Article(id=1241394835530240261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241394830056681606, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729094400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-17, revisedDate=1732550400000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773901192790, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1747238400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773901192790, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773901192790, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773901192790, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241394830056681606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773901191486, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773901239759, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241395032599613636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241394830056681606, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241395032599613637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241394830056681606, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=29, endPage=37, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241394835878367506, articleId=1241394835530240261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Vibration characteristics of composite reinforced cylindrical shells sandwiched with co-cured damping films, columnId=1228282191914926752, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=Vibration·Noise·Monitoring·Diagnosis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the dynamic behavior of stiffened cylindrical shells with composite material sandwiched by co-cured damping films under the clamped boundary condition, the specimens of stiffened cylindrical shell with composite material sandwiched by co-cured damping films were prepared, and the dynamic modal test platform was set up. The fundamental frequency, damping ratio and modal shapes of stiffened cylindrical shell specimens were solved, and the accuracy of finite element model was verified. The influence of geometric parameters on structural vibration characteristics was further discussed by the numerical simulation method. The results show that, the fundamental frequency, damping ratio and modal shape of the structure will change abruptly when the height of stiffeners changes, and there is a suitable height value before the abrupt change to make the whole structure consider both damping and stiffness requirements; when the thickness of composite materials is constant, the fundamental frequency of the whole structure decreases gradually and the damping ratio increases gradually with the increase of the damping thickness or damping layer number of single layer; for the stiffened cylindrical shell of single layer damping composite materials, the closer the damping layer is to the inner skin, the higher the stiffness is, and vice versa, the damping capacity is better.

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ZHENG Changsheng, E-mail:
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为研究共固化阻尼膜夹嵌复合材料加筋圆柱壳在固支边界下的动力学性能,制备了共固化阻尼膜夹嵌复合材料加筋圆柱壳试件,搭建了动力学模态试验平台,求解了加筋圆柱壳试件的基频、阻尼比和模态振型,并验证了有限元模型的准确性,进一步通过数值模拟方法探讨了几何参数对结构振动特性的影响。结果表明,加强筋高度变化,结构的基频、阻尼比和模态振型会发生突变,且在突变前存在合适的高度值使整体结构同时兼顾阻尼和刚度需求;复合材料厚度一定时,随单层阻尼厚度或阻尼层数增加,整体结构基频逐渐减小,阻尼比逐渐增大;对于单层阻尼复合材料加筋圆柱壳,阻尼层越接近内蒙皮,其刚度越高,反之阻尼能力越好。

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郑长升,男,1994年生,山东寿光人,博士,副教授;主要研究方向为功能复合材料;E-mail:
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周越松,男,1996年生,山东庆云人,硕士,讲师;主要研究方向为复合材料动力学;E-mail:

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周越松,男,1996年生,山东庆云人,硕士,讲师;主要研究方向为复合材料动力学;E-mail:

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caption=d3对1阶固有频率的影响, figureFileSmall=8hb0AEOD7y4wqhCVJjxBOg==, figureFileBig=cmBMUxylVZhYkXqLui/DdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400397705826817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394835530240261, language=EN, label=Fig.19, caption=Effect of d3 on the 1st-order modal loss factor, figureFileSmall=QTILRGraXvFCyGW8tEIVjQ==, figureFileBig=92GK7tmF3PDhRShaBcCXpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400397814878727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394835530240261, language=CN, label=图19, caption=d3对1阶模态损耗因子的影响, figureFileSmall=QTILRGraXvFCyGW8tEIVjQ==, figureFileBig=92GK7tmF3PDhRShaBcCXpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400397907153421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394835530240261, language=EN, label=Fig.20, caption=Effect of h1 on the 1st-order natural frequency, figureFileSmall=SDl3bE/KQz+F4uP/ZjZyCQ==, figureFileBig=ENB9JURaE69VQ4ktbyasdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400397995233812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394835530240261, language=CN, label=图20, caption=h1对1阶固有频率的影响, figureFileSmall=SDl3bE/KQz+F4uP/ZjZyCQ==, figureFileBig=ENB9JURaE69VQ4ktbyasdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400398087508506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394835530240261, language=EN, label=Fig.21, caption=Effect of h1 on the loss factor, figureFileSmall=/BiyuUqekKiYxxG9MIy3bQ==, figureFileBig=7BTschA976t5QKOC8E0w4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400398196560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394835530240261, language=CN, label=图21, caption=h1对损耗因子的影响, figureFileSmall=/BiyuUqekKiYxxG9MIy3bQ==, figureFileBig=7BTschA976t5QKOC8E0w4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400399660372514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, 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articleId=1241394835530240261, language=EN, label=Fig.27, caption=Effect of d1 on the loss factor, figureFileSmall=Kgw4QHSHvo1WmPL687y9QQ==, figureFileBig=jxpbthwvEkqsJd3cXx2O2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400400574730826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394835530240261, language=CN, label=图27, caption=d1对损耗因子的影响, figureFileSmall=Kgw4QHSHvo1WmPL687y9QQ==, figureFileBig=jxpbthwvEkqsJd3cXx2O2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241400400641839693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394835530240261, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Damping material parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Parameter数值Numerical value
密度Density ρ/(kg/m3)985
弹性模量Elasticity modulus Ex/MPa15.5
泊松比Poisson ratio ν0.498
损耗因子Loss factor nv0.2
厚度Thickness/mm0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241400400750891599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394835530240261, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

阻尼材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Parameter数值Numerical value
密度Density ρ/(kg/m3)985
弹性模量Elasticity modulus Ex/MPa15.5
泊松比Poisson ratio ν0.498
损耗因子Loss factor nv0.2
厚度Thickness/mm0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241400400843166290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394835530240261, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Composite material parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Parameter数值Numerical value
密度Density ρ/(kg/m3)1 600
弹性模量Elasticity modulus ExEyEz/GPa57.1,60.3,8.8
剪切模量Shear modulus GxyGyzGxz/GPa5.32,4.47,4.47
泊松比Poisson ratio νxy、νyz、νxz0.052,0.038,0.334
单层厚度Single layer thickness/mm0.25
), ArticleFig(id=1241400400998355541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241394835530240261, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

复合材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Parameter数值Numerical value
密度Density ρ/(kg/m3)1 600
弹性模量Elasticity modulus ExEyEz/GPa57.1,60.3,8.8
剪切模量Shear modulus GxyGyzGxz/GPa5.32,4.47,4.47
泊松比Poisson ratio νxy、νyz、νxz0.052,0.038,0.334
单层厚度Single layer thickness/mm0.25
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Structural geometric parameters of stiffened cylindrical shells

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参数Parameter物理数值
Physical value
壳体高度Shell height/mm320
壳中性层半径Neutral layer radius of the shell/mm338.1
壳体总厚度Total thickness of the shell/mm2.1
内外蒙皮厚度Thickness of inner and outer skin/mm1
阻尼层厚度Damping layer thickness/mm0.1
预浸料缠绕数目Number of pre-preg windings8
预浸料缠绕结构Winding structure of pre-preg[08/d]s
加强筋长度Length of stiffener/mm320
加强筋高度Height of stiffener/mm24
加强筋宽度Width of stiffener/mm20
加强筋厚度Thickness of stiffener/mm2
预浸料铺层数目Number of layers of pre-preg8
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加筋圆柱壳结构几何参数

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参数Parameter物理数值
Physical value
壳体高度Shell height/mm320
壳中性层半径Neutral layer radius of the shell/mm338.1
壳体总厚度Total thickness of the shell/mm2.1
内外蒙皮厚度Thickness of inner and outer skin/mm1
阻尼层厚度Damping layer thickness/mm0.1
预浸料缠绕数目Number of pre-preg windings8
预浸料缠绕结构Winding structure of pre-preg[08/d]s
加强筋长度Length of stiffener/mm320
加强筋高度Height of stiffener/mm24
加强筋宽度Width of stiffener/mm20
加强筋厚度Thickness of stiffener/mm2
预浸料铺层数目Number of layers of pre-preg8
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Comparison of test and simulation results

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阶数Order无阻尼加筋圆柱壳仿真结果
Simulation results of undamped stiffened cylindrical shell
加筋圆柱壳仿真结果
Simulation results of stiffened cylindrical shell
加筋圆柱壳试验结果
Test results of stiffened cylindrical shell
误差Error/%
频率
Frequency/Hz
损耗因子
Loss factor η/%
频率
Frequency/Hz
损耗因子
Loss factor η/%
频率
Frequency/Hz
损耗因子
Loss factor η/%
频率
Frequency
损耗因子
Loss factor
1阶1st order292.451.01281.672.50286.952.39-1.84-4.60
2阶2nd order363.26347.17338.912.44
3阶3rd order468.34407.34442.80-8.00
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试验与仿真结果对比

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阶数Order无阻尼加筋圆柱壳仿真结果
Simulation results of undamped stiffened cylindrical shell
加筋圆柱壳仿真结果
Simulation results of stiffened cylindrical shell
加筋圆柱壳试验结果
Test results of stiffened cylindrical shell
误差Error/%
频率
Frequency/Hz
损耗因子
Loss factor η/%
频率
Frequency/Hz
损耗因子
Loss factor η/%
频率
Frequency/Hz
损耗因子
Loss factor η/%
频率
Frequency
损耗因子
Loss factor
1阶1st order292.451.01281.672.50286.952.39-1.84-4.60
2阶2nd order363.26347.17338.912.44
3阶3rd order468.34407.34442.80-8.00
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共固化阻尼膜夹嵌复合材料加筋圆柱壳的振动特性
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周越松 1 , 孙兴帅 2 , 梁森 2 , 孔佳利 1 , 郑明辉 1 , 郑长升 3
机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025,47(5): 29-37
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机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025, 47(5): 29-37
共固化阻尼膜夹嵌复合材料加筋圆柱壳的振动特性
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周越松1 , 孙兴帅2, 梁森2, 孔佳利1, 郑明辉1, 郑长升3
作者信息
  • 1.山东华宇工学院 机械工程学院,德州 253000
  • 2.青岛理工大学 机械与汽车工程学院,青岛 266520
  • 3.潍坊科技学院 智能制造学院,潍坊 262700
  • 周越松,男,1996年生,山东庆云人,硕士,讲师;主要研究方向为复合材料动力学;E-mail:

通讯作者:

郑长升,男,1994年生,山东寿光人,博士,副教授;主要研究方向为功能复合材料;E-mail:
Vibration characteristics of composite reinforced cylindrical shells sandwiched with co-cured damping films
Yuesong ZHOU1 , Xingshuai SUN2, Sen LIANG2, Jiali KONG1, Minghui ZHENG1, Changsheng ZHENG3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou 253000, China
  • 2.School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
  • 3.School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China
出版时间: 2025-05-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.004
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为研究共固化阻尼膜夹嵌复合材料加筋圆柱壳在固支边界下的动力学性能,制备了共固化阻尼膜夹嵌复合材料加筋圆柱壳试件,搭建了动力学模态试验平台,求解了加筋圆柱壳试件的基频、阻尼比和模态振型,并验证了有限元模型的准确性,进一步通过数值模拟方法探讨了几何参数对结构振动特性的影响。结果表明,加强筋高度变化,结构的基频、阻尼比和模态振型会发生突变,且在突变前存在合适的高度值使整体结构同时兼顾阻尼和刚度需求;复合材料厚度一定时,随单层阻尼厚度或阻尼层数增加,整体结构基频逐渐减小,阻尼比逐渐增大;对于单层阻尼复合材料加筋圆柱壳,阻尼层越接近内蒙皮,其刚度越高,反之阻尼能力越好。

共固化阻尼膜夹嵌复合材料  /  加筋圆柱壳  /  动力学性能  /  模态试验  /  数值模拟

In order to study the dynamic behavior of stiffened cylindrical shells with composite material sandwiched by co-cured damping films under the clamped boundary condition, the specimens of stiffened cylindrical shell with composite material sandwiched by co-cured damping films were prepared, and the dynamic modal test platform was set up. The fundamental frequency, damping ratio and modal shapes of stiffened cylindrical shell specimens were solved, and the accuracy of finite element model was verified. The influence of geometric parameters on structural vibration characteristics was further discussed by the numerical simulation method. The results show that, the fundamental frequency, damping ratio and modal shape of the structure will change abruptly when the height of stiffeners changes, and there is a suitable height value before the abrupt change to make the whole structure consider both damping and stiffness requirements; when the thickness of composite materials is constant, the fundamental frequency of the whole structure decreases gradually and the damping ratio increases gradually with the increase of the damping thickness or damping layer number of single layer; for the stiffened cylindrical shell of single layer damping composite materials, the closer the damping layer is to the inner skin, the higher the stiffness is, and vice versa, the damping capacity is better.

Co-cured damping film embedded composite  /  Reinforced cylindrical shell  /  Dynamic behavior  /  Modal test  /  Numerical simulation
周越松, 孙兴帅, 梁森, 孔佳利, 郑明辉, 郑长升. 共固化阻尼膜夹嵌复合材料加筋圆柱壳的振动特性. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (5) : 29 -37 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.004
Yuesong ZHOU, Xingshuai SUN, Sen LIANG, Jiali KONG, Minghui ZHENG, Changsheng ZHENG. Vibration characteristics of composite reinforced cylindrical shells sandwiched with co-cured damping films[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (5) : 29 -37 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.004
复合材料加筋圆柱壳等回转体结构广泛应用于航空航天领域,如空间卫星主承力结构、运载火箭等[1-4]。随着时代的发展,对以上结构在轻质、高刚度、大阻尼方面提出了更高的要求,而传统复合材料已无法满足高阻尼的性能需求。共固化阻尼膜夹嵌复合材料(Co-cured Damping Film Embedded Composite,CDFEC)由基体相、增强相和黏弹性阻尼材料等经过共固化工艺使得分子层面发生反应复合而成,具有阻尼性能优异和耐疲劳等优点。梁森团队开展了大量共固化阻尼膜夹嵌复合材料板、梁结构的研究,发现在复合材料板、梁内嵌入阻尼材料可大幅度提高其阻尼性能[5-7]。纪胜飞等[8]制备了共固化阻尼膜夹嵌复合材料圆板,通过理论和试验求解发现较薄的阻尼层便能显著提高结构的阻尼性能。王绍清等[9]研究了嵌入双层阻尼薄膜共固化复合材料带筋结构的自由振动,发现加强筋参数变化对结构的力学性能具有显著的影响。刘昭阳等[10]开展了嵌入式共固化阻尼复合材料梁的自由振动分析,研究发现阻尼层位于中间层时,结构阻尼性能最为优异。但目前关于共固化阻尼膜夹嵌复合材料加筋圆柱壳振动特性的研究几乎未见报道。
近年来,国内外学者对传统复合材料加筋圆柱壳结构的动力学特性研究较多。KLYUSHNYK等[11]应用具有平衡方程和几何Donnel-Mushtary关系的结构-正交包络线性理论,求解了加筋圆柱壳在移动惯性力作用下的一些振动特性,并研究了几何参数对壳体振动和稳定性能的影响。HEMMATNEZHAD等[12]将加强筋的刚度作用和壳体的刚度作用结合,以获得整个结构的等效刚度参数,并应用统一分析的方法探讨了具有不同边界条件网格加筋壳的振动行为。ZAREI等[13]利用试验和理论推导方法,研究加筋圆锥-圆柱复合壳体的振动特性,探讨了锥体半顶点和加劲肋的取向角等几个设计参数对模态参数的影响规律。童瑶等[14]建立了非协调广义混合元的无阻尼自由振动方程,对加筋圆柱壳的自由振动特性展开了深入研究。HONG等[15]提出一种基于波浪理论和有限元法的波浪有限元法,用于预测正交加筋圆柱壳的振动行为。QU等[16-17]将改进的变分法应用于受不同边界条件影响的环加筋圆柱壳的动力学分析,进而使用该方法建立了圆周环和纵梁加固圆柱壳的解析模型。在数值模拟方面,ROUT等[18]采用有限元法对层合加筋圆柱壳的动态响应进行了分析,并讨论了纤维取向、加强筋高度对1阶固有频率的影响。李正良等[19]借助有限元分析研究了正交加筋圆柱壳-球壳组合结构振动响应,并分析了长径比和球心半角与1阶固有频率和损耗因子的变化关系。
综上所述,目前对于CDFEC加筋圆柱壳结构的研究相对较少。为更加全面地分析CDFEC结构,将其从板、梁结构扩展到圆柱壳结构变得至关重要。
将氢化丁腈阻尼材料用四氢呋喃溶液溶解成具有一定浓度的浆液,运用刷涂法在碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸料上均匀地刷涂0.1 mm厚的阻尼薄膜。对于圆柱壳结构,将带有阻尼薄膜的预浸料及无阻尼的预浸料按照预定的卷铺顺序和数目缠绕在模具上;对于加强筋结构,铺设无阻尼的预浸料于模具中。分别把圆柱壳和加强筋的预成形体放入热压罐中共固化。将制备的圆柱壳与加强筋进行粘接,最终成形的CDFEC加筋圆柱壳试件如图1所示(说明:圆柱壳底端的法兰环是为了实现固支边界条件所设计的)。阻尼材料参数如表1所示,预浸料材料参数如表2所示,试件几何参数和铺层结构如表3所示。
Reflex模态测试能够对复杂结构的模态参数做出快速、精准的分析,采用单点激振、多点响应的方式对CDFEC加筋圆柱壳进行模态参数识别,从而获得固有频率、模态振型和阻尼比。通过分析该结构的基频和损耗因子能够评估所制备的CDFEC加筋圆柱壳试件动力学性能的优劣。设置一端固定支撑、一端自由的边界条件,搭建的动力学试验平台如图2所示。
建立CDFEC加筋圆柱壳模型并导入PULSE,划分与试件相对应的120个测点,如图3所示。为获得准确的试验结果,设置4次激振数值取平均值。待测量点数据收集完毕后,将测量结果导入到后处理软件PULSE Reflex Version中进行模态参数识别,提取试件的前3阶模态频率和1阶模态阻尼比。
选择SOLID185单元对几何模型进行网格处理,由于加强筋材料属性与外蒙皮材料属性在方向上有相互耦合关系,因此需要改变每层的局部坐标系来调整加强筋与外蒙皮结合处铺层角度的方向。之后对加强筋进行单元划分,两根轴向筋划分为1 200个单元,在壳体与加强筋之间进行共节点处理。边界条件为一端固定支撑、一端自由,如图4所示。
图5~图7为试验与仿真的前3阶模态振型对比图。可以发现,两者振型具有良好的一致性,进一步验证了数值模拟方案的有效性。
在验证数值模拟方案可行性后,建立无阻尼加筋圆柱壳结构有限元模型,进行仿真分析。将计算结果与模态试验得到的CDFEC加筋圆柱壳的前3阶固有频率和1阶模态阻尼比进行对比,如表4所示。分析可得:对比CDFEC加筋圆柱壳的仿真与试验结果,1阶、2阶固有频率和1阶损耗因子误差均在5%以内,3阶固有频率误差在10%以内,满足工程应用中的需要,且再次验证了数值模拟方案的有效性;对比无阻尼加筋圆柱壳与CDFEC加筋圆柱壳的仿真结果,添加阻尼材料后,结构的1阶固有频率下降了3.68%,但阻尼性能提高了147.5%,说明CDFEC加筋圆柱壳相较于传统复合材料加筋圆柱壳具有更高的阻尼特性,且对结构刚度影响较小,满足航空结构大阻尼、高刚度的需求。
在验证有限元模型的有效性后,为获得对加筋圆柱壳结构的整体规律性认识,采用相同的数值模拟方案,建立的CDFEC加筋圆柱壳模型尺寸为长度400 mm,中性层半径253.95 mm,总厚度2.1 mm,内外蒙皮厚度1 mm,阻尼层厚度0.1 mm,加筋类型包括周向筋和轴向筋。通过改变加强筋参数,进一步探讨其变化对两端固支CDFEC加筋圆柱壳结构动力学特性的影响规律。
CDFEC加筋圆柱壳几何参数如图8所示。其中距离端部L/2处为壳体轴向中心位置,d3为任意周向筋到壳体轴向中心位置的距离,h为加强筋高度,b为加强筋宽度。
建立CDFEC轴向加筋圆柱壳有限元模型,加强筋厚度为2 mm,探讨轴向筋高度的变化对其固有频率和损耗因子的影响,结果分别如图9图10所示。
在有限的宽度范围内,随着轴向筋高度的增加,结构的固有频率和损耗因子在小范围内变化,其1阶固有频率缓慢增加,损耗因子则是缓慢减小。当轴向筋高度继续增加到某一临界值时,结构的固有频率急剧减小,损耗因子显著增大,说明此时CDFEC加筋圆柱壳的振动已从结构主体转移到加强筋上,轴向筋成为整个结构刚度最弱的部分,导致整体刚度显著下降。因此,通过轴向加强筋对CDFEC圆柱壳进行加固,可以明显提高其刚度,但应注意高度不宜过大。
轴向筋高度设为28 mm,探讨轴向筋宽度变化对CDFEC加筋圆柱壳体的固有频率和损耗因子的影响,结果分别如图11图12所示。
随着轴向筋宽度的增大,结构的固有频率不断上升,损耗因子则是不断下降,但两者变化范围相对较小,因此轴向筋宽度变化对整体结构影响较小。
建立CDFEC周向加筋圆柱壳有限元模型,加强筋厚度为2 mm,取d3=50 mm,探讨周向筋高度的变化对CDFEC加筋圆柱壳的1阶固有频率和损耗因子的影响,结果分别如图13图14所示。
分析可知,随着周向筋高度的增大,结构的1阶固有频率呈先增后减的趋势;损耗因子先减后增,且在达到某一数值后急剧增大,之后呈现平缓减小的趋势。
图15所示为周向筋高度分别为16、34、36、38 mm时的模态振型。由图15可知,在高度小于某一数值前,整体结构的振动主要体现在壳体上,但是随着高度的增加,结构振动所需能量增加,于是壳体上的振动逐渐向加强筋上转移,此时高度的变化对结构刚度有明显的加强效果,导致结构的固有频率随高度的增大呈现上升的趋势。而当高度大于某一数值后,整体结构的大部分振动已逐渐从圆柱壳体上转移到了较高的加强筋上,此时两根周向筋成为最薄弱的部分,以至于对整体结构的加强效果失效,导致结构的固有频率不断减小,损耗因子则是先发生突增,之后呈现平缓减小的趋势。
周向筋高度设为24 mm,探讨周向筋宽度的变化对CDFEC加筋圆柱壳体固有频率和损耗因子的影响,结果分别如图16图17所示。
随着周向筋宽度的增加,1阶固有频率不断上升,损耗因子不断减小直至趋于稳定。当周向筋宽度超过一定数值时,结构的损耗因子对其变化不再敏感,对结构阻尼性能的提升不再明显。因此,在进行结构设计分析时,考虑到制作成本,加强筋的宽度应控制在一定的范围内。
取周向筋高度和宽度分别为16 mm和20 mm,探讨距离d3的变化对CDFEC加筋圆柱壳动态特性的影响,结果如图18图19所示。
图18图19可知,随着d3的增大,结构的固有频率先增大后减小,损耗因子先缓慢减小后急剧增大。这是因为壳体结构两端是固定支撑,在靠近壳体两端的位置会有一段区域几乎没有振动,所以距离端部L/2处刚度最弱。当d3=0,即两根周向筋正好作用于刚度最弱的位置时,加强筋的加强效果并不能均摊到壳体上,因此在d3增大的过程中,固有频率会出现极大值点,结构拥有较大的刚度。但周向筋接近壳体两端时,因边界条件制约,周向筋起到的加固效果明显降低,以致整个结构固有频率减小。
通过数值模拟的方法探究CDFEC加筋圆柱壳阻尼层最优的分布方式,建立CDFEC周向加筋圆柱壳有限元模型,取周向筋高度值为24 mm,宽度值为20 mm。
保持CDFEC加筋圆柱壳的总厚度B恒定(B=2.1 mm),当阻尼层厚度h1从0.1 mm增大到1.5 mm时,CDFEC加筋圆柱壳结构的基频和损耗因子的变化分别如图20图21所示。
增大h1的值,结构1阶固有频率不断减小,损耗因子不断增加;且当h1值较大时,基频的衰减趋势和损耗因子的增加趋势减缓。这是因为随着h1的增加,内外蒙皮纤维材料变薄,此时中间阻尼层承受了更大的剪切应力,使阻尼材料获得更大的应变能,相反内外蒙皮纤维材料获得的应变能减小。可见,阻尼层参数稍微变动便很大程度影响结构动态特性,甚至较薄的阻尼层也可明显增强结构的阻尼性能,因此应选择合理的阻尼层厚度来调整结构的动态性能。
单层预浸料的厚度为0.25 mm,单层阻尼薄膜厚度为0.1 mm。保持预浸料层数为8层,现将阻尼薄膜嵌入到对称的预浸料中,探讨阻尼层数变化对CDFEC加筋圆柱壳结构的基频和损耗因子的影响。图22(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)、(e)、(f)、(g)分别表示阻尼层数为1、2、3、4、5、6、7时在CDFEC加筋圆柱壳中位置,计算结果如图23图24所示。
对比图20~图24可知:当阻尼层总厚度一定时,无论是改变单层阻尼厚度还是改变阻尼层数,两种方式对结构基频和阻尼比的增减幅度趋于一致。随阻尼层总厚度增加,结构的1阶固有频率呈下降趋势,损耗因子呈递增趋势;且当阻尼层数较高时,结构基频和损耗因子的增减趋势减缓。合理地选择阻尼层厚度不仅可以获得较理想的刚度,还可以提高CDFEC加筋圆柱壳在动态变形中能量耗散的能力。
保持预浸料的层数为8层,将0.1 mm厚单层阻尼薄膜嵌入到预浸料中,探讨单层阻尼薄膜位置变化对CDFEC加筋圆柱壳1阶固有频率和阻尼比的影响。为了方便表述,引入变量d1,如图25所示。
分别计算d1为-0.75、-0.5、-0.25、0.25、0.5、0.75 mm时结构的基频和损耗因子(负号表示阻尼薄层嵌入到中性层下方),其曲线关系如图26图27所示。
阻尼层位置由中性层下方变化到上方的过程中,结构的1阶固有频率不断减小,损耗因子则是不断增大。阻尼层越靠近内蒙皮,结构1阶固有频率越大,即结构刚度越高。
通过模态试验和数值模拟研究,对CDFEC加筋圆柱壳的动力学特性进行了分析,揭示了参数变化对1阶固有频率、阻尼比的影响规律,对轻质、高刚度、大阻尼的加筋圆柱壳的设计具有指导意义。研究主要结论如下:
1)随加强筋高度变化,结构的基频和阻尼比存在一定的突变关系,导致壳体的整体振动转变为加强筋上的局部振动,且在发生突变前存在某一临界高度值,使结构的基频和阻尼比达到较大值。
2)随加强筋宽度增加,CDFEC加筋圆柱壳的阻尼性能衰减。加强筋的宽度应控制在一定的范围内。
3)当CDFEC加筋圆柱壳总厚度恒定时,无论是改变单层阻尼厚度,还是改变阻尼层数,两种方式对结构基频和阻尼比的增减幅度趋于一致。且随阻尼厚度增加,结构阻尼性能增强,刚度下降。
4)嵌入单层阻尼薄膜到预浸料复合材料时,阻尼层愈接近内蒙皮,CDFEC加筋圆柱壳结构刚度越高;阻尼层越接近外蒙皮,CDFEC加筋圆柱壳结构阻尼能力越好。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52075280)
  • 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023QE115)
  • 智能制造工程实验室-山东省高等学校特色实验室项目
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2025年第47卷第5期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.004
  • 接收时间:2024-10-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-17
  • 修回日期:2024-11-26
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52075280)
国家自然科学基金项目(52075280)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023QE115)
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023QE115)
Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory-Shandong Higher Education Characteristic Labordatory
智能制造工程实验室-山东省高等学校特色实验室项目
作者信息
    1.山东华宇工学院 机械工程学院,德州 253000
    2.青岛理工大学 机械与汽车工程学院,青岛 266520
    3.潍坊科技学院 智能制造学院,潍坊 262700

通讯作者:

郑长升,男,1994年生,山东寿光人,博士,副教授;主要研究方向为功能复合材料;E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/CN/10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.05.004
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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