Article(id=1241049264965611646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241049258309251153, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1696608000000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-07, revisedDate=1701792000000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773818802347, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1749916800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773818802347, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773818802347, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773818802347, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241049258309251153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773818800761, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773819014967, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241050156821434987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241049258309251153, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241050156821434988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241049258309251153, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=37, endPage=47, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241049265410207883, articleId=1241049264965611646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Gearbox fault diagnosis method based on multi-sensor data fusion and GAN, columnId=1228282191914926752, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=Vibration·Noise·Monitoring·Diagnosis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the problem of the gearbox fault diagnosis and analysis based on multi-sensor data under dataset imbalanced conditions, a gearbox fault diagnosis method based on a kurtosis index data fusion and a generative adversarial neural networks (GAN) was proposed. This method weighted the fusion of multiple sensor data based on signal kurtosis,highlighting the fault sensitive components of the gearbox in the fused signal. Then, a wavelet packet transform was used to extract the energy coefficients of each frequency band of the signal as signal features. Finally, the classification and recognition of signal features were implemented based on a back propagation (BP) neural network. Due to the fact that in actual working conditions, fault signals were more difficult to obtain than normal signals, GAN was used to expand the fault data section of the dataset, and the expanded dataset was used to train BP neural network. Through test analysis, it is shown that the fault accuracy of the described method is as high as 98%, which verifies the correctness of the proposed method and provides new ideas and methods for multi-sensor data fusion and fault diagnosis problems.

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SONG Chunsheng, E-mail:
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针对数据集不平衡条件下基于多传感器数据的齿轮箱故障诊断分析问题,提出一种基于峭度指标数据融合及生成对抗神经网络(Generative Adversarial Neural Network, GAN)的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。首先,基于信号峭度对多个传感器数据进行加权融合,使融合后的信号中突出齿轮箱的故障敏感成分;其次,利用小波包变换提取信号各频段的能量系数作为信号特征;最后,基于反向传播(Back Propagation, BP)神经网络实现信号特征的分类与识别。由于实际工况中,故障信号较正常信号更不易获取,所以采用GAN对数据集中故障数据部分进行扩展,并采用扩展后的数据集训练BP神经网络。试验分析表明,所述方法故障准确率高达98%,验明了所提方法的正确性,为多传感数据融合及故障诊断问题提供了新的思路与方法。

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宋春生(通信作者),男,1981年生,河北唐山人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为机械振动主动控制;E-mail:
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杨星宇,男,1999年生,湖北武汉人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为齿轮箱故障诊断;E-mail:

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杨星宇,男,1999年生,湖北武汉人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为齿轮箱故障诊断;E-mail:

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杨星宇,男,1999年生,湖北武汉人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为齿轮箱故障诊断;E-mail:

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pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=17, authorNames=ZHAO Shanfei, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Shanfei.Research and application of transformer fault diagnosis method based on PSO-BP neural network[D].Guangzhou:Guangdong University of Technology,2021:20-30.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Research and application of transformer fault diagnosis method based on PSO-BP neural network, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241049282854318530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264965611646, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241049282866901444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264965611646, companyId=1241049282854318530, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, 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spectrums, figureFileSmall=XhIh41L+LdwHOP3wDChTow==, figureFileBig=C3HSiwSkW6EWRok4Nkb98Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049295370121946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264965611646, language=CN, label=图12, caption=点蚀-点蚀及正常工况时域信号及频谱图, figureFileSmall=XhIh41L+LdwHOP3wDChTow==, figureFileBig=C3HSiwSkW6EWRok4Nkb98Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049295474979550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264965611646, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Pitting-pitting composite fault spectrum generated by GAN, figureFileSmall=HDozVkL4WJt/ySLSe7sB9g==, figureFileBig=h9NvIP2HznyIuzZJ3Av4jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049295584031460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264965611646, language=CN, label=图13, caption=GAN生成点蚀-点蚀复合故障频谱, figureFileSmall=HDozVkL4WJt/ySLSe7sB9g==, figureFileBig=h9NvIP2HznyIuzZJ3Av4jg==, tableContent=null), 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Technical parameters of gearboxes

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输入齿轮齿数
Number of teeth of the input gear z1
输出齿轮齿数
Number of teeth of the output gear z2
输入级传动比
Input stage transmission ratio I1
输出级传动比
Output stage transmission ratio I2
输入级转速
Input stage speed ω/(r/min)
507550:7525:751 440
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齿轮箱技术参数

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输入齿轮齿数
Number of teeth of the input gear z1
输出齿轮齿数
Number of teeth of the output gear z2
输入级传动比
Input stage transmission ratio I1
输出级传动比
Output stage transmission ratio I2
输入级转速
Input stage speed ω/(r/min)
507550:7525:751 440
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Sample numbers under various operating conditions

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故障类型
Fault type
正常工况
Normal working condition
点蚀-点蚀工况
Pitting-pitting working condition
裂纹-点蚀工况
Cracks-pitting working condition
断齿-点蚀工况
Broken teeth-pitting working condition
样本个数
Number of samples
160808080
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各工况下样本个数

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故障类型
Fault type
正常工况
Normal working condition
点蚀-点蚀工况
Pitting-pitting working condition
裂纹-点蚀工况
Cracks-pitting working condition
断齿-点蚀工况
Broken teeth-pitting working condition
样本个数
Number of samples
160808080
), ArticleFig(id=1241049304996049791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264965611646, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Time domain signal parameters

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时域参数
Time domain parameter
齿数
Number of teeth
转频
Rotating frequency/Hz
啮合频率(fm)及倍频
Mesh frequency(fm)and frequency multiplication/Hz
边带频率
Sideband frequency/Hz
数值Value5024n×1 200±n×24
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时域信号参数

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时域参数
Time domain parameter
齿数
Number of teeth
转频
Rotating frequency/Hz
啮合频率(fm)及倍频
Mesh frequency(fm)and frequency multiplication/Hz
边带频率
Sideband frequency/Hz
数值Value5024n×1 200±n×24
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Number of samples under each working condition after expansion

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故障类型
Fault type
正常工况
Normal working condition
点蚀-点蚀故障Pitting-pitting failure裂纹-点蚀故障Crack-pitting failure断齿-点蚀故障Broken teeth-pitting failure
样本个数
Number of samples
16080+8080+8080+80
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扩充后各工况下样本个数

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故障类型
Fault type
正常工况
Normal working condition
点蚀-点蚀故障Pitting-pitting failure裂纹-点蚀故障Crack-pitting failure断齿-点蚀故障Broken teeth-pitting failure
样本个数
Number of samples
16080+8080+8080+80
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基于多传感器数据融合及GAN的齿轮箱故障诊断方法
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杨星宇 , 宋春生 , 吴啸阳
机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025,47(6): 37-47
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机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025, 47(6): 37-47
基于多传感器数据融合及GAN的齿轮箱故障诊断方法
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杨星宇 , 宋春生 , 吴啸阳
作者信息
  • 武汉理工大学 机电工程学院,武汉 430070
  • 杨星宇,男,1999年生,湖北武汉人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为齿轮箱故障诊断;E-mail:

通讯作者:

宋春生(通信作者),男,1981年生,河北唐山人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为机械振动主动控制;E-mail:
Gearbox fault diagnosis method based on multi-sensor data fusion and GAN
Xingyu YANG , Chunsheng SONG , Xiaoyang WU
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
出版时间: 2025-06-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.005
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针对数据集不平衡条件下基于多传感器数据的齿轮箱故障诊断分析问题,提出一种基于峭度指标数据融合及生成对抗神经网络(Generative Adversarial Neural Network, GAN)的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。首先,基于信号峭度对多个传感器数据进行加权融合,使融合后的信号中突出齿轮箱的故障敏感成分;其次,利用小波包变换提取信号各频段的能量系数作为信号特征;最后,基于反向传播(Back Propagation, BP)神经网络实现信号特征的分类与识别。由于实际工况中,故障信号较正常信号更不易获取,所以采用GAN对数据集中故障数据部分进行扩展,并采用扩展后的数据集训练BP神经网络。试验分析表明,所述方法故障准确率高达98%,验明了所提方法的正确性,为多传感数据融合及故障诊断问题提供了新的思路与方法。

多传感器  /  数据融合  /  故障诊断  /  GAN

In response to the problem of the gearbox fault diagnosis and analysis based on multi-sensor data under dataset imbalanced conditions, a gearbox fault diagnosis method based on a kurtosis index data fusion and a generative adversarial neural networks (GAN) was proposed. This method weighted the fusion of multiple sensor data based on signal kurtosis,highlighting the fault sensitive components of the gearbox in the fused signal. Then, a wavelet packet transform was used to extract the energy coefficients of each frequency band of the signal as signal features. Finally, the classification and recognition of signal features were implemented based on a back propagation (BP) neural network. Due to the fact that in actual working conditions, fault signals were more difficult to obtain than normal signals, GAN was used to expand the fault data section of the dataset, and the expanded dataset was used to train BP neural network. Through test analysis, it is shown that the fault accuracy of the described method is as high as 98%, which verifies the correctness of the proposed method and provides new ideas and methods for multi-sensor data fusion and fault diagnosis problems.

Multi-sensor  /  Data fusion  /  Fault diagnosis  /  GAN
杨星宇, 宋春生, 吴啸阳. 基于多传感器数据融合及GAN的齿轮箱故障诊断方法. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (6) : 37 -47 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.005
Xingyu YANG, Chunsheng SONG, Xiaoyang WU. Gearbox fault diagnosis method based on multi-sensor data fusion and GAN[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (6) : 37 -47 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.005
近年来,对旋转机械运行平稳性的监测问题受到广泛关注,大型旋转机械运行的可靠性是安全生产以及经济社会繁荣发展的基石。而旋转机械的监测任务,往往由多个传感器共同完成。基于此,如何从多个传感器中提取出故障敏感的时域信号是亟待解决的问题。同时,当前现有的运行监测及故障诊断技术广泛借助于人工智能方法实现,而人工智能模型的获得往往是基于多种类型且大量的数据作为支撑的。但是,针对某些大型旋转机械而言,数据不平衡的问题是难以解决的,在训练分类模型的过程中正常信号往往比故障信号更容易获得。因此,从不平衡数据集中寻找实现基于多传感器数据的故障诊断方法具有十分重要的研究价值。
在许多大型设备的监测中,传感器往往布置在设备的不同位置上,发生故障时,由于各传感器对故障的敏感程度不同,所以需要综合各传感器采集到的信号进行分析。本文拟采用数据融合方法对多个同一类型传感器采集到的信号进行分析处理。近年来,针对同一类型数据的数据融合方法层出不穷。张龙等[1]239-245采用并列式结构令卷积神经网络(Convolution Neural Network, CNN)与门控循环单元(Gated Recurrent Unit,GRU)双通道同时提取齿轮箱原始振动信号的信号特征,然后将双通道提取的特征向量合并成一个融合特征向量,通过试验证明了融合特征的有效性。乔宁国[2]利用相关函数融合算法将齿轮箱多个测点采集到的振动信号融合为一个能全面反映齿轮箱运行状态的信号,并通过后续特征提取、聚类等方法获得了较高的故障诊断精度。史志远等[3]对行星齿轮箱的三向(水平径向、垂直径向与轴向)振动信号进行数据融合,并输入到CNN中进行故障识别,通过试验证明了数据融合的有效性。刘玉梅等[4]基于多传感器对同一类型的振动信号进行加权融合,但在加权的过程中未对采集的信号进行特征提取,仅基于相关性函数进行加权数据融合,这样融合出的时域信号不能保证融合后更加突出信号的故障特征。而张龙等[1]239-245从信号特征角度将多个传感器信号特征融合为一个能表征设备运转工况的综合信号特征,提升了故障诊断的精度,但特征提取方法未能从故障特征的角度进行考量。
本文提出一种基于峭度加权的多传感器数据融合方法,其基于不同振动传感器对故障点的敏感程度不同,对多传感器信号进行数据融合,使得融合以后的综合时域信号充分反映齿轮箱的冲击成分大小,以突出齿轮箱的故障特征,提升多种类型故障的分类精度。同时,采用小波包分解提取各频段的能量特征并利用反向传播(Back Propagation, BP)神经网络实现故障的分类与识别。而针对齿轮箱故障诊断中存在的数据不平衡问题,引入生成对抗神经网络(Generative Adversarial Neural Network, GAN)进行解决。
时域信号统计特征中,峭度是衡量信号中冲击成分大小的指标[5],峭度的计算式为
式中,xi为各采样点;为信号均值;n为采样点数。
在齿轮箱发生故障时,周期性冲击会从故障处通过机械连接传递到箱体上,布置在齿轮箱上不同位置的振动传感器采集到的信号会反映出不同的周期性冲击大小,而对齿轮箱的故障诊断策略,往往是对这种周期性冲击的分析得来的。为充分提取各传感器中的故障信息以实现高精度的故障识别,以对冲击敏感的峭度指标作为标准对多个传感器采集到的信号进行加权数据融合,得
式中,r为融合后的综合时域信号;yi为布置在不同位置的传感器中传感器i采集到的振动信号;qi为传感器i采集到的振动信号峭度在所有布置在不同位置的传感器采集到的信号峭度之和中的占比。
数据不平衡问题的产生,是因为实际工况中正常数据较故障数据更容易获得,导致在训练分类模型时正常工况下的数据样本个数远多于故障工况下的数据样本个数。基于此,采用GAN对故障数据集进行扩展,GAN原理[6]图1所示。
GAN原理在于训练生成器网络G和判别器网络D,使噪声Z通过生成器G生成假样本信号,让判别器判断输入信号来自真实样本集还是生成器生成的假信号,当高精度判别器无法判断输入来自生成器还是真实样本集时,即可认为生成器生成的信号与真实样本一致,从而利用已训练好的生成器实现数据集扩展。
GAN损失函数为
式中,Ev~μ为真实样本的数学期望;Eu~γ为生成器生成样本的数学期望。
VDG)训练的原理是:当生成器G一定时,对判别器模型D进行训练,使损失函数V(DG)D的值最大,同时,当判别器D一定时,对生成器G模型进行迭代,使损失函数V(DG)G的值最小。
基于GAN原理搭建生成器G,判别器D网络的结构如图2图3所示。
生成器GN个线性层+池化层+ReLu激活函数层连接构成,并在输出层前利用Tanh函数将数据映射到-1~1。判别器D是由N个线性层+ReLu激活函数层连接而成的前馈网络结构,且在输出层前利用Sigmoid函数将数据映射到0~1,表征输入信号的概率大小。
小波变换公式[7]
式中,CCTατ)为小波变换结果;ft)为原始时域信号;为不同尺度因子和平移量对应的小波基,其中α为尺度因子,τ为平移量。小波变换是一种高级信号处理技术,其在处理非平稳信号中具有独特优势,原理类似傅里叶变换,不同的是小波变换把三角基函数换成了小波基函数,这些基函数具有局部性、可伸缩性和可平移性。局部性使得小波变换可以更好地分析信号的局部特征。伸缩及平移运算则使得小波变换可以对信号进行多尺度分析,且各尺度的小波分量之间互不影响。基于小波变换在对非平稳信号特征提取方面的独特优势,本文采用小波变换对信号进行特征提取。但小波变换方法只能从低频的角度出发表征以低频信息为主的时域信号,以三层小波变换分解树为例,如图4所示。
图4可知,小波变换只对信号的低频成分进行了层层分解。而小波包变换[8]则兼顾高频和低频成分,对信号的高、低频成分同时进行提取。例如,三层小波包变换分解树如图5所示。
图5可以看到,三层小波包分解可以同时对信号的高频及低频成分进行特征提取。故为充分提取齿轮箱故障时域信号的高频及低频特征信息,本文将采用db3小波对时域信号进行3层小波包分解,得到8个频段的小波包分解系数,计算8个频段的系数和大小,并将其作为信号的故障特征。
对信号特征提取完成后,需要基于特征对信号进行分类与识别。由于BP神经网络的高精度非线性拟合能力,本文采用由多隐含层构成的BP神经网络对特征提取后的信号进行分类与识别,BP神经网络原理[9]图6所示。
基于多传感数据融合及GAN的故障诊断方法步骤如下:
Step 1:采集齿轮箱上若干个不同位置的振动加速度传感器信号。
Step 2:对多个传感器信号基于峭度准则进行数据融合,获得融合后的综合时域信号。
Step 3:对综合时域信号进行小波包变换,提取各频段的能量特征。
Step 4:将能量特征输入到BP神经网络(由带有GAN生成数据的已扩展数据集训练而成)中进行故障识别,判断齿轮箱的运行工况。
算法的具体流程如图7所示。
利用旋转机械故障植入试验平台采集数据进行试验验证,试验台结构如图8所示,在采样点A、B、C处分别布置3个加速度振动传感器,分别采集正常工况,点蚀-点蚀复合故障、裂纹-点蚀复合故障、断齿-点蚀复合故障下齿轮箱的振动信号,其中点蚀故障的齿轮与裂纹故障的齿轮分别如图9图10所示。
采集过程中,为模拟数据集不平衡情况,以8 192 Hz为采样频率对正常工况下的齿轮箱采集20 s的数据,对点蚀-点蚀、裂纹-点蚀、断齿-点蚀故障工况下的齿轮箱采集10 s的数据。齿轮箱各参数以及试验时转速参数如表1所示。将3个传感器采集到的数据以峭度准则融合为一个综合时域信号,并以1 024个点为标准制作样本数据集,得到的各类型样本个数如表2所示,其中各类型故障时域及频域信号如图11图12所示,且各类型故障时域信号参数如表3所示。
利用GAN对点蚀-点蚀、裂纹-点蚀以及断齿-点蚀复合故障的样本进行数据扩展,扩展后点蚀-点蚀故障时域信号、裂纹-点蚀故障时域信号以及断齿-点蚀故障时域信号的频谱与真实信号频谱对比如图13~图15所示。
图13可以看到,真实样本中转频成分24 Hz明显,而其点蚀-点蚀复合故障特征为在1/4啮合频率处的频率成分及其边带成分。而生成样本频谱虽与真实样本有差异,但其转频成分以及故障特征频率成分与真实样本一致;由图14可以看到,生成器生成的信号中转频成分以及1/2啮合频率成分与真实样本一致;而由图15可以看到,真实样本与生成样本中均存在1/2啮合频率成分,以及1/4啮合频率成分。同时,对5组真实信号、5组GAN生成信号,采用db3小波包变换并提取各频段能量系数作为信号特征,其点蚀-点蚀复合故障、裂纹-点蚀复合故障、断齿-点蚀复合故障的特征集对比分别如图16~图18所示。对比不同故障类型信号的特征集可以发现,从每一列的角度上看同一故障类型不同样本的信号中真实信号与GAN生成信号的特征值基本保持一致,可以从特征提取的角度上表明GAN生成信号的有效性。
除频域分析、特征提取分析外,为更充分地证明GAN生成信号的有效性,从时域的角度对真实信号与GAN生成信号进行宏观分析,各故障类型真实时域信号与生成的时域信号如图19~图21所示。
从时域信号上可以看到,各故障类型的GAN生成信号与真实信号基本一致,综合频域分析、特征提取分析以及各故障类型真实信号与GAN生成信号的时域信号对比,可认为生成器生成的点蚀-点蚀、裂纹-点蚀及断齿-点蚀故障的样本是有效的。利用生成器生成的信号对表2进行扩展,将各类型样本个数比例扩充为1:1:1:1,扩充后的样本个数如表4所示。
对扩充后的样本数据集采用db3小波对数据进行3层小波分解,并提取各频段能量系数作为信号特征,以各类型故障信号的第一频段能量系数特征值(能量系数特征值1)为纵坐标,样本数为横坐标形成的特征曲线如图22所示。
将提取到的4个类型的信号特征(8个特征值为输入层,4种类型为输出层)输入到BP神经网络中进行训练,将一共640个样本以7:1.5:1.5的比例划分训练集、验证集以及测试集对BP神经网络进行训练,训练求得的损失函数及梯度如图23图24所示。
BP神经网络训练完成后,为验证多传感器数据融合背景下BP神经网络模型的真实故障诊断识别率,采用随机不均匀比例的测试集(13:22:18:21)对网络模型进行测试,以更合理地获得BP神经网络模型的准确性,获得混淆的矩阵如图25所示。
混淆矩阵表征了网络模型对测试集进行分类的效果。由图25可以看到,测试数据集中不同类型信号的特征识别率均在95%以上,总体识别率为98.6%,由此可以得出:该BP神经网络模型对不同信号特征的识别率高达98.6%,验证了本文所提方法的正确性,表明本方法实现了在数据集不平衡条件下基于多传感器信号的高精度故障诊断。同时,为验证多传感器数据融合的有效性以及体现GAN在所述方法中的作用,首先对单一采样点A处的信号进行特征提取,然后利用GAN对数据集进行扩展,获得的BP神经网络模型测试集混淆矩阵如图26所示。
图26可以看到,仅通过测点A的单一传感器数据获得的BP神经网络模型的识别率仅为89.9%,且有多个样本出现了误判的情况,其故障识别率远低于多传感器数据融合后训练所得的BP神经网络模型。由此结果可知,相对单传感器数据生成的故障诊断模型,基于多传感器数据融合后所获得的故障诊断模型故障识别率更高。同时,考虑多传感器数据融合后不采用GAN对数据集进行补充的情况,用少量故障类型数据训练获得的BP神经网络测试集混淆矩阵图如图27所示。
图27可以看到,若不采用GAN对数据集进行扩展,在复合故障样本较少且数据集不平衡条件下获得的BP神经网络测试集的准确率仅为78.3%。这说明小样本条件下BP神经网络模型的训练不够彻底,生成的BP神经网络模型准确率较低。综上所述,本文所阐述方法的必要性及有效性得到了进行一步验证。
现有的基于多传感器信号实现故障诊断的方法层出不穷,本文先采用峭度指标对多传感器数据进行融合处理,而后利用GAN扩展数据集对复合故障进行诊断。基于文中所述的试验结果,可以得出结论如下:
1)提出的一种基于峭度指标的多传感器数据融合方法,可以突出多传感器时域信号融合后综合时域信号的故障敏感特征,提高了故障诊断模型的分类精度。
2)采用GAN生成对抗神经网络可以很好地解决大量故障样本数据集难以获取导致的数据集不平衡问题,基于GAN扩展的数据集可以得到高精度的故障诊断模型。
3)在复合故障背景下,本文所述的基于多传感器数据融合及GAN的齿轮箱故障诊断方法,可以对齿轮箱的不同故障运行状态进行很好地分类。
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2025年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.005
  • 接收时间:2023-10-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-07
  • 修回日期:2023-12-06
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    武汉理工大学 机电工程学院,武汉 430070

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宋春生(通信作者),男,1981年生,河北唐山人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为机械振动主动控制;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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