Article(id=1241394836859842830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241394830056681606, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1697558400000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-18, revisedDate=1699977600000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773901193107, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1747238400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773901193107, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773901193107, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773901193107, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241394830056681606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773901191486, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773901239759, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241395032599613636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241394830056681606, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241395032599613637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241394830056681606, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=102, endPage=109, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241394838113939766, articleId=1241394836859842830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Bolt loosening angle detection method based on color segmentation, columnId=1228282192162390694, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=Experimental Research·Testing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To achieve quantitative detection of bolt loosening angles through single frame images, a method based on color segmentation and connected domain feature processing was designed. Firstly, a method for performing nonlinear stretching, normalization and optimal threshold segmentation on a component successively in the Lab color space was designed to segment and represent the red anti-loosening line image of the bolt loosening angle. Secondly, the morphological operations were performed on the image by using the open operation. Then, the orientation vector of the connected domain in the anti-loose line image was determined by computing the geometric moments. Finally, the bolt loosening angle was determined through the four-quadrant arctangent function. The results demonstrate that the precise measurement of the bolt loosening angle through a single frame image can be achieved by this detection algorithm, with a maximal relative error of 1.80%, its accuracy meets the needs of engineering practice and has strong engineering application value.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
KANG Jingjie, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jingjie KANG, Lijun ZHANG, Yuandong SUN, Xiaoyu YANG, Ruolan WANG, Tianhao ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241394844292149830, articleId=1241394836859842830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=CN, title=基于颜色分割的螺栓松动角度检测方法, columnId=1228282192288219817, journalTitle=机械强度, columnName=实验研究·测试技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为实现通过单帧图像对螺栓松动角度进行定量检测,设计了一种基于颜色分割和连通域特征处理的方法。首先,设计一种在Lab颜色空间下,对a分量先后进行非线性拉伸、归一化及最优阈值分割的方法来分割表征螺栓松动角度的红色防松线图像;其次,利用开运算对图像进行形态学操作;然后,通过计算防松线图像中连通域的几何矩确定其方向矢量;最后,通过四象限反正切函数确定螺栓松动角度。结果表明,检测算法能够实现通过单帧图像对螺栓松动角度进行精确测量,最大相对误差为1.80%,其精度满足工程实践需要,具有较强的工程应用价值。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=BsPFAxZRtOGbJB0oV+nBhA==, magXml=LLF0jj7ozOMr5bmgyLhS0g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=rIv6vO4kKYSVPsVnHsQTxQ==, pdfFileSize=10472904, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=/qKLrJkdzRcLgBcNyXICeg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=tgYoMxqU3y5mPRIqsIpzXA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

康晶杰,男,1993年生,浙江宁波人,硕士,助理研究员;主要研究方向为结构安全智能监测;E-mail:

, authorsList=康晶杰, 张立君, 孙远东, 杨晓禹, 王若兰, 赵天豪)}, authors=[Author(id=1241400383763968731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=kangjingjie23@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241400383860437728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, authorId=1241400383763968731, language=EN, stringName=Jingjie KANG, firstName=Jingjie, middleName=null, lastName=KANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo 315103, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241400383961101030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, authorId=1241400383763968731, language=CN, stringName=康晶杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,宁波 315103, bio={"content":"

康晶杰,男,1993年生,浙江宁波人,硕士,助理研究员;主要研究方向为结构安全智能监测;E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

康晶杰,男,1993年生,浙江宁波人,硕士,助理研究员;主要研究方向为结构安全智能监测;E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241400383654916816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241400383663305426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, companyId=1241400383654916816, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo 315103, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241400383671694036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, companyId=1241400383654916816, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,宁波 315103)])]), Author(id=1241400384065958639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241400384200176374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, authorId=1241400384065958639, language=EN, stringName=Lijun ZHANG, firstName=Lijun, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo 315103, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241400384296645371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, authorId=1241400384065958639, language=CN, stringName=张立君, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,宁波 315103, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241400383654916816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241400383663305426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, companyId=1241400383654916816, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo 315103, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241400383671694036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, companyId=1241400383654916816, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,宁波 315103)])]), Author(id=1241400384401502977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241400384518943497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, authorId=1241400384401502977, language=EN, stringName=Yuandong SUN, firstName=Yuandong, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo 315103, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241400384615412497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, authorId=1241400384401502977, language=CN, stringName=孙远东, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,宁波 315103, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241400383654916816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241400383663305426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, companyId=1241400383654916816, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo 315103, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241400383671694036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, companyId=1241400383654916816, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,宁波 315103)])]), Author(id=1241400386121167636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241400386251191068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, authorId=1241400386121167636, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoyu YANG, firstName=Xiaoyu, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo 315103, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241400386326688546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, authorId=1241400386121167636, language=CN, stringName=杨晓禹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,宁波 315103, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241400383654916816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241400383663305426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, companyId=1241400383654916816, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo 315103, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241400383671694036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, companyId=1241400383654916816, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,宁波 315103)])]), Author(id=1241400386418963239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241400386569958191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, authorId=1241400386418963239, language=EN, stringName=Ruolan WANG, firstName=Ruolan, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo 315103, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241400386666427191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, authorId=1241400386418963239, language=CN, stringName=王若兰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,宁波 315103, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241400383654916816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241400383663305426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, companyId=1241400383654916816, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo 315103, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241400383671694036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, companyId=1241400383654916816, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,宁波 315103)])]), Author(id=1241400386737730365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241400386863559496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, authorId=1241400386737730365, language=EN, stringName=Tianhao ZHAO, firstName=Tianhao, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo 315103, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241400386951639890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, authorId=1241400386737730365, language=CN, stringName=赵天豪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,宁波 315103, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241400383654916816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241400383663305426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, companyId=1241400383654916816, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo 315103, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241400383671694036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, companyId=1241400383654916816, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,宁波 315103)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241400387127800666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Bolt loosening), Keyword(id=1241400387232658273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Angle detection), Keyword(id=1241400387345904487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Color segmentation), Keyword(id=1241400387446567792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Connected domain feature), Keyword(id=1241400387543036786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=Geometric moment), Keyword(id=1241400387656283005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=Vector calculation), Keyword(id=1241400387752752002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=螺栓松动), Keyword(id=1241400387878581127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=角度检测), Keyword(id=1241400388025381777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=颜色分割), Keyword(id=1241400388176376727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=连通域特征), Keyword(id=1241400388272845723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=几何矩), Keyword(id=1241400388440617890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=矢量运算)], refs=[Reference(id=1241400393012408370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=12, pageStart=311, pageEnd=317, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=杨洋, 刘文光, 王晓婷, journalName=推进技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨洋,刘文光,王晓婷,等. 静/动加载下单搭螺栓连接复合材料板的刚度变化规律[J].推进技术202243(12):311-317., articleTitle=静/动加载下单搭螺栓连接复合材料板的刚度变化规律, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400393125654584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=12, pageStart=311, pageEnd=317, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=YANG Yang, LIU Wenguang, WANG Xiaoting, journalName=Journal of Propulsion Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG YangLIU WenguangWANG Xiaoting,et al. Stiffness change law of single-lap bolted joint composite plates under static/dynamic loading[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology202243(12):311-317.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Stiffness change law of single-lap bolted joint composite plates under static/dynamic loading, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400393230512186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=6, issue=5, pageStart=40, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=叶耀坤, 丁锋, 李晓刚, journalName=宇航总体技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶耀坤,丁锋,李晓刚,等. 某航天器火工装置作动后壳体滞后裂纹机理研究[J]. 宇航总体技术20226(5):40-48., articleTitle=某航天器火工装置作动后壳体滞后裂纹机理研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400393347952704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=6, issue=5, pageStart=40, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=YE Yaokun, DING Feng, LI Xiaogang, journalName=Astronautical Systems Engineering Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YE YaokunDING FengLI Xiaogang,et al. Research on shell hysteresis crack of a pyrotechnics used on spacecraft[J]. Astronautical Systems Engineering Technology20226(5):40-48.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Research on shell hysteresis crack of a pyrotechnics used on spacecraft, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400393473781826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=12, pageStart=110, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=王国亮, 易小冬, 谢清程, journalName=船舶工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王国亮,易小冬,谢清程,等. 调距桨叶根螺栓空泡损伤研究[J].船舶工程202143(12):110-114., articleTitle=调距桨叶根螺栓空泡损伤研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400393566056516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=12, pageStart=110, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=WANG Guoliang, YI Xiaodong, XIE Qingcheng, journalName=Ship Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG GuoliangYI XiaodongXIE Qingcheng,et al. Research about cavitation damage of CPP blade bolt[J]. Ship Engineering202143(12):110-114.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Research about cavitation damage of CPP blade bolt, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400393662525515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=58, pageEnd=67, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=唐云岗, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐云岗. 可分离铰接式坦克越壕性能仿真研究[D]. 长沙:中南大学,2009:58-67., articleTitle=可分离铰接式坦克越壕性能仿真研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400395143114827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=58, pageEnd=67, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=TANG Yungang, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG Yungang. Simulation study on trench crossing performance of separable articulated tank[D]. Changsha:Central South University,2009:58-67.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Simulation study on trench crossing performance of separable articulated tank, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400395239583822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=67, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=罗敏, journalName=特种设备安全技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=罗敏.一起桥梁检测车事故原因分析[J]. 特种设备安全技术2022(5):67-68., articleTitle=一起桥梁检测车事故原因分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400395348635733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=67, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=LUO Min, journalName=Safety Technology of Special Equipment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUO Min.Cause analysis of an accident of bridge inspection vehicle[J]. Safety Technology of Special Equipment2022(5):67-68.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Cause analysis of an accident of bridge inspection vehicle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400395449299031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=5, issue=4, pageStart=63, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=田静, 崔萍, 张远琴, journalName=西部特种设备, refType=null, unstructuredReference=田静,崔萍,张远琴,等.一起电动单梁起重机部件坠落伤人事故分析[J]. 西部特种设备20225(4):63-66., articleTitle=一起电动单梁起重机部件坠落伤人事故分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400395558350939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=5, issue=4, pageStart=63, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=11, authorNames=TIAN Jing, CUI Ping, ZHANG Yuanqin, journalName=Western Special Equipment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TIAN JingCUI PingZHANG Yuanqin,et al. Analysis of an electric single beam crane component falling injury accident[J]. Western Special Equipment20225(4):63-66.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of an electric single beam crane component falling injury accident, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400395638042719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=35, issue=6, pageStart=173, pageEnd=176, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=彭凌云, 韩虎, journalName=机电产品开发与创新, refType=null, unstructuredReference=彭凌云,韩虎.关于风电机组检修维护的要点讨论[J]. 机电产品开发与创新202235(6):173-176., articleTitle=关于风电机组检修维护的要点讨论, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400395747094625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=35, issue=6, pageStart=173, pageEnd=176, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=13, authorNames=PENG Lingyun, HAN Hu, journalName=Development & Innovation of Machinery & Electrical Products, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PENG LingyunHAN Hu. Discourse upon the key points of overhaul and maintenance of wind turbine[J]. Development & Innovation of Machinery & Electrical Products202235(6):173-176.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Discourse upon the key points of overhaul and maintenance of wind turbine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400395843563619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=18, pageStart=81, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=管春玲, 周金龙, 卢俊业, journalName=电子技术与软件工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=管春玲,周金龙,卢俊业,等. 列车检修停靠状态下底板螺栓缺陷自动检测研究[J]. 电子技术与软件工程2021(18):81-82., articleTitle=列车检修停靠状态下底板螺栓缺陷自动检测研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400395935838311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=18, pageStart=81, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=15, authorNames=GUAN Chunling, ZHOU Jinlong, LU Junye, journalName=Electronic Technology & Software Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUAN ChunlingZHOU JinlongLU Junye,et al. Research on automatic detection of bottom plate bolt defects under the condition of train maintenance and parking[J]. Electronic Technology & Software Engineering2021(18):81-82.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Research on automatic detection of bottom plate bolt defects under the condition of train maintenance and parking, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400396028112999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=PARK J H, KIM T H, LEE K S, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PARK J HKIM T HLEE K S,et al. Novel bolt-loosening detection technique using image processing for bolt joints in steel bridges[C]//Proceedings of the 2015 World Congress on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics(ASEM15),August 25-29,2015,Incheon,Korea.[S.l.]:International Association of Structural Engineering & Mechanics, 2015:1-19., articleTitle=Novel bolt-loosening detection technique using image processing for bolt joints in steel bridges, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400396111999082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=21, issue=6, pageStart=709, pageEnd=726, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=17, authorNames=PARK J H, HUYNH T C, CHOI S H, journalName=Wind and Structures, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PARK J HHUYNH T CCHOI S H,et al. Vision-based technique for bolt-loosening detection in wind turbine tower[J]. Wind and Structures201521(6):709-726., articleTitle=Vision-based technique for bolt-loosening detection in wind turbine tower, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400396195885166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=71, issue=null, pageStart=181, pageEnd=188, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=18, authorNames=CHA Y J, YOU K, CHOI W, journalName=Automation in Construction, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHA Y JYOU KCHOI W. Vision-based detection of loosened bolts using the Hough transform and support vector machines[J]. Automation in Construction201671:181-188., articleTitle=Vision-based detection of loosened bolts using the Hough transform and support vector machines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400396292354163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=9804, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=19, authorNames=NGUYEN T C, HUYNH T C, RYU J Y, journalName=Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NGUYEN T CHUYNH T CRYU J Y,et al. Bolt-loosening identification of bolt connections by vision image-based technique[J]. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering20169804:980413., articleTitle=Bolt-loosening identification of bolt connections by vision image-based technique, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400396401406068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=LIU Y, HUO L S, SONG G B, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU YHUO L SSONG G B. Automatic detection on the bolt loose based on digital image processing[C]//Proceedings of the 2018 World Congress on Advances in Civil, Environmental & Materials Research(Structures18),August 27-31,2018, Songdo Convensia,Incheon, South Korea,2018:1-22., articleTitle=Automatic detection on the bolt loose based on digital image processing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400396493680759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=159, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=21, authorNames=周靖, 刘煜, 霍林生, journalName=机械设计与研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周靖,刘煜,霍林生.基于机器视觉的螺栓松动旋转角度测量[J]. 机械设计与研究202137(4):159-162., articleTitle=基于机器视觉的螺栓松动旋转角度测量, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400396594344057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=159, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=ZHOU Jing, LIU Yu, HUO Linsheng, journalName=Machine Design and Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU JingLIU YuHUO Linsheng. Machine vision-based rotation angle measurement of bolt looseness[J]. Machine Design and Research202137(4):159-162.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Machine vision-based rotation angle measurement of bolt looseness, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400396690813055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=XIE Y X, SUN J H, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Y XSUN J H. On-line bolt-loosening detection method of key components of running trains using binocular vision[C]//LIDAR Imaging Detection and Target Recognition 2017. SPIE,2017:1060513., articleTitle=On-line bolt-loosening detection method of key components of running trains using binocular vision, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400396774699135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=2292, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=24, authorNames=ZHAO X F, ZHANG Y, WANG N N, journalName=Structural Control and Health Monitoring, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO X FZHANG YWANG N N. Bolt loosening angle detection technology using deep learning[J]. Structural Control and Health Monitoring201926(1):2292., articleTitle=Bolt loosening angle detection technology using deep learning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400396866973826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=18, issue=2, pageStart=422, pageEnd=434, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=25, authorNames=RAMANA L, CHOI W, CHA Y J, journalName=Structural Health Monitoring, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RAMANA LCHOI WCHA Y J. Fully automated vision-based loosened bolt detection using the Viola-Jones algorithm[J]. Structural Health Monitoring201918(2):422-434., articleTitle=Fully automated vision-based loosened bolt detection using the Viola-Jones algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400396963442822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=118, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=26, authorNames=陈健雄, 宁航, journalName=计算机与现代化, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈健雄,宁航. 基于YOLO v2与OTSU的中低速磁浮接触轨连接板螺钉松动识别[J]. 计算机与现代化2019(9):118-121., articleTitle=基于YOLO v2与OTSU的中低速磁浮接触轨连接板螺钉松动识别, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400397055717514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=118, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=27, authorNames=CHEN Jianxiong, NING Hang, journalName=Computer and Modernization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN JianxiongNING Hang. Connecting plate screw loosening recognition of medium and low speed maglev contact rail based on YOLO v2 and OTSU[J].Computer and Modernization2019(9):118-121.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Connecting plate screw loosening recognition of medium and low speed maglev contact rail based on YOLO v2 and OTSU, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400397177352330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=37, issue=10, pageStart=1207, pageEnd=1222, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=28, authorNames=PAN X, YANG T Y, journalName=ComputerAided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PAN XYANG T Y. Imagebased monitoring of bolt loosening through deeplearningbased integrated detection and tracking[J].ComputerAided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering202237(10):1207-1222., articleTitle=Imagebased monitoring of bolt loosening through deeplearningbased integrated detection and tracking, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400397282209935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=14, pageStart=5184, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=29, authorNames=SUN Y, LI M, DONG R, journalName=Sensors, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN YLI MDONG R,et al. Vision-based detection of bolt loosening using YOLOv5[J]. Sensors202222(14):5184., articleTitle=Vision-based detection of bolt loosening using YOLOv5, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400397382873233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=9, pageStart=3106, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=30, authorNames=YU Y, LIU Y, CHEN J, journalName=Sensors, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU YLIU YCHEN J,et al. Detection method for bolted connection looseness at small angles of timber structures based on deep learning[J]. Sensors202121(9):3106., articleTitle=Detection method for bolted connection looseness at small angles of timber structures based on deep learning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400397487730833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=133, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=31, authorNames=GONG H, DENG X J, LIU J H, journalName=Automation in Construction, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GONG HDENG X JLIU J H,et al. Quantitative loosening detection of threaded fasteners using vision-based deep learning and geometric imaging theory[J]. Automation in Construction2022133:104009., articleTitle=Quantitative loosening detection of threaded fasteners using vision-based deep learning and geometric imaging theory, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400397554839700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=32, authorNames=黄德青, 倪思杰, 秦娜, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄德青,倪思杰,秦娜. 一种基于防松线识别的列车螺栓松动检测方法:CN113469966A[P]. 2021-10-01., articleTitle=一种基于防松线识别的列车螺栓松动检测方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400397630337175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=33, authorNames=HUANG Deqing, NI Sijie, QIN Na, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG DeqingNI SijieQIN Na. A method of loosening a trains based on anti-pine recognition:CN113469966A[P]. 2021-10-01.(In Chinese), articleTitle=A method of loosening a trains based on anti-pine recognition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400397714223259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=1486, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=34, authorNames=YANG M L, LUO L Z, TAO M L, journalName=Journal of Physics:Conference Series, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG M LLUO L ZTAO M L.Efficient rail repair machine based on image recognition technology[J]. Journal of Physics:Conference Series20201486(4):042023., articleTitle=Efficient rail repair machine based on image recognition technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400397777137821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=7713, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=35, authorNames=SONG D Y, XU X, CUI X P, journalName=Concurrency and Computation:Practice and Experience, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SONG D YXU XCUI X P,et al. Bolt looseness detection based on Canny edge detection algorithm[J]. Concurrency and Computation:Practice and Experience2023:7713., articleTitle=Bolt looseness detection based on Canny edge detection algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400397861023903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=491, pageEnd=497, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=36, authorNames=YANG R, GUAN Z L, LU J, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG RGUAN Z LLU J,et al. Bolt looseness detection algorithm based on 2D color space extraction and 3D depth measurement[C]//2022 IEEE 17th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications(ICIEA). New York:IEEE,2022:491-497., articleTitle=Bolt looseness detection algorithm based on 2D color space extraction and 3D depth measurement, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400397965881506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=142, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=37, authorNames=DENG X J, LIU J H, GONG H, journalName=Automation in Construction, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DENG X JLIU J HGONG H,et al. Detection of loosening angle for mark bolted joints with computer vision and geometric imaging[J]. Automation in Construction2022142:104517., articleTitle=Detection of loosening angle for mark bolted joints with computer vision and geometric imaging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400398053961892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=2018, issue=null, pageStart=68, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=38, authorNames=ZHENG X, LEI Q Y, YAO R, journalName=EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHENG XLEI Q YYAO R,et al. Image segmentation based on adaptive K-means algorithm[J]. EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing20182018:68., articleTitle=Image segmentation based on adaptive K-means algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400398116876455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=9, pageEnd=10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=39, authorNames=International Electrotechnical Commission, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=International Electrotechnical Commission.Multimedia systems and equipment-colour measurement and management-part 2-1:colour management-Default RGB colour space-sRGB:IEC 61966-2-1:1999/AMD1:2003 CSV[S]. Geneva:International Electrotechnical Commission,2003:9-10., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400399626825899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1979, volume=9, issue=1, pageStart=62, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=40, authorNames=OTSU N, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Systems ‘Man’ and Cybernetics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OTSU N. A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems ‘Man’ and Cybernetics19799(1):62-66., articleTitle=A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400399719100591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=487, pageEnd=488, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=41, authorNames=GONZALEZ R C, WOODS R E, journalName=Digital image processing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GONZALEZ R C WOODS R E. Digital image processing[M].4th ed. London:Pearson Group,2018:487-488., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400399777820851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1962, volume=8, issue=2, pageStart=179, pageEnd=187, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=42, authorNames=HU M K, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU M K. Visual pattern recognition by moment invariants[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory19628(2):179-187., articleTitle=Visual pattern recognition by moment invariants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400399886872758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=43, authorNames=MathWorks, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MathWorks. atan2-Four-quadrant inverse tangent [EB/OL]. https://ww2.mathworks.cn/help/matlab/ref/atan2.html?s_tid=srchtitle_atan2_1., articleTitle=atan2-Four-quadrant inverse tangent, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400399966564536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=20, issue=9, pageStart=3511, pageEnd=3524, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=44, authorNames=王前选, 王锐锋, 李虎, journalName=铁道科学与工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王前选,王锐锋,李虎,等. 轨道车辆螺栓松动量与预紧力视觉检测方法研究[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报202320(9):3511-3524., articleTitle=轨道车辆螺栓松动量与预紧力视觉检测方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400400071422138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=20, issue=9, pageStart=3511, pageEnd=3524, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=45, authorNames=WANG Qianxuan, WANG Ruifeng, LI Hu, journalName=Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG QianxuanWANG RuifengLI Hu,et al. Research on visual detection method of rail vehicle bolt looseness and pre-tightening force[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering202320(9):3511-3524.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Research on visual detection method of rail vehicle bolt looseness and pre-tightening force, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241400400176279741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=21, issue=5, pageStart=2048, pageEnd=2062, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=46, authorNames=QI Y Z, LI P Z, XIONG B, journalName=Structural Health Monitoring, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QI Y ZLI P ZXIONG B,et al. A two-step computer vision-based framework for bolt loosening detection and its implementation on a smartphone application[J]. Structural Health Monitoring202221(5):2048-2062., articleTitle=A two-step computer vision-based framework for bolt loosening detection and its implementation on a smartphone application, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241400392710418470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, awardId=202003N4342, language=EN, fundingSource=Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(202003N4342), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241400392811081771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, awardId=202003N4342, language=CN, fundingSource=宁波市自然科学基金项目(202003N4342), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241400383654916816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241400383663305426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, companyId=1241400383654916816, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo 315103, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241400383671694036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, companyId=1241400383654916816, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,宁波 315103)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241400388746802096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Research scenario, figureFileSmall=OqkC5sUnI9l/BlbNz9Gp9Q==, figureFileBig=f6xwyMACTJmzusStiWD4mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400388855854005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究场景, figureFileSmall=OqkC5sUnI9l/BlbNz9Gp9Q==, figureFileBig=f6xwyMACTJmzusStiWD4mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400388998460346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Method overview, figureFileSmall=CycZ7FVnrLcw7E7/nrUC1w==, figureFileBig=urUv463a0k43n1iczjBVsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400389090735037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, label=图2, caption=方法概述, figureFileSmall=CycZ7FVnrLcw7E7/nrUC1w==, figureFileBig=urUv463a0k43n1iczjBVsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400390617461699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Original image and the a component of the original image, figureFileSmall=E38pjCBDfMWC9g2wV9rIRw==, figureFileBig=zOMjFv29f85vacQPbLmlyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400390722319304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, label=图3, caption=原图及原图的a分量, figureFileSmall=E38pjCBDfMWC9g2wV9rIRw==, figureFileBig=zOMjFv29f85vacQPbLmlyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400390806205391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Segmentation result of the anti-loosening line image, figureFileSmall=RRwihsRNj71swD9v4LJCtw==, figureFileBig=a7JBoal58l8xljXzgSIXMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400390894285777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, label=图4, caption=防松线图像分割结果, figureFileSmall=RRwihsRNj71swD9v4LJCtw==, figureFileBig=a7JBoal58l8xljXzgSIXMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400390969783253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Identification results of two anti-loosening lines, figureFileSmall=TuP0AHiSEAZAzAD+15ZRnQ==, figureFileBig=Iy4j8HOa538n6nZNgbFNGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400391036892120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, label=图5, caption=两防松线识别结果, figureFileSmall=TuP0AHiSEAZAzAD+15ZRnQ==, figureFileBig=Iy4j8HOa538n6nZNgbFNGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400391095612382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Test platform, figureFileSmall=Nnmlj/DUgEni1UEgCbddaw==, figureFileBig=+VAchxBoulFyFzkQRIY0Gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400391196275682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, label=图6, caption=试验平台, figureFileSmall=Nnmlj/DUgEni1UEgCbddaw==, figureFileBig=+VAchxBoulFyFzkQRIY0Gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400391280161766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Absolute error of angle measurement results, figureFileSmall=o+i5Y4MeGFWu10qMHtjtDg==, figureFileBig=gKK1z31nw0Ei3IvAVPjEWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400391397602283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, label=图7, caption=角度测量结果绝对误差, figureFileSmall=o+i5Y4MeGFWu10qMHtjtDg==, figureFileBig=gKK1z31nw0Ei3IvAVPjEWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400391510848496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Adjusting shooting distance to obtain images at near,medium, and far distances, figureFileSmall=FwtNn3ttXR+bega3Ru/9iA==, figureFileBig=xciLEzA6gW2rp/X0ti34Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400391615706101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, label=图8, caption=调整拍摄距离获取距离为近、中和远的图像, figureFileSmall=FwtNn3ttXR+bega3Ru/9iA==, figureFileBig=xciLEzA6gW2rp/X0ti34Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400391712175096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Absolute error of angle measurement results at different shooting distances, figureFileSmall=QQGMCve1I6XIh10h2aMxqg==, figureFileBig=qGfxJkHnlCndxqr9RWgzOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400391796061180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同拍摄距离的角度测量结果绝对误差, figureFileSmall=QQGMCve1I6XIh10h2aMxqg==, figureFileBig=qGfxJkHnlCndxqr9RWgzOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400391888335872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Camera parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 Parameter值 Value
光圈 Aperturef/1.6
焦距 Focal length/mm53
图像分辨率 Image resolution/(Pixels×Pixels)3 024×3 024
), ArticleFig(id=1241400391976415236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

相机参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 Parameter值 Value
光圈 Aperturef/1.6
焦距 Focal length/mm53
图像分辨率 Image resolution/(Pixels×Pixels)3 024×3 024
), ArticleFig(id=1241400392047718406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Selected parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 Parameter值 Value
非线性拉伸参数k1
Nonlinear stretch parameter k1
3
结构元B大小
Size of structuring element B
3×3
), ArticleFig(id=1241400392144187404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

选取的参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 Parameter值 Value
非线性拉伸参数k1
Nonlinear stretch parameter k1
3
结构元B大小
Size of structuring element B
3×3
), ArticleFig(id=1241400392240656400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Measurement results of the full range of bolt loosening angles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实际角度
Actual angle/(°)
检测角度
Detection angle/(°)
绝对误差
Absolute error/(°)
相对误差
Relative error/%
55.020.020.40
1010.080.080.80
3030.300.301.00
6059.840.160.27
120120.150.150.13
150149.730.270.18
240240.100.100.04
300299.930.070.02
350350.380.380.11
360359.840.160.04
), ArticleFig(id=1241400392337125395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

螺栓松动全角度测量结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实际角度
Actual angle/(°)
检测角度
Detection angle/(°)
绝对误差
Absolute error/(°)
相对误差
Relative error/%
55.020.020.40
1010.080.080.80
3030.300.301.00
6059.840.160.27
120120.150.150.13
150149.730.270.18
240240.100.100.04
300299.930.070.02
350350.380.380.11
360359.840.160.04
), ArticleFig(id=1241400392454565912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Measurement results of bolt loosening angles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拍摄距离
Shooting distance/cm
实际角度
Actual angle/(°)
检测角度
Detection angle/(°)
相对误差
Relative error/%
2054.951.00
109.950.50
3030.100.33
3554.990.20
1010.090.90
3029.970.10
5055.091.80
109.930.70
3030.020.07
), ArticleFig(id=1241400392538451999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394836859842830, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

螺栓松动角度检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拍摄距离
Shooting distance/cm
实际角度
Actual angle/(°)
检测角度
Detection angle/(°)
相对误差
Relative error/%
2054.951.00
109.950.50
3030.100.33
3554.990.20
1010.090.90
3029.970.10
5055.091.80
109.930.70
3030.020.07
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1227999351742652416, delFlag=0, nameCn=机械强度, nameEn=Journal of Mechanical Strength, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1001-9669, eissn=null, cn=41-1134/TH, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=9ETNXOzwmuGm49pLRqXxWw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Mechanical Strength, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1770707460585, updatedTime=1770707700588, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=J, firstLetterEn=J, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=9ETNXOzwmuGm49pLRqXxWw==, picEn=sS2ogjwdwM8GMbFtuWTIkA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1228000358505578506, language=CN, name=机械强度, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770707700611, updatedTime=1770707700611, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-jxqd-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjxqd.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=aa1eff81-489d-4951, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=df5d5e38-1d45-4fcd-b, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-jxqd-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjxqd.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=49f73d27-439e-4d5b, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1228000358551715851, language=EN, name=Journal of Mechanical Strength, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770707700622, updatedTime=1770707700622, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-jxqd-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjxqd.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=aa1eff81-489d-4951, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=df5d5e38-1d45-4fcd-b, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-jxqd-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjxqd.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=49f73d27-439e-4d5b, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1227999626482147330, websiteList=[Website(id=1228000871984853626, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227999626482147330, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1770707823034, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770707851936, updateBy=18614031015, name=机械强度-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=机械强度, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1228001259580486284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770707915444, updateTime=1770707915444, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259555320457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770707915438, updateTime=1770707915438, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259605652111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707915450, updateTime=1770707915450, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259542737544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/CN/file/pic?fileId=wrginrTxTIens2Yn6gXaKA==, createTime=1770707915435, updateTime=1770707915435, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259622429329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707915454, updateTime=1770707915454, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259572097675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1770707915442, updateTime=1770707915442, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259614040720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707915452, updateTime=1770707915452, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259567903370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1770707915441, updateTime=1770707915441, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259588874893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770707915446, updateTime=1770707915446, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259597263502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770707915448, updateTime=1770707915448, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1228000872056156796, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227999626482147330, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1770707823051, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770707871019, updateBy=18614031015, name=机械强度-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Mechanical Strength, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1228001314525868694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770707928544, updateTime=1770707928544, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314504897171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770707928539, updateTime=1770707928539, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314542645913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707928548, updateTime=1770707928548, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314496508562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/EN/file/pic?fileId=wrginrTxTIens2Yn6gXaKA==, createTime=1770707928537, updateTime=1770707928537, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314555228827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707928551, updateTime=1770707928551, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314517480085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1770707928542, updateTime=1770707928542, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314551034522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707928550, updateTime=1770707928550, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314513285780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1770707928541, updateTime=1770707928541, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314530062999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770707928545, updateTime=1770707928545, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314538451608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770707928547, updateTime=1770707928547, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=机械强度, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.jxqd.net.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Mechanical Strength, journalPhotoCn=9ETNXOzwmuGm49pLRqXxWw==, journalPhotoEn=sS2ogjwdwM8GMbFtuWTIkA==, journalFirstLetter=J, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/CN/10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.012, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/EN/10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.012, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/CN/PDF/10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.012, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/EN/PDF/10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.012, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于颜色分割的螺栓松动角度检测方法
收藏切换
PDF下载
康晶杰 , 张立君 , 孙远东 , 杨晓禹 , 王若兰 , 赵天豪
机械强度 | 实验研究·测试技术 2025,47(5): 102-109
收起
收藏切换
机械强度 | 实验研究·测试技术 2025, 47(5): 102-109
基于颜色分割的螺栓松动角度检测方法
全屏
康晶杰 , 张立君, 孙远东, 杨晓禹, 王若兰, 赵天豪
作者信息
  • 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,宁波 315103
  • 康晶杰,男,1993年生,浙江宁波人,硕士,助理研究员;主要研究方向为结构安全智能监测;E-mail:

Bolt loosening angle detection method based on color segmentation
Jingjie KANG , Lijun ZHANG, Yuandong SUN, Xiaoyu YANG, Ruolan WANG, Tianhao ZHAO
Affiliations
  • Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo 315103, China
出版时间: 2025-05-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.012
文章导航
收藏切换

为实现通过单帧图像对螺栓松动角度进行定量检测,设计了一种基于颜色分割和连通域特征处理的方法。首先,设计一种在Lab颜色空间下,对a分量先后进行非线性拉伸、归一化及最优阈值分割的方法来分割表征螺栓松动角度的红色防松线图像;其次,利用开运算对图像进行形态学操作;然后,通过计算防松线图像中连通域的几何矩确定其方向矢量;最后,通过四象限反正切函数确定螺栓松动角度。结果表明,检测算法能够实现通过单帧图像对螺栓松动角度进行精确测量,最大相对误差为1.80%,其精度满足工程实践需要,具有较强的工程应用价值。

螺栓松动  /  角度检测  /  颜色分割  /  连通域特征  /  几何矩  /  矢量运算

To achieve quantitative detection of bolt loosening angles through single frame images, a method based on color segmentation and connected domain feature processing was designed. Firstly, a method for performing nonlinear stretching, normalization and optimal threshold segmentation on a component successively in the Lab color space was designed to segment and represent the red anti-loosening line image of the bolt loosening angle. Secondly, the morphological operations were performed on the image by using the open operation. Then, the orientation vector of the connected domain in the anti-loose line image was determined by computing the geometric moments. Finally, the bolt loosening angle was determined through the four-quadrant arctangent function. The results demonstrate that the precise measurement of the bolt loosening angle through a single frame image can be achieved by this detection algorithm, with a maximal relative error of 1.80%, its accuracy meets the needs of engineering practice and has strong engineering application value.

Bolt loosening  /  Angle detection  /  Color segmentation  /  Connected domain feature  /  Geometric moment  /  Vector calculation
康晶杰, 张立君, 孙远东, 杨晓禹, 王若兰, 赵天豪. 基于颜色分割的螺栓松动角度检测方法. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (5) : 102 -109 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.012
Jingjie KANG, Lijun ZHANG, Yuandong SUN, Xiaoyu YANG, Ruolan WANG, Tianhao ZHAO. Bolt loosening angle detection method based on color segmentation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (5) : 102 -109 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.012
作为典型的现代工业标准紧固件,螺栓在航空航天[1-2]、航海船舶[3]、陆战坦克[4]等多个领域起着至关重要的作用。但即使采用防松手段,大多数螺栓连接结构及服役中的机械振动或铸造材料的先天缺陷,仍会发生松动、疲劳断裂等失效情况,造成难以估量的损失[5-6]。为确保螺栓安全有效服役,定期检查和紧固工作尤为重要[7]。相较于传统的人工或接触式检查和修理方法,机器视觉的出现,为螺栓连接的可靠性自动检查提供了一种更先进和实用的解决方案。这种方法通过图像处理和分析来检查螺栓连接完整性的工作状态,具有非接触性、可追溯性,以及高度的智能化开发等优势[8]。目前,对于螺栓松动的视觉检测方法,主要包括传统的图像处理和深度学习两种方法。在传统图像处理领域,主流的方法是先利用霍夫圆检测[9-11]方法定位螺栓;然后,利用霍夫变换[12]算法检测螺栓松动前、后边缘直线的斜率变换,或结合Rammer算法[13-14]分割螺栓边缘轮廓,从而计算松动角度。在深度学习领域,主要方法是先利用一系列深度学习算法检测螺栓区域[15-18];然后,通过基于光流的目标检测方法[19]、靶标法[20-21]、特征匹配法[22]等方法,检测螺栓松动前、后的差异,从而量化松动角度。
螺栓在多种应用场景中起着至关重要的作用,这使得基于深度学习的方法往往难以通过单一的识别模型实现对所有应用场景的螺栓进行准确的定位;另外,基于传统图像处理的方法在处理复杂场景和不均匀光照的环境时,可能会产生误检,如常用的霍夫变换。区别于上述方法,有学者引入了一种基于颜色分割的方法,该方法受到人工目视检测螺栓的启发,通过在螺栓和基座上标记防松线,利用其相对于周围环境的颜色差异对其进行分割处理。此方法通过单帧图像获取螺栓服役时防松线位置信息,利用颜色空间中的防松线颜色特征,进行分割和后续处理,从而定性地判断螺栓的松动情况[23-27]。该方法的重要优势在于其主要依赖颜色特征和仅需处理防松线的特点,能够大幅降低处理全局图像边缘信息的螺栓整体形状特征识别时数据处理的复杂度。颜色特征的普遍性使该方法能适应不同场景和条件;同时,得益于防松线划线结构的特殊性,能通过单帧图像准确获取螺栓的松动角度,相较于需要比较螺栓松动前、后两帧图像的松动角度量化策略,显著降低了检测成本。因此,与前述的深度学习和传统图像处理方法相比,这种基于颜色特征的方法在计算成本和普适性上都具有显著优势。然而,尽管这种方法具有明显的优势,但在现有的研究中,学者们并未利用这种方法对螺栓松动角度进行定量研究。
针对上述问题,设计了一种基于防松线分割的螺栓松动角度检测方法。首先,采用一种基于Lab颜色空间的颜色分割技术,通过对a分量先后进行非线性拉伸、归一化和最优阈值分割,实现红色防松线区域的准确分割;其次,通过对防松线进行开运算来优化分割区域;然后,利用防松线连通域的几何矩及防松线的特性来确定防松线的方向矢量;继而,计算两条防松线方向矢量的方向夹角;最后,利用试验算法验证螺栓松动角度检测的有效性。试验结果表明,提出的方法能够实现基于颜色分割和连通域特征对螺栓松动角度进行检测,检测精度符合工程要求。该方法的结构简单、实施难度较低,因此适合在工程实践中广泛应用。
本文的研究场景如图1所示,在螺栓和基座上标画有红色防松标记线,通过螺栓上的转动防松线和基座上的固定防松线所呈现的角度来量化螺栓的松动角度。基于此研究场景,本文的方法概述如图2所示。图1研究场景中使用的螺栓为304不锈钢外六角螺栓,公称直径为20 mm,螺纹间距为2.5 mm,螺纹长度为100 mm,头部高度为12.33 mm,跨角宽度为29.83 mm。螺栓符合国际标准ISO 4017:2022中的等级B标准尺寸要求。所提方法和后文所用的连接基盘为160.15 mm×188.43 mm长方形钢板。
首先,考虑到红色防松线标记相对背景具有明显的颜色特征,因此利用一种基于Lab颜色空间的颜色分割技术,先后进行a分量非线性拉伸、归一化和最优阈值分割,以实现红色防松线区域的准确分割;其次,对分割得到的防松线图像进行开运算,在不改变防松线图像的前提下,去除无用连通域;然后,利用防松线连通域的几何矩和特性确定防松线的方向矢量;最后,利用四象限反正切函数和一个角度规则来计算两条防松线方向矢量在规定方向的方向夹角,从而测量螺栓在0°~180°和180°~360°范围内的松动角度。
该方法使用执行标准为QB/T 4860—2015的红色油漆笔,首先均匀连续地在已紧固的螺栓表面穿越其头部圆中心标画转动防松线,划线时注意应尽量平整,保证转动防松线连通域的几何矩计算精度;然后,在基座上,连续转动防松线方向标画固定防松线,划线时注意尽量平整且对齐转动防松线方向,保证固定防松线连通域的几何矩计算精度及减小原始误差。标画的线条粗细应保持整体均匀,保证防松线连通域的几何矩计算精度。线条色差保持大致相同,保证颜色分割算法的运算精度。
在图像处理中,图像通常采用RGB和Lab等颜色空间描述。其中以RGB颜色空间最为常用,RGB颜色空间将图像分为R(红色)、G(绿色)和B(蓝色)3个分量。3个分量分别取值后混合,即得到了现实世界中的大部分颜色,常见于显示器中的图像显示。然而,针对防松线分割这类红色标记分割问题,Lab颜色空间相对于RGB颜色空间具有更高的分量分离度和更好的抗光照干扰能力,更能符合人眼视觉感知,从而使得红色像素点的分割更为高效。Lab颜色空间由L(亮度)分量、ab两个颜色对立分量组成。由于Lab和RGB颜色空间无法直接转换,所以需要分两步,先将RGB颜色空间转换为XYZ过渡颜色空间,后转换为Lab空间模型[28]
将RGB颜色空间转换为XYZ过渡颜色空间,转换过程如式(1)所示。M的取值参照国际标准IEC 61966-2-1:2003[29]
然后,将XYZ过渡颜色空间转换为Lab颜色空间,转换过程为
式中,XnYnZn分别为三原色XYZ在白光条件下的刺激值,取值为
在后续的图像分割中为了消除光照的影响,可以利用Lab颜色空间的分量分离度高和a分量正轴代表像素点接近红色程度的特点,仅将a分量作为研究对象。原图及其a分量如图3所示。由图3可以看出,防松线区域相对非目标区域具有显著区别。
为了增强红色像素点,使得图像中的红色特征更容易被识别,考虑使用非线性函数对a分量进行拉伸。拉伸的目标为突出红色像素点,同时尽可能不影响其他像素点的颜色。拉伸后a分量为
式中,a(ij)为拉伸前图像中像素点(ij)的a分量值;anew(ij)为拉伸后图像中像素点(ij)的a分量值;k1为该非线性变换中的参数。
拉伸后的数据可能会有更大的变化范围,进而影响后续的阈值分割效果。考虑使用归一化操作对数据进行预处理,将数据转换到一个标准的尺度。归一化能减少由于非线性拉伸带来的异常值影响,并提高阈值分割的稳定性,降低阈值分割算法对图像的亮度或对比度的敏感度。归一化操作为
式中,anormalized(ij)为归一化后图像中像素点(ij)的a分量值;aminanew中的最小值;amaxanew中的最大值。
对归一化后的a分量进行最优阈值分割[30],得到后续螺栓松动角度检测所需的防松线图像。选择参数k1=3,分割效果如图4所示。
图像在基于颜色空间分割后,除目标防松线区域外,存在第2.1.2节中的非目标区域连通域,为使后续算法的顺利开展,需要形态学操作来对其进行消除。使用形态学操作中的开运算对图像进行处理,参考式(6),开运算使用结构元B对图像中的连通域集合A进行腐蚀,接着使用B对腐蚀结果进行膨胀操作[31]
式中,⊙为形态学处理中的腐蚀操作;⊕为形态学处理中的膨胀操作。
考虑到图4中连通域的形状特征,使用连通域的0阶与1阶原始矩计算连通域的质心(x′y′),计算式为
式中,mn分别为图像的行列数;I(ij)为图像在位置(ij)的值;M00为连通域的0阶原始矩;M10M01为连通域的1阶原始矩。
然后,使用连通域的2阶中心矩计算连通域相对图像中横轴的方向θ,计算式为
式中,μ00μ11分别为连通域的0阶和1阶中心距;μ20μ02为连通域的2阶中心矩;M02M20为连通域的2阶原始矩[32]M11为连通域的1阶原始矩。
鉴于螺栓松动方向的单一性,为了准确确定松动角度,必须正确区分图4中的两个连通域,明确它们分别代表转动防松线与固定防松线。在前面的步骤中,已经确定了各连通域的质心和方向,从而能够分别确定图中两个防松线所在的两条直线的方程以及它们的交点(x0y0)。观察图4可以发现,两直线的交点与转动防松线的质心的距离明显更短。因此,可以采用式(9)区分两个连通域。
式中,D(k)为第k条防松线连通域与交点(x0y0)的欧氏距离;(x1y1)、(x2y2)分别为第1条和第2条防松线连通域的质心在图像中的坐标位置;e1为转动防松线连通域单位化后的方向矢量;e2为固定防松线连通域单位化后的方向矢量;将识别得到的两个方向矢量画在图1上的示意图如图5所示。
图5中黄色箭头代表后续角度测量算法中的转动防松线及朝向,绿色箭头代表后续角度测量算法中的固定防松线及朝向。
在确定两条防松线的方向矢量后,计算两向量的点乘与叉乘,分别为
式中,α为向量e2e1的夹角。结合式(10),由式(11)可获得螺栓松动的全角度:
式中,arctan 2(四象限反正切)函数[33]可以返回2个数值的反正切,其值域为(-π,π]。若函数解得的角度为正,角度值就在(0,π]范围内,表示逆时针方向;若函数解得的角度为负,角度值就在(-π,0]范围内,表示顺时针方向。由于螺栓的松动方向为单方向,所以可设定逆时针为螺栓松动方向,若顺时针为松动方向,研究过程同理。由于逆时针螺栓松动的全角度为θ∈(0,2π],作如下调整:对式(11)所求的角度加上360°,并与360°进行取模操作,使得所有松动角度均符合检测要求,如式(12)所示:
需要注意的是,当螺栓松动角度为180°时,由于两条防松线所在的直线重合,则无法得到对应的松动角度。因此,本文中将考虑检测的螺栓松动角度范围定义为θ∈(0,π)∪(π,2π]。
在本节中,将验证所提方法检测螺栓松动角度的正确性和精度,搭建试验平台如图6所示。在试验装置中的钢板表面固定用于螺栓角度检测精度验证的圆形尺,并用M20螺栓贯穿,实际应用中可将圆形尺去除。在圆形尺上画有红色固定防松线,在螺栓表面画有红色转动防松线。图像采集由某智能手机的自带相机完成,相机主要参数如表1所示,距离试验装置25 cm;图像处理算法平台硬件环境为Intel i7,内存为32 GB,显卡为NVIDIA Quadro T1000;软件环境为Windows11,Matlab R2019a。算法中选取的参数如表2所示。
为了确认螺栓松动角度检测的准确性,对螺栓松动的全角度进行定量测量,验证能否实现0°~360°(除180°)的螺栓松动角度的度量。螺栓全角度松动的检测试验验证结果如表3所示,角度测量的绝对误差如图7所示。试验结果表明,本方法能够检测螺栓0°~360°(除180°)的松动角度,最大测量绝对误差为0.38°,最大相对误差为1.00%。对于任意角度的检测结果误差均相对稳定,且符合实际工程误差标准,还具备较高的测量精度。对0°~30°松动角度的识别,绝对误差不超过0.3°,相对误差不超过1.00%,对螺栓早期松弛阶段同样具备较好的检测效果。此外,试验的全角度检测、相对角度受限检测在建立螺栓松动角度和预紧力损失关系[34]、无人机等自动巡检设备检测或定量拧紧螺栓[35]等诸多研究中起着极为重要的完善作用。
由于相机与螺栓的距离在实际工程应用中可能会因环境和条件而变化,所以拍摄距离是一个不可忽略的因素。通过调整试验装置与相机距离,如图8所示,调整图8(a)中的拍摄距离,分别为近(20 cm)、中(35 cm)、远(50 cm),拍摄螺栓松动角度为5°、10°和30°的图像,如图8(b)~图8(d)所示。角度测量相应结果如表4所示,其中各组松动角度检测相对误差均相对稳定,最大相对误差为1.8%。不同拍摄距离角度测量的绝对误差如图9所示,其中最大角度测量绝对误差不超过0.1°。验证了算法对于不同距离检测螺栓松动角度的鲁棒性,可为自动巡检设备在不同距离精确检测螺栓松动角度奠定基础。
检测误差主要源于以下几点:一是防松线的标画准确性:本文的核心方法是基于防松线的夹角来计算螺栓的松动角度;因此,手工标画防松线的方向精度对式(11)的计算结果至关重要,并最终影响检测角度的准确性。二是颜色分割算法的效果:本文采用的是一种全局的颜色分割方法,其对于防松线边缘颜色的识别可能不够精确;这种不精确性会进一步影响后续算法中连通域几何矩的计算。三是圆形尺测量的误差:由于是通过圆形尺人工测量得到的螺栓实际松动角度作为检测结果的参照,这也可能带来一定的测量误差。
通过设计基于颜色分割和连通域特征处理的方法,借助智能手机上的相机,实现了通过单帧图像对螺栓松动角度的定量检测,得出主要结论如下:
1)当采用Lab颜色空间对a分量进行非线性拉伸和归一化处理后,可以有效地增强红色防松线的分割效果,实现精确分割。
2)通过形态学开运算和几何矩计算,能够准确确定防松线的方向矢量,从而为后续松动角度的计算提供可靠依据。
3)试验表明,该方法在不同拍摄距离下对螺栓松动角度的检测精度相对稳定,最大相对误差为1.80%,具有较高的工程应用价值,可应用于不同场景的螺栓松动检测。
  • 宁波市自然科学基金项目(202003N4342)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
杨洋,刘文光,王晓婷,等. 静/动加载下单搭螺栓连接复合材料板的刚度变化规律[J].推进技术202243(12):311-317.
YANG YangLIU WenguangWANG Xiaoting,et al. Stiffness change law of single-lap bolted joint composite plates under static/dynamic loading[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology202243(12):311-317.(In Chinese)
[2]
叶耀坤,丁锋,李晓刚,等. 某航天器火工装置作动后壳体滞后裂纹机理研究[J]. 宇航总体技术20226(5):40-48.
YE YaokunDING FengLI Xiaogang,et al. Research on shell hysteresis crack of a pyrotechnics used on spacecraft[J]. Astronautical Systems Engineering Technology20226(5):40-48.(In Chinese)
[3]
王国亮,易小冬,谢清程,等. 调距桨叶根螺栓空泡损伤研究[J].船舶工程202143(12):110-114.
WANG GuoliangYI XiaodongXIE Qingcheng,et al. Research about cavitation damage of CPP blade bolt[J]. Ship Engineering202143(12):110-114.(In Chinese)
[4]
唐云岗. 可分离铰接式坦克越壕性能仿真研究[D]. 长沙:中南大学,2009:58-67.
TANG Yungang. Simulation study on trench crossing performance of separable articulated tank[D]. Changsha:Central South University,2009:58-67.(In Chinese)
[5]
罗敏.一起桥梁检测车事故原因分析[J]. 特种设备安全技术2022(5):67-68.
LUO Min.Cause analysis of an accident of bridge inspection vehicle[J]. Safety Technology of Special Equipment2022(5):67-68.(In Chinese)
[6]
田静,崔萍,张远琴,等.一起电动单梁起重机部件坠落伤人事故分析[J]. 西部特种设备20225(4):63-66.
TIAN JingCUI PingZHANG Yuanqin,et al. Analysis of an electric single beam crane component falling injury accident[J]. Western Special Equipment20225(4):63-66.(In Chinese)
[7]
彭凌云,韩虎.关于风电机组检修维护的要点讨论[J]. 机电产品开发与创新202235(6):173-176.
PENG LingyunHAN Hu. Discourse upon the key points of overhaul and maintenance of wind turbine[J]. Development & Innovation of Machinery & Electrical Products202235(6):173-176.(In Chinese)
[8]
管春玲,周金龙,卢俊业,等. 列车检修停靠状态下底板螺栓缺陷自动检测研究[J]. 电子技术与软件工程2021(18):81-82.
GUAN ChunlingZHOU JinlongLU Junye,et al. Research on automatic detection of bottom plate bolt defects under the condition of train maintenance and parking[J]. Electronic Technology & Software Engineering2021(18):81-82.(In Chinese)
[9]
PARK J HKIM T HLEE K S,et al. Novel bolt-loosening detection technique using image processing for bolt joints in steel bridges[C]//Proceedings of the 2015 World Congress on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics(ASEM15),August 25-29,2015,Incheon,Korea.[S.l.]:International Association of Structural Engineering & Mechanics, 2015:1-19.
[10]
PARK J HHUYNH T CCHOI S H,et al. Vision-based technique for bolt-loosening detection in wind turbine tower[J]. Wind and Structures201521(6):709-726.
[11]
CHA Y JYOU KCHOI W. Vision-based detection of loosened bolts using the Hough transform and support vector machines[J]. Automation in Construction201671:181-188.
[12]
NGUYEN T CHUYNH T CRYU J Y,et al. Bolt-loosening identification of bolt connections by vision image-based technique[J]. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering20169804:980413.
[13]
LIU YHUO L SSONG G B. Automatic detection on the bolt loose based on digital image processing[C]//Proceedings of the 2018 World Congress on Advances in Civil, Environmental & Materials Research(Structures18),August 27-31,2018, Songdo Convensia,Incheon, South Korea,2018:1-22.
[14]
周靖,刘煜,霍林生.基于机器视觉的螺栓松动旋转角度测量[J]. 机械设计与研究202137(4):159-162.
ZHOU JingLIU YuHUO Linsheng. Machine vision-based rotation angle measurement of bolt looseness[J]. Machine Design and Research202137(4):159-162.(In Chinese)
[15]
XIE Y XSUN J H. On-line bolt-loosening detection method of key components of running trains using binocular vision[C]//LIDAR Imaging Detection and Target Recognition 2017. SPIE,2017:1060513.
[16]
ZHAO X FZHANG YWANG N N. Bolt loosening angle detection technology using deep learning[J]. Structural Control and Health Monitoring201926(1):2292.
[17]
RAMANA LCHOI WCHA Y J. Fully automated vision-based loosened bolt detection using the Viola-Jones algorithm[J]. Structural Health Monitoring201918(2):422-434.
[18]
陈健雄,宁航. 基于YOLO v2与OTSU的中低速磁浮接触轨连接板螺钉松动识别[J]. 计算机与现代化2019(9):118-121.
CHEN JianxiongNING Hang. Connecting plate screw loosening recognition of medium and low speed maglev contact rail based on YOLO v2 and OTSU[J].Computer and Modernization2019(9):118-121.(In Chinese)
[19]
PAN XYANG T Y. Imagebased monitoring of bolt loosening through deeplearningbased integrated detection and tracking[J].ComputerAided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering202237(10):1207-1222.
[20]
SUN YLI MDONG R,et al. Vision-based detection of bolt loosening using YOLOv5[J]. Sensors202222(14):5184.
[21]
YU YLIU YCHEN J,et al. Detection method for bolted connection looseness at small angles of timber structures based on deep learning[J]. Sensors202121(9):3106.
[22]
GONG HDENG X JLIU J H,et al. Quantitative loosening detection of threaded fasteners using vision-based deep learning and geometric imaging theory[J]. Automation in Construction2022133:104009.
[23]
黄德青,倪思杰,秦娜. 一种基于防松线识别的列车螺栓松动检测方法:CN113469966A[P]. 2021-10-01.
HUANG DeqingNI SijieQIN Na. A method of loosening a trains based on anti-pine recognition:CN113469966A[P]. 2021-10-01.(In Chinese)
[24]
YANG M LLUO L ZTAO M L.Efficient rail repair machine based on image recognition technology[J]. Journal of Physics:Conference Series20201486(4):042023.
[25]
SONG D YXU XCUI X P,et al. Bolt looseness detection based on Canny edge detection algorithm[J]. Concurrency and Computation:Practice and Experience2023:7713.
[26]
YANG RGUAN Z LLU J,et al. Bolt looseness detection algorithm based on 2D color space extraction and 3D depth measurement[C]//2022 IEEE 17th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications(ICIEA). New York:IEEE,2022:491-497.
[27]
DENG X JLIU J HGONG H,et al. Detection of loosening angle for mark bolted joints with computer vision and geometric imaging[J]. Automation in Construction2022142:104517.
[28]
ZHENG XLEI Q YYAO R,et al. Image segmentation based on adaptive K-means algorithm[J]. EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing20182018:68.
[29]
International Electrotechnical Commission.Multimedia systems and equipment-colour measurement and management-part 2-1:colour management-Default RGB colour space-sRGB:IEC 61966-2-1:1999/AMD1:2003 CSV[S]. Geneva:International Electrotechnical Commission,2003:9-10.
[30]
OTSU N. A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems ‘Man’ and Cybernetics19799(1):62-66.
[31]
GONZALEZ R C WOODS R E. Digital image processing[M].4th ed. London:Pearson Group,2018:487-488.
[32]
HU M K. Visual pattern recognition by moment invariants[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory19628(2):179-187.
[33]
MathWorks. atan2-Four-quadrant inverse tangent [EB/OL]. https://ww2.mathworks.cn/help/matlab/ref/atan2.html?s_tid=srchtitle_atan2_1.
[34]
王前选,王锐锋,李虎,等. 轨道车辆螺栓松动量与预紧力视觉检测方法研究[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报202320(9):3511-3524.
WANG QianxuanWANG RuifengLI Hu,et al. Research on visual detection method of rail vehicle bolt looseness and pre-tightening force[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering202320(9):3511-3524.(In Chinese)
[35]
QI Y ZLI P ZXIONG B,et al. A two-step computer vision-based framework for bolt loosening detection and its implementation on a smartphone application[J]. Structural Health Monitoring202221(5):2048-2062.
2025年第47卷第5期
PDF下载
99
49
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.012
  • 接收时间:2023-10-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-05-15
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-18
  • 修回日期:2023-11-15
基金
Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(202003N4342)
宁波市自然科学基金项目(202003N4342)
作者信息
    中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,宁波 315103
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/CN/10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.012
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏