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To investigate the mechanical properties of woven composite hybrid bonded/bolted joints, a mechanical failure model for hybrid bonded/bolted joints based on 3D progressive damage model and cohesive force model was developed to simulate the mechanical behavior and damage evolution of the joints. Based on the Abaqus finite element software, a finite element simulation model for hybrid bonded/bolted joints woven composites was established. The damage initiation and propagation of the composite material were judged using the three-dimensional Linde criterion. The cohesive force model was used to simulate the damage failure process of the adhesive layer. On the basis of test verification of the model accuracy, the strength and damage failure process of the joints were analyzed under different tightening torques. The test and simulation results indicate that as the tightening torque increases, the extension of adhesive layer damage can be effectively suppressed.However, the shear strength of the adhesive layer in the hybrid bonded/bolted joints firstly increases and then decreases,because increasing the tightening torque can reduce the peeling stress of the adhesive layer in the joints. However, the excessive tightening torque will strengthen the stress around the adhesive layer hole, leading to a decrease in the shear srength of the adhesive layer and a decrease in the strength of the connection structure. The load-displacement curve of the numerical simulation is consistent with the test results, and the predicted adhesive layer fracture load is equivalent to the test results. At the same time, the fiber damage, matrix damage, and delamination damage on the laminated plate can also be well reflected in the numerical model, which is similar to the damage form after the connection test, verifying the effectiveness of the damage prediction model.

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HU Junshan, E-mail:
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为研究编织型复合材料胶螺混合连接接头的力学性能,构建基于三维渐进损伤模型和内聚力模型的胶螺混合连接接头力学失效模型,模拟连接接头的力学行为与损伤演化。基于Abaqus有限元软件,建立编织型复合材料胶螺混合连接有限元仿真模型,通过三维Linde准则判断复合材料的损伤萌生与扩展,采用内聚力模型模拟胶层的损伤失效过程,在试验验证模型准确性的基础上,分析不同拧紧力矩下连接结构强度和损伤失效过程。试验结果与仿真模拟结果表明,随着拧紧力矩的增加,胶层损伤扩展得到有效抑制,而胶螺混合连接结构的胶层剪切强度先增加后减小。这是因为增大拧紧力矩可以减小连接结构中胶层的剥离应力,但过大的拧紧力矩会增大胶层孔周应力,导致胶层剪切强度减小,降低了连接结构的强度。数值模拟的载荷-位移曲线与试验结果吻合,所预测的胶层断裂载荷与试验结果相当;同时层合板上的纤维损伤、基体损伤以及分层损伤在数值模型中也能很好地体现,与连接件试验后的损伤形式相近,验证了损伤预测模型的有效性。

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胡俊山,男,1988年生,湖北宜昌人,博士,副教授;主要研究方向为飞行器先进装配技术、飞行器金属/复合材料结构修复技术、智能装配/修复工艺与装备;E-mail:
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沈金屹,男,1998年生,江苏南通人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为智能装配工艺;E-mail:

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Composite Structures2021276:114544., articleTitle=An experimental study on the mechanical behaviour of bonded and hybrid bonded-bolted composite joints using digital image correlation(DIC) technique, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241446353637798658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241446331353461066, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=69, issue=1, pageStart=35, pageEnd=43, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=24, authorNames=KELLY G, journalName=Composite Structures, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KELLY G. Load transfer in hybrid (bonded/bolted) composite single-lap joints[J]. 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Material parameters of woven composites laminated plates

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参数Parameter值Value参数Parameter值Value
E1E2/GPa50Zt/MPa73
E3/GPa3.5Zc/MPa50
G12/GPa5S12/MPa50
G13G23/GPa2.5S13/MPa50
ν12ν13ν230.25S23/MPa50
XtYt /MPa670G1/(kJ·m-212.5
Yt,Yc /MPa73G2G3/(kJ·m-21.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241446348860486324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241446331353461066, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

编织型复合材料层合板的材料参数

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参数Parameter值Value参数Parameter值Value
E1E2/GPa50Zt/MPa73
E3/GPa3.5Zc/MPa50
G12/GPa5S12/MPa50
G13G23/GPa2.5S13/MPa50
ν12ν13ν230.25S23/MPa50
XtYt /MPa670G1/(kJ·m-212.5
Yt,Yc /MPa73G2G3/(kJ·m-21.2
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拧紧力矩对胶螺混合连接力学性能与损伤形式的影响
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沈金屹 1 , 胡卫鑫 2 , 张天宇 2 , 胡俊山 1 , 廖文和 3 , 田威 1 , 沈烨 4
机械强度 | ·疲劳·损伤·断裂·失效分析· 2025,47(7): 24-32
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机械强度 | ·疲劳·损伤·断裂·失效分析· 2025, 47(7): 24-32
拧紧力矩对胶螺混合连接力学性能与损伤形式的影响
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沈金屹1 , 胡卫鑫2, 张天宇2, 胡俊山1 , 廖文和3, 田威1, 沈烨4
作者信息
  • 1.南京航空航天大学 机电学院,南京 210016
  • 2.中航西安飞机工业集团股份有限公司,西安 710089
  • 3.南京理工大学 机械工程学院,南京 210094
  • 4.上海航天电子技术研究所,上海 201109
  • 沈金屹,男,1998年生,江苏南通人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为智能装配工艺;E-mail:

通讯作者:

胡俊山,男,1988年生,湖北宜昌人,博士,副教授;主要研究方向为飞行器先进装配技术、飞行器金属/复合材料结构修复技术、智能装配/修复工艺与装备;E-mail:
Effect of tightening torque on the mechanical performance and damage form of hybrid bonded/bolted joints
Jinyi SHEN1 , Weixin HU2, Tianyu ZHANG2, Junshan HU1 , Wenhe LIAO3, Wei TIAN1, Ye SHEN4
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
  • 2.AVIC Xi’an Aircraft Industry Group Company Ltd., Xi’an 710089, China
  • 3.School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
  • 4.Shanghai Aerospace Electronic Technology Research Institute, Shanghai 201109, China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.07.003
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为研究编织型复合材料胶螺混合连接接头的力学性能,构建基于三维渐进损伤模型和内聚力模型的胶螺混合连接接头力学失效模型,模拟连接接头的力学行为与损伤演化。基于Abaqus有限元软件,建立编织型复合材料胶螺混合连接有限元仿真模型,通过三维Linde准则判断复合材料的损伤萌生与扩展,采用内聚力模型模拟胶层的损伤失效过程,在试验验证模型准确性的基础上,分析不同拧紧力矩下连接结构强度和损伤失效过程。试验结果与仿真模拟结果表明,随着拧紧力矩的增加,胶层损伤扩展得到有效抑制,而胶螺混合连接结构的胶层剪切强度先增加后减小。这是因为增大拧紧力矩可以减小连接结构中胶层的剥离应力,但过大的拧紧力矩会增大胶层孔周应力,导致胶层剪切强度减小,降低了连接结构的强度。数值模拟的载荷-位移曲线与试验结果吻合,所预测的胶层断裂载荷与试验结果相当;同时层合板上的纤维损伤、基体损伤以及分层损伤在数值模型中也能很好地体现,与连接件试验后的损伤形式相近,验证了损伤预测模型的有效性。

复合材料  /  胶螺混合连接  /  有限元分析  /  胶层剪切强度  /  损伤演化

To investigate the mechanical properties of woven composite hybrid bonded/bolted joints, a mechanical failure model for hybrid bonded/bolted joints based on 3D progressive damage model and cohesive force model was developed to simulate the mechanical behavior and damage evolution of the joints. Based on the Abaqus finite element software, a finite element simulation model for hybrid bonded/bolted joints woven composites was established. The damage initiation and propagation of the composite material were judged using the three-dimensional Linde criterion. The cohesive force model was used to simulate the damage failure process of the adhesive layer. On the basis of test verification of the model accuracy, the strength and damage failure process of the joints were analyzed under different tightening torques. The test and simulation results indicate that as the tightening torque increases, the extension of adhesive layer damage can be effectively suppressed.However, the shear strength of the adhesive layer in the hybrid bonded/bolted joints firstly increases and then decreases,because increasing the tightening torque can reduce the peeling stress of the adhesive layer in the joints. However, the excessive tightening torque will strengthen the stress around the adhesive layer hole, leading to a decrease in the shear srength of the adhesive layer and a decrease in the strength of the connection structure. The load-displacement curve of the numerical simulation is consistent with the test results, and the predicted adhesive layer fracture load is equivalent to the test results. At the same time, the fiber damage, matrix damage, and delamination damage on the laminated plate can also be well reflected in the numerical model, which is similar to the damage form after the connection test, verifying the effectiveness of the damage prediction model.

Composite material  /  Hybrid bonded/bolted joint  /  Finite element analysis  /  Shear strength of adhesive layer  /  Damage evolution
沈金屹, 胡卫鑫, 张天宇, 胡俊山, 廖文和, 田威, 沈烨. 拧紧力矩对胶螺混合连接力学性能与损伤形式的影响. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (7) : 24 -32 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.07.003
Jinyi SHEN, Weixin HU, Tianyu ZHANG, Junshan HU, Wenhe LIAO, Wei TIAN, Ye SHEN. Effect of tightening torque on the mechanical performance and damage form of hybrid bonded/bolted joints[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (7) : 24 -32 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.07.003
编织型复合材料具有高承载、抗腐蚀、抗冲击和疲劳抗性好等优点[1],在结构各个方向都能提供良好的强度、韧性以及疲劳特性,逐渐应用于飞机主承力结构的制造中。相比于金属材料,该材料不仅能够满足减重的需求,还能大幅度提高机体的结构强度和防弹性能。尽管复合材料成型工艺日益成熟,结构的完整性也在不断提高,但考虑到设计、工艺、后期维修等方面的需求,大型承力构件的制造仍然需要通过不同的连接技术来完成。针对飞机中油箱、机翼壁板等具有密封性和强度要求的构件,机械连接不仅会导致复合材料层合板孔边应力集中,降低连接结构的连接效率,还会使构件间存在间隙,无法保证构件的密封性。因此,此类构件通常采用胶螺混合连接的方式进行装配。混合连接接头中的螺接产生的夹紧力提高了连接接头的胶接强度,从而增加整体结构强度;而胶接缓解了螺接引起的集中应力,保证接头的密封性。胶接与螺接的相互补强作用使得胶螺混合连接具有比螺接或胶接更卓越的力学性能[2-5]
近年来,国内外学者主要在连接工艺参数、不同的连接形式对胶螺混合连接接头的载荷分配、失效模式以及服役性能的影响方面进行了数值模拟及相关的工艺试验研究[6-12]。李成等[13]采用有限元分析方法对比了铝合金胶接、胶螺混合连接、螺栓连接的拉伸性能,分析了不同胶黏剂对胶螺混合连接结构载荷分配的影响,提出混合连接采用低模量材料的方法,使胶层与螺栓共同分载,从而达到更好的连接性能。杨本宁[14]采用试验研究与有限元分析方法相结合的方式,分析复合材料铺层顺序、端径比、宽径比、胶层厚度等主要参数对胶螺混合连接结构连接强度及损伤的影响。结果表明,在铺层比例和层数确定的情况下,当复合材料铺层顺序为[45/0/-45/90]3s时,连接结构的承载能力最强,并且在一定范围内增加端径比可以明显提升连接结构的承载能力,而改变连接板材的宽度可以缓解层合板的损伤,胶层厚度的增加会降低连接整体的刚度。刘礼平等[15]通过建立碳纤维复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)胶螺混合连接结构渐进损伤三维有限元模型,分析了不同参数对胶螺混合连接接头刚度、强度的影响,研究了胶螺混合连接接头的失效机制及二次弯曲对胶螺混合连接接头损伤的影响。GAMDANI等[16]通过开展复合材料胶螺混合连接结构的拉伸力学性能试验,分析其载荷-位移曲线,从而得到了层合板不同铺层方式对复合材料胶螺混合连接结构强度的影响规律。KIM等[17]通过数字图像关联技术研究了胶螺混合连接结构在拉伸载荷下的力学行为,揭示了复合材料胶螺混合连接结构的承载响应规律。KELLY[18]详细研究了复合材料层合板厚度、胶层厚度、搭接长度、螺栓节距以及胶黏剂模量对胶螺混合连接载荷传递的影响。
综上所述,大多数研究通过试验研究和数值模拟的方法,分析胶黏剂属性和连接结构几何尺寸对胶螺混合连接接头拉伸性能的影响规律,但鲜有研究涉及拧紧力矩对胶螺混合连接结构的拉伸性能、失效机制以及胶层损伤演化的影响。
根据上述研究现状和问题,本文针对编织型复合材料胶螺混合连接接头,建立相应的三维胶螺混合连接接头力学失效有限元模型。采用渐进损伤的方法模拟层合板损伤演化过程,判据选择三维Linde准则,材料退化方式选择基于断裂能量的指数型参数退化。采用试验研究和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究不同拧紧力矩(0 、1、2、3、4、5 N·m)对连接接头结构强度、损伤形式以及胶层损伤演化的影响,探究不同连接工艺参数对编织型复合材料胶螺混合连接接头承载强度的影响,以此来为此类结构设计和实际应用提供参考依据。
为表征拉伸过程中编织型复合材料的损伤萌生与扩展,本文采用三维Linde失效准则和指数型参数退化建立编织型复合材料损伤萌生与扩展预测模型。其中,三维Linde失效准则包括纤维失效、基体失效与层间失效等损伤失效形式,失效准则如下:
纤维方向失效判据式为
基体方向失效判据式为
材料层间失效判据式为
式中,FfFmFd分别为纤维损伤、基体损伤、分层损伤系数,当损伤系数大于1表明出现了对应的损伤;εiiγijij=1,2,3)分别为主应变与剪切应变;XtYtZt分别为层合板3个主方向的拉伸强度;XcYcZc分别为层合板3个主方向的压缩强度;S12S13均为层合板相应面内的剪切强度;Ciii=1,2,…,5)为层合板主方向的刚度系数。
当材料满足上面某个失效判据式时,开始产生损伤,且复合材料会随着载荷的增加而慢慢退化。这一演化过程采用基于断裂能量的指数型参数退化的方式模拟结构损伤失效过程中的损伤演化与扩展,其中损伤变量dii=1,2,3)的计算式为
式中,k = f、m、d;L为网格的特征长度,由模型的网格划分确定;StS = XYZ)为材料不同方向的拉伸强度;Gii = f、m、d)为对应损伤模式的损伤断裂韧性。
为了描述损伤对材料刚度的影响和材料性能退化,本文将纤维、基体和层间失效损伤变量引入材料应力-应变本构关系,其表达式为
式中,bi = 1 - dibij = 2bibj/(bi + bj )。
为了模拟层合板之间的胶层损伤演化过程,本文采用Abaqus软件内嵌的内聚力模型中的双线性本构模型来模拟层合板之间的胶层失效,具体表达式如下:
式中,n表示法向;s表示面内剪切方向;t表示面外剪切方向;Knn = Enn/T0Kss = Ess/T0Ktt = Ett/T0EnnEssEtt分别为胶层在nst方向的弹性模量;δnδsδt分别为Cohesive单元节点在nst方向的相对位移;D为刚度退化系数,范围为[0,1],D = 0表示胶层无损伤发生,D = 1表示胶层完全失效,刚度退化为0;T0为Cohesive单元的初始厚度;tntstt分别为nst方向的应力。
选择二次名义应力准则为胶层损伤起始判断依据,其表达式为
式中为胶层界面法向强度;分别为胶层面内、面外剪切强度。
为模拟胶层内聚力单元的损伤演化过程,选择基于能量的B-K准则为损伤扩展准则,表达式为
式中,GC为混合失效时的临界应变能释放率;为法向临界断裂能;为面内剪切方向临界断裂能;为面外剪切方向临界断裂能;η为材料相关参数,本文中设置η = 2。
整个连接结构的渐进损伤分析过程包括应力应变的更新、失效准则的判定和材料性能的退化,如图1所示。
按照ASTM D5961/D5691M—13标准,对编织型复合材料单搭接胶螺混合连接接头进行建模,其几何模型如图2所示。试验件采用的紧固件为六角头干涉螺栓紧固件,并配有平垫圈和自锁螺母。螺栓与螺母材料为航空用Ti-6Al-4V钛合金,其具体参数如下:密度为4 430 kg/m3,弹性模量为112 GPa,泊松比为0.34。
胶黏剂选用中国黑龙江石油化工研究院生产的J-168常温固化胶黏剂,其具体参数如下:密度为2 000 kg/m3,弹性模量为2.825 GPa,剪切模量为1. 525 GPa。
使用的层合板为编织型复合材料层合板,铺层方式为[0/45]3s,单层厚度为0.25 mm,共12层,总厚度为3 mm,材料对应的力学参数如表1所示。
以上述连接接头的几何尺寸为例,基于Abaqus/Explicit软件为编织型复合材料胶螺混合连接结构建立有限元模型。将紧固件简化成哑铃状,在螺栓、螺帽与层合板之间建立有限滑移的面面接触,在切向采用罚函数设置摩擦因数,在法向使用硬接触,将螺帽、螺栓与层合板之间的摩擦因数设置为0.2,胶层与层合板之间的接触采用面-面绑定的方式,层合板、螺栓单元均采用C3D8R单元,胶层单元采用Cohesive单元。由于Abaqus/Explicit软件缺少“Bolt-Load”模块来施加螺栓预紧力,因此需要将预紧力转化为压力,通过“PRESSURE”模块来模拟施加螺栓预紧力,边界条件设置为一端固支,另一端沿x方向施加2 mm的轴向位移载荷,其整体有限元仿真模型如图3所示。
为验证不同拧紧力矩下胶螺混合连接接头有限元模型的准确性,本文准备了与图2所示相同的几何参数,胶层厚度为0.5 mm,螺孔间隙量为干涉量0%,拧紧力矩分别为0、1、2、3、4、5 N∙m的连接件在GDW-60型电子万能拉伸机上进行测试,拉伸试验参考ASTM D5961/D5961M—13测试标准进行。试验前,为保证层合板几何尺寸的准确性,通过高压水切工艺切割层合板制备单搭接试片。通过钻铰一体化的刀具制备复合材料试件中设计的连接孔。制孔完成后,为防止复合材料表面脱模剂影响胶接性能,采用400目砂纸对胶接区域进行打磨,并使用酒精对试片连接孔和打磨部分进行清洗处理,以去除油污和碎屑。设置烘箱温度为50 ℃,放置烘箱烘干1 h,烘干后冷却放置0.5 h。
然后按照J-168型胶黏剂的使用要求,将改性环氧树脂、200#聚酯胺、703固化剂、填料以100∶20∶12∶5的质量比充分混合,再对胶接区域进行涂胶。涂胶完成后,为保证胶层厚度达到试验设计的要求,采用少量不同直径的金属微珠涂布在胶接区域边缘和孔周边缘,以防止胶层质量受影响,再将另一块层合板铺叠在胶接区域。在胶接完成后安装螺栓,针对干涉连接接头,需通过万能试验机以5 mm/min的速度将螺栓压入复合材料叠层结构,最后使用定力矩扳手将螺母拧至设定值,将胶螺混合连接试件放入精密型复合材料烘箱,设置温度为25 ℃,固化24 h以上,完成试验件的制备,如图4所示。
使用GDW-60型电子万能拉伸试验机对编织型复合材料胶螺混合连接接头进行准静态拉伸试验,如图5所示。
为防止试验机两端夹头在拉伸过程中因夹持而对试件产生附加弯矩,在复合材料层合板两端黏结与板材厚度相同的垫片,再将胶螺混合连接结构试件的两端夹持在试验机上,上、下端都由夹头完全固定。然后为消除夹持时产生的间隙影响,需先预加载至500 N后卸载,再在上端施加纵向的位移载荷,其拉伸速率为2 mm/min。试验过程中需记录夹头位移、载荷等数据,最后当试件载荷-位移曲线开始下降时,终止试验。对每种规格的试件重复测试3次,以保证试验结果的可靠性。
胶层厚度为0.5 mm,拧紧力矩为4 N∙m,螺孔间隙量为干涉量0%的试验和仿真的载荷-位移曲线如图6所示。由图6可知,两段曲线变化趋势基本一致,大致可以分为两个阶段:线性上升阶段和非线性增长阶段。当拉伸位移在0~1.2 mm时,胶螺混合连接接头在胶层的作用下呈线性上升趋势,试验和仿真曲线基本吻合,仿真曲线斜率略大于试验;当拉伸位移大于1. 2 mm时,载荷达到胶层断裂值,胶层破坏,胶螺混合连接构件部分失效,载荷-位移曲线瞬间下降,仿真曲线下降幅度略大于试验曲线;之后只有层合板与螺栓之间的挤压传递载荷,载荷-位移曲线成非线性缓慢增长,复合材料出现纤维断裂、基体压溃和分层等损伤,直至螺接失效,载荷-位移曲线开始下降,编织型胶螺混合连接接头构件完全失效。
图6可以看出,试验中胶层断裂载荷值为18.95 kN,仿真结果为19. 29 kN,相对误差为1. 8%,试验结果与仿真结果非常接近。这说明本文使用的数值模拟方法具有良好的准确性和有效性,可以有效预测胶螺混合连接结构的力学性能变化与损伤演化。
为分析拧紧力矩对连接结构强度的影响,提取试验与仿真的载荷-位移曲线中胶层断裂时的载荷值,计算胶层的剪切强度。
胶层剪切强度的表达式为
式中,τ为胶层剪切强度;FAf为胶层断裂时的载荷值;LA为胶接区域长度;W为胶接区域宽度。
不同拧紧力矩下连接件的胶层剪切强度分布如图7所示。由图7可知,试验与仿真相对误差都在6%以内,说明数值模型与试验结果非常贴近。
结果表明,随着拧紧力矩的增大,胶层剪切强度会呈现显著的增长趋势。这是因为拧紧力矩的增加,能在拉伸过程中提供较大的夹紧力,减小胶层的剥离应力,提高连接结构中的胶接强度。将拧紧力矩设置为4 N∙m时,连接件的胶层剪切强度达到最大值14.59 MPa。然而,当拧紧力矩大于5 N·m时,连接件的胶层剪切强度降低,相较于4 N·m的连接件下降了51. 54%。
为解释拧紧力矩为5 N·m时连接件的胶层剪切强度下降的原因,本文通过有限元仿真得到了不同拧紧力矩作用下胶螺混合连接结构的胶层孔周应力分布(图8),通过光学显微镜对其界面形貌进行观察,得到不同拧紧力矩作用下连接结构界面形貌(图9)。
图8图9可知,适当的拧紧力矩可以增加胶层孔周应力,使胶层与上、下层合板紧密贴合,从而增强连接结构的胶层剪切强度。而当拧紧力矩增至5 N∙m时,胶层与上、下层合板紧密贴合的同时,也会进一步加重胶层孔周应力集中,致使胶层内部出现裂纹,从而降低连接件中的胶层剪切强度。因此,在对复合材料构件采用胶螺混合连接进行装配时,需要选取合适的拧紧力矩,提高编织型复合材料胶螺混合连接构件的承载强度。
为分析拧紧力矩对胶层损伤演化的影响,通过有限元仿真分析在胶层失效前的胶层损伤分布,如图10所示。由图10可以看出,胶层损伤演化时,其损伤起始主要从胶层边缘开始,然后逐渐向中间延伸。随着拧紧力矩的增大,可以发现胶层损伤向中间延伸的趋势逐渐减小。这是因为螺栓预紧力的增加可以提高胶层的抗剥离能力,有效减缓了胶层失效,延长了胶层承载的时间,增强了连接结构的胶层强度。
在胶层失效后,连接接头主要通过螺栓与复合材料孔壁的挤压来传递载荷。因此,不同拧紧力矩作用下连接件层合板损伤形式基本相同,会出现大量的纤维断裂或基体压溃,并伴有严重的分层损伤。为验证建立的胶螺混合连接接头力学失效模型的准确性和有效性,选取了拧紧力矩分别为1、2、3、4、5 N∙m的胶螺混合连接接头失效时复合材料的损伤形式与拉伸试验中复合材料承载面的损伤形式进行对比,如图11所示。由于螺栓在拉伸过程中会发生倾斜,纤维损伤(SDV1)、面内基体损伤(SDV2)、面外分层损伤(SDV3)在厚度上分布不均,集中在左侧螺孔处的上层合板和右侧螺孔处的下层合板。其中的纤维损伤主要集中在螺栓与层合板之间挤压的位置以及螺栓头的下方,分布在纤维方向与载荷方向相同的0°纤维铺层,呈条状向外延伸。此时上、下层合板的纤维损伤形式主要是铺层弯曲。这是因为胶层失效的载荷由螺栓与层合板之间挤压承受,拧紧力矩对上、下层合板施加预紧力,以此为连接结构提供侧向支撑;而复合材料层合板纤维方向铺层受载荷影响开始压溃,从而导致上、下层合板整体发生铺层弯曲。
面内基体压溃损伤主要集中在接头挤压侧,其损伤沿层合板表面整体呈带状分布。复合材料的分层损伤相比于前两者更加严重,不仅大量分布在螺栓与层合板之间的挤压处,还分布在螺栓头下方,呈带状向层合板两边延伸。这是因为编织型复合材料厚度方向强度低,无法承受较大载荷,同时螺栓倾斜,压入层合板,导致其分层损伤严重。
针对编织型复合材料胶螺混合连接接头的力学性能分析,建立了一种基于三维渐进损伤模型和内聚力模型的胶螺混合连接接头力学失效模型来模拟连接接头的力学行为与损伤演化。对比试验与仿真下的胶层剪切强度与损伤破坏形貌,仿真结果与试验结果吻合程度较好,验证了渐进损伤模型的准确性。得出以下结论:
1)建立了编织型胶螺混合连接接头有限元分析模型,采用三维渐进损伤分析方法和内聚力模型表征了胶螺混合连接接头拉伸过程中的损伤演化过程与力学响应。仿真结果与试验结果较为吻合,预测的胶层断裂载荷值与试验结果相近。
2)当拧紧力矩由0 N∙m变化至5 N∙m时,胶螺混合连接接头的胶层剪切强度先增大后减小;当拧紧力矩为4 N∙m时,连接接头胶层剪切强度最大,其值为14.59 MPa。这是因为适当的拧紧力矩可以提高胶层剥离能力,增强连接接头的胶接强度。
3)通过试验和仿真方法分析了拉伸过程中不同拧紧力矩下胶螺混合连接接头胶层损伤扩展过程和层合板损伤分布。拧紧力矩能有效延缓连接接头中的胶层损伤演化,层合板损伤形式以纤维断裂、基体压溃和分层损伤为主,集中在左侧螺孔处的上层合板和右侧螺孔处的下层合板。
  • 安徽省重点研发计划项目(202203a05020039)
  • 中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M720939)
  • 江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20231444)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52005259)
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2025年第47卷第7期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.07.003
  • 接收时间:2023-10-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-24
  • 修回日期:2024-01-09
基金
Anhui Province Key Research and Development Program(202203a05020039)
安徽省重点研发计划项目(202203a05020039)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M720939)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M720939)
Natural Science Fund for Jiangsu Province(BK20231444)
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20231444)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52005259)
国家自然科学基金项目(52005259)
作者信息
    1.南京航空航天大学 机电学院,南京 210016
    2.中航西安飞机工业集团股份有限公司,西安 710089
    3.南京理工大学 机械工程学院,南京 210094
    4.上海航天电子技术研究所,上海 201109

通讯作者:

胡俊山,男,1988年生,湖北宜昌人,博士,副教授;主要研究方向为飞行器先进装配技术、飞行器金属/复合材料结构修复技术、智能装配/修复工艺与装备;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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