W=600 μm[0,1.08)[1.08,26.70)[26.70,+∞)
L=700 μm,W=400 μm[0,22.79)[22.79,48.51)[48.51,+∞)
未处理17-4PH基材
Untreated 17-4PH base material
[0,1.14)[1.14,20.12)[20.12,+∞)
), ArticleFig(id=1241446344762642798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241446331772882989, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

4种工况汽蚀阶段统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况
Working condition
时间Time/h
潜伏期
Latent period
加速期
Accelerated period
衰减期
Decline period
L=160 μm,W=200 μm[0,0.79)[0.79,22.0)[22.0,+∞)
L=460 μm,W=600 μm[0,1.08)[1.08,26.70)[26.70,+∞)
L=700 μm,W=400 μm[0,22.79)[22.79,48.51)[48.51,+∞)
未处理17-4PH基材
Untreated 17-4PH base material
[0,1.14)[1.14,20.12)[20.12,+∞)
), ArticleFig(id=1241446344867500405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241446331772882989, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

EDS analysis of four working conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况
Working condition
能谱仪面扫区域
Surface scanning area of
EDS
相对含量Relative content/%
FeCO CuCrCoCaMoNiNbMn
未处理17-4PH基材
Untreated 17-4PH base material
未汽蚀区域
Non-cavitation area
55.10.1222.311.60.41.70.54.50.80
汽蚀区域Cavitation area59.93.111.23.516.90.50.50.70.50.61.2
L=160 μm、W=200 μm未汽蚀区域
Non-cavitation area
44.66.531.81.45.602.6040.30.1
汽蚀区域Cavitation area63.97.51.41.915.5001.66.401
L=460 μm、W=600 μm未汽蚀区域
Non-cavitation area
42.527162.37.13.41.300.20.20.2
汽蚀区域Cavitation area71.50.40.93.518.11.90.21.41.31.11.2
L=700 μm、W=400 μm未汽蚀区域
Non-cavitation area
69.424.12.314.91.80.10.91.900.2
汽蚀区域Cavitation area71.50.40.91.618.11.90.21.41.31.11.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241446345005912440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241446331772882989, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

4种工况能谱仪分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况
Working condition
能谱仪面扫区域
Surface scanning area of
EDS
相对含量Relative content/%
FeCO CuCrCoCaMoNiNbMn
未处理17-4PH基材
Untreated 17-4PH base material
未汽蚀区域
Non-cavitation area
55.10.1222.311.60.41.70.54.50.80
汽蚀区域Cavitation area59.93.111.23.516.90.50.50.70.50.61.2
L=160 μm、W=200 μm未汽蚀区域
Non-cavitation area
44.66.531.81.45.602.6040.30.1
汽蚀区域Cavitation area63.97.51.41.915.5001.66.401
L=460 μm、W=600 μm未汽蚀区域
Non-cavitation area
42.527162.37.13.41.300.20.20.2
汽蚀区域Cavitation area71.50.40.93.518.11.90.21.41.31.11.2
L=700 μm、W=400 μm未汽蚀区域
Non-cavitation area
69.424.12.314.91.80.10.91.900.2
汽蚀区域Cavitation area71.50.40.91.618.11.90.21.41.31.11.2
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百微米阵列凹槽结构下17-4PH叶片钢材料抗汽蚀特性试验研究
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邸娟 1, 2, 3 , 贺磊 1 , 王程波 1 , 范智航 1 , 彭超义 3
机械强度 | ·疲劳·损伤·断裂·失效分析· 2025,47(7): 65-72
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机械强度 | ·疲劳·损伤·断裂·失效分析· 2025, 47(7): 65-72
百微米阵列凹槽结构下17-4PH叶片钢材料抗汽蚀特性试验研究
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邸娟1, 2, 3 , 贺磊1 , 王程波1, 范智航1, 彭超义3
作者信息
  • 1.太原科技大学 车辆与交通工程学院,太原 030024
  • 2.工程结构性能演化与控制教育部重点实验室(同济大学),上海 200092
  • 3.中车株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司,株洲 412007
  • 邸娟,女,1988年生,山西太原人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为固液颗粒冲蚀损伤机制及控制方法、载运工具关键部件性能劣化及寿命预测等;E-mail:

    贺磊,男,1997年生,山西吕梁人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为汽蚀机制及防护;E-mail:

Test study on cavitation resistance performance of 17-4PH blade steel material under hunderd-micron array grooves structure
Juan DI1, 2, 3 , Lei HE1 , Chengbo WANG1, Zhihang FAN1, Chaoyi PENG3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Performance Evolution and Control for Engineering Structures (Tongji University) of Ministry of Education,Shanghai 200092, China
  • 3.CRRC Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412007, China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.07.008
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17-4PH(0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb)马氏体不锈钢作为过流部件的一种常用材料,易受到严重的汽蚀破坏。借鉴阵列纹理结构的缓蚀作用,聚焦百微米级凹槽阵列表面结构下17-4PH叶片钢材料的汽蚀特性及抑制机制,基于超声波汽蚀试验平台,采用失重法得到试验数据,借助Logistic方程拟合数据点,得到名义潜伏期等参数。结果表明:槽间距W和槽宽L在百微米区间的表面凹槽靶材,对汽蚀损伤有很好的抑制作用;配比合适的凹槽阵列结构几何参数,可进一步减轻材料汽蚀损伤;槽宽为L=700 μm、槽间距为W=400 μm的凹槽阵列靶材,经连续汽蚀50 h后,潜伏期最长(22.79 h),质量损失量最小(10.92 mg),因而表现出最佳的抗汽蚀性能,本研究可为工程实际防汽蚀应用提供参考。

阵列凹槽  /  失重法  /  Logistic方程  /  抗汽蚀性能

As a common material for flow components, 17-4PH(0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb) martensitic stainless steel is vulnerable to serious cavitation damage. Based on the corrosion inhibition effect of array texture structure,this study focused on the cavitation characteristics and inhibition mechanism of 17-4PH material under the surface structure of hundred-micron groove array. Based on the ultrasonic cavitation test platform, the experimental data were obtained by the weight loss method, and the data points were fitted by Logistic equation to obtain the nominal incubation period and other parameters. The results show that the surface groove target with groove spacing W and groove width L in the range of hundred-micron has a good inhibitory effect on cavitation damage. The geometric parameters of the groove array structure with the appropriate ratio can further reduce the cavitation damage of the material. The groove array target with groove width L=700 μm and groove spacing W=400 μm has the longest incubation period (22. 79 h) and the smallest cumulative mass loss (10.92 mg) after continuous cavitation for 50 h, thereby exhibiting the best cavitation resistance. This study can provide reference for practical engineering applications in preventing cavitation erosion.

Array groove  /  Weight loss method  /  Logistic equation  /  Cavitation resistance performance
邸娟, 贺磊, 王程波, 范智航, 彭超义. 百微米阵列凹槽结构下17-4PH叶片钢材料抗汽蚀特性试验研究. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (7) : 65 -72 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.07.008
Juan DI, Lei HE, Chengbo WANG, Zhihang FAN, Chaoyi PENG. Test study on cavitation resistance performance of 17-4PH blade steel material under hunderd-micron array grooves structure[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (7) : 65 -72 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.07.008
汽蚀是一种常见在液体动力环境中的材料损伤形式[1-2],常见于冷却水泵、液压系统和发动机缸套等一些过流部件中[3-7]。在这些设备运行过程中,压力变化会导致空泡溃灭,以冲击波和微射流的形式对周围材料表面产生冲击,导致部件产生损伤变形和强度破坏,引起表面出现大量蜂窝状破损[8-10],影响正常工作效率,严重时将降低部件的可靠性、缩短设备的使用寿命。因此,如何防范汽蚀对部件的破坏已成为目前过流部件设计中亟须解决的重要课题。
国内外许多学者着眼于材料本身内在特性,就如何提高抗侵蚀性能方面进行了大量研究。早在1955年,KNAPP[11]就提出通过研究材料本身特性来探索材料汽蚀行为,即对材料在汽蚀环境下的表现进行分析。这种方法旨在加深对材料抗汽蚀性能的理解,并为材料的设计和改进提供依据。基于此,有学者通过改善材料本身的性能和表面熔覆技术处理来提高材料在汽蚀环境下的耐久性。DA等[12]通过对合金结构钢34CrAiNi7进行表面渗氮处理,增强了其抗汽蚀性能。WANG等[13]采用激光熔覆技术在17-4PH表面制备硬质钴基合金,以改善其抗汽蚀性能。DI等[14]在研究水蚀冲击过程中发现,钎焊钨铬钴合金中的Co基材料本身的属性能够增强抗水蚀性能。除此之外,研究者也开始关注不同材料和外部冲击环境等关键因素对汽蚀特性的影响机制。THOMAS等[15]基于旋转喷射试验装置,通过几个典型汽蚀阶段中靶面的形貌演化,探索了液滴冲蚀下铜、黄铜、低碳钢和硅钢等金属及合金的汽蚀特性。
近年来的研究工作及显微形貌观测表明,抗冲蚀性能对材料表面结构规则程度非常敏感[16]。邸娟等[17]研究了高速射流与靶材的撞击过程,发现表面粗糙度对水蚀特性有显著影响;KIROLS等[18]研究了12%Cr马氏体钢和Ti6Al4V材料表面粗糙度对水蚀性能的影响,得到材料表面的粗糙度和不规则性是影响材料水蚀性能的主要因素。连峰等[19-20]研究了表面织构对抗空蚀特性的影响,利用激光加工技术在T4V钛合金表面分别加工出直线和网格纹理,得出网格纹理的表面抗空蚀能力强于直线纹理的表面。赵恩兰等[21-22]发现,三角形微织构和矩形微织构均对空蚀有很好的抑制作用,且矩形凹槽纹理表面抑制气泡的收缩和溃灭能力强,因而具有更优异的抗汽蚀性能。这些发现为发展材料抗汽蚀工艺方法提供了新的思路。然而,凹槽阵列几何参数是如何影响材料汽蚀潜伏期时长和汽蚀损失量的还需进一步深入研究。
17-4PH钢是一种常见的马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢[23],其国家标准牌号是0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb,由于具有高强度、优异的硬度和适宜的耐腐蚀性等众多优势[24],被广泛应用于冷却水泵和液压元件的制造。因此,本研究基于17-4PH不锈钢靶材,在其表面加工百微米级矩形阵列凹槽结构,借助超声波汽蚀机展开汽蚀试验,探讨不同槽宽、槽间距等凹槽关键几何参数对材料各汽蚀阶段响应特性的影响机制;探明表面阵列凹槽微结构的关键几何参数与汽蚀质量损失之间的量化对应关系,为深入理解汽蚀机制及汽蚀防护的工程应用提供基础数据支撑和指导。
采用超声波汽蚀机对17-4PH材料的4种试验工况开展汽蚀试验,每隔一段时间对试样进行清洗称重。
试验设备包括超声波汽蚀机、低温恒温冷却槽、超声波清洗机和精密天平。汽蚀试验按照ASTM G 32—2016标准[25]开展。试验采用智能温控型超声波汽蚀机,其示意图和设备实物图分别如图1图2所示,主要包括换能器和超声波变幅器。换能器将电能转换成振动动能,从而带动变幅杆振动,在液体中产生气泡,气泡破灭冲击试样表面产生汽蚀破坏。
该装置额定功率2 500 W,振动频率20 kHz,振幅50 μm,变幅杆和变幅杆尖端与试样之间的距离分别为15.9、2 mm。由于在试验过程中超声波变幅器的振动会产生大量的热,为了避免温度过高影响试验结果,采用低温恒温槽循环水对运行过程中的水介质进行恒温处理,温度为20 ℃。将试样固定在容器底部,调整变幅杆工具头与试验材料的距离为2 mm,设备开启后就会在水槽中产生气泡,气泡发生溃灭后将对试样表面造成破坏。
试验过程中,每隔一段时间需将试样取下,将其烘干冷却后,用精密天平称重,天平精度为0.000 1 g,称重均测量5次取平均值,以尽量减小测量误差,保证试验的可靠性。
试样尺寸为22 mm×22 mm×10 mm,如图3所示。凹槽结构加工如图4所示,其中L表示槽宽、W表示槽间距、H表示槽深。由于激光打标机加工过程中存在高温烧蚀,所以预设尺寸与加工实际尺寸存在误差。在扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscopy,SEM)下,测得3种凹槽结构的实际尺寸分别为:①L=160 μm、W=200 μm;②L=460 μm、W=600 μm;③L=700 μm、W=400 μm。并将表面未经任何处理的17-4PH基材作为试验对照组。
本文试验数据收集采用失重法,记录各试样在每个时间段的质量来绘制累积质量损失-时间曲线,如图5所示,曲线横坐标是试样的汽蚀时长(h),纵坐标是试样的平均累积质量损失(mg)。由图5可以看出,试样经连续50 h汽蚀后,带有凹槽结构的试样的累积汽蚀质量损失均小于表面未经处理的17-4PH基材。凹槽结构中,L=160 μm、W=200 μm的试样质量损失量最多,为31.2 mg,仍仅为未经处理的17-4PH基材的34. 6%,说明在17-4PH表面设置百微米级凹槽阵列微结构可显著提高材料的抗汽蚀性能。与此同时,在汽蚀50 h后,L=700 μm、W=400 μm的试样质量损失量最少,为10.92 mg,损失量约为未经处理基材的12. 11%,约为L=160 μm、W=200 μm的试样的35%,约为L=460 μm、W=600 μm的试样的36. 14%。可知,在表面设置不同参数的凹槽结构对汽蚀的抑制作用不同,进一步优化配比合适的结构参数,会显著提高抗汽蚀性能、减少汽蚀损伤。且凹槽结构在百微米级可高效精确地实现制备,因此有良好的工程应用价值。
图6所示质量损失速率图中,L=160 μm、W=200 μm和L=460 μm、W=600 μm的试样在0~4 h的质量损失速率高于未经处理的17-4PH基材。这是因为表面凹槽结构的槽宽L较小,液体中的气泡溃灭冲击材料表面时,会在凹槽附近出现应力集中,所以受到的冲击较强,导致质量损失速率大于未处理基材。且在质量损失速率峰值点处,未处理基材的质量损失速率为3.2 mg/h,L=160 μm、W=200 μm的试样质量损失速率为14. 96 mg/h,L=460 μm、W=600 μm的试样质量损失速率为3. 92 mg/h,而L=700 μm、W=400 μm的试样质量损失速率仅为0.4 mg/h,是L=160 μm、W=200 μm的试样质量损失速率的2. 67%。可见,槽宽L越小,这种应力集中效果越显著,但是随着汽蚀的进行(4 h以后),凹槽结构的优势逐渐弥补了这种缺陷,带有凹槽结构的试样质量损失会小于基材。
本研究通过收集各试样的汽蚀失重数据,绘制以汽蚀时间与累积质量损失为坐标的17-4PH基材的汽蚀损失质量散点图,选取表面未经处理的基材试样结果作为对照组,使用Logistic生长曲线方程[式(1)]对4个工况质量损失数据散点图数据点进行拟合,绘制拟合曲线,如图7图8所示(点为试验数据点,曲线为Logistic拟合曲线)。
在拟合曲线的最大斜率点处绘制切线,得到切线方程,该切线在横坐标的截距即为名义潜伏期时长t1(分割孕育期与加速期)。在拟合曲线的稳定阶段绘制切线,得到其方程,该切线与最大斜率点处切线的交点即为转捩点,横坐标为t2 (分割加速期与衰减期)。通过上述数据处理方法,可将材料汽蚀过程的不同阶段进行定量划分,即[0,t1)为汽蚀名义潜伏期,[t1t2)为汽蚀加速期,[t2,+∞)为汽蚀衰减期。
同理,采用上述方法得到L=460 μm、W=600 μm和L=700 μm、W=400 μm两种凹槽工况的拟合图,并计算得到t1t2表1所示为拟合得到的各试样潜伏期、加速期和衰减期。
为进一步探究17-4PH基材与表面阵列凹槽结构试样的抗汽蚀性能,选取几个特定时刻对试样表面形貌进行观察,以便定性分析汽蚀形貌特征,汽蚀1 h后试样损伤形貌如图9所示。图9(a)中,17-4PH基材处于潜伏期阶段,表面的破坏往往比较微小,在高倍显微镜下可见,17-4PH基材表面损伤以塑性变形和晶界附近的材料剥落为主,气泡破灭时产生的冲击波和微射流会无规则、不均匀地作用在表面上,导致在潜伏期呈现不规则的剥落,聚集形成了较为浅显的解理状形貌,并在表面出现细小的汽蚀坑。图9(b)中,L=160 μm、W=200 μm试样由于潜伏期为0.79 h,此时已经在凹槽内应力集中的作用下进入加速期,L表面呈现明显的材料剥落,出现汽蚀坑。图9(c)中,L=460 μm、W=600 μm试样处在潜伏期与加速期过渡阶段,槽宽处表面形成层状分布解理结构,在解理汇集周围出现裂纹,并伴随有分布细小的汽蚀坑,破坏程度较基材严重。从靶材表面汽蚀损伤形貌可以看出,当凹槽的L设置得越小时,发生在凹槽的应力集中作用会加剧汽蚀破坏效果,因此潜伏期变短,更早进入加速期,抗汽蚀性能甚至较未处理基材差。
为进一步研究基材与凹槽试样的抗汽蚀性能,对加速期8 h的试样表面进行观察,结果如图10所示。图10(a)中,17-4PH基材表面剥落呈高低起伏分布,破坏程度严重,汽蚀坑分布数量增多。图10(b)中,L=160 μm、W=200 μm试样围绕在汽蚀坑周围表面材料剥落明显,并伴随汽蚀坑深度进一步扩大。图10(c)中,L=460 μm、W=600 μm试样在汽蚀坑周围聚集形成众多河流状花纹的结构,表面坍塌破坏进一步加剧。
随着汽蚀时间的延长,对30 h汽蚀后的试样进行观察,结果如图11所示。图11(a)中,17-4PH基材处于衰减期,表面几乎被完全剥离,汽蚀坑周围坍塌聚集变大且分别向径向和深度方向扩展,整体呈现出多孔结构。图11(b)中,L=160 μm、W=200 μm试样处于衰减期,试样表面形貌结构破坏严重,槽间距处出现断裂。图11(c)中,L=460 μm、W=600 μm试样同样处于衰减期,表面材料呈现向汽蚀坑方向聚集剥落的状态,汽蚀坑深度扩展加剧。在该阶段,观察到金属光泽的亮斑分布在汽蚀坑周围,这是由于在汽蚀过程中内部金属相不断裸露。在这个阶段,材料表面粗糙不平,易形成水膜,同时存在气体夹杂、液体夹渣等现象,使得微射流冲击表面的破坏作用减弱,导致这一时期的材料的质量损失速率减缓。图11(d)中,L=700 μm、W=400 μm试样仍处于加速期破坏阶段,表面分布着块状的解理结构,在交会处形成裂纹,材料剥落。对于L=700 μm、W=400 μm试样,由于L较大,形成的表面积较大,在凹槽槽宽表面形成的水膜保护面较大,抵抗微射流作用较强,使其抗汽蚀能力得到提高,故凹槽结构表面积越大,受汽蚀的影响越小,且初步推测抗汽蚀性能对槽宽L更敏感。
进一步对4种工况进行能谱仪(Energy Dispersive Spectrometer, EDS)面扫分析,结果如表2所示。3种凹槽结构在汽蚀区域Fe的相对含量均较未处理基材高,分别为63.9%、71. 5%、71. 5%,表示凹槽结构的设置有助于维持或提高Fe的含量,从而形成抗蚀的铁氧化物层,提高了耐汽蚀性能。并且Cr、Ni、Mo等抗蚀元素在汽蚀区域中相对于未处理基材有较高的相对含量,说明凹槽设置有助于维持这些抗蚀元素的相对含量,改善抗蚀性能。其中L=700 μm、W=400 μm试样汽蚀区域的C、O含量相对较低,且C、O含量在汽蚀前、后变化较小,减缓了氧化物的形成,提高了其抗汽蚀性能。对比3种凹槽结构,L=700 μm、W=400 μm试样在未汽蚀区域比另外两种凹槽结构含有的Fe、Cr元素多,且在汽蚀后变化较小,形成抗汽蚀的铁氧化物层较多,抑制了进一步的汽蚀破坏。其中Cr是不锈钢中常用的抗蚀元素,Mo常用于提高合金的耐蚀性,在汽蚀之前,L=700 μm、W=400 μm表面已经含有Cr、Mo元素,有助于减缓试样的汽蚀损伤,汽蚀后相对含量依旧较高,有助于形成抗汽蚀的含Cr、Mo氧化物保护层,从而提高抗汽蚀性能。
基于超声波汽蚀试验平台,制备3种凹槽结构试样,分别为:①L=160 μm、W=200 μm;②L=460 μm、W=600 μm;③L=700 μm、W=400 μm,加上未经任何处理的17-4PH试样,共4种工况进行汽蚀试验,得到以下结论:
1)3种百微米级阵列凹槽结构在经连续汽蚀50 h后,质量损失分别为未处理基材的34.6%、33. 52%和12. 11%,因此在表面设置百微米级阵列凹槽结构可显著提升材料的抗汽蚀性能。
2)凹槽结构中槽宽L越小,在初期应力集中效果越显著,质量损失较多,但随着汽蚀的进行,凹槽结构逐渐表现出优异的抗汽蚀性能。
3)引入Logistic生长曲线对汽蚀累积质量损失曲线进行拟合,可定量得到材料潜伏期、加速期和衰减期等参数。
4)L=700 μm、W=400 μm的试样质量损失量为10.92 mg,是另外两种凹槽结构的35%和36.14%,故配比合适的凹槽结构几何参数,可进一步减轻汽蚀损伤,且在百微米级可高效精确地实现制备,因此有很好的工程应用价值。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52205212)
  • 山西省基础研究计划青年科学研究项目(20210302124052)
  • 同济大学工程结构性能演化与控制教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(2021KF-3)
  • 太原科技大学研究生教育创新项目(SY2022035)
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.07.008
  • 接收时间:2023-12-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-21
  • 修回日期:2024-01-17
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Science Fund(52205212)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52205212)
Youth Science Research Project of Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(20210302124052)
山西省基础研究计划青年科学研究项目(20210302124052)
Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Performance Evolution and Control for Engineering Structures (Tongji University) of Ministry of Education(2021KF-3)
同济大学工程结构性能演化与控制教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(2021KF-3)
Graduate Education Innovation Project of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology(SY2022035)
太原科技大学研究生教育创新项目(SY2022035)
作者信息
    1.太原科技大学 车辆与交通工程学院,太原 030024
    2.工程结构性能演化与控制教育部重点实验室(同济大学),上海 200092
    3.中车株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司,株洲 412007
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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