Article(id=1241049264147722351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241049258309251153, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1695657600000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773818802153, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1749916800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773818802153, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773818802153, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773818802153, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241049258309251153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773818800761, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773819014967, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241050156821434987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241049258309251153, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241050156821434988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241049258309251153, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=66, endPage=71, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241049264546181238, articleId=1241049264147722351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Research on free vibration characteristics of thin plate structures based on improved Fourier series, columnId=1228282191914926752, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=Vibration·Noise·Monitoring·Diagnosis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the problem of structural vibration modeling and characteristic analysis of rectangular sheets under arbitrary boundary conditions, an improved Fourier series method was proposed.Based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method, the allowable function of vibration displacement of thin plates was expressed as a linear combination of double Fourier cosine series function and auxiliary series function, which effectively avoided the possible discontinuities or singularities of the traditional Fourier series at the boundary. Firstly, the variational equation of the sheet vibration model was established by using the Hamilton energy variational principle, and the energy expressions in the equation were calculated and the displacement tolerance function was brought in. Secondly, the variational solution of the unknown Fourier coefficient was carried out to obtain the matrix equation of the model. The matrix equation was solved by numerical calculation method to obtain the free vibration frequency and eigenvector of the thin plate. Finally, the classical boundary conditions and elastic boundary conditions were used as examples to calculate and analyze. The calculation efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method were verified by comparison with the results of finite element simulation and existing literature. Additionally, the influence of the aspect ratio and constrained the spring stiffness coefficient on the vibration characteristics of the thin plate was discussed.

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LIU Fang, E-mail:
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针对在任意边界条件下矩形薄板的结构振动建模和特性分析问题,提出了一种改进的傅里叶级数法。基于Rayleigh-Ritz法,将薄板振动位移容许函数表示为双傅里叶余弦级数函数和辅助级数函数的线性组合,有效避免了传统傅里叶级数在边界处可能存在的不连续或奇异问题。首先,利用Hamilton能量变分原理建立了薄板振动模型的变分方程,计算得到方程内各项能量表达式并代入位移容许函数。其次,对其中的未知傅里叶系数进行变分求解得到模型的矩阵方程,通过数值计算方法求解矩阵方程得到薄板自由振动频率和特征向量。最后,以经典边界条件和弹性边界条件为典型算例进行了计算分析,并与有限元仿真结果及已有文献对比验证了所提方法的计算高效性、准确性。另外,讨论了薄板长宽比和约束弹簧刚度系数对薄板振动特性的影响。

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刘放(通信作者),男,1974年生,四川眉山人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为智能装备优化设计、动力学控制;E-mail:
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吴宝宁,男,2001年生,四川巴中人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为结构振动与动力学控制;E-mail:

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Mechanism and Machine Theory2022167:104542., articleTitle=Dynamic coupling vibration of rotating shaft-disc-blade system:modeling,mechanism analysis and numerical study, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241049274788671745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241049274813837570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, companyId=1241049274788671745, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241049274822226179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, companyId=1241049274788671745, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西南交通大学 机械工程学院,成都 610031)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241049276529307913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241049276567056649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, companyId=1241049276529307913, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Tangshan Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Tangshan 063000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241049276575445258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, companyId=1241049276529307913, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西南交通大学 唐山研究院,唐山 063000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241049282791403968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Rectangular thin plate with elastic boundary constraints, figureFileSmall=i1K2DRbdrGq3g9tQPWfR7Q==, figureFileBig=mwj0FN3RS27/vXAwRS4Frg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049282921427401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, language=CN, label=图1, caption=弹性边界约束的矩形薄板, figureFileSmall=i1K2DRbdrGq3g9tQPWfR7Q==, figureFileBig=mwj0FN3RS27/vXAwRS4Frg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049283424743900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Vibration mode of the C-C-C-C thin plate obtained by the proposed method, figureFileSmall=jCxctm2EfoDpFePJ2csG6w==, figureFileBig=EzcLBMifH8nJzmqtNHkQ3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049283605098984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, language=CN, label=图2, caption=文中提出方法得到的C-C-C-C薄板振型, figureFileSmall=jCxctm2EfoDpFePJ2csG6w==, figureFileBig=EzcLBMifH8nJzmqtNHkQ3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049285198934512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Vibration mode of the C-C-C-C thin plate obtained by finite element method, figureFileSmall=VArJv5aQpn6RfBPzEaHkHw==, figureFileBig=Fie8lpW3llMYGe9Hw1weCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049285484147191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, language=CN, label=图3, caption=有限元方法得到的C-C-C-C薄板振型, figureFileSmall=VArJv5aQpn6RfBPzEaHkHw==, figureFileBig=Fie8lpW3llMYGe9Hw1weCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049285777748480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Relation between the spring stiffness value and the boundary condition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件
Boundary condition
CSFE
k/(N/m)5×1075×10700~5×107
K/(N∙m/rad)5×107000~5×107
), ArticleFig(id=1241049285979075080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

约束弹簧刚度值与边界条件关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件
Boundary condition
CSFE
k/(N/m)5×1075×10700~5×107
K/(N∙m/rad)5×107000~5×107
), ArticleFig(id=1241049286176207371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Dimension one frequency of the C-C-C-C rectangular thin plate with different number of truncated terms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
M=N量纲一频率 Dimension one frequency
12345
536.27374.16174.161109.73135.37
636.08573.99973.999109.73132.84
836.02373.61873.618108.79132.05
1035.99673.47373.473108.42131.73
1235.98873.40773.407108.28131.57
1335.98673.39973.399108.22131.56
1435.98573.39473.394108.21131.56
1535.98573.39473.394108.21131.56
FEM35.98573.39273.392108.21131.58
参考文献
Reference
35.98573.39373.393108.21131.58
), ArticleFig(id=1241049286394311188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同截断项数下C-C-C-C矩形薄板量纲一频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
M=N量纲一频率 Dimension one frequency
12345
536.27374.16174.161109.73135.37
636.08573.99973.999109.73132.84
836.02373.61873.618108.79132.05
1035.99673.47373.473108.42131.73
1235.98873.40773.407108.28131.57
1335.98673.39973.399108.22131.56
1435.98573.39473.394108.21131.56
1535.98573.39473.394108.21131.56
FEM35.98573.39273.392108.21131.58
参考文献
Reference
35.98573.39373.393108.21131.58
), ArticleFig(id=1241049286578860572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Dimension one frequency of the C-F-F-F rectangular plate with different aspect ratios

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
r=a/b量纲一频率 Dimension one frequency
12345
1.03.4728.51221.28927.20530.978
3.470a8.504a21.279a27.201a30.948a
3.471b8.506b21.283b27.199b30.953b
1.53.45611.67321.47739.37153.568
3.453a11.654a21.283a39.319a53.544a
2.03.44314.84021.44848.24960.195
3.439a14.800a21.430a48.171a60.143a
2.53.43218.03321.41357.32260.173
3.427a17.960a21.392a57.209a60.115a
), ArticleFig(id=1241049286788575779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同长宽比下的C-F-F-F矩形板量纲一频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
r=a/b量纲一频率 Dimension one frequency
12345
1.03.4728.51221.28927.20530.978
3.470a8.504a21.279a27.201a30.948a
3.471b8.506b21.283b27.199b30.953b
1.53.45611.67321.47739.37153.568
3.453a11.654a21.283a39.319a53.544a
2.03.44314.84021.44848.24960.195
3.439a14.800a21.430a48.171a60.143a
2.53.43218.03321.41357.32260.173
3.427a17.960a21.392a57.209a60.115a
), ArticleFig(id=1241049287006679601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Dimension one frequency of the C-S-S-F rectangular plate with different aspect ratios

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
r=a/b量纲一频率 Dimension one frequency
12345
1.016.81031.17152.44964.11467.661
16.785a31.115a51.392a64.016a67.549a
16.791b31.112b51.402b64.021b67.551b
1.518.51450.55153.57089.015107.92
18.463a50.409a53.453a88.682a107.65a
2.020.65856.42277.509111.02117.49
20.577a56.265a77.316a110.69a117.24a
2.523.10859.867112.08114.72153.29
22.997a59.705a111.90a114.54a153.06a
), ArticleFig(id=1241049287111537208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049264147722351, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同长宽比下的C-S-S-F矩形板量纲一频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
r=a/b量纲一频率 Dimension one frequency
12345
1.016.81031.17152.44964.11467.661
16.785a31.115a51.392a64.016a67.549a
16.791b31.112b51.402b64.021b67.551b
1.518.51450.55153.57089.015107.92
18.463a50.409a53.453a88.682a107.65a
2.020.65856.42277.509111.02117.49
20.577a56.265a77.316a110.69a117.24a
2.523.10859.867112.08114.72153.29
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Dimension one frequency of the C-F-F-F rectangular plate with different rotational stiffness levels

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107.81312.32628.43132.72935.967
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Dimension one frequency of the C-F-F-F rectangular plate with different lateral stiffness levels

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5.534a10.498a27.802a31.988a35.312a
107.81412.32628.43232.72935.967
7.796a12.308a28.404a32.705a35.945a
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5.534a10.498a27.802a31.988a35.312a
107.81412.32628.43232.72935.967
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10015.04221.82333.83539.14041.913
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Dimension one frequency of the E-E-E-E rectangular plate with different aspect ratio

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1.017.51125.29725.29733.90046.288
17.509a25.292a25.292a33.893a46.285a
17.474b25.231b25.231b33.797b46.265b
1.520.71927.45935.43644.71547.696
20.718a27.455a35.433a44.712a47.694a
20.664b27.367b35.360b44.598b47.626b
2.023.21829.35048.77450.24060.026
23.217a29.346a48.772a50.239a60.024a
2.525.37531.07349.81470.38180.412
25.374a31.096a49.812a70.381a80.411a
3.027.32332.67850.82494.18795.857
27.323a32.675a50.822a94.186a95.857a
3.529.12434.19551.80894.718126.54
29.123a34.192a51.807a94.717a126.54a
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不同长宽比下的E-E-E-E矩形板量纲一频率

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r=a/b量纲一频率 Dimension one frequency
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基于改进傅里叶级数的薄板结构自由振动特性研究
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吴宝宁 1 , 刘放 1 , 董蓉 2 , 聂少卿 1 , 刘亚飞 1
机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025,47(6): 66-71
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机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025, 47(6): 66-71
基于改进傅里叶级数的薄板结构自由振动特性研究
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吴宝宁1 , 刘放1 , 董蓉2, 聂少卿1, 刘亚飞1
作者信息
  • 1.西南交通大学 机械工程学院,成都 610031
  • 2.西南交通大学 唐山研究院,唐山 063000
  • 吴宝宁,男,2001年生,四川巴中人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为结构振动与动力学控制;E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘放(通信作者),男,1974年生,四川眉山人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为智能装备优化设计、动力学控制;E-mail:
Research on free vibration characteristics of thin plate structures based on improved Fourier series
Baoning WU1 , Fang LIU1 , Rong DONG2, Shaoqing NIE1, Yafei LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
  • 2.Tangshan Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Tangshan 063000, China
出版时间: 2025-06-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.008
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针对在任意边界条件下矩形薄板的结构振动建模和特性分析问题,提出了一种改进的傅里叶级数法。基于Rayleigh-Ritz法,将薄板振动位移容许函数表示为双傅里叶余弦级数函数和辅助级数函数的线性组合,有效避免了传统傅里叶级数在边界处可能存在的不连续或奇异问题。首先,利用Hamilton能量变分原理建立了薄板振动模型的变分方程,计算得到方程内各项能量表达式并代入位移容许函数。其次,对其中的未知傅里叶系数进行变分求解得到模型的矩阵方程,通过数值计算方法求解矩阵方程得到薄板自由振动频率和特征向量。最后,以经典边界条件和弹性边界条件为典型算例进行了计算分析,并与有限元仿真结果及已有文献对比验证了所提方法的计算高效性、准确性。另外,讨论了薄板长宽比和约束弹簧刚度系数对薄板振动特性的影响。

改进傅里叶级数  /  弹性边界  /  薄板结构  /  Hamilton原理  /  Rayleigh-Ritz法

Aiming at the problem of structural vibration modeling and characteristic analysis of rectangular sheets under arbitrary boundary conditions, an improved Fourier series method was proposed.Based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method, the allowable function of vibration displacement of thin plates was expressed as a linear combination of double Fourier cosine series function and auxiliary series function, which effectively avoided the possible discontinuities or singularities of the traditional Fourier series at the boundary. Firstly, the variational equation of the sheet vibration model was established by using the Hamilton energy variational principle, and the energy expressions in the equation were calculated and the displacement tolerance function was brought in. Secondly, the variational solution of the unknown Fourier coefficient was carried out to obtain the matrix equation of the model. The matrix equation was solved by numerical calculation method to obtain the free vibration frequency and eigenvector of the thin plate. Finally, the classical boundary conditions and elastic boundary conditions were used as examples to calculate and analyze. The calculation efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method were verified by comparison with the results of finite element simulation and existing literature. Additionally, the influence of the aspect ratio and constrained the spring stiffness coefficient on the vibration characteristics of the thin plate was discussed.

Improved Fourier series  /  Elastic boundary  /  Thin plate structure  /  Hamilton principle  /  Rayleigh-Ritz method
吴宝宁, 刘放, 董蓉, 聂少卿, 刘亚飞. 基于改进傅里叶级数的薄板结构自由振动特性研究. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (6) : 66 -71 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.008
Baoning WU, Fang LIU, Rong DONG, Shaoqing NIE, Yafei LIU. Research on free vibration characteristics of thin plate structures based on improved Fourier series[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (6) : 66 -71 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.008
矩形薄板结构广泛应用于现代科学技术的各个领域,如航空航天、船舶、电磁弹射、隧道设备、轨道交通等。薄板的振动不仅会影响自身动力稳定性,还会对周遭相连的机构产生未知的影响。因此,对于薄板结构的振动特性研究尤为重要。国内外学者对此做了大量的研究。LI[1]619-635引入了一种由三角函数和任意连续函数构成的容许函数对弹性支撑板的模态特性进行了研究。XUE等[2]针对中厚层复合材料板提出了一种改进的傅里叶级数方法,研究了层合板的动态响应。LI等[3]254-269通过将位移函数表示为二维傅里叶级数并辅以几个一维傅里叶级数,提出了一种用于弹性约束边界条件矩形板振动分析的方法。杜圆等[4]70-76改进了傅里叶级数方法来克服传统傅里叶级数在边界处可能存在不连续的问题。REDDY[5]基于Mindlin剪切变形理论与冯卡门理论,研究了带矩形切口矩形板的大振幅弯曲振动问题。CHO等[6]使用假设模态法及拉格朗日运动方程对具有不同开口形状的板块固有振动进行了研究。O'BOY等[7]应用Rayleigh-Ritz法预测矩形板的固有频率,与已有文献的结论进行比较,具有很好的一致性。YUAN等[8]通过在板间及边界处引入弹簧约束的概念简化了组合板偏转函数的选取。柴玉阳等[9]采用特征正交多项式表述位移容许函数,利用Rayleigh-Ritz法获得弹性边界约束矩形板的固有频率和振型,并与有限元及试验结果进行对比,验证了该理论方法的正确性和可靠性。AKSU等[10]基于有限差分法研究了中心开口矩形板的振动特性。王青山等[11-12]采用能量原理建立了结构的能量泛函,将板的面内振动问题转化为一个标准特征值求解。涂建新等[13]利用FPK方程法研究了电磁环境中的简支圆板的非线性振动问题。王献忠等[14-15]基于缩聚传递函数法建立了耦合板的数值求解模型,并通过模态叠加法求解各子结构的振动响应,进而获得耦合在整体坐标系下的振动特性。YANG等[16]在拉格朗日方程和连续梁理论的基础上对复杂系统的耦合振动进行了分析与计算。上述学者对于经典类型的边界问题进行了大量的研究,少有对弹性支承薄板结构的求解研究。
本文基于Rayleigh-Ritz法构建薄板位移容许函数,并利用Hamilton原理建立了薄板振动方程并化简成矩阵形式,通过求解该矩阵方程即可得到矩形薄板自由振动频率和振型。以数值计算算例说明改进傅里叶级数方法应用于薄板振动特性分析的有效性。另外,对薄板不同长宽比、不同弹簧刚度系数进行参数化研究,以讨论薄板振动特性与各参数之间的关系。
研究对象如图1所示,薄板边界条件通过位移约束弹簧k和旋转约束弹簧K来描述。k=K=0时,代表当前边界条件为自由边界;k=K=∞时,代表固支边界。在实际计算中,当需要考虑刚度值趋于无限大的状态时,采用一个较大的数值表示,根据文献[3]260-262取值为5.0×107。如表1所示,通过改变约束弹簧的刚度(设为极大值或极小值),可以模拟各种经典边界条件。表1中,C(Clamped)代表固支;S(Simple)代表简支;F(Free)代表自由边界;E(Elastic)代表弹性边界。
薄板的自由振动微分方程为
式中,Δ2=∂4/∂x4+∂4/∂x2y2+∂4/∂y4w(xy)为弯曲位移函数;ρ为材料密度;h为材料板厚;ω为角频率;D为抗弯刚度,D=Eh3/[12(1-γ2)],E为材料弹性模量,γ为泊松比。
直接求解式(1)会引入超越方程的求解,其过程十分烦琐。因此,考虑使用Rayleigh-Ritz法构造有限级数形式的近似弯曲位移容许函数,按照边界条件来选取位移容许函数。
传统傅里叶级数方法在边界处可能存在不连续或奇异的问题,这是因为传统傅里叶级数实际上可能不会收敛于在边界处的真实位移值[1]619-635。本文将以双傅里叶余弦级数函数和辅助级数函数线性组合的形式来构建位移函数,表征为式(2)。辅助函数的引入可以有效克服弹性边界的不连续,并可以保证位移函数在求解域内任意点的3阶、4阶导数均存在。
式中,p(xy)为定义在x∈[0,a],y∈[0,b]上的一组平滑的辅助函数,使得该函数的3阶导数存在并在板上任一点都是连续的。引入辅助函数的目的是消除边界处第1、第3阶导数可能存在的不连续或跳跃,并且在之后的运算过程中辅助函数不能影响傅里叶系数的求解。本文将以三角函数的形式来进行选择,并保证在边界处的补充函数及其2阶导数不全为零,否则会使得K在边界处无效。式(2)中p(xy)表示为
其中,基于三角函数的辅助多项式可表示为
式(2)、式(3)中,AmnBmCn为未知傅里叶系数;ab分别为板的长、宽;λm=mπ/aλn=nπ/b;简谐因子eiωt用以描述薄板挠度随时间的变化;MN均为傅里叶级数截断项数,取值越高,求得的解越接近真实数值。
对于图1给出的矩形薄板模型,该模型的Hamilton变分方程为
式中,V为结构总势能;T为结构总动能;W为外力所做功。本文仅研究板的自由振动,外力不做功,W=0。其中总势能包含了板的弯曲应变能VP,以及边界处的弹性势能VS,即
薄板弯曲应变能及边界弹性势能如式(7)、式(8)所示:
式中,kx0kxax=0、x=a边界上横向位移约束弹簧刚度值;ky0kyby=0、y=b边界上横向位移约束弹簧刚度值;Kx0Kxax=0、x=a边界上旋转位移约束弹簧刚度值;Ky0Kyby=0、y=b边界上旋转位移约束弹簧刚度值。
薄板系统总动能表示为
将式(6)~式(9)代入到Hamilton变分方程(5)中,对未知傅里叶系数变分可得
化为矩阵方程:
式中,K为薄板刚度矩阵,K=KP+KSKP为薄板应变能刚度矩阵,KS为薄板边界弹簧势能刚度矩阵;M为薄板质量矩阵;X为未知的傅里叶系数矩阵,X可表示为
为验证本文提出方法的精确性和有效性,经数值计算验证,在弹簧刚度达到107量级时,薄板振动频率随着刚度系数的增加而变化的量较小,通过与文献[3]260-261、文献[4]72-73中所设基本参数进行比对,弹簧刚度系数无限大时,可以用一个较大的数字5.0×107表示;材料密度ρ=7 850 kg/m3,弹性模量E=2.1×1011 Pa,泊松比γ=0.3。通过式子计算量纲一频率Ω。同时使用有限元方法进行求解,并进行对比分析。
级数展开式(2)在数值计算中必须被截断,其截断项数的大小对于求解精度有很大的影响,有必要对其进行收敛性分析。选取长宽比为1的矩形板,在C-C-C-C的边界条件下,矩形板各边均固支,板长a=1 m,厚度为h=0.002 m。
表2所示为截断项数依次从5增加到15时矩形薄板的前5阶量纲一频率,并与文献[3]261-265及有限元仿真结果进行横向对比分析。由表2可知,在截断项数达到14后,算例的薄板量纲一频率已趋于不变,表明本计算方法已收敛,后续将使用截断项数M=N=14来进行计算。
对于表2中截断项数M=N=14的模态频率,将求解到对应的各阶特征向量代入到相应阶次的傅里叶展开系数,并最终代入到式(2)所表示的近似位移函数,即可得到模态振型。将它与有限元模态振型结果进行比对,如图2图3所示。
表3所示为薄板振动特性对应薄板在x=0处固支,并在其余边界处自由。表4所示为薄板振动特性对应薄板在x=0固支,在x=a自由,在其余边界简支。通过Rayleigh-Ritz变分法化为矩阵方程并求解特征值即可得到前5阶频率的数值结果。对于具有不同长宽比的薄板进行了对比,如表3表4所示。数值计算结果表明,在经典边界条件下,矩形薄板量纲一频率随着长宽比的增加而递增。
以上数据表明,数值计算结果数据与仿真结果数据及已有文献数据非常吻合,证明了本文方法的有效性、准确性,且相对于文献[1]619-635中给出的数据有明显的改进,相对于文献[3]254-269的改进傅里叶级数方法更为简洁、运算简单。
对于具有不同刚度的位移约束弹簧,以及旋转约束弹簧进行分析。第1个例子将弹性约束添加到x=ay=b,横向弹簧的刚度固定在ka3/D=10,旋转约束弹簧将在以下4个不同刚度水平考虑:Ka/D=1、10、100、1 000;第2个例子将弹性约束添加到x=ay=b,旋转弹簧的刚度固定在Ka/D=10,横向约束弹簧将在以下4个不同刚度水平考虑:ka3/D=1、10、100、1 000。以上算例均采用长宽比为1来计算,相应的振动频率如表5表6所示。
考虑所有边界均为弹性边界的情况下,对具有不同长宽比的薄板进行数值计算。横向约束弹簧和旋转约束弹簧刚度选择为ka/D=100和Ka/D=1 000,并考虑长宽比a/b从1递增变化到3.5。计算结果表明,在薄板所有边界均为弹性边界的情况下,薄板量纲一频率随着长宽比的增加也持续增加,如表7所示。
提出了一种适用于任意边界条件下矩形薄板振动特性分析的一般分析方法。薄板的弯曲位移表示为傅里叶级数与辅助函数的线性组合,利用Hamilton原理求解了薄板振动方程并化简成矩阵形式,求解该矩阵方程即可得到矩形薄板自由振动频率和振型。通过与已有报道的文献以及有限元数值结果进行对比,验证了所提方法的有效性,得到了以下主要结论:
1)经典边界条件下的计算结果与已有文献及有限元解相当吻合,验证了本文所提方法的有效性、准确性。在矩形薄板四边均为经典边界条件的情况下,薄板振动的各阶量纲一频率随着长宽比的增加总体呈现上升趋势。
2)计算结果表明,在经典边界条件和弹性边界条件的组合下,薄板振动的各阶量纲一频率随着弹簧刚度的增加呈现上升趋势,阶数越高,趋势越明显;在完全弹性边界条件下,随着长宽比的增加,薄板频率逐渐增大。
3)本文方法快捷可靠,能对不同尺寸参数、弹性边界条件的薄板结构进行求解。
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2025年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.008
  • 接收时间:2023-09-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-26
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    1.西南交通大学 机械工程学院,成都 610031
    2.西南交通大学 唐山研究院,唐山 063000

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刘放(通信作者),男,1974年生,四川眉山人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为智能装备优化设计、动力学控制;E-mail:
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