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Surface texture design is an effective way to achieve small leakage, long life and highly reliable operation of mechanical end seals. To investigate the characteristics of the interface film of guide groove texture, through the design and preparation of semi-circular, herringbone and E-shaped guide groove textures, experiments and theoretical research under high-speed operation conditions were carried out, the influence of different guide groove textures on the tribological properties of end face seals was explored. The results show that the existence of the guide groove can effectively improve the bearing capacity of the interface film and improve the tribological performance. In numerical calculations, the results show that the frictional performances of face seals varied with the configuration of guide groove. The herringbone textures and E-type ones show an obvious guide-aggregation effect. When the lubricant in E-type texture after being guide-aggregation through the groove, the pressure accumulates at the textured tail barrier, and fluid in the face seal clearance cannot escape from the guide groove boundary. As a result,the low energy loss in system, and an optimal liquid film bearing capacity achieves. Under different depths, the existence of guide groove promotes the hydrodynamic pressure. With the increase in depth, the bearing capacity of the liquid film increases first and then decreases. For the E-shape texture, the optimum bearing capacity of liquid film Pav=0.527 5 MPa is obtained at h1=10 μm. The bearing capacity of fluid film of E-shape texture has a 51.2% increase in comparison to the common grooved texture, the value of frictional torque has a 53.5% decrease. The analysis show that, the configuration of guide groove results in an accumulation of lubricant on the top of texture, which enhances the pressure convergence, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the lubricating fluid film and reducing friction(‘guide⁃aggregation effect’). The geometric parameters of the guide groove have a significant impact on the fluid dynamic pressure in the end face sealing pair,which will influence the tribological performances of face seal. The research result provides theoretical support for the design of non-contact end face seal material surface texture in future.

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SHI Liping, E-mail:
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表面织构设计是实现非接触式机械端面密封低泄漏、长寿命、高可靠运行的有效途径。为考察导向槽织构的界面膜特性,通过设计制备半圆形、人字形与E形等导向槽织构,开展高速运行条件下的试验与理论研究,探究不同导向槽织构对端面密封摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,导向槽的存在可以有效提升界面膜承载力,改善摩擦学性能。其中,E形导向槽织构性能表现最佳,在深度h1=10 μm时,液膜承载力最高可达Pav=0.527 5 MPa,相比普通沟槽形织构提高了104.6%,摩擦转矩数值降低了53.5%。分析认为沟槽形织构中导向槽的存在能够有效引导润滑介质在织构顶部产生有效聚集并形成压力收敛,进而提高润滑液膜承载力、减少摩擦(“引-聚效应”)。研究结果可为实际应用中非接触式端面密封材料表面织构设计提供参考。

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时礼平(通信作者),男,1983年生,安徽安庆人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为摩擦学与表面工程;E-mail:
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陈小亚,男,1998年生,安徽六安人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为摩擦学与表面工程;E-mail:

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Surface Technology202352(4):155-163.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Numerical simulation of effect of texture design on sealing characteristics of grease sealing pair, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241049278886499014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049261165564305, awardId=52205178, language=EN, fundingSource=Natural Science Foundation of China(52205178), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241049278978773709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049261165564305, awardId=52205178, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52205178), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241049279196877529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049261165564305, awardId=2108085QE228; 2108085ME174, language=EN, fundingSource=Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2108085QE228; 2108085ME174), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241049281013011176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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figureFileSmall=aaKQbs5Jtm+PjYIAvj29qg==, figureFileBig=57XkUFFUYdAA+QcYyw8hsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241049278257353385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049261165564305, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Geometrical parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 Parameter值 Value
外径Outer radius ro/mm20
内径Inner radius ri/mm14.50
单元域边长Length of computational domain L /mm2.50
导向槽宽度Width of guide groove a /mm0.20
织构宽度Texture width b /mm1.50
导向槽长度Length of guide groove c /mm1.25
密封间隙厚度Thickness of sealing clearance h0/μm5
织构深度Texture depth h1/μm5~20
), ArticleFig(id=1241049278358016685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049261165564305, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

几何参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 Parameter值 Value
外径Outer radius ro/mm20
内径Inner radius ri/mm14.50
单元域边长Length of computational domain L /mm2.50
导向槽宽度Width of guide groove a /mm0.20
织构宽度Texture width b /mm1.50
导向槽长度Length of guide groove c /mm1.25
密封间隙厚度Thickness of sealing clearance h0/μm5
织构深度Texture depth h1/μm5~20
), ArticleFig(id=1241049278521594548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049261165564305, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Operating parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 Parameter值 Value
动力黏度Dynamic viscosity /(mPa·s)1.001
大气压力Atmospheric pressure P0/MPa0.103
空化压力Cavitation pressure P1/MPa0.02
润滑介质压力Lubricating medium pressure Pi /MPa0.60
轴向推力Axial force F/N50
转速Rotational speed ω /(r/min)3 000
), ArticleFig(id=1241049278706143932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241049261165564305, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

工况参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 Parameter值 Value
动力黏度Dynamic viscosity /(mPa·s)1.001
大气压力Atmospheric pressure P0/MPa0.103
空化压力Cavitation pressure P1/MPa0.02
润滑介质压力Lubricating medium pressure Pi /MPa0.60
轴向推力Axial force F/N50
转速Rotational speed ω /(r/min)3 000
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基于引-聚效应的沟槽形织构化端面密封摩擦学性能研究
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陈小亚 1 , 张磊 1 , 李蒙 1 , 时礼平 1, 2
机械强度 | 实验研究·测试技术 2025,47(6): 91-98
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机械强度 | 实验研究·测试技术 2025, 47(6): 91-98
基于引-聚效应的沟槽形织构化端面密封摩擦学性能研究
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陈小亚1 , 张磊1, 李蒙1, 时礼平1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.安徽工业大学 机械工程学院,马鞍山 243032
  • 2.安徽工业大学芜湖技术创新研究院,芜湖 241002
  • 陈小亚,男,1998年生,安徽六安人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为摩擦学与表面工程;E-mail:

通讯作者:

时礼平(通信作者),男,1983年生,安徽安庆人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为摩擦学与表面工程;E-mail:
Research on the tribological performacne of grooved textured end seals based on guide-aggregation effect
Xiaoya CHEN1 , Lei ZHANG1, Meng LI1, Liping SHI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243032, China
  • 2.Wuhu Technological Innovation Research Institute of Anhui University of Technology, Wuhu 241002, China
出版时间: 2025-06-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.011
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表面织构设计是实现非接触式机械端面密封低泄漏、长寿命、高可靠运行的有效途径。为考察导向槽织构的界面膜特性,通过设计制备半圆形、人字形与E形等导向槽织构,开展高速运行条件下的试验与理论研究,探究不同导向槽织构对端面密封摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,导向槽的存在可以有效提升界面膜承载力,改善摩擦学性能。其中,E形导向槽织构性能表现最佳,在深度h1=10 μm时,液膜承载力最高可达Pav=0.527 5 MPa,相比普通沟槽形织构提高了104.6%,摩擦转矩数值降低了53.5%。分析认为沟槽形织构中导向槽的存在能够有效引导润滑介质在织构顶部产生有效聚集并形成压力收敛,进而提高润滑液膜承载力、减少摩擦(“引-聚效应”)。研究结果可为实际应用中非接触式端面密封材料表面织构设计提供参考。

引-聚效应  /  机械密封  /  动压润滑  /  表面织构  /  减摩机制

Surface texture design is an effective way to achieve small leakage, long life and highly reliable operation of mechanical end seals. To investigate the characteristics of the interface film of guide groove texture, through the design and preparation of semi-circular, herringbone and E-shaped guide groove textures, experiments and theoretical research under high-speed operation conditions were carried out, the influence of different guide groove textures on the tribological properties of end face seals was explored. The results show that the existence of the guide groove can effectively improve the bearing capacity of the interface film and improve the tribological performance. In numerical calculations, the results show that the frictional performances of face seals varied with the configuration of guide groove. The herringbone textures and E-type ones show an obvious guide-aggregation effect. When the lubricant in E-type texture after being guide-aggregation through the groove, the pressure accumulates at the textured tail barrier, and fluid in the face seal clearance cannot escape from the guide groove boundary. As a result,the low energy loss in system, and an optimal liquid film bearing capacity achieves. Under different depths, the existence of guide groove promotes the hydrodynamic pressure. With the increase in depth, the bearing capacity of the liquid film increases first and then decreases. For the E-shape texture, the optimum bearing capacity of liquid film Pav=0.527 5 MPa is obtained at h1=10 μm. The bearing capacity of fluid film of E-shape texture has a 51.2% increase in comparison to the common grooved texture, the value of frictional torque has a 53.5% decrease. The analysis show that, the configuration of guide groove results in an accumulation of lubricant on the top of texture, which enhances the pressure convergence, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the lubricating fluid film and reducing friction(‘guide⁃aggregation effect’). The geometric parameters of the guide groove have a significant impact on the fluid dynamic pressure in the end face sealing pair,which will influence the tribological performances of face seal. The research result provides theoretical support for the design of non-contact end face seal material surface texture in future.

Guide-aggregation effect  /  Mechanical seal  /  Hydrodynamic lubrication  /  Surface texture  /  Friction reduction mechanism
陈小亚, 张磊, 李蒙, 时礼平. 基于引-聚效应的沟槽形织构化端面密封摩擦学性能研究. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (6) : 91 -98 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.011
Xiaoya CHEN, Lei ZHANG, Meng LI, Liping SHI. Research on the tribological performacne of grooved textured end seals based on guide-aggregation effect[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (6) : 91 -98 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.011
在航空航天、石油化工等工业领域中,现代化旋转机械设备(航空用涡轮泵、压缩机等)日渐往高速、高温、高载荷、长时间运转的使用环境发展。传统的接触式机械端面密封装置已经无法满足极端工况下的使用要求,为实现减振、降低摩擦磨损、防止泄漏的需求,相关学者提出了非接触式密封的设计理念[1]
非接触式机械端面密封装置的原理是依靠在密封副表面加工出表面织构,利用流体动压效应,在密封间隙形成一层润滑液膜,从而减少密封环件之间的直接接触,达到降低端面摩擦磨损[2-3]、提高润滑液膜承载压力[4-5]、减少机械密封泄漏[6-7]等目的。REYNOLDS[8]首先依靠Reynolds方程和运动方程构建了微表面结构模型,并对其进行数值计算模拟,发现表面织构在有效保持流体动力学的效果同时,可以显著减少机械零件的摩擦磨损。
非接触式端面密封常用的织构设计类型主要分为两类:凹坑型与沟槽型。UDDIN等[9]对两种不同类型织构进行对比试验分析,发现沟槽型织构拥有更为优秀的摩擦学性能。近年来,各国学者更加关注于圆形、三角形和人字形之间的端面密封摩擦学性能。SHEN等[10]对不同微织构纹理研究分析,发现人字形织构可以有效促进流体压力的产生,因此摩擦学性能表现最佳。XU等[11]构建了一种新型人字形织构并研究其在不稳定条件下的密封性能与瞬态响应情况,结果表明新型人字形织构在减少泄漏、振动抑制及避免表面摩擦冲击现象方面具有显著的控制能力。赵文静等[12]对一种新型非规则人字形织构开展研究分析,结果表明其具有更明显的收集与汇聚密封间隙内润滑介质的作用。
综上所述,沟槽型织构起到的导向作用是影响机械端面密封摩擦学性能的重要因素,但能否进一步改善与提升导向作用对界面膜特性的影响,揭示其导向作用下隐藏的共性机制,仍需继续探索研究。
基于此,本文针对实际工程应用工况环境下非接触式机械密封设计中的沟槽型织构,以半圆形、人字形及E形导向槽织构为研究对象,结合流体动压润滑中空化现象的影响,开展试验与理论研究,对现有研究结论开展机制性分析,提出一种合理假设:机械密封端面导向槽的设置能够引导润滑介质在织构顶部产生有效聚集并形成压力收敛,进而提高润滑液膜承载力、减少摩擦。后续依靠数值计算得出密封间隙中液膜承载力云图及流体迹线分布图,验证导向槽引流-聚集的效应机制,得出不同导向槽织构中密封端面间隙流的流场规律。本文相关研究可为实际工程应用中依靠控制导向槽自身几何形貌参数,实现调控端面密封摩擦学性能,达到减少摩擦、增加使用寿命的目的提供参考。
动环件材质为碳化硅,密封端面内、外径分别为29、40 mm;静环件材质为碳石墨,密封端面内径与外径分别为28.5 mm和40.5 mm。两者均利用400、800、1 200目数的砂纸进行打磨、抛光处理,使其表面粗糙度Ra≤0.2 μm。表面织构均制备在动环密封表面。图1所示为机械端面密封环表面织构几何模型。如图1(a)所示,表面微织构沿密封环径向呈列排布,周向呈周期性分布膜厚;图1(b)为织构膜厚示意图,其中h0为密封副初始间隙厚度,h1为导向槽织构槽深。动环件端面加工有不同导向槽织构,试样制备中采用的密封环件几何参数如表1所示。表1中,a为导向槽宽度;b为织构宽度;c为导向槽长度;密封环件与端面微织构的相关域记作一个单元域,L为单元域边长。
采用激光加工技术,激光器型号为G20,加工参数为:扫描次数3次,扫描速度200 mm/s,功率30 W。制备完成后利用800、1 200目砂纸再次打磨,目的是清除激光刻蚀后边界处残存的余渣,并在后续加工中利用超声波清洗机对导向槽织构内部进行清理,时间为2 min。4种织构表面形貌如图2所示。
机械端面密封试验在图3(a)所示的高速机械端面密封试验台上进行。对右侧部分的静环试样施加载荷,同时令其保持静止状态;动环试样采取旋转运动,密封环件试样如图3(b)所示。图3(c)所示为试验测得的原始数据。
本试验的温度变化区间为28~35 ℃,在该范围内水的黏温变化曲线[13]平稳,对端面密封的摩擦学性能影响较小。因此本文在室温下采用水润滑,设置外部载荷为50 N,运行转速为3 000 r/min,每组试验3次,每次进行20 min,测得压力数值后取平均值,计算其摩擦转矩。摩擦试验中所采用的工况参数如表2所示。
基于高速机械端面密封试验台的试验结果,本文采用理论数值模拟方法[14-15],根据Reynolds方程,利用Matlab软件建立具有不同导向槽织构的端面密封润滑模型,依靠数值计算方法求解出密封间隙中润滑液膜承载力分布,依此研究不同类型的导向槽对界面膜影响的效应机制。考虑流体动压润滑中空化现象的影响,根据质量守恒边界空化条件(Jakobsson, Floberg,Olsson, JFO)[16],通过Elord算法推导出空化区域压力数值,在液膜负压处选取空化压力为0.02 MPa,当数值计算过程中液膜承载力小于该值时取0.02 MPa,代入并进行迭代计算。为直观观察润滑介质在密封间隙中的运动情况,利用有限元分析软件Ansys Fluent,建立基于N-S方程[17]的导向槽织构计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)模型,推导不同导向槽织构下的流体迹线图。数值计算与仿真模拟参数的设置均与密封试验设置参数一致,依照表1表2所列参数。
图4所示为密封试验台摩擦学性能试验中不同深度下各导向槽织构的摩擦学性能数值。由图4(a)可看出,对比摩擦转矩,4种织构的变化趋势基本相似,不同深度中,E形织构摩擦转矩数值均为最低,相对于其他导向槽织构可以有效减小摩擦转矩数值;当导向槽织构深度h1=10 μm时,E形织构摩擦转矩数值最低为0.009 2 N·m,减摩效果最好,相较于沟槽形、半圆形与人字形导向槽织构降低的幅度最大,分别降低了53.5%、43.9%、24.6%。
随着深度的增加,由图4(b)可看出不同导向槽织构的泄漏量呈先上升后下降的趋势,当深度h1=15 μm时达到峰值。其中,在深度h1=10 μm时,E形织构泄漏量小于人字形织构。图4(c)为密封试验进行20 min后密封腔内润滑介质温度提升值。由图4(c)可看出,随着织构深度的增加,温度提升值呈先增加后降低的趋势。不同深度下E形织构的温度提升量均为最少,当织构深度h1=10 μm时数值最低(t=4.08 ℃),相较其余导向槽织构分别降低了34.5%、29.7%、18.4%。
分析认为,沟槽形织构中无导向槽存在,仅依靠沟槽形织构的泵吸效应,无法获得较好的摩擦学性能;半圆形织构中润滑介质从导向槽入口处进入,但在运动过程中受织构边界侧壁阻碍,由能量守恒原理可知,润滑液自身动能存在损耗,速度降低,最终导致半圆形织构顶峰处润滑液膜承载力减少,因此摩擦转矩相对于沟槽形织构提升有限;E形织构与人字形织构均可有效起到聚集润滑介质的作用,但E形织构在出口处具有更长的阻滞坝,当流体从导向槽入口处进入并行进至织构尾部时,阻滞坝可以有效提高润滑液膜承载力,降低密封界面的接触力,减少端面接触产生的摩擦热,改善机械端面密封摩擦学性能。故E形织构的摩擦学性能在4种导向槽织构中表现最佳。
针对导向槽织构的高速运转下的摩擦试验结果,利用理论数值计算深入探寻密封间隙流体的变化规律。图5为Matlab软件计算得出的不同导向槽织构在织构深度h1=10 μm下的润滑液膜承载力云图。由图5可知,不同种类的导向槽织构在机械端面密封运行中,底部的承载力低,出现较大面积的气穴,有空化现象的产生,同时在纹理顶部润滑膜承载压力显著增高。这表明不同导向槽织构在端面密封运转中均有流体动压现象的产生,同时,在导向槽自身边界处均出现了压力汇集现象。图5(a)所示为无导向槽织构的沟槽形纹理,其最高压力处数值最低,为0.165 0 MPa,同时织构所形成的空化区域最大。这是由于沟槽形织构中润滑液流距离较短,润滑液动压效应弱产生的影响。图5(b)中,半圆形织构提供的最高润滑膜承载力为0.285 8 MPa,在3种导向槽织构中最低,这是因为在其边界处曲线轮廓可以减少润滑介质流动时的速度突变,其高压区域的范围比人字形织构更广,但相应的曲线轮廓导致更多的润滑液从边界处溢出,故高压区最高润滑膜承载力低于人字形与E形织构。图5(c)中人字形纹理与图5(d)中的E形纹理均具有最高的液膜承载力,为0.527 5 MPa,但由图5(d)可知,E形织构阻滞槽的存在使得其最高承载力范围远大于人字形织构。
图6(a)所示为量纲一化平均润滑液膜承载力数值。对比发现,在不同深度下,设计的E形织构的润滑液膜承载力始终最高,说明在各深度下,导向槽对润滑液均起到了流动收敛、压力聚集的作用。随着深度的增加,提升数值有着先增加后减少的趋势,说明导向槽的引-聚原理在流体动压润滑过程中存在着最佳作用深度。对比不同深度下各导向槽织构量纲一润滑液膜承载力,在织构深度h1=10 μm时,E形织构相较于沟槽形、半圆形、人字形织构,提高幅度最大,分别为104.6%、69.0%、22.8%;自身的润滑液膜承载力最高。这是因为当导向槽织构深度较低时,其内部空化部分中部分气泡存在逃逸现象,降低了承载效果,空化区域的承载力也随之减弱;而随着深度的增加,织构储存润滑液的效率提升,起到减小摩擦效果;但深度过大时,润滑介质在长距离地流动后,由于自身能量的损耗,其速度梯度呈下降的趋势,提供的剪应力也随之降低,进而对润滑液膜承载力产生影响。
图6(b)所示为数值计算中各导向槽织构的泄漏量数值。不同导向槽织构泄漏量中,E形织构、人字形织构、半圆形织构和沟槽形织构依次减少;随织构深度的增加,各导向槽织构泄漏量呈先增加后接近平稳的趋势。
上述理论计算表明导向槽织构具有聚集间隙中的润滑液、提高承载力的作用。为具体分析导向槽织构引导流体汇聚的行为,借助有限元分析软件Ansys Fluent进行模拟计算。图7为导向槽织构在织构深度h1=10 μm时的流场迹线图。由图7可知,由于沟槽形织构自身泵吸效应的存在,在织构边缘处有液体被引入沟槽内部。图7(a)中沟槽形织构因形貌较小,流线无明显改变;图7(b)、图7(c)中,对于半圆形与人字形织构,润滑液由入口进入,依靠导向槽进行移动,逐步在顶部区域汇聚,形成压力收敛,但部分流体在运动过程中由织构边缘溢出,存在着能量损耗的现象,流速降低;图7(d)中E形织构中的润滑液运动状况同上,但流体经过导向槽的引导、汇聚,最终在织构尾部阻滞坝处实现压力聚集。与半圆形和人字形织构不同,E形织构中润滑液几乎无法从导向槽边界溢出,流速相对较高,因此可以有效提高润滑液膜的承载力,改善端面密封的摩擦学性能。对比图6图7,研究表明导向槽的存在是影响沟槽形织构摩擦学性能的重要影响因素,可以有效引导润滑介质汇聚,进而提高液膜承载力,改善机械密封装置的摩擦学性能。
以不同导向槽织构为研究对象,通过试验与数值理论计算,探究了机械端面密封中导向槽织构界面膜润滑介质的流体运动规律。得到如下主要结论:
1)具有导向槽设计的沟槽形织构能够有效改变润滑介质在密封间隙中的流动状况。其中以E形织构表现最佳,当织构深度h1=10 μm时,相较于沟槽形、半圆形、人字形织构,其摩擦转矩分别降低了53.5%、43.9%、24.6%;温度提升值分别降低了34.5%、29.7%、18.4%;液膜承载力分别提升了104.6%、69.0%、22.8%。
2)导向槽织构的设计是影响沟槽形织构端面密封摩擦学性能的重要因素。其引-聚效应的存在能够有效引导端面密封间隙中润滑介质产生有效聚集并形成压力收敛,进而提高润滑液膜承载力、减少摩擦并降低摩擦温升,增强摩擦学性能。
3)导向槽织构自身形貌不同,引发的引-聚效应强度不同,因此其端面密封摩擦学性能也随之改变,这为通过控制非接触端面密封沟槽形织构中导向槽自身参数,实现调控端面密封摩擦学性能的后续研究提供参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52205178)
  • 安徽省自然科学基金项目(2108085QE228; 2108085ME174)
  • 芜湖市科技计划项目(2023jc02)
  • 安徽高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2023-022)
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2025年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.06.011
  • 接收时间:2023-12-04
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-04
基金
Natural Science Foundation of China(52205178)
国家自然科学基金项目(52205178)
Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2108085QE228; 2108085ME174)
安徽省自然科学基金项目(2108085QE228; 2108085ME174)
Science and Technology Plan Project of Wuhu City(2023jc02)
芜湖市科技计划项目(2023jc02)
University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(GXXT-2023-022)
安徽高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2023-022)
作者信息
    1.安徽工业大学 机械工程学院,马鞍山 243032
    2.安徽工业大学芜湖技术创新研究院,芜湖 241002

通讯作者:

时礼平(通信作者),男,1983年生,安徽安庆人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为摩擦学与表面工程;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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