Article(id=1241049263254327711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241049258309251153, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1696435200000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-05, revisedDate=1703692800000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773818801939, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1749916800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773818801939, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773818801939, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773818801939, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241049258309251153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773818800761, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773819014967, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241050156821434987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241049258309251153, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241050156821434988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241049258309251153, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=118, endPage=123, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241049263824753061, articleId=1241049263254327711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Research on the penetration resistance characteristic of 2024-T42 aluminum alloy tube to spherical steel projectile, columnId=1228282192162390694, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=Experimental Research·Testing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the penetration resistance of aluminum alloy tubes under spherical steel projectile impact, focusing on the effects of varying tube radii and wall thicknesses on ballistic limit velocity, providing a foundation for tube protection design. A finite element model of spherical steel projectile penetration into 2024-T42 aluminum alloy targets was established using Ansys/Workbench software and the Johnson-Cook material model, which was then verified. Simulations of the response characteristics of aluminum alloy tubes with different radii and wall thicknesses under normal impact of spherical steel projectiles were conducted, along with an analysis of tube deformation and damage. The study found that the penetration resistance of the upper and lower walls of aluminum alloy tubes differs, with the upper convex structure outperforming the lower concave structure. A smaller tube radius enhances the penetration resistance of the upper wall, while for tubes of the same radius,increasing the wall thickness leads to a roughly linear increase in the ballistic limit velocity of both upper and lower walls.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Tian Lu, E-mail:
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针对铝合金圆管在球形钢弹冲击时的抗侵彻性能,探讨不同半径和壁厚对其弹道极限速度的影响,从而为圆管的防护设计提供依据。基于Ansys/Workbench软件和Johnson-Cook材料模型建立了球形钢弹侵彻2024-T42铝合金靶板的有限元模型,并验证了该模型的有效性。此外,模拟了不同半径、壁厚的铝合金圆管在球形钢弹正向冲击下的响应特性,并分析了圆管的变形及损伤。结果表明,铝合金圆管上、下侧管壁抗侵彻能力不同,上侧上凸结构优于下侧下凹结构。圆管半径越小,上侧管壁抗侵彻性能越好;半径相同壁厚增加时,上、下管壁弹道极限速度近似线性增长。

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田璐(通信作者),女,1992年生,山西太谷人,硕士,助理工程师;主要研究方向为冲击动力学;E-mail:
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王立纲,男,1986年生,山东济南人,硕士,高级工程师;主要研究方向为航空器适航与维修;E-mail:

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王立纲,男,1986年生,山东济南人,硕士,高级工程师;主要研究方向为航空器适航与维修;E-mail:

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王立纲,男,1986年生,山东济南人,硕士,高级工程师;主要研究方向为航空器适航与维修;E-mail:

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language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=侵彻性能), Keyword(id=1241049277477212818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=弹道极限速度), Keyword(id=1241049277603041943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=数值仿真)], refs=[Reference(id=1241049287023448997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=67, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=吴妍, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴妍. 2024铝合金耐腐蚀性能与力学性能研究[D]. 银川:宁夏大学,2022:1-67., articleTitle=2024铝合金耐腐蚀性能与力学性能研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241049287128306605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, 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Structure & Environment Engineering201946(3):27-33.(In Chinese), articleTitle=The ballistic performance of 2024-T42 aluminum plate subjected to impact by spherical projectile, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241049286595629974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, awardId=ZJ2023-009; J2023-003, language=EN, fundingSource=Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(ZJ2023-009; J2023-003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241049286826316701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, awardId=ZJ2023-009; J2023-003, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(ZJ2023-009; J2023-003), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241049269503840788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241049269524812313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241049269793247783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, companyId=1241049269780664868, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国民用航空飞行学院 飞机修理厂,广汉 618307)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241049277842117276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Finite element model of projectile and target, figureFileSmall=qcUssbSO1ea0w+f9fIdmgQ==, figureFileBig=cI5X9e0i+wOdbJpH+0h1xA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049277955363491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, label=图1, caption=弹靶有限元模型, figureFileSmall=qcUssbSO1ea0w+f9fIdmgQ==, figureFileBig=cI5X9e0i+wOdbJpH+0h1xA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049278378988209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Comparison of simulation between reference [20]27-33 and the article, figureFileSmall=sloNirrgG9+6pMtaEo9V5A==, figureFileBig=sh/1CO3NBkVPenFslUt93A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049278521594549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, label=图2, caption=文献[20]27-33和本文模拟仿真对比, figureFileSmall=sloNirrgG9+6pMtaEo9V5A==, figureFileBig=sh/1CO3NBkVPenFslUt93A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049278706143933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Process of the projectile penetration circular tubes under initial velocity of 300 m/s, figureFileSmall=BJzCC56j9Eq5Bfa4TKZ0tA==, figureFileBig=oolE1+szPkjJgFw8jNwm8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049278848750274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, label=图3, caption=初速度为300 m/s的弹体侵彻圆管的仿真过程, figureFileSmall=BJzCC56j9Eq5Bfa4TKZ0tA==, figureFileBig=oolE1+szPkjJgFw8jNwm8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049278945219273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Process of projectile impacting circular tubes with a radius of 50 mm under initial velocity of 300 m/s, figureFileSmall=AoxBDxPkk40o93flImlfCw==, figureFileBig=BbwqQ9yBTVgEGHbAZVXNEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049279020716754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, label=图4, caption=弹体以300 m/s初速度冲击半径50 mm圆管的仿真过程, figureFileSmall=AoxBDxPkk40o93flImlfCw==, figureFileBig=BbwqQ9yBTVgEGHbAZVXNEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049280765547234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Ballistic limit velocity of circular tubes with different radius, figureFileSmall=He3f8bLo/4Jg127MCwVFyQ==, figureFileBig=XmKFdSLCfi1h7iy+6EgrUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049281147228908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同圆管半径的弹道极限速度, figureFileSmall=He3f8bLo/4Jg127MCwVFyQ==, figureFileBig=XmKFdSLCfi1h7iy+6EgrUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049281340166904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Ballistic limit velocity of circular tubes with different thicknesses, figureFileSmall=K8XRyLOlsaHSlFpyp6yENA==, figureFileBig=hv3ohCN33JdOgLwLNzGmWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049281575047936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同圆管壁厚的弹道极限速度, figureFileSmall=K8XRyLOlsaHSlFpyp6yENA==, figureFileBig=hv3ohCN33JdOgLwLNzGmWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049281772180229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Material parameters of spherical steel projectile

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料
Material
密度
Density ρ/(kg/m3
弹性模量
Elasticity modulus E/GPa
泊松比
Poisson ratio ν
钢Steel7 8002100.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241049281902203662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

球形钢弹材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料
Material
密度
Density ρ/(kg/m3
弹性模量
Elasticity modulus E/GPa
泊松比
Poisson ratio ν
钢Steel7 8002100.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241049282028032791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Material parameters of the 2024-T42

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度Density
ρ/(kg/m3
弹性模量
Elasticity modulus E/GPa
泊松比
Poisson ratio ν
熔点温度
Melting temperature Tmelt/K
屈服强度
Yield strength A/MPa
2 70071.10.3775293
应变硬化系数Strain
hardening coefficient B/MPa
应变硬化指数
Strain hardening index n
应变率敏感系数
Strain rate sensitivity coefficient C
温度软化系数
Temperature softening coefficient M'
应变率
Strain rate ε0/s-1
7370.580.0413×10-4
材料常数
Material constant D1
应力影响常数
Stress influence constant D2
应力影响常数
Stress influence constant D3
应变率影响常数
Strain rate influence constant D4
温度影响常数
Temperature influence constant D5
0.040.36-1.9800
), ArticleFig(id=1241049282187416354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2024-T42材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度Density
ρ/(kg/m3
弹性模量
Elasticity modulus E/GPa
泊松比
Poisson ratio ν
熔点温度
Melting temperature Tmelt/K
屈服强度
Yield strength A/MPa
2 70071.10.3775293
应变硬化系数Strain
hardening coefficient B/MPa
应变硬化指数
Strain hardening index n
应变率敏感系数
Strain rate sensitivity coefficient C
温度软化系数
Temperature softening coefficient M'
应变率
Strain rate ε0/s-1
7370.580.0413×10-4
材料常数
Material constant D1
应力影响常数
Stress influence constant D2
应力影响常数
Stress influence constant D3
应变率影响常数
Strain rate influence constant D4
温度影响常数
Temperature influence constant D5
0.040.36-1.9800
), ArticleFig(id=1241049282434880301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

State equation parameters of the Gruneisen

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弹性波速
Elastic wave velocity V/(m/s)
斜率系数
Slope coefficient S1
Gruneisen系数
Gruneisen coefficient γ0
4 8681.342
), ArticleFig(id=1241049282518766388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Gruneisen状态方程参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
弹性波速
Elastic wave velocity V/(m/s)
斜率系数
Slope coefficient S1
Gruneisen系数
Gruneisen coefficient γ0
4 8681.342
), ArticleFig(id=1241049282690732860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Residual velocities of projectile penetrating circular tubes with different thicknesses and radius under initial velocity of 300 m/s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
R/mmδ/mm
56789
v1v2v1v2v1v2v1v2v1v2
30198.9111.8135.7-37.618.2-16.3-32.7*-41.2*
40211.5122.6157.8-35.688.3-27.9-38.1*-44.2*
50213.9130.3163.3-34.3100.5-31.2-46.3*-47.7*
60219.2135.4172.7-29.6108.4-33.7-48.2*-49.3*
70220.6139.5179.5-19.7117.6-33.7-51.4*-51.5*
), ArticleFig(id=1241049282858505030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

弹体以300 m/s的初速度侵彻不同壁厚和半径圆管的剩余速度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
R/mmδ/mm
56789
v1v2v1v2v1v2v1v2v1v2
30198.9111.8135.7-37.618.2-16.3-32.7*-41.2*
40211.5122.6157.8-35.688.3-27.9-38.1*-44.2*
50213.9130.3163.3-34.3100.5-31.2-46.3*-47.7*
60219.2135.4172.7-29.6108.4-33.7-48.2*-49.3*
70220.6139.5179.5-19.7117.6-33.7-51.4*-51.5*
), ArticleFig(id=1241049283017888586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Material parameters of projectile target

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材料参数
Material parameter
数值
Value
材料参数
Material parameter
数值
Value
mp/kg6.69×10-2cp/(m/s)5 187
D/m2.54×10-2ct/(m/s)4 868
ρp/(kg/m37 800Gt/GPa27.3
ρt/(kg/m32 700τu/MPa293
), ArticleFig(id=1241049283256963920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

弹靶材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料参数
Material parameter
数值
Value
材料参数
Material parameter
数值
Value
mp/kg6.69×10-2cp/(m/s)5 187
D/m2.54×10-2ct/(m/s)4 868
ρp/(kg/m37 800Gt/GPa27.3
ρt/(kg/m32 700τu/MPa293
), ArticleFig(id=1241049283441513302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Comparison of residual velocities of projectile penetrating the upper wall of circular tubes with different thicknesses

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
圆管壁厚
Thickness of tube δ/mm
计算速度
Calculation velocity/(m/s)
模拟速度
Simulation velocity/(m/s)
误差
Error/%
5215213.90.5
6175.9163.37.7
7117.5100.516.9
8-46.3
9-47.7
), ArticleFig(id=1241049283592508253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

弹体击穿不同壁厚圆管上壁后剩余速度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
圆管壁厚
Thickness of tube δ/mm
计算速度
Calculation velocity/(m/s)
模拟速度
Simulation velocity/(m/s)
误差
Error/%
5215213.90.5
6175.9163.37.7
7117.5100.516.9
8-46.3
9-47.7
), ArticleFig(id=1241049285186343778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Ballistic limit speed of circular tubes with different radius

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
圆管半径
Radius of tube R/mm
上表面击穿临界速度
Upper surface breakdown critical velocity velocity vbl1 /(m/s)
下表面击穿临界速度
Lower surface breakdown critical velocity vbl2 /(m/s)
弹道极限速度Ballistic limit velocity vbl /(m/s)
30211157.8268
40196.5166.5266
50185166.8265
60182.8167.7261.8
70181166.1260
), ArticleFig(id=1241049285484139371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同半径圆管的弹道极限速度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
圆管半径
Radius of tube R/mm
上表面击穿临界速度
Upper surface breakdown critical velocity velocity vbl1 /(m/s)
下表面击穿临界速度
Lower surface breakdown critical velocity vbl2 /(m/s)
弹道极限速度Ballistic limit velocity vbl /(m/s)
30211157.8268
40196.5166.5266
50185166.8265
60182.8167.7261.8
70181166.1260
), ArticleFig(id=1241049285760963441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Ballistic limit velocity of circular tubes with different thicknesses

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
圆管壁厚
Thickness of tube δ/mm
上表面击穿临界速度
Upper surface breakdown critical velocity vbl1/(m/s)
下表面击穿临界速度
Lower surface breakdown critical velocity vbl2/(m/s)
弹道极限速度
Ballistic limit velocity vbl/(m/s)
5185166.8265
6236.7200.9324.2
7275233.1376.7
8316.8262.5424.5
9349.9293.49463.7
), ArticleFig(id=1241049285979067256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同壁厚圆管的弹道极限速度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
圆管壁厚
Thickness of tube δ/mm
上表面击穿临界速度
Upper surface breakdown critical velocity vbl1/(m/s)
下表面击穿临界速度
Lower surface breakdown critical velocity vbl2/(m/s)
弹道极限速度
Ballistic limit velocity vbl/(m/s)
5185166.8265
6236.7200.9324.2
7275233.1376.7
8316.8262.5424.5
9349.9293.49463.7
), ArticleFig(id=1241049286155228030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=EN, label=Tab.9, caption=

Comparison of ballistic limit velocity of circular tubes with different thicknesses

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
圆管壁厚
Thickness of tube δ/mm
计算速度
Calculation velocity/(m/s)
模拟速度
Simulation velocity/(m/s)
误差
Error/%
5260.22651.8
6330.4324.21.9
7388.2376.73.1
8446.3424.55.1
9505.8463.79.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241049286385914759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049263254327711, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

不同壁厚圆管弹道极限速度的计算值与模拟值对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
圆管壁厚
Thickness of tube δ/mm
计算速度
Calculation velocity/(m/s)
模拟速度
Simulation velocity/(m/s)
误差
Error/%
5260.22651.8
6330.4324.21.9
7388.2376.73.1
8446.3424.55.1
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2024-T42铝合金圆管抗球形钢弹侵彻特性研究
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王立纲 1 , 王日晗 2 , 肖思维 2 , 田璐 3 , 董勤 1
机械强度 | 实验研究·测试技术 2025,47(6): 118-123
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机械强度 | 实验研究·测试技术 2025, 47(6): 118-123
2024-T42铝合金圆管抗球形钢弹侵彻特性研究
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王立纲1 , 王日晗2, 肖思维2, 田璐3 , 董勤1
作者信息
  • 1.中国民用航空飞行学院 广汉分院,广汉 618307
  • 2.中国民用航空飞行学院 航空工程学院,广汉 618307
  • 3.中国民用航空飞行学院 飞机修理厂,广汉 618307
  • 王立纲,男,1986年生,山东济南人,硕士,高级工程师;主要研究方向为航空器适航与维修;E-mail:

通讯作者:

田璐(通信作者),女,1992年生,山西太谷人,硕士,助理工程师;主要研究方向为冲击动力学;E-mail:
Research on the penetration resistance characteristic of 2024-T42 aluminum alloy tube to spherical steel projectile
Ligang WANG1 , Rihan WANG2, Siwei XIAO2, Lu TIAN3 , Qin DONG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Guanghan College, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
  • 2.Aeronautical Engineering College, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
  • 3.Aircraft Repair & Overhaul Plant, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
出版时间: 2025-06-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.014
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针对铝合金圆管在球形钢弹冲击时的抗侵彻性能,探讨不同半径和壁厚对其弹道极限速度的影响,从而为圆管的防护设计提供依据。基于Ansys/Workbench软件和Johnson-Cook材料模型建立了球形钢弹侵彻2024-T42铝合金靶板的有限元模型,并验证了该模型的有效性。此外,模拟了不同半径、壁厚的铝合金圆管在球形钢弹正向冲击下的响应特性,并分析了圆管的变形及损伤。结果表明,铝合金圆管上、下侧管壁抗侵彻能力不同,上侧上凸结构优于下侧下凹结构。圆管半径越小,上侧管壁抗侵彻性能越好;半径相同壁厚增加时,上、下管壁弹道极限速度近似线性增长。

铝合金圆管  /  球形钢弹  /  侵彻性能  /  弹道极限速度  /  数值仿真

To explore the penetration resistance of aluminum alloy tubes under spherical steel projectile impact, focusing on the effects of varying tube radii and wall thicknesses on ballistic limit velocity, providing a foundation for tube protection design. A finite element model of spherical steel projectile penetration into 2024-T42 aluminum alloy targets was established using Ansys/Workbench software and the Johnson-Cook material model, which was then verified. Simulations of the response characteristics of aluminum alloy tubes with different radii and wall thicknesses under normal impact of spherical steel projectiles were conducted, along with an analysis of tube deformation and damage. The study found that the penetration resistance of the upper and lower walls of aluminum alloy tubes differs, with the upper convex structure outperforming the lower concave structure. A smaller tube radius enhances the penetration resistance of the upper wall, while for tubes of the same radius,increasing the wall thickness leads to a roughly linear increase in the ballistic limit velocity of both upper and lower walls.

Aluminum alloy circular tubes  /  Spherical steel projectile  /  Penetration performance  /  Ballistic limit velocity  /  Numerical simulation
王立纲, 王日晗, 肖思维, 田璐, 董勤. 2024-T42铝合金圆管抗球形钢弹侵彻特性研究. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (6) : 118 -123 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.014
Ligang WANG, Rihan WANG, Siwei XIAO, Lu TIAN, Qin DONG. Research on the penetration resistance characteristic of 2024-T42 aluminum alloy tube to spherical steel projectile[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (6) : 118 -123 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.014
2024系列硬铝合金强度高、耐热性好,具有较强的断裂韧性和抗疲劳性能[1],在航空航天、汽车、船舶等领域应用广泛。在众多吸能结构中,金属圆管承载力稳定、变形行程长、取材方便,被视为廉价、可靠、高效、理想的吸能元件[2-3]。目前,对金属圆管结构的冲击研究主要分为轴向压缩[4-6]和侧向撞击两种。程国强等[7]对两端固支圆管经受侧向撞击时的塑性大变形进行了试验研究和理论分析,提出了线载荷集中作用下载荷与局部凹陷值的关系式以及冲击动能与总体位移的关系式。方子帆等[8]采用数值仿真的方法,对两端固支圆管在不同位置经低速横向冲击的变形响应进行了研究。武勇忠等[9]研究了充液薄壁圆管在平头弹侧向冲击下局部凹陷、穿透和整体变形等损伤。周丽军等[10]对自由圆管受刚性平头弹体横向冲击时的动力学行为进行了试验研究和计算机仿真。秦庆华等[11]研究了不同冲击能量下两端固支薄壁圆管的整体变形模态和冲击点附近局部压溃模态的发展过程。穆建春等[12]通过试验研究了薄壁软钢圆管在90°圆锥头弹不同角度冲击下的破裂模式。纪冲等[13]利用数值仿真方法研究了圆柱壳在不同冲击条件下的变形和破坏模式,得到了弹体以不同倾角击穿壳壁的最小速度。王猛等[14]利用有限元软件Ls-Dyna 3D对球形弹丸高速正撞击不同直径薄壁钢管的穿孔毁伤特性进行数值仿真,发现薄壁钢管遭受小弹丸撞击穿孔后产生碎片云的分布形态受径向直径影响明显。NIKNEJAD等[15]119-131引入了一种新的变形理论模型,基于能量法推导了弹道极限速度的理论公式,并使用Ls-Dyna显式求解器对钝实心圆柱体进入空金属柱的过程进行了数值模拟,讨论了弹丸直径和质量等几何特征对射孔过程和弹道极限速度的影响。GARA等[16]利用Ls-Dyna软件采用Johnson-Cookvisco(J-C)塑性模型研究了刚性钢圆柱形弹体撞击铝合金靶的抗弹性能。CHENG等[17-18]采用直径为5 mm的球形钢弹,在400 m/s对2024-T4铝合金进行多次弹道冲击,探究了其动态变形和损伤情况。随着冲击次数的增加,熔坑直径略有增加,但熔坑深度和熔坑体积显著增加,应变累积导致整体显微硬度增加。冲击参数与冲击次数均遵循幂律关系。且与多次撞击相比,相同总撞击能量的等效单次撞击具有相似的撞击坑参数,但微观结构不同。RODRIGUEZ-MILLAN等[19]采用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了2024-T351铝合金在冲击载荷下的力学行为。通过现有对圆管侧向冲击文献分析,发现目前主要是研究平板靶体和弹体形状的影响,较少涉及圆管尺寸与弹道极限速度的相互关系。
因此,本文基于Ansys/Workbench软件和J-C材料模型建立球形钢弹正冲击2024-T42铝合金圆管有限元模型,探究圆管半径、厚度与其被破坏时弹体临界速度的关系,为进一步研究圆管弹道极限速度的影响因素及其损伤特性提供依据。
采用文献[20]27-33中材料的力学性能参数,球形钢弹和2024-T42铝合金材料的力学性能参数分别如表1表2所示。
按照文献[20]27-33中结构的尺寸和建模方法,使用Ansys/Workbench有限元软件建立弹靶冲击模型,如图1所示。其中,球形钢弹直径为25.4 mm,铝合金靶板尺寸为250 mm×250 mm×5 mm。由于弹体本身未发生明显的大变形,而2024-T42铝合金圆管出现了局部破坏,因此弹体采用Rigid刚体模型,铝合金圆管采用考虑材料失效和大变形的J-C本构和失效模型。此外,为充分考虑铝合金圆管受球形钢弹冲击时,在局部拉伸和压缩状态下材料的体积变化对压力造成的影响,结合使用Gruneisen状态方程,其参数如表3所示。
通过Ansys/Workbench Explicit Dynamics模拟仿真得到球形钢弹正冲击5 mm厚的2024-T42铝合金板的弹道极限速度为172 m/s,文献[15]119-131中弹道极限速度大小为151.7 m/s,误差约为11.8%,验证了该模型的有效性。图2为文献[20]27-33的仿真结果与本文的对比。由图2可知,使用Ansys/Workbench Explicit Dynamics和Ls-Dyna能够很好地模拟弹靶冲击过程,两者得到的仿真过程和靶板损伤形式保持一致,进一步验证了模型和参数的有效性。
在模型有效性验证的基础上,建立球形钢弹正冲击2024-T42铝合金圆管的有限元模型。其中,球形钢弹半径为12.7 mm;圆管长度L为250 mm;圆管半径R的范围为30~70 mm;圆管壁厚δ的范围为5~9 mm。圆管与钢弹均采用Solid六面体单元进行网格划分,圆管网格尺寸为2 mm,钢弹网格尺寸为5 mm。
在进行有限元分析时,将静摩擦因数设置为0.1;动摩擦因数设置为0.08;二次体积黏性系数为1.5;线性体积黏性系数为0.06;沙漏控制系数为0.1;并在圆管两端加以固定约束。
球形钢弹侵彻铝合金圆管的破坏效果随着弹体速度的增加明显增强,其表现为圆管靶件不同的破坏形式。当弹体的初速度较低且小于圆管上表面击穿临界速度vbl1时,弹体被弹回,弹靶接触处出现局部塑性变形;当弹体初速度增加至圆管上表面击穿临界速度时,弹体将穿透圆管上侧管壁,并继续对下侧管壁产生侵彻作用;当弹体击穿上侧管壁后的剩余速度大于下表面击穿临界速度vbl2时,下侧管壁被穿透,弹体将贯穿整个圆管。
选取初速度300 m/s的弹体侵彻半径为50 mm、厚度为5 mm的圆管为例,以便详细分析球形钢弹对铝合金圆管的冲击特性,其仿真过程如图3所示。由图3可知,当球形弹体接触铝合金圆管的瞬间,弹体压缩上侧管壁并在接触点处形成圆形局部凹陷;随着球形弹体继续压入管壁,局部凹陷区的范围进一步扩大,上侧管壁几何外形由外凸变为内凹,同时由于弹体对圆管的压缩作用,受到冲击载荷的区域外的圆管结构出现弹性变形,吸收了弹体部分动能;随着侵彻过程进行,局部凹陷区中心向外发生破坏,弹体将上侧管壁击穿,仍然具有较大的剩余速度,将继续作用于下侧管壁,将下侧管壁击穿,直至完全贯穿圆管。在弹体贯穿圆管靶板时,上侧管壁为上凸结构,由于弹体对其的压缩作用,上表面管壁发生撕裂,形成向后的花瓣样破坏;下侧管壁为下凹结构,在弹体作用于下侧管壁时,产生向后弯曲的花瓣样破坏且由于剪切作用产生冲塞。通过对有限元模拟的结果进行观察可知,在穿透破坏阶段,弹体穿透管壁的瞬间,弹体对铝合金圆管管壁的压缩作用消失,圆管受到弹体冲击对圆管的压缩作用产生的弹性变形所存储的能量瞬间释放,管壁会出现较大程度的回弹,整个圆管结构出现短时间的持续小幅度振动。
选取初速度为300 m/s的弹体侵彻不同半径和壁厚的圆管,如表4所示。其中,v1v2分别为击穿上侧管壁和下侧管壁的剩余速度;“*”表示弹体未击穿上侧管壁,未接触下侧管壁;负数表示弹体反弹。由图4可知,当管壁厚度达到8 mm,弹体在撞击上侧管壁后即反弹,对下侧管壁无损坏,且其反弹速度随着圆筒半径增加逐渐增加,这是由于相同壁厚下半径越大,圆管结构与弹体接触区域抗压强度越弱,吸收更低的弹体动能。此外,圆管壁越厚,抵抗变形和破坏能力越强,弹体撞击后损失的动能越少。即反弹速度随壁厚增加而增大,当壁厚较大时,半径对弹体动能的影响变弱。
表4可知,当壁厚为6 mm和7 mm时,弹体都击穿了上侧管壁,且都未击穿下侧管壁;随着圆管半径的增加,弹体击穿上侧管壁后的剩余速度逐渐增加,但壁厚为7 mm的剩余速度明显低于壁厚为6 mm的圆筒,这是由于管壁越厚其抗侵彻性能增加,耗能增加,弹体剩余速度降低。
当壁厚为5 mm时,弹体将圆管完全击穿,且穿过上侧管壁和下侧管壁的剩余速度都随圆管半径增加逐渐降低,这与圆管半径增加导致区域结构强度和刚度变弱有关。
对于弹体侵彻金属管,NIKNEJAD等[15]119-131采用能量法推导出弹体击穿首层金属管靶板的剩余速度与弹体初速度、弹靶材料的关系,如式(1)所示。
式中,mp为弹体质量;vi为弹体初速度;D为弹体直径;t为靶板壁厚;ρpρt分别为弹体密度和靶板密度;cpct分别为弹体和靶板的弹性波速;Gt为靶板切变模量;τu为静态极限剪切强度。其中
式中,EpEt分别为弹体和靶板的弹性模量;νt为靶板材料泊松比。
当弹体初速度为300 m/s时,将表5参数代入式(1),得到弹体击穿圆管上壁后的剩余速度如表6所示。
表6可知,通过文献[15]119-131中能量法推导出的剩余速度方程在弹体能够击穿靶板的情况下误差均在可接受的范围,但随着圆管壁厚增加,误差有显著增加趋势,且当弹体无法击穿靶板时,式(1)无法计算弹体反弹后的剩余速度。
在冲击防护领域,整个靶板的弹道极限速度vbl通常被认为相当于临界穿透速度,用来表征靶板结构抵抗外物侵彻的性能。选取壁厚为5 mm,半径分别为30、40、50、60、70 mm的圆管,研究其弹道极限的关系,如表7图5所示。
图5可知,整个圆管的弹道极限速度随着圆筒半径增加成线性缓慢降低,即在弹体直径一定时,圆管半径越大,圆管曲率越趋近于平板,上侧管壁隆起抗压缩和下侧管壁凹陷抗拉伸能力越弱,导致其弹道极限速度有所下降。此外,圆管上侧管壁的弹道极限速度明显高于下侧管壁的弹道极限速度,且圆管半径越小时差异越显著,这是由于相对于弹体初速度方向,上侧管壁为上凸结构,受撞击后向下挤压材料形成轴向反作用力抵抗变形,而下侧管壁为下凹结构,主要为拉伸破坏,铝合金抗压能力要远大于其抗拉能力,因此弹体击穿上侧管壁需要消耗更多能量。当圆管半径增加时,其防护能力逐渐变弱,上凸结构与下凹结构弹道极限差值逐渐减小并趋于恒定,当半径大于等于50 mm时铝合金圆管的弹道极限基本保持恒定。
为探究圆管壁厚对其抗侵彻性能的影响,建立壁厚δ为5~9 mm、半径为50 mm的铝合金圆管受球形钢弹撞击模型,仿真结果如表8图6所示。
图6可知,随着铝合金圆管壁厚的增加,其上、下两侧管壁的弹道极限速度成线性增长,由于相对于弹体的冲击方向,上侧管壁为上凸结构,下侧管壁为下凹结构,上侧管壁的弹道极限速度大于下侧管壁的弹道极限速度,且随着壁厚的增大,上、下两侧弹道极限速度差值近似线性增加。
根据文献[15]119-131中得到的金属管状靶板弹道极限速度方程,如式(4)~式(6)所示,将表5数据代入,得到不同的铝合金圆管弹道极限速度如表9所示。
其中,
表9可知,由文献[15]119-131中提出的金属管状靶板的弹道极限方程计算得到的不同厚度铝合金圆管的弹道极限速度与数值模拟所得到的相对误差均小于10%。由表6表9中数据可以得出,文献[15]119-131中所提出的矩形截面空心金属管的剩余速度及弹道极限速度计算式对圆形截面的金属管有着较好的适用性。
使用Ansys/Workbench软件,模拟了不同半径、壁厚的铝合金圆管在球形钢弹正冲击下的响应特性,并对圆管的变形及损伤进行了分析,主要结论如下:
1)球形钢弹侵彻铝合金圆管时,主要失效形式为局部剪切破坏和开裂损伤,且伴随花瓣状开裂。
2)圆管上侧管壁的抗侵彻能力高于下侧管壁,这是由于上凸结构抗压缩比下凹结构抗拉伸性能好。
3)圆管结构抗侵彻能力和上、下侧管壁弹道极限速度差值随圆管半径增加而减弱,当圆管半径较大时,上、下侧管壁弹道极限速度趋于稳定。
4)圆管结构抗侵彻能力和上、下侧管壁弹道极限速度差值随圆管壁厚的增加近似成线性增加。
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(ZJ2023-009; J2023-003)
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.014
  • 接收时间:2023-10-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-05
  • 修回日期:2023-12-28
基金
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(ZJ2023-009; J2023-003)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(ZJ2023-009; J2023-003)
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    1.中国民用航空飞行学院 广汉分院,广汉 618307
    2.中国民用航空飞行学院 航空工程学院,广汉 618307
    3.中国民用航空飞行学院 飞机修理厂,广汉 618307

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田璐(通信作者),女,1992年生,山西太谷人,硕士,助理工程师;主要研究方向为冲击动力学;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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