Article(id=1241446330892087623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241446328396476740, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.07.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729526400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-22, revisedDate=1732032000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773913470241, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773913470241, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773913470241, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773913470241, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241446328396476740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773913469647, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773916972123, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241461018921062969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241446328396476740, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241461018921062970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241446328396476740, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=56, endPage=64, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241446331143745865, articleId=1241446330892087623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Dynamic simulation and vibration test of tooth breakage fault for metro gearbox, columnId=1241446330749481285, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=·Fatigue·Damage·Fracture·Failure Analysis·, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Metro gearbox is a key component for torque transmission in vehicles, and its failure will directly affect the safety of train operation. The vibration characteristics of tooth breakage faults in metro gearbox were studied by combining dynamic simulation and vibration test. Firstly, based on the dynamic relationships and constraint characteristics between various components of metro gearbox, a rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of metro gearbox with tooth breakage faults was established through the impact function method, Coulomb friction model, bearing modeling, flexible body of the housing and gear system dynamics theory. The dynamic response of the gearbox under different types of tooth breakage faults was studied, and the influence of operating parameters on the vibration characteristics of tooth breakage was analyzed. Then,through vibration test, the dynamic response of metro gearbox under normal state and broken tooth fault was obtained,verifying the accuracy of the dynamic simulation model. The results indicate that the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model can effectively calculate the acceleration response of gearbox in different operating states, provide diagnostic basis for the prediction and identification of tooth breakage faults in the gearbox.

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WANG Zhengbing, E-mail:
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地铁牵引齿轮箱是车辆转矩传递的关键零部件,其一旦发生故障将直接影响列车的运行安全。因此,结合动力学仿真和振动试验,对地铁齿轮箱的断齿故障振动特性进行了研究。首先,根据地铁齿轮箱各部件间的动力学关联及其约束特征,通过冲击函数法、库仑摩擦模型、轴承建模、箱体柔性体和齿轮系统动力学理论,建立了地铁齿轮箱刚柔耦合断齿故障动力学模型,研究了不同断齿故障类型下齿轮箱的动态响应,分析了工况参数对断齿振动特性的影响。其次,通过振动试验,获得了齿轮箱正常和断齿故障状态下的动态响应,对动力学仿真模型的准确性进行了验证。结果表明,刚柔耦合动力学模型可有效计算齿轮箱不同运行状态的加速度响应,为齿轮箱的断齿故障预测和识别提供诊断依据。

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王征兵,男,1985年生,河南周口人,博士,高级工程师;主要研究方向为齿轮传动技术;E-mail:

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王征兵,男,1985年生,河南周口人,博士,高级工程师;主要研究方向为齿轮传动技术;E-mail:

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王征兵,男,1985年生,河南周口人,博士,高级工程师;主要研究方向为齿轮传动技术;E-mail:

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label=Fig. 12, caption=Comparison of the results between test and simulation, figureFileSmall=+ou03Br4zbl4LB397nyz9g==, figureFileBig=b2dTN7/zlvyizq7/HbV2hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446345601512067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241446330892087623, language=CN, label=图12, caption=试验与仿真结果对比, figureFileSmall=+ou03Br4zbl4LB397nyz9g==, figureFileBig=b2dTN7/zlvyizq7/HbV2hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241446345681203846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241446330892087623, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Parameters of helical gears

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参数类型Parameter type主动轮 Pinion从动轮Wheel
齿数Number of teeth16107
模数Modulus/mm5.5
压力角Pressure angle/(°)20
螺旋角Spiral angle/(°)17
变位系数Modification coefficient/ mm0.314 5-0.076 1
齿宽Tooth width/mm8075
), ArticleFig(id=1241446345769284233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241446330892087623, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

斜齿轮参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数类型Parameter type主动轮 Pinion从动轮Wheel
齿数Number of teeth16107
模数Modulus/mm5.5
压力角Pressure angle/(°)20
螺旋角Spiral angle/(°)17
变位系数Modification coefficient/ mm0.314 5-0.076 1
齿宽Tooth width/mm8075
), ArticleFig(id=1241446345836393100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241446330892087623, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Bearing types and center position coordinates in the model

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轴承序号
Bearing number
轴承名称及型号
Name and type of bearing
轴承中心坐标
Bearing center coordinate/mm
轴承1
Bearing 1
圆柱滚子轴承
Cylindrical roller bearing 80×140×26
(0,0,60.75)
轴承2
Bearing 2
圆柱滚子轴承
Cylindrical roller bearing 80×140×26
(0,0,-60.75)
轴承3
Bearing 3
四点接触轴承Four-point contact ball bearing 80×140×26(0,0,-86.75)
轴承4
Bearing 4
圆锥滚子轴承
Tapered roller bearing 220×285×41
(355,0,111)
轴承5
Bearing 5
圆锥滚子轴承
Tapered roller bearing 220×285×41
(355,0,-70)
), ArticleFig(id=1241446345932862095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241446330892087623, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

轴承类型及在模型中的中心位置坐标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
轴承序号
Bearing number
轴承名称及型号
Name and type of bearing
轴承中心坐标
Bearing center coordinate/mm
轴承1
Bearing 1
圆柱滚子轴承
Cylindrical roller bearing 80×140×26
(0,0,60.75)
轴承2
Bearing 2
圆柱滚子轴承
Cylindrical roller bearing 80×140×26
(0,0,-60.75)
轴承3
Bearing 3
四点接触轴承Four-point contact ball bearing 80×140×26(0,0,-86.75)
轴承4
Bearing 4
圆锥滚子轴承
Tapered roller bearing 220×285×41
(355,0,111)
轴承5
Bearing 5
圆锥滚子轴承
Tapered roller bearing 220×285×41
(355,0,-70)
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地铁牵引齿轮箱断齿故障动力学仿真及振动试验
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王征兵 1 , 杨亚 1 , 林静辉 1 , 岳子毫 2
机械强度 | ·疲劳·损伤·断裂·失效分析· 2025,47(7): 56-64
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机械强度 | ·疲劳·损伤·断裂·失效分析· 2025, 47(7): 56-64
地铁牵引齿轮箱断齿故障动力学仿真及振动试验
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王征兵1 , 杨亚1, 林静辉1, 岳子毫2
作者信息
  • 1.芜湖职业技术学院 智能制造学院,芜湖 241006
  • 2.郑机所(郑州)传动科技有限公司,郑州 450001
  • 王征兵,男,1985年生,河南周口人,博士,高级工程师;主要研究方向为齿轮传动技术;E-mail:

Dynamic simulation and vibration test of tooth breakage fault for metro gearbox
Zhengbing WANG1 , Ya YANG1, Jinghui LIN1, Zihao YUE2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu 241006, China
  • 2.ZRIME Gearing Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.07.007
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地铁牵引齿轮箱是车辆转矩传递的关键零部件,其一旦发生故障将直接影响列车的运行安全。因此,结合动力学仿真和振动试验,对地铁齿轮箱的断齿故障振动特性进行了研究。首先,根据地铁齿轮箱各部件间的动力学关联及其约束特征,通过冲击函数法、库仑摩擦模型、轴承建模、箱体柔性体和齿轮系统动力学理论,建立了地铁齿轮箱刚柔耦合断齿故障动力学模型,研究了不同断齿故障类型下齿轮箱的动态响应,分析了工况参数对断齿振动特性的影响。其次,通过振动试验,获得了齿轮箱正常和断齿故障状态下的动态响应,对动力学仿真模型的准确性进行了验证。结果表明,刚柔耦合动力学模型可有效计算齿轮箱不同运行状态的加速度响应,为齿轮箱的断齿故障预测和识别提供诊断依据。

地铁齿轮箱  /  断齿故障  /  动态响应  /  振动试验

Metro gearbox is a key component for torque transmission in vehicles, and its failure will directly affect the safety of train operation. The vibration characteristics of tooth breakage faults in metro gearbox were studied by combining dynamic simulation and vibration test. Firstly, based on the dynamic relationships and constraint characteristics between various components of metro gearbox, a rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of metro gearbox with tooth breakage faults was established through the impact function method, Coulomb friction model, bearing modeling, flexible body of the housing and gear system dynamics theory. The dynamic response of the gearbox under different types of tooth breakage faults was studied, and the influence of operating parameters on the vibration characteristics of tooth breakage was analyzed. Then,through vibration test, the dynamic response of metro gearbox under normal state and broken tooth fault was obtained,verifying the accuracy of the dynamic simulation model. The results indicate that the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model can effectively calculate the acceleration response of gearbox in different operating states, provide diagnostic basis for the prediction and identification of tooth breakage faults in the gearbox.

Metro gearbox  /  Tooth breakage fault  /  Dynamic response  /  Vibration test
王征兵, 杨亚, 林静辉, 岳子毫. 地铁牵引齿轮箱断齿故障动力学仿真及振动试验. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (7) : 56 -64 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.07.007
Zhengbing WANG, Ya YANG, Jinghui LIN, Zihao YUE. Dynamic simulation and vibration test of tooth breakage fault for metro gearbox[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (7) : 56 -64 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.07.007
地铁牵引齿轮箱位于列车转向架上,连接电动机和轮对,是车辆转矩传递的关键零部件,被称为地铁车辆的“心脏”,其一旦发生故障将直接影响列车的运行安全[1-2]。据已报道的文献[3-4]显示,在齿轮箱各零件中,齿轮引发的故障比例约占60%,其中又以断齿故障引发的影响最为严重。因此,对地铁齿轮箱进行断齿故障动力学仿真及振动特性研究具有重要意义。
近年来,国内外学者围绕齿轮箱故障进行了不同深度的研究。解开泰等[5]采用有限元法建立了裂纹和断齿故障的二级直齿轮减速器系统模型,通过多元多尺度样本熵(Multivariate Multiscale Sample Entropy, MMSE)和奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition, SVD)算法对故障齿轮生命周期的劣化程度进行了评估。贾元植等[6]利用集中参数理论建立了行星齿轮传动系统局部断齿故障动力学模型,研究了利用时频分析法对断齿故障和断齿故障程度进行分析和识别的可行性。苏舟等[7]综合调Q小波变换和灰色绝对接近关联度模型构建了信号频域特征驱动的灰色故障诊断算法,并利用该方法对列车轮对轴承和汽车变速器在磨损和断齿故障等不同运行状态的故障信号进行分析识别,验证了该方法的优越性。SHI等[8]通过建立基于Adams/Matlab软件的风力发电机齿轮仿真模型,研究了正常齿轮和断齿齿轮的故障特性。王征兵等[9]350-356结合斜齿轮接触变化规律、单齿啮合刚度和ISO标准,建立了斜齿轮准静态弹性模型,并基于该模型讨论了不同断齿类型和断齿程度对斜齿轮啮合刚度和载荷分配系数的影响。YANG等[10-11]建立了典型NGW行星齿轮传动系统动力学模型,分别分析了沿齿宽断齿和局部崩角断齿对齿轮时变啮合刚度和系统动态响应的影响,并通过试验对仿真结果的准确性进行了验证。JIANG等[12]建立了考虑齿面摩擦和断齿故障的斜齿轮转子系统动力学模型,分析了断齿故障和齿面摩擦对斜齿轮动态响应的影响,结果表明,断齿会引起动态传动误差出现幅值调制现象,而滑动摩擦对振动频率的增大有一定抑制作用。FU等[13]采用集中质量法建立了两级平行轴齿轮传动纯扭振动模型,通过在啮合刚度中引入脉冲函数模拟断齿故障,对比分析了正常和断齿工况下系统的动态响应,并通过振动试验验证了仿真方法的有效性。JEDLIŃSKI等[14]采用试验法对单级故障斜齿轮传动系统进行了振动测试,并应用非线性递归方法对振动测试数据进行了分析,验证了非线性递归方法对检测齿轮断齿故障和识别断齿程度的有效性。虽然国内外学者对齿轮系统断齿故障动态响应已进行了一定程度研究,但对于地铁齿轮箱,国内技术起步较晚,安装方式和服役工况较为复杂,其动力学行为和故障特性有其本身的特殊性。本文综合考虑地铁齿轮箱箱体变形特点和齿轮箱各部件间的动力学关联及约束特征,结合齿轮动力学理论和故障类型,建立了地铁齿轮箱刚柔耦合断齿故障动力学模型,对不同断齿故障类型下齿轮箱的动态特性进行研究,获得了断齿故障对齿轮箱动态响应的影响规律;通过齿轮箱断齿故障振动试验,以验证动力学仿真模型的准确性。
地铁齿轮箱采用单级斜齿轮传动,主要结构包括上/下箱体、斜齿轮副、车轴、支撑轴承等,根据表1中参数建立地铁齿轮箱实体模型,如图1(a)所示。不同于传统的底座式安装,地铁齿轮箱采用轴悬式安装,上箱体通过吊杆与转向架相连,从动轮通过车轴与车轮相连,工作中箱体承受来自齿轮、车轮和转向架的多源振动。本文采用Adams/ViewFlex软件将箱体创建为柔性体,结果如图1(b)所示。
图2是地铁齿轮箱轴承布置图。将坐标原点设在轴齿轮中心,各轴承类型及中心位置坐标如表2所示。为了提高计算的准确性和真实反映轴承的实际工作状态,根据表2中数据采用Adams/Machinery软件创建滚动轴承详细接触模型。
齿轮啮合过程中,齿面接触力由法向接触力和切向摩擦力两部分组成,如式(1)所示:
式中,F为齿面接触力;Fn为法向接触力;Fμ为切向摩擦力。
法向接触力计算有两种方法:补偿计算法和冲击函数法。冲击函数法以赫兹接触理论为基础,将接触力分为弹性力和阻尼力两部分,相比补偿计算法,可以更加真实地反映齿轮的啮合接触。法向接触力函数表达式为
式中,K为等效接触刚度;δ为穿透深度;n为力指数,金属材料一般取值1.3~1. 5;δmax为最大允许穿透深度;C为接触阻尼;fSTEP (·)为阶跃函数。
等效接触刚度计算式为
式中,R为综合曲率半径;R1R2分别为两齿面接触点的曲率半径,计算时可以齿轮节圆半径近似代替;E为综合弹性模量;υ1υ2分别为两齿轮材料的泊松比;E1E2分别为两齿轮材料的弹性模量。
接触阻尼计算式为
式中,ξ为接触阻尼比,一般在0.03~0.17;J1J2分别为两齿轮的转动惯量。
根据赫兹接触理论,接触点的穿透深度为
式中,p为接触点载荷。
斜齿轮啮合过程中,单个齿面载荷可采用接触线长百分比法近似计算。一个啮合周期内,单对齿接触线长可表示为
式中,βb为基圆螺旋角;pbt为基圆端面齿距;Tm为啮合周期;εαεβεγ分别为斜齿轮的端面重合度、轴向重合度、总重合度。
根据啮合的周期性,第i条接触线长度可表示为
则总接触线长为
式中,N为同时啮合齿对数。
根据接触线长百分比法,第i对轮齿的齿面载荷为
断齿故障状态下,斜齿轮啮合齿面的接触面积会减少,接触线长度发生改变,进而改变轮齿承受的齿面载荷。断齿故障斜齿轮接触线长度计算可参照文献[9354-355
切向摩擦力采用库仑摩擦模型表示,摩擦力的大小与法向接触力成正比,方向与相对滑动速度方向相反,其函数表达式为
式中,μ为摩擦因数,摩擦因数与相对滑动速度的关系如图3所示。图3中,Vs为静摩擦相对滑动速度;Vd为动摩擦相对滑动速度;μs为静摩擦因数;μd为动摩擦因数。根据齿轮的材料和润滑方式,取静摩擦因数为0.08,动摩擦因数为0.05,静摩擦相对滑动速度为0.1 mm/s,动摩擦相对滑动速度为10 mm/s。
模拟主动小齿轮发生断齿故障,分别建立沿接触线方向局部断齿和沿齿宽方向整齿折断两种典型断齿形式的齿轮模型,如图4所示。分析中使用存在断齿故障的齿轮替换正常齿轮,生成不同类型的断齿故障齿轮箱动力学仿真模型。
根据地铁齿轮箱各部件之间的连接和运动关系,分别在大齿轮与车轴、箱体与大地间添加固定副,在小齿轮与大地间添加旋转副,小齿轮与大齿轮间添加接触力等对各部件进行约束。地铁齿轮箱工作时需要频繁地启动、加速及制动,为了防止起步阶段因数值突变造成计算不收敛,分别采用fSTEP (·)函数在小齿轮轴上添加驱动转速fSTEP (time,0,0dtn1d),在车轴上添加负载转矩fSTEP (time,0,0,tT )。
箱体测点位置关系到获取信号的质量。由齿轮箱动力传递路径可知,振动主要通过“齿轮-轴-轴承-箱体”进行传递,综合考虑箱体结构、测量便利性以及信号衰减影响等因素,本文将测点设在上箱体大齿轮轴承座承载区域处,如图1(b)所示。
根据地铁齿轮箱实际运行工况,选定仿真方案为电动机转速1 800 r/min,电动机转矩1 008 N·m。基于上述刚柔耦合动力学仿真模型,设定仿真总时长为1 s,仿真步长为1×10-4 s,分别在主动齿轮轴和输出车轴上采用fSTEP (·)函数0.2 s加载到规定的转速和转矩,对含正常齿轮和断齿故障的齿轮箱进行动力学仿真分析。
仿真分析时,齿轮转动频率和啮合频率计算式分别为
式中,fr为齿轮转动频率;n'为齿轮转速;fm为齿轮啮合频率;z为对应齿轮齿数。
图5为地铁齿轮箱在正常齿轮、局部断齿和整齿折断不同运行状态时的振动加速度时域响应。可以看出,正常齿轮时,齿轮箱振动加速度波形分布均匀,加速度峰峰值为35.5 m/s2;局部断齿时,相比正常齿轮,加速度波形可见周期性冲击信号,加速度峰峰值增大为39. 04 m/s2;整齿折断状态下,齿轮箱加速度波形变得稀疏,同时出现明显的周期性冲击,冲击信号间隔周期为0.033 s,与断齿故障齿轮的转动周期一致,加速度峰峰值达到56. 84 m/s2,振动进一步加剧。
图6为齿轮箱在不同运行状态时的加速度频域响应。可以看出,正常齿轮时,齿轮箱振动成分主要以齿轮啮合频率及其倍频为主;发生局部断齿时,对比正常齿轮状态,在齿轮啮合频率fm、2fm和3fm两侧出现明显的边频带,进一步分析知各相邻频率之间差值为30 Hz,是断齿故障齿轮的转频;沿齿宽整齿折断时,相比局部断齿,故障边频带幅值更大,尤其在低频区,故障频率振动幅值超过齿轮啮合频率及其倍频幅值。
在齿轮箱整齿折断故障运行状态下,保持输入转矩1 008 N·m不变,分别取输入转速的0.5、1倍、1.5倍和2倍数值,对齿轮箱的动态响应进行仿真计算,结果如图7所示。
图7图5图6可看出,时域内,随着转速升高,由断齿引起的周期性冲击信号幅值不断增大,且冲击信号的时间间隔与断齿故障齿轮的转动周期一致。频域内,齿轮啮合频率幅值随着转速的升高整体上呈不断增大的趋势,故障特征边频带随着转速的变化较为明显,尤其在低频区,转速越高,故障频率边频带的幅值越大。
保持输入转速1 800 r/min不变,分别取输入转矩的0.5、1倍、1.5倍和2倍数值,对齿轮箱的动态响应进行仿真计算,结果如图8所示。
可以看出,时域内,由断齿引起的振动加速度冲击幅值随着转矩增大整体上呈不断增加的趋势;频域内,随着转矩不断增大,齿轮啮合频率及其倍频振动幅值变化不明显,低频区的故障边频带幅值随转矩增大而增大。对比图7可知,在电动机功率不变的情况下,相比转速变化,转矩变化对振动加速度的影响要小。
图9是不同转速和转矩下振动加速度无量纲特征值的统计情况。可以看出,峰值因子、脉冲因子和峭度随着转速增大整体上数值不断降低;随着转矩增大,峰值因子、脉冲因子和峭度数值变化不明显;可见,加速度无量纲时域特征值受转速变化的影响更大。
为验证断齿故障动力学仿真的准确性,设计了地铁齿轮箱断齿故障振动试验,断齿故障类型为小齿轮沿齿宽方向全齿折断,加速度传感器布置于齿轮箱输入轴与输出轴箱体轴承座及轴承端盖处,如图10所示。试验采用与仿真相同的工况,电动机转速1 800 r/min和转矩1 008 N·m。设置采样频率为10 000 Hz,测试齿轮箱对应的振动加速度信号,通过与仿真结果对比,对动力学仿真模型的准确性进行验证。
图11为正常齿轮和断齿故障时齿轮箱动态响应试验测试结果。可以看出,时域内,正常齿轮时,箱体振动加速度波形相对平稳,分布均匀,无明显冲击;齿轮发生断齿故障后,振动加速度波形幅值明显增大,且出现明显的周期性冲击,冲击间隔时间为0.033 s,对应发生断齿故障小齿轮转动周期。频域内,加速度振动以齿轮啮合频率及其倍频为主,且伴有幅值较低的边频带。齿轮发生断齿故障后,在齿轮啮合频率及其倍频两侧出现大量幅值较高的故障边频带,边频带的频率间隔为30 Hz,对应断齿故障齿轮转动频率。整体上与仿真结果是一致的。
图12为齿轮箱试验测试和动力学仿真的振动加速度均方根值对比。可以看出,正常齿轮时,二者误差约为10.8%,断齿故障时,二者误差约为1.6%,整体上试验测试和刚柔耦合动力学仿真结果一致。
基于齿轮传动系统动力学理论,结合故障动力学仿真和台架试验,对地铁齿轮箱的断齿故障振动特性进行了研究,为齿轮箱的断齿故障预测与诊断提供支撑。
1)根据地铁齿轮箱各部件间的动力学关联及其约束特征、齿轮系统动力学理论和断齿故障类型,建立了地铁齿轮箱刚柔耦合断齿故障动力学模型,并通过齿轮箱断齿故障振动试验,验证了动力学模型的准确性。
2)基于动力学仿真分析,研究了地铁齿轮箱在正常齿轮、局部断齿和整齿折断不同运行状态下箱体振动加速度动态响应规律。时域内,随着断齿故障程度增加,加速度波形越来越稀疏,周期性冲击信号幅值不断增大,冲击周期与故障齿轮转动周期一致。频域内,发生断齿故障后,在齿轮啮合频率fm、2fm和3fm两侧出现明显边频带,且故障边频带幅值随断齿故障程度增加而增大,整齿折断时,低频区故障频率振幅超过齿轮啮合频率及其倍频幅值。
3)研究了工况参数对地铁齿轮箱断齿振动特性的影响。时域内,由断齿引发的周期性冲击幅值随转速增大而增大;频域内,低频区故障频率幅值随转速增大而明显增加。在电动机功率不变情况下,相比转速变化,转矩变化对断齿振动特性的影响要小。加速度无量纲时域特征值统计结果也表明,转速比转矩对峰值因子、脉冲因子和峭度的敏感性更大。
  • 安徽省高校科学研究项目(2024AH052028; 2024AH052010)
  • 芜湖职业技术学院自然科学重点项目(wzyzrzd202410; wzyzrzd202408)
  • 芜湖职业技术学院校级科技创新团队(wzykytd202403)
  • 芜湖职业技术学院引进人才科研启动基金(wzyrc202405)
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2025年第47卷第7期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.07.007
  • 接收时间:2024-10-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-22
  • 修回日期:2024-11-20
基金
Anhui Universities Scientific Research Projects(2024AH052028; 2024AH052010)
安徽省高校科学研究项目(2024AH052028; 2024AH052010)
Key Projects of Wuhu Institute of Technology Natural Science(wzyzrzd202410; wzyzrzd202408)
芜湖职业技术学院自然科学重点项目(wzyzrzd202410; wzyzrzd202408)
University-level Innovation Team of Wuhu Institute of Technology(wzykytd202403)
芜湖职业技术学院校级科技创新团队(wzykytd202403)
Talent Introduction Research Start-up Fund of Wuhu Institute of Technology(wzyrc202405)
芜湖职业技术学院引进人才科研启动基金(wzyrc202405)
作者信息
    1.芜湖职业技术学院 智能制造学院,芜湖 241006
    2.郑机所(郑州)传动科技有限公司,郑州 450001
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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