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Aiming at the problem of nonlinear vertical vibration control during the dynamic rolling of strip mills, a nonlinear vibration absorber with the disc spring was designed. Firstly, considering the constraints of dynamic rolling force of the rolling mill in the vertical direction, the mathematical model of the rolling mill under the control of the nonlinear vibration absorber was established, the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve equation of the system was solved by the multi-scale method, and the influence of damping, excitation amplitude and nonlinear stiffness on the vibration suppression effect of nonlinear dynamic vibration absorber was discussed. Secondly, by analyzing the spectrum curve and time domain curve, the vibration absorber device could increase the distance between the resonance frequency and the main resonance frequency, and shorten the time of the rolling mill system from the unstable state to the stable cycle was concluded. The results show that the addition of nonlinear vibration absorber can effectively increase the anti-vibration ability of the system and suppress the vertical vibration of the system.

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FENG Mengyu, E-mail:
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针对板带轧机动态轧制过程中的非线性垂直振动控制问题,引入含有碟形弹簧的非线性吸振器。首先,考虑轧机垂直方向上动态轧制力的非线性约束,建立非线性动力吸振器控制下的两自由度轧机辊系垂直振动数学模型,采用多尺度法求解系统的幅频特性曲线方程,讨论阻尼、激励幅值和非线性刚度对非线性动力吸振器振动抑制效果的影响规律;其次,通过分析频域曲线、时域曲线得出,吸振器可以增大谐振频率与主共振频率之间的差距,缩短轧机辊系从不稳定状态收敛于稳定周期的时间。结果表明,加入非线性吸振器能够有效增加系统的抗振能力,抑制系统的垂直振动。

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冯梦雨,女,1999年生,河南周口人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为非线性动力学;E-mail:
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刘飞,男,1986年生,陕西宝鸡人,讲师,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为复杂系统建模、稳定性分析与控制;E-mail:

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刘飞,男,1986年生,陕西宝鸡人,讲师,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为复杂系统建模、稳定性分析与控制;E-mail:

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刘飞,男,1986年生,陕西宝鸡人,讲师,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为复杂系统建模、稳定性分析与控制;E-mail:

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figureFileBig=1DsnKzG7Md0ykunAk+Vp+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400393658331207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394837178609935, language=CN, label=图14, caption=含非线性吸振器的轧机辊系相图和庞加莱截面, figureFileSmall=bGLzO4VdTrb2UEbz7WLlMw==, figureFileBig=1DsnKzG7Md0ykunAk+Vp+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400395143114829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394837178609935, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Mechanical structure and rolling process parameters of 1780 rolling mill

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参数Parameter值Value
质量Mass m/kg1.4×105
刚度Stiffness k/(N/m)2.51×1010
阻尼Damping c/(N∙s/m)2.49×106
外激励幅值External excitation amplitude F/MN0.691
板带宽度Strip width B/m1
前张力Front tension τf/Pa1.89×108
后张力Back tension τb/Pa1.89×108
出口厚度Outlet thickness h/m0.001 08
入口厚度Inlet thickness H/m0.001 37
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1780型轧机机械结构及轧制工艺参数

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参数Parameter值Value
质量Mass m/kg1.4×105
刚度Stiffness k/(N/m)2.51×1010
阻尼Damping c/(N∙s/m)2.49×106
外激励幅值External excitation amplitude F/MN0.691
板带宽度Strip width B/m1
前张力Front tension τf/Pa1.89×108
后张力Back tension τb/Pa1.89×108
出口厚度Outlet thickness h/m0.001 08
入口厚度Inlet thickness H/m0.001 37
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Comparison of simulation results

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参数
Parameter
未含吸振器
Excluding vibration absorber
线性吸振器
Linear vibration absorber
非线性吸振器
Nonlinear vibration absorber
收敛时间
Time/s
0.910.5780.432
振动位移
Displacement/m
1.251×10-60.97×10-60.752×10-6
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仿真结果对比

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参数
Parameter
未含吸振器
Excluding vibration absorber
线性吸振器
Linear vibration absorber
非线性吸振器
Nonlinear vibration absorber
收敛时间
Time/s
0.910.5780.432
振动位移
Displacement/m
1.251×10-60.97×10-60.752×10-6
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含非线性吸振器的轧机振动系统动力学分析与控制
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刘飞 1, 2 , 冯梦雨 1, 2 , 马超 1, 2 , 罗瑞雪 1, 2, 3
机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025,47(5): 12-18
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机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025, 47(5): 12-18
含非线性吸振器的轧机振动系统动力学分析与控制
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刘飞1, 2 , 冯梦雨1, 2 , 马超1, 2, 罗瑞雪1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.西安科技大学 电气与控制工程学院,西安 710054
  • 2.陕西省矿山机电装备智能监测重点实验室,西安 710054
  • 3.西安市电气设备状态监测与供电安全重点实验室,西安 710054
  • 刘飞,男,1986年生,陕西宝鸡人,讲师,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为复杂系统建模、稳定性分析与控制;E-mail:

通讯作者:

冯梦雨,女,1999年生,河南周口人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为非线性动力学;E-mail:
Dynamics analysis and control of rolling mill vibration system with nonlinear vibration absorber
Fei LIU1, 2 , Mengyu FENG1, 2 , Chao MA1, 2, Ruixue LUO1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
  • 2.Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Monitoring of Mine Electromechanical Equipment, Xi’an 710054, China
  • 3.Xi’an Key Laboratory of Electrical Equipment Condition Monitoring and Power Supply Security, Xi’an 710054, China
出版时间: 2025-05-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.002
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针对板带轧机动态轧制过程中的非线性垂直振动控制问题,引入含有碟形弹簧的非线性吸振器。首先,考虑轧机垂直方向上动态轧制力的非线性约束,建立非线性动力吸振器控制下的两自由度轧机辊系垂直振动数学模型,采用多尺度法求解系统的幅频特性曲线方程,讨论阻尼、激励幅值和非线性刚度对非线性动力吸振器振动抑制效果的影响规律;其次,通过分析频域曲线、时域曲线得出,吸振器可以增大谐振频率与主共振频率之间的差距,缩短轧机辊系从不稳定状态收敛于稳定周期的时间。结果表明,加入非线性吸振器能够有效增加系统的抗振能力,抑制系统的垂直振动。

轧机  /  垂直振动  /  非线性吸振器  /  多尺度法  /  幅频特性

Aiming at the problem of nonlinear vertical vibration control during the dynamic rolling of strip mills, a nonlinear vibration absorber with the disc spring was designed. Firstly, considering the constraints of dynamic rolling force of the rolling mill in the vertical direction, the mathematical model of the rolling mill under the control of the nonlinear vibration absorber was established, the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve equation of the system was solved by the multi-scale method, and the influence of damping, excitation amplitude and nonlinear stiffness on the vibration suppression effect of nonlinear dynamic vibration absorber was discussed. Secondly, by analyzing the spectrum curve and time domain curve, the vibration absorber device could increase the distance between the resonance frequency and the main resonance frequency, and shorten the time of the rolling mill system from the unstable state to the stable cycle was concluded. The results show that the addition of nonlinear vibration absorber can effectively increase the anti-vibration ability of the system and suppress the vertical vibration of the system.

Rolling mill  /  Vertical vibration  /  Nonlinear vibration absorber  /  Multi-scale method  /  Amplitude-frequency characteristic
刘飞, 冯梦雨, 马超, 罗瑞雪. 含非线性吸振器的轧机振动系统动力学分析与控制. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (5) : 12 -18 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.002
Fei LIU, Mengyu FENG, Chao MA, Ruixue LUO. Dynamics analysis and control of rolling mill vibration system with nonlinear vibration absorber[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (5) : 12 -18 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.002
在板带轧机的生产过程中,轧机辊系的非线性振动对系统的稳定性和安全性都造成了极大的威胁,不仅影响产品质量、降低产品精度、限制轧制速度的提高,而且严重时甚至会造成轧机设备的损坏[1]。轧机辊系轧制过程中含有多种非线性因素,给工作中的轧机辊系带来各种未知的、突发的动态状况,从而无法保障轧机辊系轧制生产中的平稳性。因此,一些专家学者[2-3][4]966-970针对轧机轧制过程中非线性的扰动、多耦合的结构、动态变化的参数对整个系统的影响规律进行研究,为轧机振动的抑制指引方向。
近年来,国内外的科研人员针对轧机非线性动力行为的抑制取得了一定的成果。一是通过改善结构和工艺参数来抑振:如张柳柳等[5]2569-2581提出了一种基于耦合反步法的轧机垂扭耦合振动抑制控制策略;孙杰等[6]开发了融合数据与机制的轧机振动特性分析及振动抑制控制策略。二是通过对振动现象进行预测来抑振:如LU等[7]建立了基于神经网络和XGBoost的振动预测模型,以满足现场轧制过程的监测和快速诊断需求。三是通过附加控制器和抑振装置进行控制:如和东平等[8]设计了线性和非线性复合作用的时滞反馈控制器,对波纹辊轧机振动系统的主共振和次共振现象进行控制;QIAN等[9]提出了自适应模糊主动控制策略来抑制轧机在输入盲区和输出约束下的振颤。
非线性减振技术在机械、航空航天、房屋桥梁抗震、能量采集以及结构声学控制等领域得到了广泛应用[10]。在轧机非线性振动控制领域,和东平等[11]设计了变质量调谐颗粒吸收器,用于波纹轧机的非线性垂直振动控制。刘彬等[12]引入吸振器控制,建立带减振器的轧机辊系模型,增大吸振器的刚度系数能有效避免Hopf分岔和混沌动力学行为的产生。目前,非线性减振技术在轧机垂直振动减振降噪领域的应用还尚未有较为深入的研究。
针对上述情况,选取含非线性吸振器的轧机辊系为研究对象,建立非线性动态轧制力约束下的两自由度轧机辊系振动模型,分析非线性吸振器控制轧机振动的有效性,同时得出非线性吸振器的控制效果与外激励幅值、阻尼和刚度的关系。
考虑轧机结构沿着轧制线上下对称[5]2569-2581,因此取四辊轧机的上半部分进行研究;非线性吸振器连接到轧机支架上,与轧机上辊系构成了一个两自由度振动系统,轧机吸振器的安装情况如图1所示。
只考虑轧机辊系和吸振器在垂直方向上的直线运动,轧机辊系和轧机吸振器振动位移的大小表示系统振动的强烈程度。为了有效抑制轧机辊系的振动,需要减小轧机辊系和轧机吸振器的振动位移。
碟形弹簧[13]具有变刚度特性,改变碟片内截锥高度与碟片厚度的比值、不同厚度碟片组合可以得到不同的弹簧特性曲线。碟形弹簧单位体积的变形能较大,能够在较小的空间内承受极大的载荷;并且其具有良好的缓冲吸振能力,特别是采用叠合组合时,吸收冲击和消散能量的作用更明显。碟形弹簧的结构图如图2所示,输出力如式(1)所示[14]
式中,Eν分别为碟形弹簧材料的弹性模量和泊松比;r1r2分别为碟形弹簧的内、外半径;d1d2分别为中轴线与上、下加载位置的距离;t0为碟形弹簧的厚度;h为内锥高度;u为由原始状态计算的变形量。
为了充分利用碟形弹簧的承载能力,考虑到弹簧在有附加质量的平面位置发生变形。没有质量权重的原始坐标用转换为重力平衡坐标。考虑到坐标变换,式(1)可简化为
式中,m1为蝶形弹簧的质量;g为重力加速度;k1为线性刚度系数;k2为三次非线性刚度系数。碟形弹簧输出力-位移曲线如图3所示。
考虑轧辊与轧件之间的非线性轧制力,在忽略润滑因素的影响下,依照轧制生产中带材的受力情况,将轧制变形过程简化为图4所示模型。
本文采用Bland-Ford-Hill轧制力公式[4]966-970来进行计算,为
式中,为材料平均变抗力;B为板带宽度;lc为变形区轧辊接触弧长;Qp为应力状态影响系数;KT为张力影响系数。
通过计算可以得到,动态轧制力为
式中,P(0,0)为稳态轧制力;ΔP为轧制力动态变化量;b1b2b3为阶乘计算进行泰勒展开之后的系数。
通过集中质量法,由板带轧机机座系统构成图5所示模型。其中,非线性恢复力等于碟形弹簧的输出力减去附加质量对应的重力,其余项为线性项和三次函数:
式中,x为两个质量块的相对位移。假设轧机辊系受到的周期外部激励为F cosωt,则系统的运动方程为
式中,m为轧机上辊系等效质量;x1为轧机上辊系等效位移;x2为非线性吸振器的绝对位移;kc分别为轧机上辊系和轧件之间的等效刚度和等效阻尼;c1为吸振器和轧机上辊系之间的等效阻尼;F cosωt为等效负载力,其中F为外激励幅值,ω为外激励的角频率;t为时间。
采用多尺度法对轧机振动系统的主共振特性进行分析。
,对方程进行简化,可以得到系统的量纲一方程。假设轧机受到周期性的外扰力,对等式两边各项冠以小参数ε,可得
引入不同的时间尺度T0=tT1=εt,设系统近似解形式为
将近似解代入到式(8)并展开,使方程两端的系数相等,整理可得
设方程的解为
将方程的解代入到式(10)中,考虑到主共振情况,设ω=ω10+εσσ为频率调制函数,此时ω20远离ω10ωω10的差别为ε的同阶小量,代入式(11),并消除久期项可以得到:
引入极坐标形式,代入式(12)并分离出实部和虚部,消去φ1φ2,并令θ=σT1-φ1,可得
则系统一次近似解为
消去方程中的θ即可得到系统的主共振幅频方程:
以某厂1780型轧机实际结构和工艺参数为例,进行仿真研究,具体参数如表1所示。
对非线性吸振器参数变化下的轧机辊系幅频特性响应曲线进行分析。
图6可以看出,外激励幅值跟系统稳态响应的幅值成正相关的关系,与系统的稳定性变化相反。如果外激励幅值过大,会导致更大的力传递到系统的质量上,从而增加系统的位移响应。
图7分析可以得到,非线性吸振器的非线性刚度对振动幅值的影响不大。随着非线性刚度的增加,幅频特性曲线的弯曲度变大,跳跃现象更明显;同时随着刚度的增大,共振峰值向右偏移,远离系统的共振频率。
通过分析图8可知,非线性吸振器的线性阻尼主要影响主共振的激烈程度。非线性吸振器的阻尼系数增大,系统的主共振幅值减小,达到主共振峰值对应的扰动频率减小。
为了研究轧机辊系在平衡点附近的工作状态,根据奇异性理论[15],令z=a2,将系统的主共振幅频特性曲线方程化为式(16),其形式为GS范式εx3+δλx的普适开折。
式中,μ为分岔参数;pq为开折参数。由式(16)可以得到:
1)分岔点集:B'={q=0}。
2)滞后点集:
3)双极限点集:D=∅。
4)转迁集:∑=B'H'D
系统的转迁集将整个开折平面分成了4个区域,如图9所示。
转迁集中各个临界点和区域的分岔曲线拓扑结构如图10所示。
随着分岔参数μ的变化,系统的振动幅值出现多值或者跳跃等不稳定现象。在设计改造过程中,可以控制开折参数使得轧机辊系在稳定区域工作。通过对比可以发现,当开折参数处于区域Ⅰ和区域Ⅱ时,不稳定区域最少,在设计参数时应使其满足:
为了模拟轧辊真实轧制时受到的外扰力,给上辊系施加频率为100 Hz的余弦周期外扰力。对含有非线性吸振器的时域特性曲线、频谱特性曲线、相图和庞加莱截面等进行仿真,分析其对轧机系统的控制特性。
图11所示为振动系统的时域曲线。与未含吸振器、含线性吸振器相比,含非线性吸振器的轧机辊系振动位移的稳定幅值越来越小,收敛时间越来越短,对比结果如表2所示。
图12所示的系统频谱响应曲线结果进行对比。线性吸振器可降低振动频率,但是共振现象加剧;非线性吸振器不仅增大谐振频率与主频率之间的距离,还降低谐振频率和主共振频率的振动幅度。
图13图14可知,未含非线性吸振器的系统相轨迹杂乱,庞加莱映射呈现为多个点,系统处于混沌运动状态,具有无序性且对参数高度敏感;含非线性吸振器的系统相轨迹汇聚成一个封闭曲线,庞加莱映射呈现为两个孤立的点,系统处于倍周期运动状态,此时系统表现出有序性和可预测性。
建立一种考虑轧制力动态波动且含非线性吸振器的两自由度轧机辊系振动模型,从数值和解析两方面分析非线性吸振器对轧机辊系动力学响应的影响规律,主要结论如下:
1)外激励幅值与系统稳态响应的幅值成正比,与系统的稳定性变化相反。在一定范围内增大吸振器非线性弹簧力可以缩小系统不稳定区域;增大吸振器摩擦力可以降低系统的振动幅值。
2)当开折参数落入稳定区间时,可避免系统出现失稳,以此得出吸振器设计参数范围。
3)非线性吸振器不仅缩短轧机系统的动态过程调节时间、减少振幅幅值,而且增大了谐振频率与主频率之间的距离,验证了该控制器设计的准确性。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51905416)
  • 陕西省教育厅科学研究计划项目(20JK0758)
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2025年第47卷第5期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.002
  • 接收时间:2023-10-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-19
  • 修回日期:2023-11-16
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51905416)
国家自然科学基金项目(51905416)
Scientific Research Program of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(20JK0758)
陕西省教育厅科学研究计划项目(20JK0758)
作者信息
    1.西安科技大学 电气与控制工程学院,西安 710054
    2.陕西省矿山机电装备智能监测重点实验室,西安 710054
    3.西安市电气设备状态监测与供电安全重点实验室,西安 710054

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冯梦雨,女,1999年生,河南周口人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为非线性动力学;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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